Abstract: Methods for preparing crosslinking agents that are the ungelled reaction product of (a) at least one aminoplast resin and (b) at least one modifying compound, wherein the crosslinking agents are essentially free of active hydrogen functional groups and have a glass transition temperature of at least 10° C. are disclosed. The methods include, inter alia, the use of vacuum and/or increased rates of inert gas introduction during reaction.

Abstract: A single hybrid organic-inorganic film. The film includes both an organic component, and an inorganic component. The organic component and inorganic component are well interspersed within the film. The film may be incorporated into a multilayer structure including a substrate. A method of forming a hybrid organic-inorganic film. The method includes generating a plasma stream with an expanding thermal plasma generator. The method also includes providing a first reactant and at least one second reactant into the plasma stream extending to a substrate, and forming the hybrid organic-inorganic film on the substrate.

Abstract: The thermal barrier composition of the present invention provides polymethylsilsesquioxane dissolved in a crosslinking agent, and a filler and/or hollow glass microspheres.

Abstract: In a first aspect, organic coating compositions are provided, particularly spin-on antireflective coating compositions, that contain a polyester resin component. In a further aspect, coating compositions are provided that contain a resin component obtained by polymerization of a multi-hydroxy compound. Coating compositions of the invention are particularly useful employed in combination with an overcoated photoresist layer to manufacture integrated circuits.

Abstract: A radiation-shielded system and method of producing a radiation-shielded system having at least one component susceptible to disruption upon exposure to ionizing radiation, wherein the susceptible component is protected by a rigid housing having a metallic layer of high atomic number that is deposited on the surface of the housing using a thermal spray technique.

Abstract: An arc-resistant terminal, couple, and connecter are provided. In an embodiment, a metal-based electrical contact portion thereof includes at least one of Cu, Ni or Sn, and not more than 0.06 mass % P, wherein the arc-resistant terminal capable of suppressing arc discharge wherein a voltage between the arc-resistant terminal and a second terminal immediately after separation thereof is DC36V to 60V and a current between terminals during contact is 6A to 30A. In another embodiment, the an electrical contact portion comprising at least 80 mass % of metal having a boiling point of not less than 1000 degrees centigrade. According to the present invention, since the electrical contact portion or the final contact portion of the terminal includes a specific metal-based material, even when the voltage applied between the terminals is increased and an arc discharge is liable to be generated, the arc discharge can be suppressed.

Abstract: A sprocket has a base steel member including an outer toothed profile surface, at least a portion of the outer toothed profile surface having a wear and corrosion resistant coating disposed thereon; the coating comprising an alloy, the alloy comprising at least 60 weight % iron, cobalt, nickel, or alloys thereof. A method of producing a wear and corrosion resistant sprocket includes: (i) machining a base steel member to form an outer toothed profile surface thereon; (ii) applying a coating to at least a portion of the surface; and (iii) fusing the coating to the base steel member.

Abstract: The present invention provides a vertical current-type magneto-resistive element. The element includes an intermediate layer and a pair of magnetic layers sandwiching the intermediate layer, and at least one of a free magnetic layer and a pinned magnetic layer is a multilayer film including at least one non-magnetic layer and magnetic layers sandwiching the non-magnetic layer. The element area defined by the area of the intermediate layer through which current flows perpendicular to the film is not larger than 1000 ?m2.

Abstract: A large-capacity, low-cost, longitudinal magnetic recording medium capable of ultra-high-density recording of 70 Gigabits or more per square inch is disclosed. The longitudinal magnetic recording medium of the present invention comprises a first seed layer, a second seed layer, a first underlayer, a second underlayer, and a magnetic layer, which are formed on a nonmagnetic substrate in this order. A material containing at least Al and any one of Ru and Re is used to form the second seed layer, and a material containing at least any one of Co and Ni and one or both of Al and Ti is used to form the first underlayer. It is also possible to use Cr or a Cr alloy containing Cr and at least one element selected from the constituent element group A consisting of Ti, Mo, and W for forming the second seed layer.

Abstract: A secondary battery with high safety is provided. A heater and a diode are connected in series, and a thermistor is connected in parallel with thus formed series circuit. A fuse is connected in series with thus formed parallel circuit to form a protective circuit, which is attached to an accumulator to complete a secondary battery. In the case of overcharging, the accumulator generates heat so that the thermistor heats up to increase the resistance value. As a result, the current pass through the heater, which generates heat to break the fuse. In the case of short circuit, the diode is reverse-biased and no current passes through the heater so that the fuse does not break.

Abstract: A method for efficiently producing energy, carbon, carbon monoxide, synthetic carbonaceous liquid and gaseous fuels and hydrogen from fossil or biomass fuels with minimal carbon dioxide emissions. The method includes using an Electric Arc Hydrogen Plasma Black Reactor wherein hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon, ash and sulfur are produced and using a Direct Carbon Fuel Cell wherein a molten salt delivers the carbon produced from the reactor as a feedstock in the fuel cell to produce electricity and hot carbon dioxide gas.

Abstract: An electrochemical system adapted to operate between a fuel cell mode, an electrolysis mode and a mode alternating between an electrolysis mode and a fuel cell mode, also referred to as an energy storage mode, operating on a fuel gas mixture and an oxygen-containing gas mixture, and having modified fuel diffusion layers and oxygen diffusion layers. The tapered fuel diffusion layers are progressively thicker from its outermost edge to its innermost edge. The tapered oxygen diffusion layer is progressively thicker from its innermost edge to its outermost edge.

Abstract: A bypass plate and an intermediate plate are interposed between a stack body and a negative electrode terminal of a fuel cell stack. An oxygen-containing gas passage extends through the bypass plate and the stack body. The intermediate plate has a small opening. The opening has a cross sectional area smaller than a cross sectional area of the oxygen-containing gas supply passage. The opening is formed by an extension extending into the oxygen-containing gas supply passage. The extension removes water in the oxygen-containing gas, and discharges the water into a bypass flow passage.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack is provided comprising fuel cell modules least compression plates; and at least one plurality of mechanical linkages connecting a pair of compression plates located on either side of at least one fuel cell module, which may be engaged to maintain a predetermined gap distance between the pair of compression plates. The present invention additionally provides a fuel cell stack comprising: fuel cell modules stacked alternately with compression plates; mechanical linkages connecting a first pair of compression plates directly adjacent to a first fuel cell module; mechanical linkages connecting a second pair of compression plates directly adjacent to a second fuel cell module; where a) the first and second fuel cell modules may be maintained under compression, and b) the compression on each fuel cell module may be adjusted essentially independently of the compression on the other.

Abstract: In a polymer electrolyte battery including a battery element having a cathode and an anode coiled through a polymer electrolyte, a section of the battery element perpendicular to the coiling axis has a curved form. As compared with a polymer electrolyte battery having a flat plate type battery element curved, the former battery has an extremely low possibility of short-circuit at the end of an electrode and excellent battery characteristics.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cold forming a battery terminal having a base and an insert. The insert includes a first portion encapsulated within the base and a second portion that extends beyond a first side of the base.

Abstract: An embedded fastener having enhanced torque resistance and a method of making an embedded fastener with enhanced torque resistance comprising interposing a layer between the lead battery part and the fastener. In one embodiment an electrically conducting layer of a lead adhereable layer is applied to the exterior surface of a fastener. Next, one places the fastener with the layer of lead adhereable material in a mold and injects molten lead into mold and allows the molten lead to solidify around the layer of lead adhereable material on the fastener to thereby secure the solidified lead to the layer of lead adhereable material on the fastener to provide a battery part having a fastener therein with enhanced torque resistance.

Abstract: A bipolar battery comprises a bipolar electrode in which a positive electrode is provided on one surface of a collector and a negative electrode is provided on the other surface of the collector, a gel electrolyte sandwiched between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a sealing layer which is provided between the collectors and surrounds a periphery of a single cell including the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the gel electrolyte.

Abstract: An alkaline cell having a flat housing, preferably of cuboid shape. The cell can have an anode comprising zinc and a cathode comprising MnO2. The housing can have a relatively small overall thickness, typically between about 5 and 10 mm. Cell contents can be supplied through an open end in the housing and an end cap assembly inserted therein to seal the cell. The end cap assembly includes a vent mechanism which can activate, when gas pressure within the cell reaches a threshold level typically between about 100 and 300 psig (6.89×105 and 20.69×105 pascal gage). The cell can have primary and supplemental vent mechanisms such as welded or thinned regions on the surface of the housing which may activate at different pressure levels. The cathode can be formed of a plurality of stacked slabs having aligned hollow centers with an elongated opening for anode material to be inserted therein.

Abstract: Provided is an organic electrolytic solution including a lithium salt and an organic solvent containing an alkoxy-containing compound such as 1,1,3-trimethoxypropane. When polyglyme and an organic compound having dioxolane moiety are further added into the organic electrolytic solution, a lithium metal stabilizing effect and the ionic conductivity of lithium ions are enhanced, and thus, the charging/discharging efficiency of lithium is greatly improved. Such an organic electrolytic solution can be effectively used for any kind of lithium batteries and lithium sulfur batteries, even whose which use a lithium metal anode.

Abstract: The present invention provides a technology of inhibiting the decomposition of the solvent of the electrolyte solution for the secondary battery. Further, the present invention provides a technology of prohibiting the resistance increase of the secondary battery and improving the storage properties such as improving the capacity retention ratio. The electrolyte solution 15 comprising non-proton solvent and cyclic sulfonic ester including at least two sulfonyl groups may be used.

Abstract: A photosensitive material, suitable for image-wise recording, e.g., holographic recording of data or other information, comprises an organic species in an organic-inorganic matrix, the organic species comprising a material having a refractive index which changes upon exposure to actinic radiation. The organic-inorganic matrix may be an organically modified glass. The photo-sensitive material may be made using the sol-gel process.

Abstract: A positive-working imageable element comprises inner and outer layers and a radiation absorbing compound such as an IR absorbing dye. The inner layer includes a first polymeric material. The ink receptive outer layer includes a second polymeric binder comprising a polymer backbone and an —X—C(?T)—NR—S(?O)2— moiety that is attached to the polymer backbone, wherein —X— is an oxy or —NR?— group, T is O or S, R and R? are independently hydrogen, halo, or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. After thermal imaging, the element can be developed using an alkaline developer. Use of the particular second polymeric binder reduces sludging in the developer. Its dissolution rate in the developer is slow enough to resist developer attack in the non-imaged areas of the outer layer but rapid enough for the second polymeric binder to be quickly loosened from imaged areas and kept suspended or dissolved for a considerable time.

Abstract: A photoconductive member containing a supporting substrate; a photogenerating layer comprised of a photogenerating component, a hole transport component, an electron transport component, and a polymer binder; and a charge transport layer comprised of a charge transport component, an electron transport component and a polymer binder.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic electrophotographic photo-receptor having a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer laid on the conductive substrate, wherein the photosensitive layer contains at least one ?-oxo bridged heterometal compound as a charge generating material. The organic electrophotographic photo-receptor has high photo-sensitivity, high stability, excellent durability on sensitivity and on electric potential, and has excellent organic photo-conductive property.

Abstract: Spherical toners having excellent fusibility are disclosed. The toners are fusible at low temperatures and are excellent in preservability and therefore charge properties, flowability, and transferability do not deteriorate. The toners contain a colorant and a nitrogen-containing polyester resin, in which the concentration of nitrogen at the surface of toner particles is higher than the concentration of nitrogen of the entire particles. The ratio of the surface concentration to the overall concentration is from 1.2 to 10. Additionally, the nitrogen-containing resin is preferably a polyester resin modified by urea bonds. Also, it is preferred that the toner particles are substantially spherical having an average sphericity E of from 0.90 to 0.99.

Abstract: A toner including a binder resin including a crystalline polyester and a non-crystalline resin; a release agent; and a black metal-containing material having a saturation magnetization not greater than 50 emu/g. A toner container containing the toner. A fixing method including passing a support with the toner image thereon through a nip between two cylindrical rollers while applying a pressure not greater than 1×105 Pa to the two cylindrical rollers, wherein one of the cylindrical rollers which contacts the toner image has a thickness not greater than 1.0 mm. An image forming method including developing an electrostatic image with the toner to form a toner image; transferring the toner image onto a receiving material; and fixing the toner image by the fixing method mentioned above. A process cartridge including an image bearing member and a developing device using the toner.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic image having a good combination of hot offset resistance and low temperature fixability. The toner includes (1) a resin having at least one group that can react with a compound having an active hydrogen in an amount of 2 pieces per molecule of the resin, and a colorant. The toner satisfies the following relationship: 3?G=R?Rideal?20, where G represents a ratio of a weight of components other than the colorant and the resin that are insoluble in the organic solvent to total weight of the toner, R represents a weight ratio of components included in the toner that are insoluble in the organic solvent to the total weight of the toner, and Rideal represents an ideal weight ratio of the colorant and the resin, which is calculated from a formula of the toner.

Abstract: A positive-working resist composition comprising (A1) a resin containing a repeating unit represented by the specific general formula, wherein the resin increases the solubility in an alkali developing solution by the action of an acid.

Abstract: The present invention provides an imageable element including a substrate, a first layer applied to the substrate and a second layer applied to the first layer. The first layer may contain polymeric material and a radiation absorbing compound. The second layer may contain a hydroxyl group-containing polymer that includes a heat-labile moiety.

Abstract: There is disclosed an anti-reflection film material used in lithography containing at least a polymer compound having repeating units for copolymerization represented by the following general formula (1), or those containing a polymer compound having repeating units for copolymerization represented by the following general formula (2) and a polymer compound having repeating units for copolymerization represented by the following general formula (3).

Abstract: Disclosed is a process of manufacturing a planographic printing plate from a planographic printing plate material comprising a support and provided thereon, at least one of an image formation layer and an ablation layer, the process comprising the steps of imagewise exposing the planographic printing plate material, and developing the exposed planographic printing plate material by supplying printing ink containing at least one of a polymerizable monomer and a polymerizable oligomer to the exposed planographic printing plate material.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of manufacturing electronic devices, particularly integrated circuits. Such methods include the use of low dielectric constant material prepared by using a removable porogen material.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a resist resin having in its structure a specific bridged-bond-containing aliphatic ring, and a resist composition comprising the same are provided. By using this resist composition, a resist pattern excellent in both transparency against short-wavelength light and dry-etching resistance can be formed by alkali development with high resolution.

Abstract: A photothermographic imaging material including an organic silver salt, a binder, a reducing agent, coupler and a main developing agent which forms coloring images by reacting with the coupler, those which are on a support wherein the reducing agent comprises a compound represented by the following Formula (1), the coupler is a compound represented by the following Formula (CP1) and sum of maximum density of colorant images at maximum absorption wavelength formed by the coupler and the main developing agent is 0.01 or more and 0.

Abstract: A rinse-processing composition of the present invention comprises a compound represented by R—(OC2H4)n—OH, wherein R is an alkyl group containing 8 to 13 carbon atoms and n is an integer of 10 to 30, but comprises neither aldehyde compounds nor hexamethylenetetramine derivatives, and a processing method and a processing apparatus of the present invention uses such a rinse-processing composition.

Abstract: A silver halide emulsion including silver halide grains and a binder and satisfying Requirement (1) of 0<B/A<0.2, wherein A (mol %) is an iridium content at a surface of the silver halide grains, and B (mol %) is an average iridium content at a subsurface of the silver halide grains.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material, including a support having thereon a silver halide emulsion layer, the silver halide emulsion layer containing silver halide particles having a silver chloride content of more than or equal to 90 mol %, wherein a compound represented by Formula (S) is contained in the interior and on a surface of the silver halide particles and in a binder of the silver halide emulsion layer, and the silver halide particles have more than two silver halide phases therein having different concentration of the compound represented by Formula (S):

Abstract: Ionic liquids are added to black-and-white direct thermographic materials to provide increased image density or to allow for reduced silver coverage (that is, improved silver efficiency). Useful ionic liquids include imidazolium, pyrazolium, pyridinium, pyrimidinium, pyrazinium, tetra-alkylammonium, or tetra-alkylphosphonium cations.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel methods for determining whether a compound influences a phase in the life cycle of a virus comprising providing a cell with the compound and with at least a fragment of the virus sufficient for performing the phase and determining whether the phase is influenced in the cell, the cell comprising a nucleic acid encoding an adenovirus early protein or a functional part, derivative and/or analogue of the adenovirus early protein. In another aspect, the invention provides the use of a cell, the cell comprising nucleic acid encoding an adenovirus early protein, for screening a library of compounds for the presence of a compound capable of influencing a phase in the life cycle of a virus capable of entering the cell.

Abstract: A method of detecting or quantifying a molecular target in a sample utilizing the molecular interaction between molecular targets, bead-bound probes, and support-bound probes. Laser light or a magnetic sensor may be used to detect the beads after the interaction. The detection of the beads indicates the presence of the molecular target in the sample.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for the diagnosis and/or the follow up of the evolution of cancer comprising the analysis of the RNA components of the telomerase enzyme present in the plasma or serum of the blood.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of detecting polymorphisms, e.g., single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), by amplification and error correction. The invention encompasses methods of performing amplification and error correction using an improved generation of nucleic acid polymerases, and methods of multiplexing the assay. The improvement to the polymerases is the joining of a sequence-non-specific nucleic-acid-binding domain to the enzyme in a manner that enhances the ability of the enzyme to bind and catalytically modify the nucleic acid.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel ?-2,8-sialyltransferase expressed by a gene cloned from animal cells, a cDNA coding for the ?-2,8-sialyltransferase, a method of detecting, or suppressing the production of ?-2,8-sialyltransferase by using the cDNA, a recombinant vector containing the DNA as an insert and cells harboring the recombinant vector as well as methods of preparing same. The ?-2,8-sialyltransferase of the invention is useful, for example, in the production of carbohydrate chains having a useful physiological activity, for example the ganglioside GD3, and modifications thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides a composition, kit and method for hybridizing a probe and target at a temperature lower than their standard hybridization temperature. The chemical component added to the composition has a formula R(NH2)C?O, where R is amino or alkyl. A method for use of the chemical component and composition is also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for inhibiting and/or inactivating nucleases by employing nuclease inhibitors are provided. The nuclease inhibitors comprise anti-nuclease antibodies and non-antibody nuclease inhibitors. The anti-nuclease antibodies of the present invention may be a polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies, and may be anti-ribonuclease antibodies, anti-deoxyribonuclease antibodies, or antibodies to non-specific nucleases. A preferred embodiment comprises at least two nuclease inhibitors, and is referred to as a nuclease inhibitor cocktail. In some specific embodiments, the invention concerns methods of performing in vitro translation comprising obtaining a first nuclease inhibitor, which inhibitor is further defined as an anti-nuclease antibody, and placing the anti-nuclease antibody in an in vitro translation reaction. In many cases, the in vitro translation reaction comprises at least one nuclease, which may be a ribonuclease, a deoxyribonuclease, or a nonspecific nuclease.

Abstract: A multiped, capable of traveling in more than one direction along a molecular path in a nano-robotic system where the steps taken by the feet of the multiped are controlled in a sequence specific fashion, is presented. The feet of the multiped dock to footholds on the molecular path via cohesion with “set” molecules and are released from the footholds through the introduction of “unset” molecules that detach or strip away the “set” molecules.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions useful in pearl oyster cultivation. Polynucleotide and polypeptides relating to the nacre gene of Pinctada margaritifera are provided. Antibodies related to these polypeptides, and compositions comprising polynucleotides, polypeptides and/or antibodies of the invention are also provided. The invention provides methods of using these polynucleotides, polypeptides and antibodies, including methods related to pearl oyster cultivation. Arrays comprising polynucleotides, polypeptides and/or antibodies of the invention are also provided.

Abstract: This invention provides for labeling reagents, labeled targets and processes for preparing labeling reagents. The labeling reagents can take the form of cyanine dyes, xanthene dyes, porphyrin dyes, coumarin dyes or composite dyes. These labeling reagents are useful for labeling probes or targets, including nucleic acids and proteins. These reagents can be usefully applied to protein and nucleic acid probe based assays. They are also applicable to real-time detection processes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel human secreted proteins and isolated nucleic acids containing the coding regions of the genes encoding such proteins. Also provided are vectors, host cells, antibodies, and recombinant methods for producing human secreted proteins. The invention further relates to diagnostic and therapeutic methods useful for diagnosing and treating diseases, disorders, and/or conditions related to these novel human secreted proteins.