Abstract: The invention provides methods of increasing yields of desired conformation of proteins. In particular embodiments, the invention includes contacting preparations of a recombinant protein with a reduction/oxidation coupling reagent for a time sufficient to increase the relative proportion of a desired configurational isomer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel polypeptides and to nucleic acid molecules encoding those polypeptides. Also provided herein are vectors and host cells comprising those nucleic acid sequences, chimeric polypeptide molecules comprising the polypeptides of the present invention fused to heterologous polypeptide sequences, antibodies which bind to the polypeptides of the present invention and to methods for producing the polypeptides of the present invention.

Abstract: Homogeneous preparations of IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29 have been produced by mutating one or more of the cysteine residues in the polynucleotide sequences encoding the mature proteins. The cysteine mutant proteins can be shown to either bind to their cognate receptor or exhibit biological activity. One type of biological activity that is shown is an antiviral activity.

Abstract: The present invention provides hapten derivatives useful for the preparation of antigens, antibodies and reagents for use in immunoassays for the detection of LSD and 2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD. In the present invention, the 2-oxy LSD nucleus is derivatized out of the indole nitrogen to form an aminoalkyl derivative. The resulting haptens can then be further modified at this functionalized position for linking to appropriate immunogenic or labeling groups to provide reagents for immunoassays having substantially equal specificity for both LSD and 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD.

Abstract: Activated haptens useful for generating immunogens to the HIV protease inhibitor atazanavir, immunogens useful for producing antibodies to atazanavir, and antibodies and labeled conjugates useful in immunoassays for determination of atazanavir. The haptens feature an activated functionality at the central, non-terminal hydroxyl group.

Abstract: A process for producing recombinant anti-botulinum toxin antibody comprising the steps of fermenting recombinant E. Coli cells in broth, concentrating the cells by removing the broth, crushing the concentrated cells, separating a permeate derived from the crushed cells from cell debris, purifying a recombinant antibotulinum antibody (Fab) from said permeate, and separating said Fab from impurities by diafiltration.

Abstract: The present invention relates to organic solvent soluble dyes. In particular, the invention relates to an organic solvent soluble metal complex azo dyes containing chelated metal atoms.

Abstract: The invention provides a unique set of nucleic acid sequences which is appropriate for use for a wide variety of applications requiring nucleic acid tags. As such, the sequence tags of the presently claimed invention may be used, for example, to label biological and nonbiological materials, in genotyping applications and in a variety of other analyses.

Abstract: Nucleic acid compositions encoding Stichodactylidaen chromoproteins and fluorescent mutants thereof. The proteins of interest are proteins that are colored and/or fluorescent, where this feature arises from the interaction of two or more residues of the protein. Also of interest are proteins that are substantially similar to, or mutants of, the above specific proteins, including non-aggregating mutants and mutants with modulated oligomerization characteristics as compared to wild type. Also provided are fragments of the nucleic acids and the peptides encoded thereby, as well as antibodies to the subject proteins and transgenic cells and organisms. The subject protein and nucleic acid compositions find use in a variety of different applications. Finally, kits for use in such applications, e.g., that include the subject nucleic acid compositions, are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to variant fluorescent proteins, and more specifically to monomeric and dimeric forms of Anthozoan fluorescent proteins. In one aspect, the present invention provides variants of fluorescent proteins, where the variants have a reduced propensity to tetramerize, and form dimeric or monomeric structures. The invention also relates to methods of making and using such fluorescent protein monomers and dimers.

Abstract: A screening tool and a screening method for a therapeutic agent for type II diabetes, particularly an agent for alleviating insulin resistance are disclosed. A novel polypeptide, a polynucleotide, a vector, a promoter, and a transformant which are useful in the screening tool and the screening method, are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides isolated nucleic acids encoding full-length human estrogen receptor-? (hER?), which comprises 530 amino acids. The invention also provides isolated hER? polypeptides and hER?-reactive antibodies, including those that specifically recognize amino acids 1–45 of hER?. The invention also encompasses methods for identifying hER?-interactive compounds, including agonists, antagonists, and co-activators.

Abstract: An isolated mammalian DNA molecule encoding a mutant ?-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor subunit, wherein a mutation event selected from the group consisting of point mutations, deletions, insertions and rearrangements has occurred and said mutation event disrupts the functioning of an assembled GABA receptor, or an otherwise functional fragment or homologue thereof.

Abstract: An isolated nucleic acid containing a human ribonucleotide reductase M2 subunit promoter sequence or genomic sequence. Also disclosed are methods of determining whether a subject is suffering from or at risk for developing a cell proliferation-associated disorder, identifying a compound for treating a cell proliferation-associated disorder, treating a cell proliferation-associated disorder, and developing a procedure for treating a cell proliferation-associated disorder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chimeric regulatory sequence with hepatoma cell specificity. The chimeric regulatory sequence includes a proximal regulatory sequence and a distal enhancer of 5? flanking region of human ?-fetoprotein (AFP) gene.

Abstract: Novel energy transfer dyes which can be used with shorter wavelength light sources are provided. These dyes include a donor dye with an absorption maxima at a wavelength between about 250 to 450 nm and an acceptor dye which is capable of absorbing energy emitted from the donor dye. One of the energy transfer dyes has a donor dye which is a member of a class of dyes having a coumarin or pyrene ring structure and an acceptor dye which is capable of absorbing energy emitted from the donor dye, wherein the donor dye has an absorption maxima between about 250 and 450 nm and the acceptor dye has an emission maxima at a wavelength greater than about 500 nm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a hydrophobic starch, comprising etherification, esterification or amidation of a root or tuber starch comprising at least 95 wt. % of amylopectin, based on dry substance of the starch, or a derivative thereof, with a substituent comprising an alkyl chain having from 4–24 carbon atoms. The invention further relates to a hydrophobic starch obtainable by said process.

Abstract: A chlorinated azetidinone derivative expressed by Formula (1) and an alcoholate are allowed to react in a solvent containing at least one of alcohols and an ether at a pH of 8 or less. Thus a 3-chloromethyl-3-cephem derivative expressed by Formula (2) is prepared. In the formulas, R1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic residue, and R2 and R3 each represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group.

Abstract: Substrates for ?-lactamase of the general formula I in which one of X and Y is a fluorescent donor moiety and the other is a quencher (which may or may not re-emit); R? is selected from the group consisting of H, lower (i.e., alkyl of 1 to about 5 carbon atoms) and (CH2)nOH, in which n is 0 or an integer from 1 to 5; R? is selected from the group consisting of H, physiologically acceptable metal and ammonium cations, —CHR2OCO(CH2)nCH3, —CHR2OCOC(CH3)3, acylthiomethyl, acyloxy-alpha-benzyl, delta-butyrolactonyl, methoxycarbonyloxymethyl, phenyl, methylsulphinylmethyl, beta-morpholinoethyl, dialkylaminoethyl, acyloxyalkyl, dialkylaminocarbonyloxymethyl and aliphatic, in which R2 is selected from the group consisting of H and lower alkyl; A is selected from the group consisting of S, O, SO, SO2 and CH2; and Z? and Z? are linkers for the fluorescent donor and quencher moieties.

Abstract: High purity cefdinir is prepared in a high yield by a process comprising the steps of: treating a crystalline salt of a cefdinir intermediate with a formic acid-sulfuric acid mixture or a formic acid-methanesulfonic acid mixture to obtain a crystalline salt of cefdinir and reacting the crystalline salt with a base in a solvent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 5-sulfonamido substituted indolinones that modulate the activity of protein kinases (“PKs”). The compounds of this invention are therefore useful in treating disorders related to abnormal PK activity. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds, methods of treating diseases utilizing pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and methods of preparing them are also disclosed.

Abstract: Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) antagonists of Formula (I): and its use in treating anxiety, depression, and other psychiatric, neurological disorders as well as treatment of immunological, cardiovascular or heart-related diseases and colonic hypersensitivity associated with psychopathological disturbance and stress.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing the pyridine compound [d]: [wherein R3 and R4 are as defined below], which has an excellent herbicidal activity, by making a pyridine compound [a]: [wherein R1 represents a C1–C6 alkoxy group, R3 represents a halogen atom, cyano group or nitro group, and R4 represents a hydrogen atom or halogen atom] react with an ?-diazoester compound [f]: N2CHCOR1[f] [wherein R1 is defined above] in the presence of an acid.

Abstract: Aminopyrimidine and aminopyridine (I) compounds, compositions and methods useful in the treatment of inflammatory, metabolic or malignant conditions, are provided herein

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel antiobesity and hypocholesterolemic compounds, their derivatives, their analogs, their tautomeric forms, their stereoisomers, their polymorphs, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions containing them. More particularly, the present invention relates to novel ?-aryl-?-oxysubstituted alkylcarboxylic acids of the general formula (I), their derivatives, their analogs, their tautomeric forms, their stereoisomers, their polymorphs, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions containing them.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of treating or preventing migraine comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a selective iGluR5 receptor antagonist. The present invention further provides novel compounds functional as selective iGluR5 receptor antagonists as well as compositions and formulations comprising said selective iGluR5 receptor antagonists.

Abstract: A process for producing 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid having a significantly decreased heavy metal content and capable of satisfying the purity level required for medicinal and agricultural chemicals comprising the steps of: adding at least one sulfur-containing substance selected from a hydrosulfide, a sulfide, a polysulfide, and sulfur to an aqueous solution of 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid or its salt; removing the resulting precipitates from the solution; acidifying the solution with a mineral acid to precipitate 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid; and recovering the precipitates. The aqueous solution to be treated may be an aqueous solution of an alkali metal salt of 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid obtained by alkali decomposition of 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid copper (II) salt, which has been formed or precipitated in a process for producing 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound represented by the formula (I) wherein R1 is a group represented by the formula wherein R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a C1-6 alkyl, or a salt thereof. The compound of the present invention is useful as an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of circulatory diseases such as hypertension and the like and metabolic diseases such as diabetes and the like.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) where R5, R6a, each X, L, Cy and Lp are as defined in the specification, are tryptase inhibitors useful as antiinflammatory agents.

Abstract: Benzotriazole UV absorbers substituted with a ultra long ester or amide moiety wherein the ester or amide group is a hydrocarbyl group of 25 to 100 carbon atoms or is a group of alkyl of 25 to 100 carbon atoms interrupted by 5 to 39 oxygen atoms and terminated with an omega-OH or an omega-OR group exhibit excellent stabilization efficacy while they concomitantly do not bloom when incorporated into polyolefin films. These benzotriazole UV absorbers also provide excellent protection to white, dyed, dipped, unscented and/or scented candle wax from discoloration and degradation.

Abstract: The invention is based on the discovery that a remarkable improvement in the performance of bismaleimide thermosets can be achieved through the incorporation of an imide-extended liquid bismaleimide monomer. This imide-extended liquid bismaleimide monomer is readily prepared by the condensation of an appropriate dianhydride with two equivalents of an appropriate diamine to give an amine terminated compound. This compound is then condensed with an excess of maleic anhydride to yield an imide-extended liquid bismaleimide monomer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions of matter that are useful as ionic liquids. The compositions of the invention are based on an N-substituted pyrrolidinone, said pyrrolidinone having a pendant ammonium cation that is separated from the pyrrolidone ring by a variable length alkyl spacer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a one-step process for the preparation of fructopyranose sulfamate derivatives of the general formula (I) wherein X, R1, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are as described in the specification.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new and effective process for the synthesis of 17-phenyl-18,19,20-trinor-PGF2? and its derivatives, including the anti-glaucoma drugs Bimatoprost and Latanoprost. The benefit of the present invention rises inter alia from the fact that a major intermediate involved in the synthesis of the above compounds may be isolated from a mixture containing also an undesired isomer, by crystallization. In addition, the undesired isomer may be oxidized to give the starting compound, which is then recycled.

Abstract: Metallocenes and catalyst systems for olefin polymerization derived therefrom. The metallocenes may be represented by the formula: wherein M1 preferably is zirconium or hafnium; and R5 is different from hydrogen.

Abstract: A method for producing ferrocene and other organometallic compounds of cyclopentadiene is disclosed. Dry iron chloride (or other selected metal salt) is added to a solution of cyclopentadiene, diethylamine, potassium and dibenzo-18-crown-6 ether in a cooled flask under a dry nitrogen atmosphere. The solution is mixed vigorously for a few hours and any excess diethylamine is evaporated. Ferrocene (or other organometallic compounds of cyclopentadiene) is extracted from the residue using petroleum ether, and any solvent is removed.

Abstract: A fuel additive containing ferrous picrate produced by a process involving placing a non-powdered metallic iron, such as wire composed of an alloy of iron or steel wool, in any solution of picric acid in a solvent that is known in the art for reacting with iron to produce ferrous picrate. The wire can be suspended in the solution or placed upon the bottom of a reaction vessel that holds the solution. Preferably the wire is loosely coiled, at least when placed upon the bottom of a reaction vessel.

Abstract: An antidepressant comprising, as an active ingredient, a compound having an antagonistic effect on group II metabotropic glutamate receptors, as well as a 2-amino-3-alkoxy-6-fluoro-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid derivative of Formula [I]: [wherein R1 and R2, which may be the same or different, each represent a hydroxyl group, a C1-10 alkoxy group, etc.; R3 represents a C1-10 acyl group, a C1-6 alkoxy-C1-6 acyl group, etc.; and R4 and R5, which may be the same or different, each represent a hydrogen atom, a C1-10 alkyl group, etc.] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof.

Abstract: According to one embodiment the invention concerns a process for a degradation of an epothilone C or a epothilone D, wherein an epothilone C or epothilone D is subjected to an olefin metathesis in the presence of ethylene and subsequently an optional ester hydrolysis.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds which inhibit serine protease activity of matriptase or MTSP1. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising those compounds and methods of using the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions to treat conditions ameliorated by inhibition of matriptase or MTSP1.

Abstract: In a process for heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas phase oxidation of acrolein to acrylic acid, the starting reaction gas mixture is oxidized over a fixed catalyst bed 1 which consists of at least two fixed catalyst bed zones and is accommodated in two successive temperature zones A, B, and the transition from temperature zone A to temperature zone B does not coincide with a transition from one fixed catalyst bed zone to another fixed catalyst bed zone.

Abstract: A process prepares an aqueous alkali metal acrylate solution by distillatively removing acrylic acid from a mixture as vapors and taking up the vapors immediately from the gas phase into an aqueous alkali solution.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of producing ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid of formula (3) wherein R1 denotes a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an alkenyl group or an alkynyl group, which method comprises reacting a carboxylic acid of formula (1) wherein R1 denotes the same as the above, or carboxylic anhydride of formula (2) wherein R1 denotes the same as the above, with a methylenating agent in a presence of a catalyst containing metal of Group 13 of the Periodic Table of Elements in the amount of not more than 5 weight %.

Abstract: A process for preparing (per)fluorohalogenethers containing the —SO2F group, having general formula (I): FSO2—R—CF2OCAF—CA?F2??(I) wherein: A and A?, equal to or different from each other, are Cl or Br; R has the following meanings: a (per)fluorinated, preferably perfluorinated, substituent, optionally containing one or more oxygen atoms; by reaction of carbonyl compounds having formula (II): FSO2—R—COF??(II) wherein R is as above; in liquid phase with elemental fluorine and with olefinic compounds having formula (III): CAF?CA?F??(III) wherein A and A? are as above, operating at temperatures from ?120° C. to ?20° C., optionally in the presence of a solvent inert under the reaction conditions.

Abstract: Compounds of the formulae wherein Z is —OR1, —SR1, —NR1R2, Y is —OR3, —SR3, or —NR3R4, at least one of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 is hydrogen, at least one of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 is other than hydrogen, at least one Z or Y within the compound is —NR1R2 or —NR3R4, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, and R7 each, independently of the others, is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl, and wherein R7 can also be alkoxy, aryloxy, arylalkyloxy, alkylaryloxy, polyalkyleneoxy, polyaryleneoxy, polyarylalkyleneoxy, polyalkylaryleneoxy, silyl, siloxane, polysilylene, polysiloxane, or wherein X is a direct bond, oxygen, sulfur, —NR40— wherein R40 is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, or —CR50R60— wherein R50 and R60 each, independently of the other, is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl.

Abstract: The method of separating reversibly thermally precipitable oligomeric N-substituted (meth)acrylamides and conjugates thereof from aqueous solution includes thermally precipitating the oligomeric N-substituted (meth)acrylamides and the conjugates thereof from an aqueous solution in the presence of at least one salt and then filtering in the presence of at least one filter aid. The filter aid has a wet density of 0.2–0.3 g/cc and comprises?99% cellulose with fiber lengths<75 ?m (99%) and=?m (65%). The salt can be a potassium, sodium, ammonium, calcium and/or magnesium chloride, acetate and/or sulfate salt and can be present in the aqueous solution in a concentration between 0.01 M and 3 M.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds and derivatives thereof, their synthesis, and their use as estrogen receptor modulators. The compounds of the instant invention are ligands for estrogen receptors and as such may be useful for treatment or prevention of a variety of conditions related to estrogen functioning including: bone loss, bone fractures, osteoporosis, cartilage degeneration, endometriosis, uterine fibroid disease, hot flashes, increased levels of LDL cholesterol, cardiovascular disease, impairment of cognitive functioning, cerebral degenerative disorders, restenosis, gynecomastia, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, obesity, incontinence, and cancer, in particular of the breast, uterus and prostate.

Abstract: 4-aminodiphenylamine is prepared by reacting carbanilide and nitrobenzene in an adequate solvent, which may be nitrobenzene, in the presence of an appropriate organic base, which may be tetramethylammonium hydroxide, alone or in mixture with an inorganic base and subsequently reducing the reaction product in the presence of an appropriate catalyst and hydrogen gas. The subsequent reduction may be carried out on the reaction mixture before the reaction mixture is subjected to separation.

Abstract: The process for producing an amino composition of the present invention by addition reaction of a polyamine with an alkenyl group-containing compound wherein said polyamine is reacted preliminarily with a strongly basic catalyst to produce a reaction mixture comprising a reaction intermediate and then an alkenyl group-containing compound is added to the reaction mixture to proceed the addition reaction provides an amino composition having stable properties.

Abstract: A process of manufacture of polytrimethylene ether glycol comprising: (a) polycondensing reactant comprising diol selected from the group consisting of 1,3-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol dimer and 1,3-propanediol trimer or mixtures thereof in the presence of acid polycondensation catalyst to form polytrimethylene ether glycol; (b) adding water to the polytrimethylene ether glycol to form an aqueous mixture; (c) heating the aqueous mixture to hydrolyze acid esters formed during the acid catalyzed polycondensation; (d) adding to the hydrolyzed aqueous mixture organic solvent that is miscible with polytrimethylene ether glycol to form (i) organic phase containing the polytrimethylene ether glycol and residual acid polycondensation catalyst from the polycondensing and (ii) aqueous phase; (e) separating the aqueous phase and the organic phase; (f) adding base to the separated organic phase to neutralize the residual acid polycondensation catalyst by forming salts of the residual acid polycondensation catalyst; (g