Abstract: To make compact a motor actuator and a tandem valve type throttle body preferably for two-wheeled vehicles, a gear portion (G) and a motor (M) are arranged in an actuator case constituted by a gear case (2) and a motor case (1), the gear portion (G) is formed by a motor gear (G1), an intermediate gear (G2) consisting of a small-diameter gear (G22) and a large-diameter gear (G21) in parallel, and an output gear (G3), the motor (M) protrudes into the gear case (2) and is near the large-diameter gear (G21), an actuator support boss (6a) of a throttle body (6) is inserted into a throttle body insertion hole (id) a protruding end portion (9a) of an auxiliary throttle valve shaft (9) is inserted into a connection hole (G3a), and a mounting boss (5) is screwed to the throttle body (6) via a mounting hole (4).

Abstract: A pump for a fuel system is disclosed. The pump has a housing defining at least one pumping chamber, and a plunger. The plunger is movable to draw a fluid into and displace the fluid from the at least one pumping chamber. The pump also has a metering valve and a controller. The metering valve has a valve element movable to selectively meter fluid drawn into the at least one pumping chamber. The controller is configured to receive an indication of a desired discharge characteristic and reference a first map to determine an inlet opening area corresponding to the desired discharge characteristic. The controller is also configured to reference a second map to determine a position of the metering valve corresponding to the determined inlet opening area, and to send a control signal to the metering valve indicative of the determined position.

Abstract: In a method of controlling an internal combustion engine wherein an injection begin is calculated depending at least on an actual engine speed and the injection begin is corrected, the injection begin correction is calculated from a deviation of a desired air mass flow from an actual air mass flow.

Abstract: In a case where fuel injection system abnormality is detected, and fuel supply stop processing is carried out against the abnormality, since a judgment is made using a misfire judgment, in a case where the misfire judgment is carried out in a periodic measurement system, the reliability is low at the time of a periodic variation or in a low rotation region, and in a case where it is carried out in an ion detection system, the cost increases, and the calculation load of an internal combustion engine control apparatus by the misfire judgment processing increases. A control apparatus for a vehicular internal combustion engine of the invention includes an injector drive abnormality judgment unit to judge, based on an injector drive confirmation signal, drive abnormality of an injector corresponding to the injector drive confirmation signal, and the injector drive abnormality judgment unit judges abnormality of the injector drive confirmation signal based on a state of the injector drive confirmation signal.

Abstract: After initial combustion at the time if engine startup under very low temperature conditions, a fuel-injection start time point and a fuel-injection end time point are restricted to a period of time during which smoldering of an ignition plug is less prone to occur, to warm up the inside of a cylinder and increase engine speed. Thereafter, a fuel injection period is adjusted by gradually elongating it by reducing the restriction on the injection start time point and the injection end time point each time the engine speed exceeds a predetermined value in the course of the increase in the engine speed. In this way, the engines are made to reach a state where the engine can operate in a self-sustaining manner, before smoldering of the ignition plugs progresses after the initial combustion at the time of the engine startup under very low temperature conditions.

Abstract: An advance arrangement for controlling timing of fuel delivery by a fuel pump in an engine comprises an advance piston which is movable in either an advance or a retard direction to advance or retard, respectively, the timing of fuel pump delivery, wherein a surface associated with the advance piston is exposed to fuel pressure within a main advance control chamber. The advance piston has a supply port to allow fuel to flow into the main advance control chamber and a drain port to allow fuel to flow out of the main advance control chamber. A servo piston is movable relative to the advance piston to control opening and closing of the supply port and the drain port. The advance arrangement is characterised by a restricted flow means for restricting the flow of fuel out of the main advance control chamber through the drain port when the advance piston moves in the retard direction beyond a predetermined amount.

Abstract: A dual fuel pump fuel extraction system for saddle fuel tanks. A primary modular reservoir assembly (MRA) includes an electric primary fuel pump located in the primary sump of a saddle fuel tank and a secondary MRA including an electric secondary fuel pump located in the secondary sump of the saddle fuel tank, wherein both the primary and secondary fuel pumps extract fuel from the primary sump and simultaneously transfer fuel between the primary and secondary sumps so as to thereby ensure both the primary and secondary fuel pumps have fuel, without starving one before the other, until fuel becomes depleted from the saddle fuel tank.

Abstract: A fuel handling apparatus with a purge system, a first communication passage, and a second communication passage with a greater pressure loss than the first communication passage. A check device is coupled to the second communication passage for checking a leak of evaporative fuel from the purge system. A pump is included, and a selector device is included for switching fluid communication of the pump between one of the first communication passage and the second communication passage. A controller controls the selector device to allow fluid communication between the first communication passage and the pump and then controls the pump to produce the pressure difference for forcible purging. The controller further controls the selector device to allow fluid communication between the second communication passage and the pump, and then controls the pump to produce the pressure difference and controls the check device for leak checking.

Abstract: A valve is disposed between a fuel tank and an engine intake manifold in a small engine fuel system equipped to recapture running loss evaporative emissions. The valve includes a resilient diaphragm that blocks the flow path When vapor pressure in the fuel tank reaches a predetermined level, the diaphragm opens and allows the vacuum forces in the manifold to purge the vapors in the fuel tank by drawing the vapors into the manifold to be burned in the engine. The diaphragm isolates the fuel tank vapor dome from the vacuum pressure generated in the manifold, thereby preventing the engine from being starved of fuel. The valve may be integrated with a liquid discriminating valve to form a valve assembly.

Abstract: A centrifugal supercharger is provided. One embodiment of the supercharger comprises a two-piece housing wherein a parting area is substantially aligned with a rotational axis of a drive- or impeller shaft. Another embodiment comprises a sleeve, or intermediate member disposed substantially between the housing and a bearing assembly(s) located within the supercharger housing. Another embodiment comprises a disengagement device located between the supercharger impeller and the engine. The disengagement device allows selective disengagement of the impeller from the engine. This Abstract is provided for the sole purpose of complying with the Abstract requirement rules that allow a reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the disclosure contained therein. This Abstract is submitted with the explicit understanding that it will not be used to interpret or to limit the scope or the meaning of the claims.

Abstract: A system for controlling the mixture of an air flow and an exhaust gas flow utilizing two valves, the first valve at least partially positioned in an air intake conduit and regulating the flow of fluid through the air conduit, and the second valve positioned in an exhaust gas recirculation conduit for regulating the flow of exhaust gas. The control scheme presenting a sequential or stepwise control sequence, where the first valve is actuated over a first pressure range and the second valve is actuated over a second pressure range such that valves operate in a sequential manner.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine ignition device is provided with a connector including first external connection terminal, and second external connection terminal. The first external connection terminals is formed with no noble metal coat, while the second external connection terminal is formed with a noble metal coat. The first external connection terminal is disposed on the outer side of terminal arrangement in the connector, and the second external connection terminal is disposed on the center side of terminal arrangement in the connector.

Abstract: The internal combustion engine controller includes an oxygen concentration sensor outputting an electric signal having a value depending on an oxygen concentration in an exhaust gas flowing through an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine, and a control unit controlling fuel injection amount depending on at least the electric signal, the control unit being capable of performing atmospheric learning to calibrate the oxygen concentration sensor. The control unit is configured to perform the atmospheric learning when a changing rate of the value of the electric signal is lowered from above a predetermined threshold rate to below the predetermined threshold rate after a time of start of cutoff of fuel supply to the engine.

Abstract: At the time of start-up, fuel supply is made excessive. When air-fuel ratio feedback control is started while the fuel is excessive, the control is put into a state of overshoot or hunting, and it takes a long time to converge to the target air-fuel ratio. In an air-fuel ratio control apparatus, a selection switch is provided at the output of an integration calculation circuit to perform air-fuel ratio feedback control, and immediately after start-up of the engine, an upper/lower limit clip value for use immediately after start-up, which is smaller than a normal one, is selected to perform the air-fuel ratio feedback control. Even if the air-fuel ratio feedback control is started immediately after the start-up in a state where the fuel is excessive, the actual air-fuel ratio does not overshoot with respect to the target air-fuel ratio and is quickly converged to the target air-fuel ratio.

Abstract: An example apparatus/design is disclosed that mounts to a manual clay target thrower (manual thrower) that allows an individual to electrically release targets. The release of targets can be instantaneous or on a variably time basis. The complete device may be mounted to a bent pipe with a platform and a square tube on the opposite end capable of being mounted in the towing hitch receiver of a vehicle.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a disk shooting toy comprising a body, a port extending into the body and configured to permit a disk to be inserted into the body, a slot extending into the body, and a firing mechanism configured to shoot the disk out of the body through the slot. In some examples, the disk shooting toy may include a handle mechanism configured to selectively detach from the body and a trigger mechanism attached to the handle mechanism and configured to selectively engage the firing mechanism when the handle mechanism is attached to the body. In some examples, a trigger mechanism operatively connected to the body and including a trigger configured to selectively engage the firing mechanism and selectively cover the port. In some examples, the disk shooting may include means for selectively attaching a trigger mechanism to the body for selectively engaging the firing mechanism.

Abstract: A loader switch structure for a paint ball gun includes a load tube and a ring. The load tube contains a plurality of retaining members, a flange, and a plurality of through holes above the flange to receive the retaining members. The ring is placed on the flange and contains a plurality of channels corresponding in position to the through holes. By turning the ring to enter or exit the retaining members of the load tube into or from the through holes for preventing waste of paint balls and improving safety. The load tube further comprises a plurality of locking units for precise positioning in an open status, ensuring a facilitated passage and preventing jammed paint balls.

Abstract: A paintball loader has a motor-driven impeller with a plurality of resilient arms that engage and move paintballs in the loader housing. The resilient arms preferably are spaced to accommodate paintballs therebetween. The arms are sufficiently flexible to yield so as not to rupture the paintball shells.

Abstract: A blade for the dicing of silicon wafers comprising a diamond particle containing matrix, said blade having a trapezoidal cross section.

Abstract: A superabrasive wire saw-wound structure includes a superabrasive wire saw (10) formed with an average diameter D and a reel (1). The superabrasive wire saw (10) includes a core wire (11), a bonding material (12) surrounding a surface of the core wire (11), and a plurality of superabrasive grains (13) bonded to the surface of the core wire (11) with the bonding material (12). The reel (1) includes a peripheral surface (2) having one end (3) and the other end (4). The superabrasive wire saw (10) which is to be unreeled successively toward a workpiece is wound around the peripheral surface (2) reciprocatingly between the one end (3) and the other end (4) to be multi-layered. A pitch P for winding the superabrasive wire saw (10) around the peripheral surface (2) between the one end (3) and the other end (4) satisfies a relation of D<P<2D.

Abstract: Cantilevered outdoor cooking assemblies, and related methods, are disclosed, which comprise one or more cantilevered cooking trays adjustably suspended from an erect post by gravity without fasteners.

Abstract: A cooking appliance includes a door assembly having a main frame provided with an inner, central opening. A glass panel is secured to the main frame portion across the inner, central opening and an overlay member is adhesively secured to the glass panel through a plurality of adhesive elements. The overlay member includes top, bottom and opposing side sections that collectively define an outer, central opening. The adhesive elements establish airflow passages that extends longitudinally across the door assembly between the glass panel and the overlay member. The overlay member also includes first and second flanges that are arranged along the top and bottom edge sections respectively. Third and fourth flanges are provided on respective upper and lower edges of the outer central opening. The flanges, together with the adhesive elements, ensure the presence of the airflow passages.

Abstract: A device 10 for removing cooking grease from cooker exhaust air includes a rotating chiller member 12, a stationary diffuser member 14 having a plurality of apertures 16 therethrough, the diffuser member 14 encasing the rotating chiller member 12, an enclosure 18 for enclosing the diffuser member 14 and the rotating chiller member 12 encased in the diffuser member 14, a mixing member 19 for combining grease carrying cooker exhaust air with cooling air provided by an air damper 20 secured to a first end portion 21 of the mixing member 19, a blower 22 for urging the combined grease carrying cooker exhaust air and cooling air from the mixing member 19 through the apertures 16 of the diffuser member 14, a refrigeration unit 24 for cooling the rotating chiller member 12 such that grease will condense from the cooker exhaust air upon the surface of the chiller member 12, and a scraper member 32 for removing grease from the chiller member 12 while the chiller member 12 is rotating.

Abstract: The tool to aid in fireplace flue installation supports the sections of a flue during attachment to the vent of a fireplace or stove. The tool has a support bracket for mounting the tool to a vertical support, such as a stud in a chase where the flue will be installed. Attached to the support bracket is an arm support member, which holds a plurality of flue support arms. The flues support arms are pivotally attached to the support member so that the arms rotate about a vertical axis. Each support arm can be rotated independently of the other support arm or arms. The support arms are provided with setscrews, which are tightened to lock the support arms into a selected position. Each support arm may be provided with an arm extension, which slidably engages the support arm, allowing the overall length of the arm to be extended.

Abstract: Embodiments include a waterfall device which is usable independent of or in conjunction with a fireplace. The waterfall device may be either an accessory to or an alternative to the fireplace. Embodiments also include a method for making the waterfall device and a method of using the waterfall device. In some embodiments, the waterfall device is at least substantially self-contained.

Abstract: A method for purifying a sucrose material already in a high purity liquid, crystalline or other form of sucrose, such as raw sugar, utilizing chromatography, or utilizing chromatography in connection with other methods of purification.

Abstract: A compliance monitor (20) is attachable to or forms part of a drug delivery device, such as an inhaler (2). The monitor comprises a flexible portion (38) to enable a switch which is actuated by a user when delivering a dose of medicament. The monitor further comprises a sensor for sensing whether the device is properly positioned in contact with or relative to the user's body for administration of the medicament. For example, where the device is an inhaler and the sensor a temperature sensor, temperature variations caused by insertion of an inhaler mouthpiece into the user's mouth indicate whether the dose has been delivered into the patient's mouth. A memory in the compliance monitor stores a compliance record indicating whether or not the device was properly positioned each time a dose was delivered.

Abstract: A method of processing a drug is provided that includes dissolving the drug in a solvent to form a drug-containing solution. Droplets of the drug-containing solution are then jetted into a moving volume of gas. The jetted droplets of drug-containing solution have a maximum size of about 1 micron or less.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for providing a nebula or aerosol to a patient. In one aspect, a nebulizer is pressure sensitive so that nebulization is coordinated with a breathing cycle of the patient. The nebulizer includes a movable gas diverter that diverts pressurized gas across a liquid outlet. The diverter is moved in response to the patient's breathing cycle. In one aspect, a biasing member moves the diverter. According to another aspect of the nebulizer, an annular liquid orifice disperses an aerosol in a radial direction in response to a pressurized gas flow from an orifice located concentrically thereto. Multiple liquid orifices may be provided. In a further aspect of the nebulizer, a reservoir includes an upper, wide portion and a lower narrow portion to apply relatively uniform pressure at a liquid orifice.

Abstract: A focused droplet nebulizer of the invention produces substantially uniform droplets of a predetermined size. Droplets are pushed out through a small outlet orifice by the contraction of a chamber. The droplets can be carried on a substantially non-divergent path in a drift tube. A piezo membrane micro pump acts in response to an electrical control signal to force a droplet out of the outlet orifice. The nebulizer can operate at frequencies permitting a stream of individual droplets of the predetermined size to be sent along the substantially non-divergent path in the drift tube in a preferred embodiment ELSD device.

Abstract: A medicament dispenser comprising a canister and a drug dispensing valve, wherein one or more surfaces of said canister and/or valve has a fluorinated coating provided by a process comprising generating one or more fluorine-containing radical species and polymerising said radicals on said one or more surfaces, provided that the radicals are generated by a hot filament chemical vapour process, pyrolisation of fluoroparylene dimers, use of a photo initiator to create radicals from a fluoroacrylate or laser ablation of a fluoropolymer target. Also disclosed is a medicament dispenser comprising a canister and a drug-dispensing valve, wherein one or more surfaces of said canister and/or valve has a fluorinated coating provided by a process comprising incorporating a fluorine-containing species into a liquid or gas, depositing a fluorine-containing layer on said one or more surfaces, and thereafter optionally removing the liquid or gas.

Abstract: In order to enable a medical worker to certainly and easily know whether a patient on a home oxygen therapy, who continues to inhale an oxygen-enriched gas at home, performs the inhalation as prescribed, a history of a supply condition of the oxygen-enriched gas supplied to the patient is recorded and held as supply history information, this supply history information is compared with a prescription of the oxygen therapy of the patient to generate patient's compliance information to indicate the degree to which the oxygen therapy is performed in accordance with the prescription, the oxygen concentrating apparatus is constructed to be portable, and a doctor can confirm the patient's compliance information at the time of going to a medical institution regularly.

Abstract: A gas delivery, evacuation and respiratory monitoring system comprising a face mask having a fresh gas inflow passage member, an exhaust-gas outflow passage member and a gas sampling outflow passage member is adapted to be coupled to a fresh gas source, an exhaust-gas scavenging system, and a carbon-dioxide monitoring device, also known as a capnograph, respectively. The face mask is characterized in part by a dome portion affixed to a continuous side wall portion which dome portion may be adapted for azimuth rotation thereon.

Abstract: The present invention provides a leisure fitness equipment with oxygen-supplying function, comprising a leisure fitness device, an oxygenerator and a control device, said oxygenerator is fixed or detachably connected to said leisure fitness device, said leisure fitness device and said oxygenerator are controllable by said control device. The present invention has a compact structure, have a function of oxygen-supplying in addition to leisure or fitness, and it is suitable for family use and for public places such as entertainment sites, physical training centers or hospitals.

Abstract: An inhalation device for administering powered forms of medicament includes a mouthpiece connected to a first closable port suction chamber with at least one deformable wall separating a second chamber. First closable port having a throat is sealed with a cover and a structure for locating at least one medicament powder pouch and a means of exposing contents. A carousel to include a plurality of powder pouches arrayed radial and a device to index each before exposing contents before an exhaust port communicating before a second chamber is also described.

Abstract: A metered dose inhaler is provided which includes a canister fitted in an actuator body. A metered dose of medication is delivered by compressing the canister in the actuator body. The metered dose inhaler includes an actuator that either fully (automatic) or partially (user-assisted) actuates the metered dose inhaler in order to deliver medication to the user.

Abstract: A flow generator for generating a supply of pressurized air to be provided to a patient for treatment includes a housing, a blower provided to the housing, and a projection unit provided to the housing. The blower is operable to provide a pressurized flow of air at an outlet. The projection unit is operable to project an image onto a surface adjacent the housing.

Abstract: An air delivery system includes a controllable flow generator, a primary controller, and an auxiliary controller. The flow generator is operable to generate a supply of pressurized breathable gas to be provided to a patient for treatment. The primary controller is associated with at least one primary control feature to select at least a first aspect of operation of the flow generator. The auxiliary controller is associated with at least one auxiliary control feature to select at least a second aspect of operation of the flow generator. The second aspect selected by the auxiliary controller is different than the first aspect selected by the primary controller. The primary and auxiliary controllers may be interchangeably usable to control operation of the flow generator.

Abstract: A face mask structure has an upper mask portion, a middle mask portion, and a lower mask portion, which are formed integrally. The upper mask portion has an upper metal stripe disposed at a proper position thereof. The lower mask portion has a lower metal stripe disposed at a proper position thereof. The upper and lower mask portions are folded in opposite directions. When in use, the upper and lower mask portions are spread out to support the middle mask portion. In this way, the face mask structure becomes fitting in with the shapes of human faces. Furthermore, the middle mask portion has multiple folding portions. When in use, the folding portions are stretched out to increase filtering area. Thereby, the inner space of the face mask structure is increased, the air-invasion rate is reduced, and the filtering efficiency is thus improved.

Abstract: A face mask particularly for dentists includes a masking band sized and configured to cover at least the mouth and nasal regions of the wearer; and a separate strip attached at its opposite ends to the opposite ends of the masking band. The intermediate portion of the separate strip carries an illustration of a smiling mouth in the mouth region, and is unattached to the masking band such that deformations of the masking band to accommodate itself to the face of the wearer is permitted by, and does not affect, the separate strip carrying the illustration of the smiling mouth.

Abstract: The present invention is a type of mask used for treating the facial area. In its preferred embodiment, it is a one-use, disposable mask. These can be constructed of highly porous surface material enclosing an interior filled with an effusable substance, such as black tea, green tea, herbal tea, herbal essence, chamomile, lavender, eucalyptus, or fruits. The mask is steeped in warm water before use to release the effusable substances.

Abstract: An anatomically hypopharyngeal mask, and particularly an anatomically hypopharyngeal mask with a shape closer to the human hypopharynx, may be placed into a patient's hypopharynx so that the gas for medical treatment may be smoothly conducted into the patient's trachea. The mask has an air intake tube and a mask. One side of the mask has two preformed first clamping portions protruding from two sides below an edge of the concavity of the mask. The anatomically hypopharyngeal mask may be precisely positioned in a predetermined site of the patient's hypopharynx and then the mouth of the mask is easily aimed at the patient's trachea. Placement time for the mask is thus shortened. Because the anatomically hypopharyngeal mask is closer in shape to that of the human hypopharynx, the air tight capability thereof is better.

Abstract: Devices, systems, kits and methods are provided whereby a patient having a tracheostomy may use a respiratory therapy exercise device. A tracheostomy tube connector having features of the invention (termed a “Janatpour connector”) connects a tracheostomy tube with a respiratory therapy exercise device allowing use of the respiratory therapy exercise device via a tracheostomy tube. Janatpour connectors having features of the invention include a bore allowing airflow between the tracheostomy tube and a respiratory therapy exercise device connected to each other by the Janatpour connector, and include a control port operably connected to the bore. The control port may be occluded, e.g., by a patient's finger, to provide a single airway path so that patient respiration impels airflow within the respiratory therapy exercise device. When the control port is open, air may flow out of or into the Janatpour connector via the control port as well as through the bore.

Abstract: An artificial inflatable airway device is described that includes at least one inflatable sealing portion and a pressure monitoring means, the sealing portion and the pressuring monitoring means being integrally and operably attached, adapted to measure at least one pressure within the sealing portion of the inflatable airway.

Abstract: An oro-genital protection device positionable within the mouth of a wearer. In one embodiment, the device has a gripping area, to facilitate gripping of the device during use by the teeth of a wearer, disposed around a flexible barrier. The flexible barrier, in one embodiment, stretches in response to insertion of a penis, while providing barrier protection against the transmission of STI's. In another embodiment, the device is in the nature of a sheet of flexible material, which may have a flavored area located thereon.

Abstract: A surgical drape for use during surgery on a patient includes a sheet configured for covering at least a portion of the patient during the surgery. The drape includes a first sheet portion having a size and configuration to overlie the patient during the medical procedure. A fenestration is defined in the first sheet portion at a location corresponding to the site of the medical procedure on the patient. A second sheet portion is attached to a lower surface of the first sheet portion and has a size and configuration so as to be draped from the first sheet portion and extend under the patient's buttocks while remaining attached to first sheet during the medical procedure.

Abstract: The invention involves a plug for a dive mouthpiece. The plug comprises a plug portion and a handle portion. The plug portion has a plug-portion distal end and a plug-portion proximal end. The plug-portion proximal end has a plug-portion-proximal-end exterior surface, which is complementary in shape to a distal portion of the passageway shape of the mouthpiece. The handle portion has a handle-portion proximal end integral with the plug-portion distal end. The handle portion also has a handle-portion distal end of a handle-portion exterior shape which is configured to be complementary in shape to the proximal portion of the passageway shape of the mouthpiece.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to dental appliances, and more specifically, to a unique bite guard that protects the teeth from the negative effects of teeth grinding or clenching, or other temporomandibular disorders which may include tension headaches, teeth fracture, cracking and/or loss. The application and configuration of the dental appliance is aesthetically superior to other configurations and arrangements and comprises of an outer shell that is small in configuration and is sized to fit the lower portion of a patient's lower front teeth. The dental appliance further includes an inner pliable layer that is in mating engagement with the inner anterior wall and the inner posterior wall of the outer shell. The inner pliable layer is also in mating engagement with the patient's front incisors and conforms to the patient's dentition.

Abstract: A smoking article, such as a cigarette, includes a lighting end and a mouth end. The lighting end is a longitudinally extending segment comprising smokable material that is intended to be lit and burned, and the resulting smoke generated by the burning of that smokable material is intended to be drawn into the mouth of the smoker through the mouth end of smoking article. A mouth end piece is located at the mouth end of the smoking article, and the mouth end piece allows the smoking article to be placed in the mouth of the smoker to be drawn upon. The smoking article further incorporates an aerosol-generation system that is located between the lighting end segment and the mouth end piece. The aerosol-generation system includes (i) a heat generation segment located adjacent to the lighting end segment, and (ii) an aerosol-generation region located between the heat generation segment and the mouth end piece. The aerosol-generation region incorporates an aerosol-forming material (e.g., glycerin and flavors).

Abstract: A subdividing apparatus for use in an cut tobacco expanding system comprises a primary de-clumper arranged to receive a tobacco cake of impregnated cut tobacco taken out of an impregnation container and subdivide the received tobacco cake into tobacco loaves, and a secondary de-clumper arranged to receive the tobacco loaves from the primary de-clumper, subdivide the received tobacco loaves first into tobacco chunks and then further subdivide the tobacco chunks into tobacco lumps. The secondary de-clumper includes paired rotary rakes and a rotatable drum rake 26 located below the rotary rakes.