Abstract: This invention relates to a reproduced signal evaluation method of evaluating a reproduced signal reproduced from an information recording medium in which information composed of a plurality of codes differing in length is recorded and evaluates the reproduced signal on the basis of the reproduced signal of the next shortest code after the shortest code reproduced from the information recording medium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a disk recording medium such as a CD or a DVD in which data is recorded in high-density, and method and apparatus for reproducing data recorded in the high-density disk recording medium. The data reproducing method and apparatus according to the present invention converts a high-frequency signal reproduced from the disk into a plurality of binary signals through comparing the reproduced signal with two or more slicing levels which are different each other, selects one of the plurality of binary signals or a periodic pulse signal based on the difference magnitude between the plurality of binary signals, synchronizes a reference clock with the selected signal, and restores the selected signal into bit stream using the synchronized reference clock.

Abstract: A recording medium comprising a recording area, the recording area includes a first area and a second area, the first area includes a frame area, the frame area includes an area in which a second synchronization code sequence and at least a portion of data are to be recorded, and the second area includes an area in which a third synchronization code sequence and a fourth synchronization code sequence are to be recorded.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting and correcting a relative address on an optical storage medium, includes a relative address detector which reads relative addresses recorded on the optical storage medium, a relative address continuity detector which checks whether the number of continuances between the relative addresses output from the relative address detector is at least a predetermined number N, and a relative address corrector which forcibly corrects a current relative address that is not consecutive to a previous relative address and outputs the corrected relative address, after the relative address continuity detector determines that the number of continuances between the relative addresses is at least the predetermined number N.

Abstract: A write-once or rewritable multilayer optical recording medium according to the present invention includes an L1 recording layer and an L0 recording layer, in which data recording areas for recording data are respectively formed, laminated on one surface of a base, wherein a read-in area for recording the data management information of all the data recorded in the respective data recording areas of the L1 recording layer and the L0 recording layer is formed only in the L0 recording layer. This means that the data management information of all the data can be read out quickly by simply accessing the L0 recording layer and the recording and reading of the data can be executed quickly and easily.

Abstract: An optical pick-up apparatus has a first light source, a second light source, and an optical system including an objective lens. An optical functional surface of the objective lens is divided into at least first and second concentric optical functional regions. The second functional region is provided with a diffractive structure to correct a spherical aberration of a converged light spot on an information recording plane to be regulated in a range where reproduction and/or recording information for a first optical information recording medium can be conducted when the refractive index of the optical element and the wavelength of the first light source vary due to a change of the working temperature of the optical system.

Abstract: An optical system for an optical head of an optical disc drive is capable of using first and second discs, protective layer of the second disc being thicker than that of the first disc, a data density of the second disc being lower than that of the first disc. A light source selectively emits first and second laser beams having first and second wavelengths, respectively. An objective lens converges the first and second beams on the first and second discs, respectively. The second beam is incident on the objective lens as diverging light, and the first beam is incident on the objective lens as a beam of which degree of divergence is smaller. A diffraction lens structure is formed in the high NA exclusive area, which compensates for aberrations of a portion of the first laser beam, and causes aberrations to a portion of the second laser beam passed therethrough.

Abstract: The present invention realizes a compact and thin light-receiving device in a simple configuration, and provides a compact optical head on which this light-receiving device is mounted. The light-receiving device for receiving light reflected from an information recording medium includes a light-receiving chip having a plurality of electrodes and a flexible wiring board on which the light-receiving chip is mounted and fixed. The plurality of electrodes are connected electrically to the flexible wiring board by attaching directly or via a metal wire.

Abstract: A near-field optical apparatus having one or more solid state lasers and an aerodynamically shaped slider which comprise a single integrated, monolithic device fabricated from the same base semiconductor material. The monolithic optical head can be quickly and easily attached to the read arm of an optical read/write device without requiring attachment of separate laser elements, and without micropositioning or use of optical microscopy for positioning the lasers. The optical head comprising a single semiconductor substrate including a first region which defines a slider having an air bearing surface, and at least one second, laser region which defines a diode laser, with the diode laser having an emission face which is substantially co-planar with the air bearing surface.

Abstract: The invention refers to a device and a method for scanning an optical data carrier by means of a main scanning beam being reflected by the data carrier and being detected by means of a photodetector, the data carrier having first and second layers to be scanned, the second layer being scanned through the first layer, light passing the first layer being shaded dependent on local properties of the first layer. An object of the invention is to propose a device having increased performance even for use with multi layer disks having a layer causing light fluctuations on a layer to be scanned, as well as a respective method. According to the invention such device is provided with means for keeping an output signal of the photodetector independent of variations of shading.

Abstract: A record carrier has a servo track (4) indicating an information track (9) intended for recording information blocks. The servo track (4) has a periodic variation of a physical parameter at a predetermined frequency and modulated parts for encoding position information at regular intervals. The modulated parts start with a bit sync element and are of a data type having a data bit element or of a word sync type having a word sync element. The bit sync element, word sync element and the data bit element being modulated according to a same predetermined type of modulation of the periodic variation. All distances between two adjacent of the elements constituting the modulated parts are unique.

Abstract: A transmitting/receiving apparatus includes a packet construction section for dividing continuous data into a plurality of subpackets, and constructing a packet by concatenating the plurality of subpackets; a modulation transmission section for modulating the constructed packet, and transmitting the modulated packet to another apparatus; a training session execution section for checking channel conditions, when a predetermined condition is satisfied, and changing a modulation rule; and a subpacket transmission confirmation section for confirming whether or not a subpacket included in the transmitted packet is transmitted successfully to the transmission destination apparatus.

Abstract: An IS-OFDM system for point-to-point wireless communications that suppresses narrow-band interference comprises an IS-OFDM transmitter and an IS-OFDM receiver, wherein a transmitted signal comprises a plurality of subcarriers, and further wherein each subcarrier contains more than one and potentially all symbols transmitted in a given frame. The IS-OFDM transmited signal is at a data rate that is equal to the data rate of the input data stream via the use of P/S converters.

Abstract: Influence from an adjacent signal is prevented even if a guard band is not provided. A phase comparison unit 21 compares a reference window signal input to a PLL circuit 4 and a window signal supplied from a frequency division circuit 22 and outputs the comparison result to an LPF 23. The LPF 23 extracts a low frequency component from the input signal and outputs the same to a voltage controlled oscillator 24. The signal output from the voltage controlled oscillator 24 is supplied as a clock to units of an OFDM modulation circuit 2 and, at the same time, supplied to the frequency division circuit 22. The frequency division circuit 22 divides the frequency of the supplied signal to thereby generate a new window signal and supplies the same to an IFFT unit 13. Further, the generated window signal is supplied to a PLL circuit 5. The PLL circuit 5 generates a clock for controlling a frequency modulation circuit 3 based on the supplied window signal.

Abstract: A received signal is converted into a digital signal through an A/D converter and then converted into the polar coordinate system. A synchronizer removes a frequency offset from the digital signal, the digital signal is again converted into an orthogonal coordinate system and a fast fourier transform is performed with a FFT. The digital signal is again converted into the polar coordinate system. An equalizer and a phase compensator compensate respectively a channel distortion and a phase error to the digital signal. Thus, the OFDM receiver using polar coordinate system and method thereof of the present invention can reduce the number of adders and multipliers required in a frequency synchronization, a compensation for channel influence, and a removal of remaining phase error by processing the signal in the polar coordinate system, thereby simplifying the calculation process and the receiver.

Abstract: A data communication apparatus having a plurality of working ports for exchanging data traffic with network elements and a plurality of protection ports. The data communication apparatus further includes at least one protection switching functional element operative to perform a plurality of protection switching processes in parallel for switching data traffic from failed working ports to respective protection ports.

Abstract: A communication network using a ring structure incorporates shared protection channels (22ab, 22bc, 22bd) to reduce costs in implementing protection spans. The shared protection network elements (12a, 12b, 12c, 12d) use a protocol of conventional messaging to integrate with traditional fully redundant network elements.

Abstract: A method that limits data flow between two network nodes to an amount within a window where a first portion of data within a first segment of the window is separated from a second portion of data within a second segment of the window by a third portion of data not within the window.

Abstract: A feedback output queuing system, apparatus, and method controls the rate at which packets are forwarded from the ingress ports to a particular output queue over the switching/routing fabric based upon the level of congestion at the output queue. The output queue is monitored and the level of congestion at the output queue is determined based upon a predetermined congestion determination mechanism. An ingress forwarding scheme is determined based upon the level of congestion at the output queue. Information is forwarded from the ingress ports to the output queue based upon the ingress forwarding scheme.

Abstract: The present invention proposes a method for predicting a fill-up level of a buffer in an ATM network element, wherein for a respective one of at least one ongoing transmission connection (T1, . . . Ti, . . . Tn) via said ATM network element (ATM_NWE), cells (C1, . . . , Ci, . . . , Cn) are input to said buffer (BUF) with a respective input cell rate, and said ATM network element outputs said cells at a predetermined output cell rate; comprising the steps of: measuring a momentary fill-up level of said buffer after each respective time interval (A), determining a slope of the fill-up level of said buffer for the immediately preceding time interval, and estimating the fill-up level of said buffer to be reached after the subsequent time interval based on said slope of the fill-up level for the immediately preceding time interval.

Abstract: A communication system includes a forward link from a base station to multiple mobile units, the forward link having multiple shared channels (SHCH's), multiple shared control channels (SHCCH's), and multiple dedicated pointer control channels (DPTRCH's), and utilizes HARQ error control for error detection and error correction. The mobile unit, when listening to the DPTRCH, uses a SHCCH pointed to by the DPTRCH to demodulate and decode data on the SHCH. Throughput problems may arise in the system when the mobile unit combines and decodes the wrong SHCH data, that is, SHCH data that is intended for a different mobile unit, or may incorrectly decodes SHCH data that is intended for the mobile unit. In order to improve the data throughput of the system, the systems employs a flush test and an energy detector test to prevent improperly decoded data blocks from corrupting properly decoded data blocks.

Abstract: The disclosed communication node has a function for recognizing one communication node on the first network as one of constituent elements in own communication node, and a function for disclosing an own configuration information regarding the constituent elements as recognized above, to another communication node on the second network. Also, the disclosed communication terminal has a function for disclosing functions in the own communication terminal as Sub Units in an AV/C (Audio/Visual Control) protocol executed on an IEEE 1394 bus, and a function for receiving at least a part of information regarding Sub Units existing in the communication node on the second network with which it is communicating.

Abstract: A novel topology sensing methodology is provided for point-to-point link setup among a set of network nodes, which are mobile. The technique provided is TDMA contention-based, where each network node sends pilot signals to announce its existence. Pilot signals transmitted by network nodes are used by surrounding nodes to extract various pieces of information such as node identity, node location and potential link quality. Information collected from pilot signals of neighboring nodes is used in conjunction with other topological criteria to identify the best set of nodes with which a given node should establish links. The topology sensing methodology avoids duplexer problems and attempts to achieve minimum collision by allowing the nodes to continually monitor available pilots and transmit on the least-interference channels.

Abstract: A method for providing a subnet identifier to a client node joining into the subnet includes communication modules in host and client nodes. In the host node, the communication module includes identifier storing means; mode setup means for setting up a response mode; response means for determining whether to respond according to the setup response mode upon receipt of an identifier request signal; a transceiver; condition input means selectively activated according to the setup response mode for inputting a node identifier; and condition determining means for comparing the node identifier included in the received identifier request signal with the node identifier inputted by the condition input means. In the client node, a communication module includes identifier generating means; a transceiver; a determining means for determining whether the data received through the transceiver is a response signal to its broadcasted identifier request signal; and an identifier storing means.

Abstract: A system and method for network routing is provided where significant (those that impact optimal network routes) state changes of network components are considered. A set of optimal communication paths are generated for a number of actual and potential component failure scenarios. An optimal communication path is generated for each failure scenario. In addition, a method that enables continued communication using intermediate routing points and routing update propagation during periods of network non-convergence or congestion is disclosed.

Abstract: A multimedia terminal for telephony based on the ITU-T Standard H.323 sets up multipoint connections to a plurality of other terminals. The multimedia terminal has a controller for processing signaling information for point-to-multipoint connections and has a mixer for mixing datastreams originating at the terminals involved in the multipoint connection and for providing datastream mixtures to these terminals.

Abstract: One or more nodes on a communication network are selected and set as one node group. In each of the nodes, group identification information representing the node group to which the node belongs is stored in advance. The group identification information is attached to the header of a data packet to be transmitted, so that nodes constituting a node group that should commonly receive data can be readily identified by comparing the group identification information imparted to the transmitted data packet and the group identification information stored in each receiving node. Given node can choose to become a node of a particular function, such as a clock master node, in which case control is performed to delete, from the node group, a node having so far played the role of the node of the particular function in such a manner that there exists only one node of the particular function per node group.

Abstract: In TDMA systems it is possible to transmit data on more than one consecutive slot per frame. This introduces increased workloads on the power amplifier of the transmitter of the mobile station. To prevent the power amplifier from overheating, temperature sensing means are incorporated into the mobile station which output to a control system comprising a comparator and feedback means which together regulate the operation of the transmitter if the power amplifier approaches or exceeds it upper rated operating value. Thereby preventing the power amplifier from damage.

Abstract: Power control apparatus, and an associated method, for controlling communication signals generated during operation of a communication system, such as an IS-953G cellular communication system. Determinations are made as to whether a communication channel upon which communication signals are transmitted exhibits a deep fade condition. If a determination of a deep fade condition is made, power control is effectuated to reduce the power levels of communication signals subsequently transmitted on the communication channel.

Abstract: Apparatus, and associated method, converts real-time multimedia information generated pursuant to an RTP protocol into a form amenable for transmission upon a radio channel, such as a radio channel defined in a cellular communication system. When converted, the informational content of the multimedia information is transmitted in a manner that achieves spectral efficiency and low, constant delay. Once transmitted over the radio channel, the multimedia information is converted back into form corresponding to the RTP protocol before being sent to the receiving station.

Abstract: A method for load balancing in a telecommunications system supporting Mobile IP, the system including at least one mobile node and at least one home agent. The home agent mainly supporting the mobility of the mobile node is defined as the primary home agent and one or more secondary home agents are added to the telecommunications system. Packets destined for the mobile node are transmitted, when needed, via one or more secondary home agents.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present invention comprises transmitting a broadcast burst in a broadcast channel from a base station of a radio communications system. The invention further comprises receiving a request burst from a user terminal, and transmitting a message burst from the base station to the user terminal from which the request was received. The message burst includes a description of the channels available on the radio communications system for receiving messages from user terminals.

Abstract: The present invention, generally speaking, provides for true multi-mode operation enabling mode switching to be done on-the-fly, in real time. Ramping techniques are provided to fully ramp a communications signal down and then back up inside a guard period while switching from one mode to another so that signal glitches occur only while the signal is ramped down and so can be made negligible. In another aspect of the invention, an advantageous multi-mode communications platform having a polar modulation architecture is provided. Preferably, the platform is based on a multi-mode, predominantly digital, single-chip communications signal processor. A digital, phase-stable, frequency lock loop enables versatile, low-power operation.

Abstract: A method of transmitting/receiving packet data in a mobile communication system, where a mobile station requests a packet channel to a base station is disclosed. The base station checks whether the packet channel is available by monitoring the state of a radio link. If the packet channel is available, the base station transmits a Packet Uplink Assignment message including a UDSF (Uplink/Downlink State Flag) to the mobile station. The mobile station checks whether a downlink state flag is set by monitoring the UDSF of the Packet Uplink Assignment message. When the downlink state flag is set, the mobile station receives downlink packet data from the base station in a dedicated mode after the mobile station completely transmits uplink packet data.

Abstract: A digital data signal to be transmitted is split into a number of subsidiary data signals by a data signal splitting device and is output by a timeslot data output device in a particular timeslot of a TDMA frame made up of a plurality of timeslots. A channeling device is used to impress a CDMA code onto each subsidiary data signal which is output in the particular timeslot. A device for processing a digital data signal in a CDMA mobile radio transmitter is also provided.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel protocol suite for supporting micro-mobility within a radio access network (RAN). The protocol suite and comprises three separate protocols, namely a Mobile Registration Protocol, a Handoff Affected Router Discovery Protocol (HARDP) and a Mobile Location Update Protocol. The Mobile Registration Protocol is used to register mobile terminals within a RAN while the Mobile Location Update Protocol is used to update mobile terminal reachability during a handoff. The HARDP protocol is used at network boot-up time to identify a subset of routers that needs to be updated when a mobile terminal handoff occurs between two neighboring radio access nodes.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for transmitting and receiving enhance the performance of a system utilizing interleaving and transmit diversity by reordering the sequence of symbols transmitted along the different transmission channels. This enhancement is accomplished by providing different shuffling functions in conjunction with the interleavers and deinterleavers used with different transmission channels, which decreases the probability of loss of sequential symbols when transmission channels or antennas become correlated.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for communicating audio messages uses a two-way radio. An output audio message is asynchronously transmitted by generating a first acoustic signal in an input device of the radio. A determination is made whether the first acoustic signal is a command. If the acoustic signal is a command, then a response is generated in an output device, and the command is processed. Otherwise, the first acoustic signal is stored in an output buffer and then later sent as an output audio message only when a communications channel is available. An input audio message is asynchronously received in a receiver of the radio, and then stored in an input buffer. A second acoustic signal is generated which causes the stored input audio message to be sent to the output device only if the second acoustic signal is a play command.

Abstract: A system, method, apparatus, means, and computer program code for requesting location data in a communications network, where the communications network includes a first base station server (BSS) in communication with a first serving mobile location center (SMLC), and a second BSS in communication with a second SMLC and a location measurement unit (LMU) under control of the second SMLC, the first and second BSS in communication with a serving general packet radio service support node (SGSN). According to some embodiments, a request for location data is generated at the first SMLC and is submitted to the first BSS using a packet-switched communications protocol. The first BSS forwards the request for location data to the SGSN using a packet-switched communications protocol. A response to the request for location data, generated by the second SMLC, is received. In some embodiments, the response can include a positive or a negative acknowledgement from the second SMLC.

Abstract: The wireless communication apparatus includes transmitter modules and receiver modules for carrying out transmission/reception via a plurality of antenna beams formed by an adaptive array antenna between stations. The apparatus is provided with an end time detecting section and a maximum reception end time is detected by detecting section based on reception signals on the receiver modules. A reception end signal is generated from a notifying section, when current time counted by a counter is reached to the maximum reception end time. The transmission enabling section causes the transmitter modules to transmit data in response to the reception end signal.

Abstract: To address the need for a dispatch mobile (303, 305, 307) to more quickly make a call, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention those remote units operating in a dispatch mode (303, 305, 307) will receive a first slot cycle, while those remote units not operating in a dispatch mode (302, 304, 306, 308) will receive a second slot cycle. The second slot cycle is greater than the first slot cycle, so that those remote units operating in dispatch mode (303, 305, 307) will “wake up” during the slot cycle normally utilized for interconnect calls. Because shorter slot cycles are utilized for remote units operating in dispatch mode (303, 305, 307), the time it takes to make a dispatch call is greatly reduced. Additionally the minimum slot cycle duration typically used for standard calls remains unchanged, greatly conserving battery life.

Abstract: A telecommunications system comprising: a plurality of transmitters capable of transmitting data in superframes, each superframe comprising a plurality of frames, and each frame comprising a plurality of slots; the transmitters being arranged in groups, each group comprising a number of base stations, each group of base stations being assigned one or more slot numbers which are different from those of other groups and each of the transmitters of each group being assigned a different frame number, each transmitter being arranged to operate at reduced transmission power for a period commencing in the allocated slot or slots assigned to its group in the frame assigned to it.

Abstract: A multiple mode data communication system and method provides the flexibility to schedule wireless unit transmissions and/or allow the wireless unit to transmit autonomously. In certain embodiments, the wireless units can transmit autonomously and/or use scheduling depending on the data rate, the length of the data packet or the type of data. For example, the wireless units can transmit autonomously at lower data rates and use scheduling at higher data rates. Thus, the multiple mode system enables wireless unit transmissions to be scheduled and/or be transmit autonomously, and wireless units can simultaneously operate in different scheduling and/or autonomous modes.

Abstract: A wireless communication system which comprises a plurality of base stations and a user equipment. Each base station transmits a common primary synchronization code (PSC) in a primary synchronization channel at a different timing within a system frame, and a midamble code in a broadcast channel. A transmitted power level of the PSC and midamble code are at a common fixed ratio for each base station. The user equipment (UE) is capable of conducting cell search and includes a receiver for receiving said PSCs, a signal power measuring device for measuring the power level of received PSCs and identifying a frame timing of received PSCs which exceed a power threshold, and a processor for analyzing data signals received in the primary synchronization channel associated with the PSC with the highest power level of the received PSCs with a threshold exceeding power level.

Abstract: A data manager, and a method of managing data, for a wireless device. The data manager includes a data receiver that receives voice data over the internet protocol connection, a data sender that sends other voice data over the internet protocol connection, a data recognizer that differentiates the voice data and the other voice data from non-voice data and non-data, and a controller that broadcasts the voice data and the other voice data in an internet voice protocol format. The method includes the steps of receiving voice data over the internet protocol connection at the wireless device, sending other voice data over the internet protocol connection from the wireless device, differentiating the voice data from non-voice data and non-data, differentiating the other voice data from other non-voice data and non-data, and controlling the broadcast of the voice data, and the other voice data.

Abstract: A network element of a telephone network and method for monitoring connections and receiving data from an incoming leg of a connection and forwarding the data to an outgoing leg of a connection, wherein when the network element observes that both the incoming and outgoing legs of a connection are transmitted via a packet data network to a previous or correspondingly the next element of the telephone network, a release of the previous network element occurs, and an indication of a packet network address corresponding to the next telephone network element is made. The previous network element may then transmit data via the packet data network directly to the next telephone network element.

Abstract: A method of setting up calls over circuit-switched and packet-switched resources on a single network having the steps of receiving a request from a user for a call having one or more resources, and allocating the one or more resources among packet-switched, resources and circuit-switched resources associated with a communication network to set up the call. The call may be a multi-media call. Resources may be allocated based on one or more call characteristics that may be in a request for resources by the user.

Abstract: An external or secondary messaging system is coupled to a ToL system for providing a temporary storage cache where messages may be left when elements of ToL system cannot be reached do to outage events. The secondary messaging system is located outside the area of the ToL system that may be subject to the outage event and hides the outage event from the caller (i.e., the caller leaves a message on a messaging system he or she believes the normal messaging system of the party called).

Abstract: A look-up table (LUT)-based arbitration (LTA) system and methodology for use in a network switch element. Input control signals generated by ingress and egress entities associated with a cross-connect matrix of the network switch element are encoded into address information that is used for interrogating a storage structure. Pre-computed arbitration results based on a select arbiter scheme are stored into fields associated with the storage structure. When a particular input combination is applied with respect to an arbitration iteration, a selected arbitration result is obtained by querying the appropriate field, which is then decoded into a corresponding selected entity for the arbitration iteration.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are presented for messaging within a plurality of nodes 100, wherein each node 100 includes a processor 208, a memory 210 connected with the processor 208, and a directional communication interface 204 connected with the processor 208. The nodes 100 are operative for receiving a message including an address code with a relative target address of an intended recipient node 106; for processing the address code to determine if the current node 100 is the intended recipient node 106; for modifying the message based on the direction from which the message was received and is to be transmitted; and for re-transmitting the message including a modified address code. The nodes 100 each repeat these actions to propagate a message along multiple paths until the message reaches a desired recipient, thereby providing path redundancy without the need for the use of unique node 100 identities or locations.