Abstract: A method of forming a liquor comprising tobacco solutes, the method comprising extracting tobacco solutes from tobacco by flowing an extraction solvent through tobacco to form a tobacco solutes-rich extraction solvent and a tobacco solutes-poor tobacco, and forming tobacco solutes-rich liquor by flowing the tobacco solutes-rich extraction solvent through an entrapment solvent, wherein the tobacco solutes comprise nicotine and at least one tobacco flavor compound and/or tobacco aroma compound and the liquor comprises the tobacco solutes dissolved in the entrapment solvent. A preferred extraction solvent comprises a supercritical fluid. Also provided are cigarettes and cigarette components comprising extracted tobacco solutes such as flavor compounds, aroma compounds and nicotine. Further, tobacco from which aroma compounds and/or nicotine have been extracted can be used in cigarettes.

Abstract: The invention relates to the extrusion of filamentary strands of reconstituted tobacco through a die plate and the downstream handling thereof. The die plate is configured such that each filament is of a square or rectangular cross-section, the downstream handling of which effects draw down of the extruded filament.

Abstract: A green tea-based cigarette is made from a blend comprising 60-70 wt % of dry green tea leaves, each being 1-5 mm in width and 5-15 mm in length, as a main component, 25-35 wt % of cut dry tobacco leaves, and 3-7 wt % of tobacco spice; a blend comprising 80-90 wt % of the cut dry green tea leaves, 5-15 wt % of cinnamon powder and 3-7 wt % of tobacco spice; or a blend comprising 93-97 wt % of cinnamon-infused cut dry green tea leaves which are obtained by soaking 80-90 wt % of the cut dry green tea leaves in a cinnamon extract solution, and 3-7 wt % of tobacco spice. The cigarette gives flavor and tastes similar to those of conventional tobacco, catering to conventional smokers' tastes.

Abstract: A hair accessory for decorating and supplementing a user's natural hair. The hair accessory comprises a cylindrical member having a predetermined size and shape capable of supporting one's hair wrapped there around. The cylindrical member has a first end, a second end, and a body portion extending between the first and second end. A first ornamental member, such as a flower, ribbon, beads, and the like, is secured to at least one of the first and second end of the cylindrical member. A second ornamental member, such as simulated hair, is secured to the body portion of the cylindrical member. A securing means is provided for securing a length of one's hair about the body portion of the cylindrical member to achieve a desired hairstyle. A method of fabricating a hair accessory is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for applying eye lashes using artificial eyelashes includes the steps of: providing an object of having upper eye lashes and lower eye lashes; providing a set of artificial eyelashes having a predetermined length; applying an attaching element onto a portion of the at least one of the artificial eyelashes; and connecting the portion of one of the artificial eyelashes with one of the upper eye lashes such that a gap exist between the artificial eyelashes along the one of the upper eye lashes between a tip of the port and upper eyelid.

Abstract: A comb is provided that comprises a ball level with indicia designed to indicate the angles for the positions of the comb needed for cutting hair styles accurately. The ball level comprises a transparent, spherical container filled with a liquid and containing a bubble or marker that is lighter in weight than the liquid. The bubble always floats to the vertical top of the container in whatever position the container is placed. The ball level further comprises indicia, such as degree numbers and vertical and horizontal lines, that indicate angles. To position the comb at the proper angle for a hair style, the user holds the comb so that the bubble or marker moves to the correct indicia for that angle. Because the ball level is spherical, the indicia may be seen when the comb is held in many different positions.

Abstract: An apparatus suitable for ultrasonically cleaning objects is disclosed. The apparatus includes a housing and a cleaning chamber within the housing. The apparatus also includes drainer that can be moved between a cleaning position in a lower region of the apparatus and a draining position in an upper region of the apparatus. The drainer is configured to engage at least a portion of the upper region of the housing to thereby position the drainer in the draining position. The apparatus also includes a transducer for transmitting ultrasonic energy into the cleaning chamber.

Abstract: In a method of removing particles on an object in accordance with one aspect of the present invention, air is injected into a space where the object is placed to remove foreign substances in the space. A first light is irradiated onto the object to remove charges in the object. A second light is irradiated onto the object to remove moisture droplets between the object and the particles. A third light is irradiated onto the object to remove static electricity between the object and the particles. The particles are then blown off from the object. Thus, an adhesion force between the particles and the object may be removed so that the particles may be readily blown off from the object.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for cleaning a multilayer substrate, comprising steps of forming a protective film on a surface of the SiGe layer of an outermost surface layer in the multilayer substrate and then cleaning the protective film with a cleaning liquid capable of etching the protective film so that the protective film remains, a method for bonding substrates, wherein an outermost surface layer of the multilayer substrate cleaned by the cleaning method and a surface of another substrate are bonded, and a method for producing a bonded wafer, comprising steps of, forming a Si1-XGex layer and a protective layer on a surface of a Si single crystal bond wafer in order, performing ion implantation through the protective layer thereby to form an ion implanted layer, cleaning the bond wafer, superposing closely a surface of the protective layer and a base wafer, then performing delamination at the ion implanted layer, forming a thermal oxide film on a surface of the delaminated layer transferred to the b

Abstract: An optical fiber connector cleaner (1) comprises a housing (10), a winding means (32) and a delivery means (34) for a cleaning tape (T) which are disposed in the housing, a cleaning means (20) having a bar-like cleaning section (21) projecting outwardly of the housing, on the front-end of the cleaning section the cleaning tape delivered from the delivery means being movably mounted under tension in an exposed state, the front-end of the cleaning section being brought into contact with the end surface of an optical fiber connector to thereby clean the end surface, a cleaning section rotating means (23) coaxially connected to the cleaning section in the housing and rotatably supported with respect to the housing; and a transmission means (40) which rotates the winding means and the cleaning section rotating means substantially simultaneously in a predetermined direction through a predetermined angle and then reverses the cleaning section rotating means to its original position.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cleaning assembly for use in a media processing device. In various embodiments, the cleaning assembly includes a first roller that at least partially engages a second roller, and a media feed path that passes between the first roller and the second roller. There may also be a third roller that at least partially engages the second roller, and which may be replaceable. In one embodiment, the second roller defines a surface adherence that is greater than a surface adherence of the first roller and the third roller defines a surface adherence that is greater than the surface adherence of the second roller. As a result, the present invention provides a cleaning assembly capable of cleaning opposed surfaces of a media unit in a single pass.

Abstract: A conveyor dishwasher includes a storage tank for holding sprayed final rinse liquid and a controllable liquid transfer device for transferring liquid from the storage tank to at least one wash zone as a function of a liquid demand in at least one of the wash zones.

Abstract: A head is provided which includes a first surface of the head capable of being in close proximity to the wafer surface, and includes a first conduit region on the head where the first conduit region is defined for delivery of a first fluid to wafer of the surface and the first conduit region is defined in a center portion of the head. The head further includes a second conduit region on the head which surrounds the first conduit region, and includes a third conduit region on the head which is defined for delivery of a second fluid to the wafer surface. The third conduit region semi-encloses the first conduit region and the second conduit region. The second conduit region enables a removal of the first fluid and the second fluid. The delivery of the first fluid and the second fluid combined with the removal by the third conduit region of the head defines a controllable meniscus.

Abstract: A device is provided for monitoring a wash process inside a mechanical washing apparatus, comprising sensor means for measuring physical and/or mechanical parameters of the wash process and recording means for recording the measured parameters within the device. This device comprises means for conducting a washing liquor past the sensor means and means for determining a certain contact time between the washing liquor and the sensor means.

Abstract: English cane for a person with mobility impairment, comprising in its internal part a linear actuator (7) likely to transfer pulling and pushing loads and having on one hand a pair of toothed belts (18, 18?) equipped respectively with regularly spaced pads(19, 19?) on their face opposed to the toothed face, and having on the other hand driving members (11, 11?) positioned on the opposed sides of said pair of toothed belts (18, 18?) and cooperating with actuating means to allow the pads (19, 19?) of said belts (18, 18?) to engage with one another, with the result that said belts are flexible and mutually independent at a first length on one side or upstream of the driving members (11, 11?), while at a second length on the opposite side or downstream of said driving members (11, 11?) said belts are securely attached and extend in a straight line as an integral rigid bar suitable to transfer pushing loads as well as pulling loads.

Abstract: A walker with a foldable mechanism comprising an actuator which has an operating lever and an actuating groove. The actuator is rotated when a user laterally moves the operating lever, whereby an actuating groove pushes a positioning rod upward so as to release a fixed frame from a locked position into a folded state, thereby improving the safety of the user while the walker is use.

Abstract: The present invention provides a foldable tent frame comprising a certain number of braces and connection sets connecting the adjacent braces, the connection set includes two connection pieces hinged together in dull connection, wherein one connection piece has a cut-away groove along the axial at the open end to form a pair of opposite groove sides, and a through cutting groove formed at the front side crossing the both sides of the cut-away groove; another connection piece extends a tongue at the front end for correspondently plugging into the cut-away groove, and a slotted-eye is formed on the middle portion of the tongue, and coordinating to the cut-away groove, said tongue has a rim formed at the root, and a cam is ex-tended from the surface of the rim coordinating to the cutting groove. In this case, as pitching up the tent frame, the whole tent is braced stably without any falling down.

Abstract: A semi-permanent shelter including first and second side frames that are spaced apart by a predetermined distance. Lateral and top fabric portions span the predetermined distance and are attached to side frames. Optionally, the side frames may include fabric portions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a membrane wall element for erecting a tent or shed-type construction, at least two wall membranes (1A, 1B) being fixed to at least two opposing end sections. When fixed, said wall membranes are interspaced by means of at least one rigid spacer element (2), such that a cavity (6) is formed between the same.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for improved thermal isolation for thermoelectric devices are disclosed. In one embodiment, a thermoelectric device includes a first substrate portion having a first p-type conductive portion electrically coupled to a first n-type conductive portion, and a second substrate portion having a second p-type conductive portion and a second n-type conductive portion, the second substrate portion being positioned proximate to the first substrate portion such that the first and second p-type conductive portions are approximately aligned and the first and second n-type conductive portions are approximately aligned, wherein the first and second p-type conductive portions are spaced apart to form a first gap, and the first and second n-type conductive portions are spaced apart to form a second gap.

Abstract: Each of multiple solar cell arrays has a face oriented differently relative to the direction from which solar radiation is incident on a motor vehicle and a characteristic voltage/current output correlated with the intensity of incident solar radiation for converting the incident solar radiation into electricity. A processor processes data related to the voltage/current output from each array as the array is converting solar radiation into electricity for selectively connecting the arrays in configurations correlated with the intensity of incident solar radiation. The arrays provide supplemental electricity to keep the vehicle battery charged preventing certain small loads from draining the battery while the vehicle is parked with its engine off. The arrays can be advantageously mounted in outside rearview mirror assemblies.

Abstract: The present invention provides a beam splitter that comprising a body having at least one substantially flat surface. The surface has surface regions arranged to receive radiation at respective incidence angle ranges. At least some of the incidence angle ranges of the radiation received by the respective surface regions differ from one another and each surface region has a respective optical property such that the influence of the respective incident angle range on the wavelength range of reflected and/or transmitted radiation is reduced.

Abstract: In a rotary drive for rotating a panel-shaped solar module, rotary pulses with a limited rotational path are introduced from outside only by step. A rotatable gear disk in the rotary drive has a regularly ratcheted control contour with ratchet units like teeth. In cooperation with a control member, what this attains is that the rotatable gear disk returns to a defined stable starting/center position when rotating up to a limiting angle, but when the limiting angle is exceeded advances at least one ratchet unit. The solar module is connected rotation-fast to the gear disk. What this embodiment attains is that the positioning accuracy of the solar module is largely independent of the rotary pulse introduced from outside. This means that a group of rotary drives can be rotated jointly with a central drive via mechanical coupling links, and despite the inaccuracies of a mechanical coupling there is good and uniform positioning accuracy for the individual solar modules.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure is described, including a semiconductor substrate of one conductivity type; and an amorphous semiconductor layer disposed on at least one of its surfaces. The amorphous semiconductor layer is compositionally graded through its depth, from substantially intrinsic at the interface with the substrate, to substantially conductive at the opposite side. Photovoltaic devices which include such a structure are also disclosed, as are solar modules made from one or more of the devices. Related methods are also described.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure is described, including a semiconductor substrate and an amorphous semiconductor layer disposed on the front side of the semiconductor substrate, wherein the amorphous semiconductor layer is compositionally graded through its depth, from substantially intrinsic at the interface with the substrate, to substantially conductive at the opposite side. A plurality of front contacts are disposed on the backside of the substrate, and a plurality of vias formed through the substrate, wherein the plurality of vias are filled with a conductive material configured to electrically couple the amorphous semiconductor layer to one of the plurality of front contacts. Back contacts are disposed such that they are interdigitated with the front contacts. Related methods are also described.

Abstract: A two-way check valve includes a sleeve, a connection head, a valve stem eject-rod, a first valve body, a second valve body, a first pressure adjustment module, a second pressure adjustment module and an intake connector. The sleeve is threaded over the valve stem eject-rod and the intake connector at opposite ends thereof, respectively. The connection head is disposed at the valve stem eject-rod. The sleeve has a first sleeve portion and a second sleeve portion. A first receiving chamber and a second receiving chamber are respectively defined in the first sleeve portion and the second sleeve portion. The first receiving chamber receives the second valve body therein. The second valve body is defined with a receiving room therein for receiving the first valve body and the first pressure adjustment module. The second receiving chamber receives the second pressure adjustment module.

Abstract: An enclosed valve module for a fluid-distribution system comprises a first main passageway for a fluid, a plurality of first branch passageways for the fluid, and a first plurality of valves with each of the valves selectively providing communication between the first main passageway and an associated one of the plurality of first branch passageways with a housing provided about the first plurality of valves, with the housing having an opening providing access to the first plurality of valves and with the opening being selectively closed by a member arranged to releasably and sealingly engage the housing about the opening with the first main passageway and each of the plurality of first branch passageways extending from inside of the housing to outside of the housing with the housing providing a substantially air-tight enclosure for the plurality of valves when the member sealingly engages the housing about said opening.

Abstract: A method of controlling dispensing of a liquid can include detecting a predetermined shape of a surface of a liquid in a container by reflecting optical radiation from the surface to control a volume of the liquid dispensed into the container. Related apparatus and computer program products are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides valves of the type employing a differential pressure regulator and a characterized valve with a mechanism to enhance control of fluid flow independently of system pressure. The valves of the invention are especially suitable for HVAC applications, and provide operation with improved accuracy over a greater flow range with a reduced risk of hunting. In one preferred aspect, the invention provides improvements by the employment in the differential pressure regulator of a diaphragm with a cup arranged to provide a small leakage, thereby dampening the response of the regulator. In another aspect, a baffle is provided to protect the downstream side of a control disk forming part of the differential pressure regulator.

Abstract: Disclosed is a check valve (5) that is screwed into a threaded bore (1) of a housing (2) of a hydraulic subassembly between a first pressure side (26) and a second pressure side (27) by means of an external thread (11) which is disposed in a first cylinder section (8) of a cylindrical valve housing (6) of the check valve (5). A passage duct (39) which allows a hydraulic fluid to flow between the sidewall of the threaded bore (1) and a first removed portion (16) of the surface area (10) of the cylindrical valve housing (6) is embodied in at least one angular segment (a1, a2, and a3) of the valve housing (6).

Abstract: A portable fluid transfer method and apparatus for moving a fluid from a source to a destination. The apparatus comprises a pump driven by an air motor, an activating valve, a needle valve for adjusting the flow of air from the air motor, and connections to the source of fluid that allow the fluid to be contained throughout the transfer to the destination.

Abstract: A valve is provided with a valve housing encompassing a pressure chamber and possessing at least two valve ports which open into the pressure chamber, whereby, in the pressure chamber at least one axially slidable valve stem exists, which controls at least one of the valve ports and which the at least one valve stem is movable between a closed position and an open position. The valve further encompasses at least one wire or band shaped SMA element, the element having an SMA, as well as possessing a resetting element for the movement of the valve stems into the closure direction. The valve seat carries on its first end a port closing closure disk, whereby its second end is axially guided within the pressure chamber on a base plate which the plate extends itself transversely to the valve stems.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a utility hot and cold water mixing system consisting of three components, a hot water Y-coupler with a flow control ball valve on one side, a central Y-coupler with a flow control ball valve and a cold water Y-coupler on the other side. A unique configuration derived by twisting the connecting hoses maintains the central Y-coupler in an upright position. The system has been designed to mount to the hot and cold water faucets used by the washing machine no matter what the spacing is. It allows the temperature of the water to be preset so that each time the control valve is opened the proper temperature water is provided and no adjustments are required while providing full pressure hot and cold water to a washing machine.

Abstract: Proportional pressure control valve with a magnetic part and a valve part, the valve part has an inflow opening for the inflow stream, a first outflow opening for the filling stream, and a second outflow opening for the tank volume stream, and has a ball seat, a flat seat with an opening, a closing part for controlling the throughput quantity through the opening of the flat seat, and a stream diverter. The inflow opening faces away from the magnetic part and coaxially to its longitudinal axis, and the outflow openings are constructed on the side wall of the valve part radially to its longitudinal axis, so that fluid flowing from through the valve is exposed to a diversion of a maximum of 90°. The fluid, after flowing through the ball seat and to and through the stream diverter, experiences a diversion of less than 30°.

Abstract: In a direction control valve, a bottom face of an insertion hole of a first movable member is at a predetermined distance from a second movable member with respect to a first axial direction when communication between a first communication switching port and a communication object port is made and communication between a second communication switching port and the communication object port is broken. The bottom face contacts and pushes the second movable member in a second axial direction opposite to the first axial direction after the first movable member moves in the second axial direction by the predetermined distance while the first and second movable members move in the second axial direction to switch a port communicating with the communication object port from the first communication switching port to the second communication switching port.

Abstract: An electro-hydraulic servovalve (EHSV) (10) that includes a nozzle (16), a motor (12) operably connected to the nozzle (16) for controlling the position of the nozzle (16) based on current provided to the motor (12), a spool (18) having first and second ends (22,26) slidably mounted in a sleeve (34) having first and second ends (31,33) and a first land (21) near the first end (22), a first passage (40) extending from near the nozzle (16) to the first end (31) of the sleeve (34), a second passage (42) extending from near the nozzle (16) to the second end (33) of the sleeve (34), the spool (18) shifting to a first fail-safe position when the current is below a first predetermined level and latching in a second fail-safe position different than the first fail-safe position when the current exceeds a second predetermined level greater than the first predetermined level.

Abstract: A faucet includes an outlet pipe and a switch member. The switch member is fitted on the outlet pipe near a water outlet and provided thereon with a pull handle able to be pushed to turn around. The push handle can be pushed to turn on or turn off the switch member on the faucet and can also be washed clean by water flowing down out of the outlet pipe, able to prevent bacteria from spreading and having great practicability.

Abstract: A vacuum chamber inlet device includes a gas providing element (10), a plurality of flow control element (20), and a plurality of gas input elements (30). The gas providing element has an inlet (11) and a plurality of outlets (12). The flow control elements are connected to the outlets of the gas input element. Each of the gas input elements has a first end (31) and a second end (32). The first end is connected to the flow control elements, and the second end is disposed in the vacuum chamber. A gas vent (33) is formed on the second end.

Abstract: An isolation tool for closing a pipeline including a packer module having a cylindrical body member and at least one ring of elastomeric material slidably received on the cylindrical body, the ring being radially outwardly compressible in response to axial force, and including a grip module having a central body with a plurality of at least three rails radially extending in spaced apart relationship from the central body, each rail having an edge inclined at an angle to a longitudinal axis, a grip shoe contoured to bite into the pipe interior wall surface slidably supported on each inclined edge and a hydraulic cylinder/piston member secured to translate the grip shoes on the rail edges, the grip module being linked to and serving to selectable anchor the packer module in the pipeline.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pipe for transporting fuel, the pipe comprising an inner tube and an outer tube that are coaxial with a space being maintained between them by spacer means, the outer tube comprising an outer layer and an inner layer, the inner layer being helically corrugated and free relative to the inner tube so as to form the spacer means. The invention also provides a method of fabricating said pipe.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for optically monitoring a woven web of endless fabric on a mechanical weaving loom or a winding device. The monitoring device includes a holding element and extends over the entire width of the woven web of endless fabric. The monitoring device is directly in contact with the woven web of endless fabric and is held indirectly on the mechanical weaving loom, in the region between a delivering roller and the winding of the web of endless fabric onto a cloth beam or a large roller parallel to the delivery roller. The holding element has an axle located on the monitoring device and an axle located on the mechanical weaving loom, the two axles extending parallel to each other and being interconnected by a pivoting arm.

Abstract: A method for producing a reinforcing fiber woven fabric of the invention is a method for producing a reinforcing fiber 1 for weaving the reinforcing fiber as at least a warp 2. The yarn width of at least the warp 2 constituting the woven fabric is widened in the direction of the weft 3 by reciprocating cylindrical bodies 4 in the direction of the warp 2 of the woven fabric while rolling the cylindrical bodies 4 in a pressurization state to the woven fabric 1 A apparatus for producing a reinforcing fiber woven fabric of the invention comprising: a guide roller 5 which comes into contact with the surface of a reinforcing woven fabric continuously passing through at a predetermined winding angle and rotates; a plurality of cylindrical bodies 4 rotatably supported on the woven fabric which comes into contact with the surface of the guide roller 5; and driving parts 6 to 10 for reciprocating the cylindrical bodies in the direction of the warp 2 of the woven fabric.

Abstract: An improved bottle filler assembly for filling bottles from kegged carbonated or non carbonated beverages without carbonation loss or oxidation that is intuitive to use, sanitize, and keep free of bacteria. In the preferred embodiment, a long hose gradually reduces the pressure of the beverage on the way to the filler. Two tubes are placed inside each other forming an annulus where CO2 can be forced to the bottom of the bottle via a CO2 valve thereby purging the bottle of air (O2). A valve seat placed on the bottom of the tubes allows the beverage to flow into the bottle from the bottom by depressing a trigger.

Abstract: A gasoline vapor recycling system for gasoline tank includes a route control valve installed on a breathing valve piping of a gasoline tank to control change of gasoline vapor path, and a discharge processing apparatus which has an intake pipe connecting to the route control valve and a gasoline return pipe connecting to the breathing valve piping via a check valve. The discharge processing apparatus has a sensor to monitor the pressure of the saturated gasoline vapor in the gasoline tank. A control element activates a delivery unit or directly actuates the route control valve to direct the gasoline vapor that otherwise will be discharged through the breathing valve piping into the discharge processing apparatus. The gasoline vapor is processed by a compressing unit and a processing unit for separating of liquid and vapor, and purifying of the vapor. A portion of the gasoline vapor flows back to the gasoline tank via the gasoline return pipe.

Abstract: A seal assembly is provided for a fill pipe of a vehicle fuel system to provide a pliable seal between an end of the fuel pipe and a refueling nozzle inserted in the fill pipe.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a non-oriented electrical steel with improved magnetic properties and improved resistance to ridging, brittleness, nozzle clogging and magnetic aging. The chromium bearing steel is produced from a steel melt which is cast as a thin slab or conventional slab, cooled, hot rolled and/or cold rolled into a finished strip. The finished strip is further subjected to at least one annealing treatment wherein the magnetic properties are developed, making the steel sheet of the present invention suitable for use in electrical machinery such as motors or transformers.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a conversion film obtained by contacting a treating solution based on trivalent chromium with zinc or zinc alloy plating layers, which film does not contain hexavalent chromium, which film has corrosion resistance identical to that of the conversion film obtained by the conventional chromate treatment based on hexavalent chromium, and furthermore which has an overall friction coefficient identical to or lower than that of the conventional hexavalent chromate conversion film. The present invention also provides an agent for reducing a conversion film overall friction coefficient for a trivalent chromate treating solution, which agent contains a quinoline based compound or its derivative.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a CoPtP thin film having very high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and a method for manufacturing the same. The method for manufacturing a CoPtP alloy thin film according to the present invention includes the steps of preparing an electroplating solution including CoSO4·7 H2O at 0.05˜0.2 M, H2PtCl6 at 0.005˜0.02 M, and NaH2PO2 at 0.01˜0.4 M, and dipping a basic material into the electroplating solution and forming the CoPtP alloy thin film on the basic material by electroplating at a low temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a iron material with graphite flakes, which in a simple manner allows the respective optimal properties to be adjusted for a wide product range by varying the contents of the respective alloy components. For this purpose, cast iron material according to the invention comprises (in % by weight) 3.4 to 4.1% C, 0.9 to 1.4% Si, 0.4 to 0.7% Mn, 0.4 to 0.6% Cu, 0.01 to 0.04% S, 0.003 to 0.007% O2, ?0.04% P and iron and unavoidable impurities as the remainder. In addition, the following may optionally be included singly or in combination 0.15 to 0.45% Mo, 0.005 to 0.02% La, 0.0005 to 0.01% Sr, 0.05 to 0.8% Ni, 0.005 to 0.1% V, 0.05 to 0.15% Sn, 0.05 to 0.08% N and 0.01 to 0.02% Ce. In this case 0.85%?Sc?1.05% applies to the degree of saturation Sc=C %/4.26?0.3*(Si %+P %), and 1.97%?MEG?2.07% applies to the respective quantity % MEG=2.25%?0.2 Si %.

Abstract: A steel material having a good resistance to corrosion, consisting of an alloy containing in % by weight: max 0.12 C 0.5-1.5 N 12-18 Cr max 0.5 Mn max 0.5 Ni 1-5 (Mo+W/2) max 1.5 (V+Nb/2+Ti) 0.1-0.5 Si from traces and up to max 2.0 Co from traces and up to max 0.1 S balance iron and essentially only impurities at normal contents.