Abstract: A playing surface structure includes a resin impregnated textile layer (1) having a resin bonded layer of particulate rubber (7) adherent to its undersurface and overlying a fibrous random pile mat (8) incorporating a random pile layer (9) and a relatively compact, resin impregnated backing layer (10).

Abstract: The invention is directed to a composite sheet suitable for use as artificial leather or a precursor to artificial leather, where both surfaces have a napped or brushed appearance. The composite sheet comprises a low-density, lightly bonded non-woven web that is stitch-bonded and bulked such that the stitch-bonding yarns are not visible to the naked eyes without the need of post-processing steps to hide the yarns. The composite sheet may have binder resin(s) dispersed therein and activated.

Abstract: This invention relates to a coextruded, transparent, biaxially oriented polyester film comprising a base layer (B) and a heatsealable top layer (A) which is peelable from at least the APET side of an APET/CPET tray, the heatsealable and peelable top layer (A) consisting of a) 50–95% by weight of polyester and b) 5–40% by weight of a polyester-incompatible polymer (=anti-PET polymer) based on the mass of the top layer (A), wherein c) the polyester is composed of 20–95 mol % of units derived from at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid and 5–80 mol % of units derived from at least one aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, and d) the layer thickness dA is from 1.3 to 3.0 ?m. The invention further relates to a process for producing the film and to its use.

Abstract: A resilient floor covering with a regenerative, dirt-repellent surface contains a matrix based on natural and/or synthetic materials and at least one substance that is capable of migrating within the matrix and the amount of the substance is in excess of its compatibility in the matrix. The resilient floor covering according to the invention preferably has an embossed surface and a matrix, into which a particulate material with greater hardness than that of the matrix is incorporated. The floor covering is characterized by improved soiling behavior and increased wear resistance.

Abstract: A material for dielectric films is a polymerizable composition containing an organic solvent, and an adamantanepolycarboxylic acid derivative represented by following Formula (1): wherein X is hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group or R4; R1, R2, R3 and R4 and are each independently a protected or unprotected carboxyl group, etc.; and Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are each independently a single bond or a bivalent aromatic cyclic group; and an aromatic polyamine derivative represented by following Formula (2): wherein Ring Z is a monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic ring; and R5, R6, R7 and R8 are each a substituent bound to Ring Z and are each independently a protected or unprotected amino group, etc., dissolved in the organic solvent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a white, biaxially oriented film which comprises a crystallizable thermoplastic as main componet and is characterized by further comprising at least one UV-stabilizer, at least one white pigment and at least one flame-proofing agent, which is soluble in the thermoplastic and introduced directly, during the film production, by masterbatch technology, whereby the masterbatch is pre-conditioned by gradual heating under reduced pressure and with stirring.

Abstract: An easily slidable polyimide film having a polyimide surface layer comprising a polyimide which is thermoplastic and has a glass transition temperature of 190–450° C., wherein there are dispersed in the polyimide of the polyimide surface layer, in a proportion of approximately 0.5–10 mass % based on the polyimide of the polyimide surface layer, wholly aromatic polyimide particles made of a polyimide comprising at least 80 mass % of a pyromellitic acid component and a p-phenylenediamine component, and having a median size of 0.3–0.8 ?m and a maximum size of no greater than 2 ?m, in at least about 1 ?m of the polyimide surface layer.

Abstract: A component such as a siding panel comprised of a PVC/wood flour composite. Another embodiment is a component such as a siding panel that is made from a PVC/CPE/wood flour composite. The cellulosic composite may be extruded through a die and then bent into the shape of the component. Optionally, a reinforcement backer (e.g., an expanded polystyrene foam panel) may be adhered to the cellulosic composite siding.

Abstract: An adhesive tape comprising a backing and a layer of adhesive on the backing. The backing comprises a biaxially oriented substrate which comprises an isotactic polypropylene composition. The tapes and backings of this invention can be severed readily using commercial tape dispensers having metal or plastic cutting teeth to produce cleanly serrated cut edges on the tape. The biaxially oriented substrate is preferably made from a resin comprising an isotactic polypropylene homopolymer having a melt flow rate greater than 8 grams/10 minutes, more preferably greater than 12 grams/10 minutes, and still more preferably greater than about 20 grams/10 minutes. One preferred way to obtain such a resin is to blend: A) at least one isotactic polypropylene homopolymer “A” having a weight average molecular weight of at least 350,000 grams/mole and melt a flow rate of about 0.5–8 grams/10 minutes, more preferably about 0.

Abstract: A structure, which has both a drug holding capability and a sustained release ability utilizing a liposome and mechanical strength of a polyhydroxyalkanoate. This structure is excellent in holding capability for hydrophilic drugs and other water-soluble substances, as well as lipophilic drugs and other hydrophobic substances, and is capable of controlling the sustained release ability. The polyhydroxyalkanoate coats at least a part of the outer wall of the liposome.

Abstract: The invention relates to core-shell particles comprising a shell which forms a matrix, and a core which is essentially solid and has an essentially monodisperse size distribution, the refractive index of the core material being different from that of the shell material. The invention especially relates to the use of said particles for producing sensors for detecting mechanical forces and sensors having an optical effect, essentially consisting of core-shell particles comprising a shell which forms a matrix and a core which is essentially solid and has an essentially monodisperse size distribution, the refractive index of the core material being different from that of the shell material. The inventive particles are characterised in that at least one contrast material is stored in the matrix.

Abstract: A glass-ceramic is provided having a thermal expansion coefficient in a range of 4.0 to 8.5 ppm/° C., a dielectric constant in a range of 5–7 and a Quality factor Q of at least 400. The glass-ceramic consists essentially of SiO2 in a range of 40–55 wt %, Al2O3 in a range of 7–22 wt %, MgO in a range of 6 to less than 26 wt %, and at least one of BaO in an amount up to 35 wt %, SrO in an amount up to 37 wt % and ZnO in an amount up to 17 wt %. An electronic package is also provided, including one of a metal and sintered ceramic base member and a glass-ceramic substrate bonded to the base member.

Abstract: A fuser member component to fuse the transferred developed image to the copy substrate, wherein the fuser member includes a substrate, an outer polymeric layer, and a release agent material coating on the outer polymeric layer, and the release agent material coating includes a T-type amino-functional siloxane release agent material having amino-functional groups, and the T-type amino-functional siloxane release agent material has the following Formula I: wherein A represents —R4—X, wherein R4 represents an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 10 carbons, X represents —NH2 or —NHR5NH2 with R5 representing an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 10 carbons; R1 and R2 are the same or different and each is selected from the group consisting of an alkyl having from about 1 to about 25 carbons, an aryl having from about 4 to about 10 carbons, and an arylalkyl; R3 is a substituted diorganosiloxane chain having from about 1 to about 500 siloxane units; b and c are numbers and are the same or different and

Abstract: Herein is disclosed an oxygen barrier composition comprising an oxygen barrier polymer and an oxygen scavenging polymer. The composition can be in the form of a physical blend or a cross-linked blend, and can further comprise a compatibilizer, a transesterification catalyst, or both. Preferably, the oxygen barrier polymer is poly(ethylene/vinyl alcohol) (EVOH), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or polyamide other than MXD6. Preferably, the oxygen scavenging polymer comprises an ethylenic backbone and a pendant cyclic olefinic group, or the oxygen scavenging polymer is a polyamide derived at least in part from a xylene diamine-based monomer. The oxygen barrier composition can be formed into an oxygen barrier layer of a packaging article. Such layers and articles, and methods for making same, are also disclosed.

Abstract: An electronic device on a plastic substrate, at least one side of the device being protected from reaction with or incorporation of moisture by a composite barrier. The composite barrier may contain, for example, multiple layers of transparent conductive oxide separated by one or more vacuum-evaporated in-situ polymerized organic layers, or may contain multiple barrier layers of transparent conductive oxide, transparent metal, or transparent conductive metal nitride, separated by at least one layer of organic dielectric polymer.

Abstract: A thermal barrier coating composition is provided. The composition has a base oxide, a primary stabilizer, and at least two additional cationic oxide dopants. Preferably, a pair of group A and group B defect cluster-promoting oxides is used in conjunction with the base and primary stabilizer oxides. The new thermal barrier coating is found to have significantly lower thermal conductivity and better sintering resistance. In preferred embodiments, the base oxide is selected from zirconia and hafnia. The group A and group B cluster-promoting oxide dopants preferably are selected such that the group A dopant has a smaller cationic radius than the primary stabilizer oxide, and so that the primary stabilizer oxide has a small cationic radius than that of the group B dopant.

Abstract: A black galvanized steel sheet including a composite coating layer formed on a surface of a blackened galvanized steel sheet by applying a treatment solution containing a phosphate ion, a vanadate ion, a metal ion, an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid and a glycoluril resin; and an organic resin layer formed on the composite coating layer, is provided. The black galvanized steel sheet is excellent in heat absorption and heat dissipation, electrical conductance, and corrosion resistance in a worked portion. Furthermore, the black galvanized steel sheet does not include hexavalent chromium.

Abstract: An organic EL display device is provided, which includes a transparent electrode, a counter electrode spaced away from the transparent electrode, a light emitting layer interposed between the transparent electrode and the counter electrode, and a hole transferring layer interposed between the transparent electrode and the light emitting layer. This hole transferring layer comprises a triaryl amine compound which can be represented by any one of general formulas (8), (9), (10) and (11) illustrated in the specification.

Abstract: A novel bathophenanthroline compound of the general formula [I] or [II] is provided wherein R1 and R2 may be the same or different and independently represent a linear, branched or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, or a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group provided that at least one of R1 and R2 has at least two carbon atoms, and wherein Ar1 and Ar2 may be the same or different and independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group. A process for preparing the compound is also provided wherein bathophenanthroline and an organolithium compound are subjected to nucleophilic substitution reaction to obtain the compound of the above formula [I] or [II].

Abstract: A magnetic head that uses a thick AP coupling layer in an AP-tab structure. The head includes a free layer having an active area and tab regions on opposite sides of the active area. An antiparallel (AP) coupling layer is formed above the free layer. In one embodiment, the AP coupling layer has a thickness of 15 ? or more. In another embodiment, the AP coupling layer is formed of Ir, and preferably has a thickness of 15 ? or more. A bias layer is formed above each of the tab portions of the free layer, magnetic moments of the tab regions of the free layer being pinned antiparallel to the magnetic moments of the bias layers.

Abstract: A magnetic recording layer having polycrystalline chemical ordered (COX)3Pt or (COX)3PtY alloys. The additive X comprises Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, B, or C, or any combination thereof. The additive Y comprises B, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, P, CaO, CoO, B2O3, ZnO, NbO, Mo2O3, Co2O3, C, Cr, P, TiO2, Cr2O3, MnO, ZrO2, or BaO. The ratio of (CoX) to Pt is 2.33 to 4.00, plus or minus 5%. The additive Y may range from approximately 0 to 20% of the entire composition. The magnetic layer may be a constituent layer in a hard disc drive magnetic recording medium.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising a support and a magnetic layer containing an abrasive, a binder and ferromagnetic powder dispersed in the binder, wherein the magnetic layer has a thickness of from 20 to 500 nm, the abrasive has a Mohs' hardness of 5 or more and a relative abrasive velocity of less than 200, and value A of a relational expression A=K/Z of an average particle size K of the abrasive and the thickness Z of the magnetic layer is from 0.1 to 3.0.

Abstract: An integrated battery by incorporating battery elements, supercapscitors elements, and miniaturized electronic controllers within a single housing is devised. The supercapacitors provide a load leveling for the battery elements at both charging and discharging. So long as the rated working voltage of supercapacitor is complied, the capacitor can be charged with charging currents of any magnitude. Then, the energy stored in the supercapacitors can be transferred from the capacitors to the batteries resulted in fast charging and energy conservation. With load leveling provided by the supercapacitors, the batteries are set to constantly discharge at 1C or lower rates and their residual energy near the end of discharge cycle can become useful as well. Therefore, the service run time, cycle life, and energy utilization of the batteries integrated are improved.

Abstract: A core-shell composition for gas storage, comprising a hollow or porous core and a shell comprising a nanocomposite. The nanocomposite is composed of an exfoliated layered filler dispersed in a matrix material, which provides high mechanical strength to hold a high pressure gas such as hydrogen and high resistance to gas permeation. Alternatively, the porous core may contain a plurality of cavities selected from the group consisting of shell-hollow core micro-spheres, shell-porous core micro-spheres, and combinations thereof. These core-shell compositions, each capable of containing a great amount of hydrogen gas, can be used to store and feed hydrogen to fuel cells that supply electricity to apparatus such as portable electronic devices, automobiles, and unmanned aerial vehicles where mass is a major concern. A related method of storing and releasing hydrogen gas in or out of a plurality of core-shell compositions is also disclosed.

Abstract: A unit cell for a solid electrolyte fuel cell is provided with an air electrode, a fuel electrode, a solid electrolyte sandwiched between the air electrode and the fuel electrode, and a porous metallic base body joined to at lease one of the air electrode and the fuel electrode. The porous metallic base body includes a plurality of porous base body layers stacked to form a laminated structure in which one layer joined to at least one of the air electrode and the fuel electrode has porosity lower than that of the other layer not joined to at least one of the air electrode and the fuel electrode.

Abstract: A PEM fuel cell includes a cathode plate for directing a first fluid along a surface thereof. An anode plate directs a second fluid along a surface thereof. An MEA is oriented in a first direction. The MEA includes an anode face opposing the anode plate and a cathode face opposing the cathode plate. A plate margin includes first and second header apertures oriented in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. A first seal is disposed between the anode plate and the MEA. The first seal defines a first fluid communication path between the first header aperture and the anode plate. A second seal is disposed between the cathode plate and the MEA. The second seal defines a second fluid communication path between the second header aperture and the cathode plate. The first and second seals allow the first and second fluid to flow through respective passages thereon in a direction parallel the first direction.

Abstract: A header for rechargeable lithium batteries, which incorporates a riveted disconnect mechanism. The header is especially useful for rechargeable lithium batteries for high power applications.

Abstract: An electrochemical device includes an electrochemical device having an electrochemical cell located within the sealed first enclosure. The first enclosure has at least a portion that is flexible. A cavity is formed within the first enclosure so that the cavity is in fluidic communication with the electrochemical cell, and pressure inside the sealed first enclosure is less than one half pressure of pressure outside the sealed first enclosure.

Abstract: A thin film battery comprises a substrate with a front side and a back side. A first battery cell is provided on the front side of the substrate, the first battery cell including an electrolyte between a pair of electrodes. A second battery cell is provided on the back side of the substrate, the second battery cell also including an electrolyte between a pair of electrodes. The battery is capable of providing an energy density of more than 700 wh/l and a specific energy of more than 250 wh/kg. A method of annealing a deposited thin film is also described.

Abstract: A method for adjusting one or more dimensions of a photomask subsequent to etching of a defective pattern in the chrome-containing layer thereof is provided. The method includes subjecting the chrome-containing layer of a photomask to a wet etch process utilizing a solution comprising deionized water and ozone. The length of exposure is directly proportional to the degree of adjustment desired. That is, if a small adjustment in one or more dimensions of a photomask is desired, the photomask may be exposed to the deionized water and ozone solution for only a few moments, whereas if a much larger adjustment is necessary, the photomask may be exposed to the solution for several hours. Accordingly, the method of the present invention provides a way in which dimensions of a photomask may be adjusted by a small amount (e.g., a few angstroms) or more severely adjusted, for example, by 20–30 nanometers or more.

Abstract: A flare measuring mask and a flare measuring method are capable of measuring flare at high sensitivity by an optical measuring instrument. The first measuring portion has a double cross shielding area including first stripe-shaped shielding portions of the same figure aligned in parallel at regular intervals and third stripe-shaped shielding portions of the same figure aligned in parallel at regular intervals, crossing with the first shielding portions at right angles, and the second measuring portion includes second-stripe shaped shielding portions identical to the first shielding portions of the first measuring portion and fourth stripe-shaped shielding portions identical to the third shielding portions, crossing with the second shielding portions at right angles in a central portion. In the resist length measuring process, the presence of the flare is checked by measuring the length of the resist pattern corresponding to the respective shielding portions in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: Multilayer, positive working, thermally imageable, bakeable imageable elements have a substrate, an underlayer, and a top layer. The underlayer comprises a polymeric material that comprises, in polymerized form from about 5 mol % to about 30 mol % of recurring units derived from an ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable monomer having a carboxy group; from about 20 mol % to about 75 mol % of recurring units derived from N-phenylmaleimide, N-cyclohexylmaleimide, N-benzylmaleimide, or a mixture thereof; and from about 3 mol % to about 50 mol % of recurring units derived from a compound represented by the formula: CH2?C(R2)—C(O)—NH—CH2—OR1, in which R1 is C1 to C12 alkyl, phenyl, C1 to C12 substituted phenyl, C1 to C12 aralkyl, or Si(CH3)3; and R2 is hydrogen or methyl. Other materials, such as a resin or resins having activated methylol and/or activated alkylated methylol groups, such as a resole resin, may be present in the underlayer.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method of aligning a substrate and a template spaced-apart from the substrate with an activating light curable liquid disposed therebetween, the substrate having substrate alignment marks and the template having template alignment marks, the method including, reducing a distance between the substrate and the template to cause a spreading of the activating light curable liquid; and varying an overlay placement of the template with respect to the substrate such that the template alignment marks are substantially aligned with the substrate alignment marks before the spreading causes the activating light curable liquid to cover an area between the substrate alignment marks and the template alignment marks.

Abstract: A measurement mark (3) for determining the relative positional accuracy of a progressive projection onto a wafer (5), the projection being performed with two masks (3, 4), comprising two structure elements (10, 20) formed on a respective one of the masks (1, 2). The structure elements (10, 20) overlap with regard to their position on the masks so that, during the projection of the second structure element (20), an electrically conductive structure (30) formed on the basis of the first structure element on the wafer (5) is overformed by removal of a portion (31). In an electrical line width measurement, the reduced width (CD, CD30a) of the structure (30) is measured and compared either with the original width (62) or with that width (CD30b) of a further partial element (30b) produced by the overforming.

Abstract: An inspection method, includes obtaining a first optical characteristic of a projection optical system by transferring an image of an aberration measurement unit of a photomask on a first resist film coated on a first wafer by use of a first polarized exposure light; obtaining a second optical characteristic of the projection optical system by transferring the image of the aberration measurement unit on a second resist film coated on a second wafer by use of a second exposure light having a polarization state different from the first exposure light; and calculating a difference between the first and second optical characteristics.

Abstract: An aspect of the present invention includes a method of lithography to enhance uniformity of critical dimensions of features patterned onto a workpiece. Said workpiece is coated with a coating sensitive to electromagnetic radiation. An electromagnetic radiation source having an illumination intensity is provided. At least one object pixel of electromagnetic radiation is created. A predetermined pattern is exposed, by using said at least one object pixel, on at least a portion of said workpiece in a first exposure pass with a first dose to provide less than full exposure of said coating sensitive to electromagnetic radiation. Said exposing action is repeated at least until said portion of said coating sensitive to electromagnetic radiation is fully exposed, wherein said dose is increased for every following pass. Said fully exposed coating sensitive to electromagnetic radiation is developed.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to various methods of controlling exposure processes by monitoring photon levels, and various systems for accomplishing same. In one embodiment, the method comprises performing an exposure process by generating light comprised of a number of photons from a light source to expose at least a portion of a layer of photo-sensitive material, counting a number of photons incident on at least a portion of the layer of photo-sensitive material, and controlling at least one of a duration of the exposure process and an irradiance of the light source based upon the counted number of photons.

Abstract: In a semiconductor device manufacturing method, the step of calculating an exposure time of a photoresist includes (a) a step of deciding whether or not a variation of a line width of a device pattern 104 or a resist pattern 102a in a reference chip in a plurality of semiconductor wafers 101 that are manufactured in the past and have the same wafer information as an subject semiconductor wafer 101 is contained within a tolerance over a plurality of semiconductor wafers 101 in the past, and (b) a step of correcting the exposure time every chip by using an exposure correction table 22 if it is decided in the step (a) that the variation falls within the tolerance.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is disclosed having a cylindrical support and an organic photosensitive layer provided on the cylindrical support. The peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is composed of grooves formed substantially in its peripheral direction and flat portions, and in the grooves, the number of grooves each having a width in the range of from 0.5 ?m to 40 ?m is from 20 to 1,000 lines per 1,000 ?m in width in the generatrix direction of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: A titanyl phthalocyanine crystal having an X-ray diffraction spectrum having a plurality of diffraction peaks in which a maximum diffraction peak is observed at a Bragg (2 ?) angle of 27.2°±0.2° and a diffraction peak is observed at a lowest Bragg (2?) angle of 7.3°±0.2° when a specific X-ray of Cu—K? having a wavelength of 1.514 ? irradiates the titanyl phthalocyanine crystal. A photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer including the titanyl phthalocyanine crystal is also provided.

Abstract: Negatively charged coated toner particles are provided that comprise a plurality of polymeric binder particles that are substantially free of negatively charged pigment and a coating material comprising at least one negatively charged pigment coated on the outside surface of the polymeric binder particles. In one embodiment, a majority of the specific charge of the toner particles is contributed from the negatively charged pigment. In another embodiment, the toner particles are substantially free of additional charge director or charge control additive. Electrographic toner compositions comprising these particles are also provided.

Abstract: A toner includes at least a crystalline compound, a binding resin and coloring agent, wherein a differential heat quantity curve measured by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) has a clear endothermic peak at 50 to 100° C. in a first temperature rising process, and in a second temperature rising process, a peak area of the endothermic peak is reduced by ? or less with respect to the peak area of the endothermic peak in the first temperature rising process. An image forming method employs the toner.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic image is disclosed. The toner comprises toner particles comprising a resin and a colorant, and the toner comprises metal oxide particles have a domain-matrix structure comprising a domain and a matrix.

Abstract: A toner process comprising mixing a colorant dispersion with a latex, a wax dispersion, and a coagulant, and wherein the latex contains a polymer with a static yield stress of from about 0.05 to about 3 dyne/cm2, a viscosity for the polymer latex of from about 5 to about 35 centipoises (cps), and wherein said toner product possesses a volume average particle size distribution index GSDv of equal to or less than about 1.27, a number average particle size distribution index GSDn of equal to or less than about 1.30, a low number average particle size index GSDn50/16 of equal to about or less than about 1.32, and a ratio of the volume average particle size distribution index GSDv to a number average particle size distribution index GSDn of from about 0.93 to about 1.

Abstract: There are here disclosed a photoresist material for lithography using a light of 220 nm or less which comprises at least a polymer represented by the following formula (2) and a photo-acid generator for generating an acid by exposure: wherein R1, R2, R3 and R5 are each a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R4 is an acid-labile group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 7 to 13 carbon atoms, which has an acid labile group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 7 to 13 carbon atoms, which has a carboxyl group, or a hydrocarbon group having 3 to 13 carbon atoms, which has an epoxy group; R6 is a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 7 to 13 carbon atoms, which has a carboxyl group; x, y and z are optional values which meet x+y+z=1, 0<x?1, 0?y<1 and 0?z<1; and a weight-average molecular weight of the polymer is in the range of 2000 to 200000, and a resin having a (meth)acrylate unit of an alicyclic lactone structure represented by the

Abstract: Disclosed are a light absorbent agent polymer for organic anti-reflective coating which can prevent diffused light reflection of the bottom film layer or substrate and reduce standing waves caused by variation of thickness of the photoresist itself, thereby, increasing uniformity of the photoresist pattern, in a process for forming ultra-fine patterns of photoresist for photolithography by using 193 nm ArF among processes for manufacturing semiconductor device, and its preparation method. Also, the present invention discloses an organic anti-reflective coating composition comprising the light absorbent agent polymer for the organic anti-reflective coating and a pattern formation process using the coating composition.

Abstract: A developer composition for a lithographic printing plate comprising on an aluminum plate support a photosensitive layer which comprises an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, a photopolymerization initiator and a polymeric binder is disclosed, wherein the developer composition contains water in an amount of not more than 10% by weight and is substantially free from a silicate. There is also disclosed a developer solution obtained by dissolving the developer composition in water.

Abstract: The invention relates to an alkaline developer for irradiated radiation sensitive compositions, which developer is based on water and at least one inorganic salt having an alkaline reaction, wherein the developer has a pH of at least 11 and comprises at least three structurally different surfactants of formulae (A), (B) and (C), characterised in that the surfactant of formula (A) has one anionic group, the surfactant of formula (B) has two anionic groups, the surfactant of formula (C) is non-ionic and has at least one non-ionic hydrophilic group, and the concentration of each of the surfactants of formulae (A), (B) and (C) in the developer is at least 0.05 weight-% based on the total weight of the developer. The developer leads to less depositions and has a superior stability when used.

Abstract: A print medium includes a sheet. A plurality of parallel rib elements extend along the sheet and are configured to provide the sheet with anisotropic bending properties.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic lightsensitive material comprising a support having thereon at least one lightsensitive silver halide emulsion layer, wherein the lightsensitive material contains at least one compound represented by general formula (I) and at least one photographically useful group-releasing compound represented by general formula (II) or (III) that is capable of forming a compound having substantially no contribution to a dye after its coupling with an oxidized form of a developing agent: (X)k-(L)m-(A-B)n ??(I) COUP1-D1 ??(II) COUP2-C-E-D2 ??(III) The definitions of the substituents are set forth in the specification.