Abstract: CO2 emissions from Fischer-Tropsch facilities are controlled by using multiple reactors. A process for the conversion of syngas using multiple Fischer-Tropsch reactors comprises reacting at least a portion of a first syngas in a first Fischer-Tropsch reactor to form a first hydrocarbonaceous product and a second syngas. The second syngas is mixed with a H2-containing stream to form an adjusted syngas. At least a portion of the adjusted syngas is reacted in a second Fischer-Tropsch reactor to form a second hydrocarbonaceous product and a third syngas. At least a portion of the first and second hydrocarbonaceous products are blended to obtain a blended hydrocarbonaceous product.

Abstract: Crosslinked particles are provided that are useful in the manufacture of dielectric materials for use in electronic devices such as integrated circuits. The crosslinked particles are prepared by activating crosslinkable groups on synthetic polymer molecules, where the crosslinkable groups are inert until activated and, when activated, undergo an irreversible intramolecular crosslinking reaction to form crosslinked particles.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for devulcanizing cured rubber into devulcanized rubber that is capable of being recompounded and recured into useful rubber products, said process comprising heating the cured rubber to a temperature which is within the range of about 150° C. to about 300° C. under a pressure of at least about 3.4×106 Pascals in the presence of a mixture of carbon dioxide and 2-butanol.

Abstract: An epoxy resin composition can be used for forming a film having excellent water-repellency on a substrate surface. The epoxy resin composition contains (a) an epoxy resin having at least two alicyclic epoxy groups, at least one perfluoroalkyl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and at least one alkylsiloxane group and (b) a cationic polymerization catalyst. The alicyclic epoxy groups and the perfluoroalkyl group are present in branched chains of the epoxy resin, and the alkylsiloxane group is present in the main chain of the epoxy resin.

Abstract: Ophthalmic lenses, such as corneal contact lenses, include a lens body made of a composition including a lens body made of a composition including a first crosslinked polymer material which is water swellable, and a second polymeric material, other than the first material, selected from water soluble polymeric materials, water swellable polymeric materials and mixtures thereof. The second material is physically immobilized by the first material. Such lenses provide increased water retention and/or increased water content and/or increased modulus and/or reduced friction which increases lens wearer comfort. Compositions and methods for providing such lenses and compositions are also provided.

Abstract: A tire puncture sealant comprises a latex of natural rubber, an emulsion of a tackifier and an antifreezing agent, wherein the tackifier is an aromatic modified terpene resin, and given that the total A+B+C of the solid content A of the natural rubber latex, the solid content B of the tackifier emulsion and the content C of the antifreezing agent is 100 weight %, the solid content A of the natural rubber latex is in a range of from 30 to 60 weight %, the solid content B of the tackifier emulsion is in a range of from 10 to 30 weight %, and the content C of the antifreezing agent is in a range of from 20 to 50 weight %.

Abstract: Copolymers containing trialkylsilylacrylate units are erodible in seawater and can be used to formulate antifouling marine paints. The copolymers are characterized by low levels of silylacrylate component.

Abstract: Aqueous emulsion of a polymodal multistage polymeric material, wherein: (i) at least 50% of the polymodal multistage polymeric material comprises the polymers of at least two polymerisation stages having a Tg difference of ?20° C., more preferably ?40° C., and most preferably ?60° C.; (ii) at least 50% of the polymodal multistage polymeric material comprises the polymers of at least two polymerisation stages having a Dw differing by ?50 nm, preferably ?80 nm and more preferably ?100 nm; and (iii) the means to form at least one of the differing Tg's in (i) and at least one of the differing Dw's in (ii) are carried out in different stages of the multistage polymerisation to form the polymeric material. The polymer emulsion is useful for protective coatings, printing inks, overprint lacquer formulations, polishes, varnishes, sealants, paint formulations and adhesives.

Abstract: The present invention relates to silica-filled halogenated butyl elastomers, such as bromobutyl elastomers (BIIR) wherein the silica is surface-functionalized with a protein.

Abstract: A polishing pad of the present invention contains a water-insoluble matrix material comprising a crosslinked polymer such as a crosslinked 1,2-polybutadiene and water-soluble particles dispersed in the material, such as saccharides. The solubility of the water-soluble particles in water is 0.1 to 10 wt % at 25° C., and the amount of water-soluble particles eluted from the pad when the pad is immersed in water is 0.05 to 50 wt % at 25° C. Further, in the polishing pad of the present invention, the solubility of the water-soluble particles in water is 0.1 to 10 wt % at 25° C. at a pH of 3 to 11, and solubility thereof in water at 25° C. at a pH of 3 to 11 is within ±50% of solubility thereof in water at 25° C. at a pH of 7. In addition, the water-soluble particles contain an amino group, an epoxy group, an isocyanurate group, and the like. This polishing pad has good slurry retainability even if using slurries different in pH and also has excellent polishing properties such as a polishing rate and planarity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a synergistic additives mixture for producing calendered polyolefin articles, comprising A) at least one component from the group of peroxide-destroying phosphorus or sulfur compounds, B) at least one component from the group of phenolic antioxidants, C) at least one component from the group of sterically hindered amines, and D) if desired, further additives. Using this additive mixture prevents sticking to the hot roll surfaces and reduces the degradation of the polymer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to wax formulations comprising a wax constituent a) plus at least one high molecular mass isobutene polymer b) in an amount of from 0.1 to 5 parts by weight per part by weight of constituent a).

Abstract: The present invention refers to compositions and coatings, having the niobium, its oxides and possible associations with other oxides as a pigment, and its utilization carried out by the usual techniques of painting, acting as an anticorrosive to organic acids, particularly the naphthenic acids in sulfide medium, persistently present in the petrochemical industry.

Abstract: A device containing a support member, a cross-linked polymer, and a pH buffer agent. A surface of the support member is coated with the cross-linked polymer in which the pH buffer agent is embedded.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for enhancing the fraction of ?-crystal modification in polypropylene by compounding nanocrystalline substances. A ?-fraction of 50–100% is achieved with said method. The compounds are characterized by improved mechanical properties. The nanocrystalline powders can be directly compounded and compatibilized with surface-active substances in the PP matrix for better dispersion.

Abstract: A flame retardant composition includes a polymeric base material, a non-halogenated flame retardant material and a synergist material present in a concentration of about 1 percent by weight of the composition. The synergist is substantially free from metal oxides. The flame retardant composition achieves a flammability rating of at least V-2 when tested in accordance with UL testing conditions.

Abstract: The invention provides a polyvinyl acetal having a degree of acetalization of from 45 to 80 mol %, which is obtained through acetalization of a polyvinyl alcohol that contains from 1 to 15 mol % of ?-olefin units and has a 1,2-glycol bond content of from 1 to 3 mol %, a degree of polymerization of from 100 to 2000 and a degree of hydrolysis of from 80.0 to 99.99 mol %. The polyvinyl acetal has good waterproofness and good compatibility with plasticizer. Having the advantages, it is favorable for interlayer films for laminated glass, binders for ceramic forming, binders for ink or paint, and coating liquids for thermally-developable photographic materials.

Abstract: This invention relates to an adhesive including (a) a copolymer including butene, at least 40 mol % propylene, and from 0 to 30 mol % of a termonomer selected from ethylene and C5 to C20 linear, branched or cyclic alpha olefins, wherein the copolymer has (i) a weight average molecular weight of 100,000 or less; (ii) a number average molecular weight of 20,000 or less; (iii) an Mw/Mn of 5 or more; and (iv) a viscosity of 8000 mPa.sec or less at 190° C.; and (b) a hydrocarbon resin, and/or (c) a polypropylene having at least 30% crystallinity having a viscosity of 1500 mPa.s or less at 190° C., or a tactic polypropylene having a viscosity of 1500 mPa.s or less at 190° C., provided that if the tactic polypropylene is not present, then the hydrocarbon resin is a cyclopentadiene-based hydrocarbon resin. This invention also relates to blends of the copolymer described above and isotactic polypropylene without hydrocarbon resin.

Abstract: Compositions comprising anionic ionomeric polyurethanes crosslinkable in a wide temperature range, said composition comprising the following components: I) an aqueous dispersion of a linear crosslinkable ionomeric polyurethane, containing carboxylic groups and having a perfluoropolyether structure; II) a crosslinking agent, the ratio between the equivalents of the functional groups of the crosslinking agent and of the carboxylic groups of component I) being at least 0.7 up to 1.5, preferably 0.9–1.2, said crosslinking agent being dispersible or soluble in the dispersion component I).

Abstract: Coating compositions based on nonlinear, low molecular weight, polyester-based polyols having low viscosity and high solids content made by reacting a branched, polyhydric alcohol having at least three hydroxyl groups, such as trimethylolpropane; a glycol or diol; and a compound selected from the group consisting of a aliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid, C1–C6 alkyl ester, anhydride, diacid halide, or mixtures thereof. The nonlinear, polyester-based polyols are quite effective in maintaining a high solids content while lowering viscosity when blended with other coating resins, such as acrylic resins, making the coating resins more effective in cured coatings by improving flexibility, impact resistance and hardness without adversely affecting appearance, solvent resistance, and/or accelerated weathering. This invention also relates to the process of coating a substrate with these coating compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polyurethane surface and more specifically to a polyurethane surface derived from the catalyzed reaction of equivalent volumes of a polyisocyanate component and an active hydrogen component. The two-component system achieves optimal gel time and cure response for application as an athletic surface having an isocyanate index between about 105 and 115. Moreover, the present invention achieves these results with a 1:1 by volume two-component system, which minimizes mixing errors during application of the surface.

Abstract: A golf ball including a core; an intermediate layer formed from a polymer blend including a first material having a flexural modulus of between about 65,000 psi and about 120,000 psi and a second material including a grafted-metallocene polymer; and a cover layer formed from a castable reactive liquid material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel transparent block copolymer and its process for the manufacture. The process comprises a first partial killing of at least the living copolymeric species R-S1-B1-M with a multi-functional deactivation agent where S1 is a monovinyl-substituted aromatic homopolymer, B1, is a conjugated diene homopolymer, M is an alkali metal and R is an alkyl (RM being an initiator) and further comprises a second total deactivation of at least the living tapered block copolymeric species R-S1-B1-B2/S2-M (obtained by adding a feed B2/S2 to the reaction medium) by a mono-functional deactivation agent (the terminating agent).

Abstract: A copolymer composition that includes a copolymer comprised of at least 30 mol % of residues having the following alternating residues from a donor monomer and from an acceptor monomer. The copolymer contains at least 15 mol % of an isobutylene type donor monomer and at least 15 mol % of an acrylic monomer as an acceptor monomer. The copolymer is substantially free of maleate or fumarate monomer segments and the copolymer composition is substantially free of Lewis acids and transition metals. Also disclosed is a thermosetting composition that includes a reactant comprising functional groups, a crosslinking agent having at least two functional groups that are reactive with the functional groups first reactant, and a copolymer flow control agent that includes the copolymer composition as well as substrates coated with the thermosetting composition.

Abstract: Provided is a polyurethane polymer which is excellent in oil resistance, weatherability, light resistance, heat resistance, hot water resistance, hydrolysis resistance, strength, chlorine resistance, and chemical resistance, and which can be produced simply and economically. The polyurethane polymer is produced by polymerizing at least two components: a vinyl polymer (A) having a mercapto group at each end of the molecular chain produced by a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization method, and an organic polyisocyanate (B). Also provided are polyurethane-based materials containing the polyurethane polymer, and polyurethane elastic fiber.

Abstract: A golf ball including a core and a cover layer, where the cover layer includes a curing agent and a polyurethane/urea hybrid prepolymer formed from a polyisocyanate and a monodisperse heterotelechelic polymer having a polydispersity of from about 1.0 to about 1.

Abstract: The present invention provides a curable unsaturated resin composition, which has less odor characteristics and high safety and is also superior in thin film coating characteristics in a coating film. The curable unsaturated resin composition contains a polymerizable unsaturated resin (A) having two or more polymerizable unsaturated double bonds in a molecule, a hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate (B), and an unsaturated compound (C) having one or more cyclohexene rings and two or more allyl ether groups in a molecule, which is liquid at normal temperature.

Abstract: Polymers containing ?-methylenelact(ones)(ams) such as ?-methylenebutyrolactones are useful in blends with other polymers. For examples such polymers which have reactive groups are toughened by mixing with a rubbery material which has complimentary reactive groups, or polymers containing repeat units derived from ?-methylenelact(ones)(ams) are toughened by mixing with polymeric core-shell particles having an elastomeric core and a specified thermoplastic shell. The properties of thermoplastics are also improved by blending with ?-methylenelact(ones)(ams) such as ?-methylenebutyrolactones containing (co)polymers.

Abstract: A golf ball comprising a center comprising a polybutadiene having a molecular weight of greater than 200,000 and a resilience index of at least about 40; and a cover layer comprising a polyurethane composition formed from a prepolymer having no greater than 7.5 percent by weight unreacted isocyanate groups.

Abstract: A non-black filled perfluoroelastomer composition comprising a) a perfluoroelastomer having nitrile group cure sites, b) a curative selected from the group consisting of i) a bis(aminophenol) and ii) a compound that decomposes at curing temperatures to generate ammonia and c) 1–25 phr hydrophobic silica filler. Cured compositions have surprisingly better compression set than do similar compounds containing hydrophilic silica.

Abstract: A method for the production of a water-absorbent agent comprises mixing an absorbent resin containing a carboxyl group with an additive soluble in the aqueous solution of at least one member selected from the group consisting of inorganic acids, organic acids, and polyamino acids and a cross-linking agent capable of reacting with the carboxyl group. A water-absorbent agent obtained by adding from 0.005 to 8 parts by weight of an epoxy compound to 100 parts by weight of a water-absorbent resin, exhibiting an absorption capacity without load of at least 45 (g/g), an absorption capacity under load of 20 g/cm2 of not less than 30 (ml/g) and having a residue amount of an epoxy compound of not more than 2 ppm. A water-absorbent composition comprises a polyamino acid (salt) and a water-absorbent resin containing a carboxyl group.

Abstract: In a golf ball comprising a core and a cover of plural layers, a cover inner layer is formed primarily of an ionomer resin in admixture with a compound containing at least two reactive functional groups and having a molecular weight of up to 20,000 and a cover outer layer is formed primarily of a non-ionomer resin. The ball is fully durable to repeated impact, and maintains good spin performance, rebound characteristics and feel even after repeated impact.

Abstract: A process is provided for the production of a very low melt viscosity (high melt flow index) polymer resin, suitable for use in spunbond or meltblown processing. According to the process of the current invention, a high melt viscosity (low melt flow index) resin is subjected to post-reactor molecular weight alteration by extrusion with a chemical prodegradant. The process produces a very low melt viscosity resin that can be used in spunbond or meltblown processing without further treatment to reduce the average molecular weight of the resin. Further, the very low melt viscosity resins produced according to the process of the current invention contain very little or no residual prodegradant.

Abstract: A method for preparing a functionalized polymer comprising the steps of preparing a pseudo-living polymer by polymerizing conjugated diene monomer with a lanthanide-based catalyst, and reacting the pseudo-living polymer with at least one functionalizing agent defined by the formula (I) where A is a substituent that will undergo an addition reaction with a pseudo-living polymer, R1 is a divalent organic group, R2 is a monovalent organic group, and each R4, which may be the same or different, is a monovalent organic group or a substituent defined by —OR5 where R5 is a monovalent organic group, with the proviso that A, R1, R2, R4, and R5 are substituents that will not protonate a pseudo-living polymer. Also, the functionalized polymer and a vulcanizable composition containing the polymer.

Abstract: A process for brominating a styrenic polymer in an organic solvent in the presence of an antimony trihalide catalyst such that a reaction mass containing brominated styrenic polymer in an organic phase is formed is improved by mixing hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid, or both, with said reaction mass at least once to extract antimony catalyst residues from said reaction mass as an acidic aqueous phase. Preferably, catalyst residues are recovered from the acidic aqueous phase and still more preferably, recovered antimony trihalide catalyst residues are recycled to constitute at least a portion of the antimony trihalide catalyst used in preparing the brominated styrenic polymer.

Abstract: A powder coating composition comprising at least about 0.1% by weight of a reaction product of an aminoplast and a compound having one carbamate group has improved smoothness.

Abstract: A toner binder for dry toners which comprises a polyester; and a process for producing the toner binder. A known conventional technique for imparting low-temperature fixing property and anti-hot offset property to a toner binder is to use a mixture of two powdery polyesters. However, when the two polyesters mixed differ greatly in softening point, the effect of mixing is not obtained and pigments show poor dispersibility during toner production. The toner binder and the process eliminate these problems. The toner binder comprises aggregates of binder resin particles comprising two polyesters (A) and (B), wherein the polyester (A) has a higher softening point than the polyester (B) and the polyesters (A) and (B) have been evenly mixed in each particle. The process for producing a toner binder is characterized by melt-mixing the two polyesters (A) and (B) at 80 to 180° C. The toner binder is used mainly as an ingredient for dry toners.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an active-hydrogen-containing curing agent having a phosphorus group, and a flame retardant cured epoxy resin which can be prepared via an addition reaction between the active hydrogen and the epoxide group of an epoxy resin. The cured flame retardant epoxy resin is environmentally friendly and is suitable for printed circuit board and semiconductor encapsulation applications. The phosphorus group of the curing agent has a chemical structure as follows: wherein Ar is a substituted or un-substituted phenyl or phenoxy.

Abstract: Apparatus for olefin polymerization includes one or more shell and tube olefin polymerization reactors, each of which has an olefin polymerization reaction mixture inlet connection and a crude polyolefin product outlet connection. Each reactor is equipped with a recirculation system including a pump arranged to circulate a reaction mixture through the tube side of the reactor independently of the introduction of olefin polymerization reaction mixture into the reactor. The apparatus may also include an inlet reaction mixture distribution manifold and an outlet polymerization reaction mixture collection manifold interconnecting the reactors for operation in parallel. The apparatus also includes catalyst composition and catalyst modifier inlets for each reactor arranged such that a catalyst modifier to may be introduced into each reactor at a rate which is independent of the introduction of catalyst composition.

Abstract: Multi-stage process for the polymerization of olefins CH2?CHR, where R is hydrogen or a C1–C10 alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl radical, comprising: (I) a first polymerization stage carried out in the presence of a catalyst comprising the product of the reaction between an alkyl-Al compound and a solid component comprising at least one compound of transition metal M1 not containing M1-? bonds, thus obtaining a porous polymer, (II) a treatment stage, wherein said porous polymer is contacted with a compound capable of deactivating the catalyst used in stage (I) and with a late transition metal complex; and (III) a second stage of polymerization, carried out in the presence of the product obtained from treatment stage (II).

Abstract: The present invention provides a cyclic olefin addition copolymer which has a reactive silyl group having a specific structure, excels in optical transparency, heat resistance, and adhesion, and is capable of producing a crosslinked product having improved dimensional stability, solvent resistance, and chemical resistance. The present invention also provides a process for producing the cyclic olefin addition copolymer, a crosslinking composition, a crosslinked product and a process for producing the same, and an optically transparent material (transparent resin film) comprising the cyclic olefin addition copolymer. The optically transparent material excels in optical transparency and heat resistance, exhibits improved dimensional stability, adhesion, solvent resistance, and chemical resistance, and is capable of improving fragility and preventing occurrence of cracks in the film.

Abstract: A method for producing a magnetic particle forming a magnetic material for absorbing electromagnetic waves comprises the steps of mixing an organometallic complex or a metal salt with a chain polymer and dissolving the mixture in a solvent (step S1); raising the temperature of the mixture to reaction temperature (step S2), carrying out a reaction at the reaction temperature (step S3); and forming the magnetic particle having a structure that the periphery of each fine particle formed from the organometallic complex or the metal salt is surrounded by the chain polymer and recovering the formed magnetic particle after the reaction (step S4). The magnetic particle has a nanogranular structure to become a magnetic material for absorbing electromagnetic waves. Such a magnetic particle is produced by a wet reaction. Thus, a larger amount of magnetic particle can be produced by one reaction.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an emulsion polymerization process that comprises: (1) preparing an aqueous polymerization medium which is comprised of (a) at least one monomer, (b) a polymerization control agent, and an emulsifier, wherein the emulsifier is prepared in-situ within the aqueous polymerization medium; and (2) initiating polymerization of said monomer within the aqueous polymerization medium.

Abstract: The present invention provides synthetic polyisoprenes having a high cis-1,4 linkage content and a process for their preparation. The synthetic polyisoprenes according to the invention have a cis-1,4 linkage content, measured by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and/or medium-wave infrared radiation analysis, of greater than 99.0%. The process for the preparation of these synthetic polyisoprenes involve polymerizing, at a temperature of 0° C. or lower, isoprene in the presence of a catalytic system based on: a) a conjugated diene monomer, b) an organic phosphoric acid salt of one or more rare earth, c) an alkylaluminium alkylating agent of the formula AlR3 or HAlR2, and d) a halogen donor consisting of an alkylaluminium halide, wherein the salt is suspended in at least one inert, saturated aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon solvent and the alkylating agent:rare earth salt molar ratio ranges from 1 to 5.

Abstract: Improved thermoplastic polymer blend compositions comprising an isotactic polypropylene component and an alpha-olefin and propylene copolymer component, said copolymer comprising crystallizable alpha-olefin sequences. In a preferred embodiment, improved thermoplastic polymer blends are provided comprising from about 35% to about 85% isotactic polypropylene and from about 30% to about 70% of an ethylene and propylene copolymer, wherein said copolymer comprises isotactically crystallizable propylene sequences and is predominately propylene. The resultant blends manifest unexpected compatibility characteristics, increased tensile strength, and improved process characteristics, e.g., a single melting point.

Abstract: Improved thermoplastic polymer blend compositions comprising an isotactic polypropylene component and an alpha-olefin and propylene copolymer component, said copolymer comprising crystallizable alpha-olefin sequences. In a preferred embodiment, improved thermoplastic polymer blends are provided comprising from about 35% to about 85% isotactic polypropylene and from about 30% to about 70% of an ethylene and propylene copolymer, wherein said copolymer comprises isotactically crystallizable propylene sequences and is predominately propylene. The resultant blends manifest unexpected compatibility characteristics, increased tensile strength, and improved process characteristics, e.g., a single melting point.

Abstract: Improved thermoplastic polymer blend compositions comprising an isotactic polypropylene component and an alpha-olefin and propylene copolymer component, said copolymer comprising crystallizable alpha-olefin sequences. In a preferred embodiment, improved thermoplastic polymer blends are provided comprising from about 35% to about 85% isotactic polypropylene and from about 30% to about 70% of an ethylene and propylene copolymer, wherein said copolymer comprises isotactically crystallizable propylene sequences and is predominately propylene. The resultant blends manifest unexpected compatibility characteristics, increased tensile strength, and improved process characteristics, e.g., a single melting point.

Abstract: Cationic polyurethanes and polyureas formed from (a) at least one diisocyanate or reaction product thereof with one or more compounds containing two or more active hydrogen atoms per molecule, and (b) at least one diol, primary or secondary amino alcohol, primary or secondary diamine or primary or secondary triamine each with one or more tertiary, quaternary or protonated tertiary amine nitrogen atoms and having a glass transition temperature of at least 25° C. and an amine number of from 50 to 200, based on the non-quaternized or -protonated compounds, or other salts of these polyurethanes and polyureas, are useful as ingredients of cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations.

Abstract: Optically transparent, relatively high refractive index polymeric compositions and ophthalmic devices such as intraocular lenses, corneal inlays and contact lenses made therefrom are described herein. The preferred polymeric compositions are produced through the polymerization of one or more aromatic-based siloxane macromonomers or the copolymerization of one or more aromatic-based siloxane macromonomers with one or more non-siloxy aromatic-based monomers, non-aromatic-based hydrophobic monomers or non-aromatic-based hydrophilic monomers.

Abstract: A curative blend for a thermosetting polyurethane material that allows for a polyurethane material with greater durability is disclosed herein. The curative blend is composed of 4,4?-methylenebis-(2,6-diethyl)-aniline and a second curing agent selected from the group consisting of N,N?-bis-alkyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N?-dialkylamino-diphenylmethane with tetrapropoxylated ethylenediamine and an aliphatic diamine. A preferred polyurethane prepolymer is polytetramethylene ether glycol terminated toluene diisocyanate prepolymer. The thermosetting polyurethane is preferably utilized as a cover for a golf ball. The cover is preferably formed over a core and boundary layer.