Abstract: This invention provides a punch blade formed with a burr inwardly projecting from an outer peripheral edge of a blade tip portion, wherein a film made of a coating liquid is formed inside a tip portion of the punch blade, a portion of the coating liquid forms a coating accumulation at the burr, and the film and the coating accumulation can form the inside of the outer peripheral edge and a periphery of the burr into smooth surfaces, so that a punch residue cut by the punch blade and the lower blade slides on the smooth surface of the film and a surface of the coating accumulation covering the burr, and falls downward, thereby providing the punch blade in which the punch residue does not remain in the blade tip portion with a simple structure.

Abstract: A pin-hole puncher has a base, a cutting die and a handle. The base has a chassis and an upper plate. A slot is defined between the chassis and the upper plate to receive with the paper. The cutting die is mounted on the chassis and has at least one blade and at least one rod which can control the down height, and each blade has a curved bottom edge. The handle bridges on an upper end of the cutting die. The cutting die is driven by the handle to cut the paper in the slot so that specific figures are shown on the paper with a three-dimensional effect and an aesthetic feeling.

Abstract: A perforator configured to perforate a sheet includes a first frame and a blade. The first frame includes a first main face having a first hole, and is provided under a transport path of the sheet. The blade is moved into the first hole to perforate the sheet transported in the transport path. A bending strength of the first main face in a vertical direction with respect to the transport path of the sheet is smaller than a bending strength of the first main face in a parallel direction with respect to the transport path of the sheet.

Abstract: In the radius end mill, main gash faces has an angle of inclination with respect to an axis that is smaller than a twist angle of chip discharge flutes. The main gash faces are formed on inner circumferential sides of distal end portions of wall surfaces that face in a tool rotation direction of helically twisted chip discharge flutes, which is formed on an outer circumference of a distal end portion of a tool body that is rotated around the axis. End cutting edges are formed on a distal end of the main gash faces. Sub gash faces has an angle of inclination with respect to the axis that is greater than that of the main gash faces. The sub gash faces are formed on an outer circumferential side of the main gash faces such that they extend away via step portions from the main gash faces.

Abstract: A link for a trenching apparatus, and an endless chain comprised of repeating sets of links constructed in accordance with the present invention, for efficient and precise trenching operations. The links are pentagonally-shaped in cross section and/or when viewed from the ends, with a top surface that includes a surface that is angled at an angle of between about 105° and about 175° relative to the direction of movement of the links around a chain-milling device. Cutting teeth are mounted in bores in this angled surface and are themselves angled relative to each other and at an angle of slightly greater than 45° relative to the direction of movement of the links when the links are pivotally linked to a plurality of other links to form an endless chain for a chain-milling device and rotated around the chain-milling device.

Abstract: A disc-shaped tool 10 includes a plurality of virtual regions formed such that it is surrounded by two radius lines extending from a rotation center of a disc-shaped base metal 11 and two concentric circles on the base metal disposed around the rotation center. A central angle formed by the two radius lines is equal to or less than 90°, and the number of the virtual regions is 4 to 24. The concentric circle located in a center of an interval of the two concentric circles forming the virtual region is in a range of 0.6 r to 0.8 r with respect to the rotation center of the base metal when a maximum gullet bottom radius of the base metal is r. An overlapping of the virtual regions continuously adjoining each other is in a range of 0° to 12°. A minimum neighborhood distance between the adjoining slits is equal to or more than 0.05 r. A ratio of a length of an arc of the central concentric circle in each virtual region with respect to the interval of the two concentric circles in the virtual region is 3 to 6.

Abstract: An improvement to the reciprocating saw blade's tip comprising of a arched/radial tip with either teeth or an abrasive grip coating on its cutting edge, allowing the penetration of most materials at a mid-surface point independent of the edges of the surface, utilizing the forward and backstroke of the reciprocating sawing action to its fullest cutting potential upon initial impact. The arched/radial tip maximizes control, extends durability, and increases the efficiency of the blade, accelerating the penetration of the cut, thus saving time, effort, and money.

Abstract: A sound modification system for a musical drum comprising a drumshell, a drumhead with an inner surface and a playing surface, and one or more mounting members adapted to be mounted to the drumhead. Each mounting member includes a first coupling member, which is fixed to the drumhead and projects outwardly from the playing surface, and a second coupling member matable to said first coupling member. Also provided is a sound altering element, which is adapted to removably engage the playing surface of the drumhead and has means cooperable with the matable first and second coupling members to form a detachable connection between the sound altering element and the drumhead. The preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a sound altering means in a hoop-like or ring configuration having a plurality of openings formed at regular intervals therein and means inserted through each of the openings to snap-fasten the sound altering means to the playing surface of the drumhead.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a guitar that has a detachable neck for ease of transport and storage. The body is attached to the neck in the preferred embodiment by means of a lever actuating clamp providing a clamping force substantially parallel with the longitudinal axis of the neck and body and the tensioned strings so that when reassembled the guitar strings regain their prior pre-assembled state of tune.

Abstract: A counterbalance assembly for attaching to an instrument to transfer the weight of an instrument from the player's hands, wrists, arms and shoulder joints to the large muscles across the top of the shoulders comprising a counterweight on one end of a shaft, the other end of which hinges at the center of balance of the instrument, where the assembly is attached to the instrument. Using the player's shoulder as the fulcrum, the assembly takes the weight of the instrument off the delicate structures of the hand and wrist, causing the instrument to “float” in front of the player. Not only does this redistribution of weight relieve the player's hands and arms of the force required to support the horn, the reduction in muscle tension allows the player greater control in the playing of the instrument.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a percussion instrument has the steps of providing a first member into a liquid with the first member having a first diameter. The first member has a first end and a second end. The method also has the step of heating the liquid and stretching the first end of the first member into a second diameter. The method further has the steps of cooling the stretched first end and fitting a skin on the first end.

Abstract: A correspondence relationship between virtual logical oscillators, including a master oscillator and at least one slave oscillator, provided for each sound production channel generating a musical tone waveform, and a plurality of physical oscillators for actually generating a waveform and which is associated with the logical oscillators, is stored. Then, according to a process for generating the musical tone waveform, the physical oscillator assigned to the logical oscillator of the sound production channel generating the musical tone is dynamically secured or released with reference to the stored correspondence relationship. Therefore, there is no need to synchronize and playback all waveforms that may possibly be used in the additive synthesis, regardless of whether the waveform is sounded, as is required conventionally. As a result, the waveforms can be generated without needlessly wasting the sound production channel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for flexibly processing, storing, and retrieving audio data. The present invention enables producers of music to take audio data that has been generated within a commercially available Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) and then, by applying the method and apparatus of the present invention, to create an Adaptable Music File. This Adaptable Music File may then be transmitted over communications channels, stored in devices, and used by the present invention to generate music for users of music in a manner that solves the problems noted above.

Abstract: A sound system and method for modeling a sound field generated by a sound source and creating a sound event based on the modeled sound field is disclosed. The system and method captures a sound field over an enclosing surface, models the sound field and enables reproduction of the modeled sound field. Explosion type acoustical radiation may be used. Further, the reproduced sound field may be modeled and compared to the original sound field model.

Abstract: A reluctance pickup for a guitar including a pair of magnetic pole pieces disposed within wire coils. The coils are oppositely wound and wired in series. Each pole piece has an elongated magnetic pole end extending above its respective coil. The pole pieces are disposed so as to form a pickup face having two approximately parallel elongated pole ends. The elongated pole ends have opposite magnetic polarities and create a magnetic field therebetween. The pickup is mounted beneath a magnetically permeable string such that a projection of the string intersects the pole ends at a selected orientation angle between approximately 28 degrees and approximately 58 degrees, preferably, 43 degrees, so as to optimize selected performance parameters of the pickup, including: channel-to-channel separation, frequency response, and dynamic response.

Abstract: The Challenger to Natural Twisters, Technology comprises plasma-jet rocket motors and magneto-fluidynamic generators installed aboard of guided-controlled antitwister meteorological missile. Said generators provide high-voltage frequencial systematic electromagnetic charging to running out high temperature exhaust gases of seeded fuels converting said gases into ionized dashed plasma-jets. Several missiles, directed to the atmospheric electric fields of tornadoes or hurricanes, discharge their electric potentials by plasma-jet-electroshortings and also act on twisters' fields thermally and dynamically. The twisters become disorganized and highly weakened, their violent rotations slow down and finally stop. The twisters disperse out and disappear because their powerful natural electric structures are shortened, discharged, and thus destroyed. The antitwister missiles return back to their base.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydraulic control system for building machinery, particularly for controlling hydraulic consumers of an excavator. According to the invention, pump channels which ensure that the hydraulic consumers are supplied in parallel by means of a spool valve of the main control unit of the piece of building machinery are provided in addition to previously existing pump channels that ensure said hydraulic consumers are serially supplied with hydraulic fluid. The additional pump channels are arranged parallel to the previously existing ones.

Abstract: A pneumatic brake booster with short actuating travel, comprising a skirt and a pneumatic piston that are rigidly connected and slideably mounted in a sealed casing to delimit a low-pressure chamber and a variable-pressure chamber and a three-way valve arrangement that is controlled by a control rod connected at a first end to a brake pedal. The three-way valve arrangement having first and second valve seats and a valve that is applied to at least one of the first and second valve seats by a valve spring. The second valve seat being borne by a first longitudinal end of a plunger distributor while the first valve seat is borne by a first longitudinal end of a bushing slideably mounted in a sealed manner in the pneumatic piston over a defined first travel and beyond the defined travel the bushing is secured axially to the pneumatic piston.

Abstract: A poppet valve assembly with a control chamber that can be fluidly connected to a number of different hydraulic ports via a pilot valve assembly. The poppet valve assembly includes a poppet valve member whose movement is controlled by filling or draining the control chamber, and which can be hydraulically locked into a given position by fluidly isolating the control chamber from any other hydraulic connections. The poppet valve member includes a control hydraulic surface exposed to fluid pressure in the control chamber. The poppet valve assembly may be part of a valve assembly that includes a plurality of poppet valve assemblies that operably control a hydraulic cylinder connected to an implement of a work machine.

Abstract: Hydraulic control arrangement for a mobile equipment What is disclosed is a control arrangement for an equipment, in particular a wheel loader or a backhoe loader having a shovel mounted articulatedly at a boom, wherein the control arrangement enables a control of the shovel by means of a control pressure of a boom control unit, so that the latter may be taken into a target position during lowering of the boom or while the boom is taken into a floating condition.

Abstract: A two-part piston for an internal combustion engine has a piston head and a piston skirt. The piston head has a piston crown on the underside of which at least two boss lands, each provided with a head boss and a head boss hole are connected. The piston skirt has at least two boss bodies, each provided with a skirt boss and a skirt boss hole. When the head and skirt are joined, the head boss holes and skirt boss holes are flush in relation to each other for accommodating a gudgeon pin. Each boss body has a recess in which the corresponding boss land is accommodated with the associated head boss so that the head boss hole and skirt boss hole are aligned flush relative to each other.

Abstract: The gas separation apparatus comprises a flexible wall which is maintained in a placed position on an upper end of an adsorbant material; the volume between the wall and an upper dome communicates with one of inner and outer chambers on both sides of the adsorbant (4). The invention can be used to separate air components.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrostatic separator (1) for separating particles containing oil out of a gas stream, having an emission electrode (2) and a deposition electrode (3), wherein the emission electrode (2) has a front corona region (4) extending into the gas stream and a rear deposition region (5). An outlet opening (9) for separated oil running along the deposition electrode (3) is provided at the level of, or behind, the deposition region (5) of the emission electrode (2).

Abstract: A filter for removing contaminants from an electronic enclosure. The filter includes fluted filter media for increasing the filter surface area. The filter may be configured in a flow by configuration or a flow through configuration. The filter may further include a scrim. A disk drive assembly includes an enclosure, a disk rotatably mounted within the enclosure, and a filter, where the filter is constructed from fluted filter media.

Abstract: A filter assembly for a pneumatic tool has an inner housing, a cover, an inner tube and a connecting post. The cover is attached to the inner housing and has a connecting portion and at least one air passage. The connecting portion has an inner space. The at least one air passage communicates with the inner space in the connecting portion. The inner tube is mounted inside the inner housing and defines an annular space between the inner tube and the inner housing to hold filters and/or drying agents inside and communicating with the at least one air passage. The connecting post extends into the inner tube, is detachably connected with the cover and has an air channel and multiple discharging holes. The discharging holes communicate with the air channel in the connecting post and the annular space between the inner tube and the inner housing.

Abstract: There is provided a self cleaning filter assembly for use in an exhaust system, including: a casing for placement in the path of an air flow, the casing containing: a first filter; a second filter; a barrier for placement adjacent to the casing to prevent a cleaning fluid from dripping from the first filter and out from the casing; and a plurality of spray outlets for dispersion of fluid within the casing and onto the filters. The plurality of spray outlets create droplets of the cleaning fluid of a size able to combine with droplets of a contaminant to form combined droplets in the air flow and wherein the first filter and the second filter captures droplets of the contaminant and droplets from the spray outlets. A circulation system for use with the filter assembly is also disclosed.

Abstract: A mug body has an open top. A lid is fitted to the open top. The lid has first and second top to bottom holes formed therein. An arm extends down from the bottom of the lid into the mug body. An actuator handle extends out from the top of the lid, through the second hole. The actuator handle is coupled to the arm to move the arm relative to the mug body. Other embodiments are also described and claimed.

Abstract: A popcorn-making device comprises a bowl attached to a popping plate assembly and a base. The popping plate assembly can be used to hold and heat corn kernels so that they may be popped. A stirring rod rotates on the heat plate in order keep the kernels moving throughout the popping process. This enables the popcorn maker to require less oil, for a healthier alternative to microwave or other types of popcorn. The popping plate assembly can have a safety interlocking mechanism to enable a user to safely and easily remove and reattach the popping plate assembly to and from the base for washing purposes. The device can have a heater safety mechanism to automatically shut the heater when the popping plate assembly is disengaged from the base. At any time that the popping plate assembly is not properly engaged with the base, the heater will be shut off and the device will not operate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device intended to produce a heated emulsion of a liquid, in particular milk, with air. The device comprises a body (10) in which there are obtained steam inlet, a drink inlet (12), an air inlet (13) and a mixing chamber (14) communicating with said inlets and with an emulsion delivery hole (15). Between the mixing chamber (14) and the delivery hole (15) there are provided valve means (17, 17?) capable of rotating between an open position, adapted for placing the mixing chamber (14) in fluid communication with the delivery hole (15), and a closed position of said mixing chamber, in which the steam jet is forced to exit from the body (10) passing through the air and drink inlets (12, 13), to sterilise the device.

Abstract: A lid (12) of a juicer provides several important functions. It preventsjuice from escaping, it diverts pulp efficiently toward a collector (13) or chute (150), it cooperates with a locking bar to keep the device safe and closed and it provides a platform for the feed tube. The lid (12) comprises a polymeric cap (52) (for example a polycarbonate) to which is secured a metal, preferably stainless steel feed tube (51). Importantly the combination of clear cap (52) and steel feed tube provides all of the advantages of both, that is, adequate strength in the feed tube and knife and the ability to see under the cap.

Abstract: A composite printing die having a body and a texture selectively defined thereon to form a printing surface, the body including a polymeric matrix and a filler dispersed in the polymeric matrix, wherein the filler includes particles made of an elemental metal, any alloys thereof, and any combinations thereof.

Abstract: A feeder head assembly is provided for transporting a material in a printing apparatus. The feeder head assembly includes a housing and a cap. The housing is at least partially rotatable about a longitudinal axis. Also, the housing includes an inner hollow chamber and an opening into the chamber. The inner hollow chamber is adapted to be in fluid communication with a vacuum source for decreasing pressure within the chamber. The opening is defined by a rim. The cap is removeably secured to at least a portion of the rim. The cap includes at least one aperture passing therethrough, wherein the at least one aperture is in fluid communication with the vacuum source.

Abstract: A stacking device for incoming sheets, including a receiving plane, a rotatably arranged element, containing a slot at its circumferential edge for accepting at least a portion of a sheet to be stacked, where, in a first rotation zone, the rotatably arranged element accepts the sheet to be stacked and, in a second rotation zone, the accepted sheet is conveyed onto the receiving plane, drive mechanisms for driving the rotatably arranged element, a stop, a closed-loop shaped friction element mounted at the circumferential edge of the rotatably arranged element, which, in operation, transfers a force onto the upper side of the sheet emerging from the slot during at least a part of one revolution of the rotatably arranged element, this force having a component directed towards the stop, wherein the closed-loop shaped friction element is positioned such that, in operation, it does not obstruct the movement of a sheet while the latter is accepted into the slot in the first rotation zone.

Abstract: Numerous embodiments of a method and apparatus for forming an imprinting tool are disclosed. In one embodiment, an apparatus for forming a substrate-imprinting tool comprises a build platform configured to receive material, a first mold formed on the build platform, the first mold having first mold feature surfaces, and a second mold formed on the first mold feature surfaces, wherein at least a portion of the second mold is metalized.

Abstract: There is disclosed an ink cartridge including a cylindrical member having an ink port at one axial end thereof, a piston, a piston rod, and a thrusting portion. The piston rod is fitted in the cylindrical member air-tightly and slidably, and partially defines an ink chamber within the cylindrical member. The ink chamber is in communication with the ink port. The piston rod is connected to the piston on the side opposite to the ink chamber, and extends in the cylindrical member along an axial direction of the cylindrical member. The thrusting portion is at least partially positioned in the cylindrical member and configured to apply a thrust force to the piston rod and thereby move the piston along the axial direction. The thrusting portion comprises a driven portion drivable from the exterior of the cylindrical member.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a printing plate includes forming first trenches having a first depth into an insulative substrate, forming an organic film over the insulative substrate including the first trenches, and forming second trenches having a width smaller than that of the first trenches into the organic film, the second trenches formed at positions corresponding to the first trenches by selectively removing the organic film.

Abstract: A lithographic printing plate precursor comprising a support and an image-recording layer which contains (A) a cyanine dye including a solvent-soluble group and having an absorption maximum in an infrared wavelength region and is capable of being removed with at least one of printing ink and an aqueous component.

Abstract: An ink key simulator for image forming devices may simulate the effect of ink key adjustments in offset presses. The image adjustment may be made in response to activation of a simulated ink key, for example, by adjusting the pixel values of the stored data and/or by adjusting imaging light source intensity within a given region of the image. Using the ink key simulator, adjustments to image quality from printers may be made on-the-fly using an interface which is familiar to the operators of offset presses.

Abstract: A titanium semiconductor bridge igniter (10, 10?) has a substrate (12, 12?) on which is carried a pair of spaced-apart pads (18a, 18b) connected by a bridge (20). The pads (18a, 18b) and bridge (20) are made of a layer of polysilicon (22) or crystalline silicon (22?) covered by a layer of titanium (24). Metal lands (26a, 26b) overlie the pads (18a, 18b) but leave the bridge (20) exposed so that it can be placed in contact with an energetic material charge (42). A method of stabilizing the titanium semiconductor bridge igniter (10, 10?) against temperature-induced variations in electrical resistance of bridge (20) includes heating the titanium semiconductor bridge igniter (10, 10?) to an elevated temperature, e.g., from about 37° C. to about 250° C.

Abstract: An existing projectile (21) is modified by adding a tail piece (22) to enable axial stacking of multiple projectiles (20) in a common barrel. Propellant for each modified projectile (20) is contained in respective chambers located external to the barrel and connected to the bore of the barrel through associated ports. Tail piece (22) aligns with a respective port and provides a space between consecutive projectiles (20) into which the propellant gas expands after ignition. Separate claims are directed to tail assembly (22), modified projectile (20), the barrel assembly having a plurality of projectiles (20) stacked in end-to-end relation, and to an external initiation system for the barrel assembly (see FIGS. 4, 7).

Abstract: A weapon system with classes ammunition, including a weapon housing (1) which has a breech block (12) and in which a propellant charge powder body cartridge support (14) for propellant charge powder bodies (20) which are ignitable by igniter elements (28) and a bullet cartridge support (16) are provided one behind the other. The propellent charge powder body cartridge support (14) adjoins the breech block (12) of the weapon housing (10) and a barrel (18) projecting out of the weapon housing (10) adjoins the bullet cartridge support (16). A number of igniter elements (28) are provided stepwise indexably in the breech block (12). The respective propellant charge powder body (20) has a firing passage (24) which leads into its interior and which based on fluid technology combines with a breech block firing passage (26) which is provided in the breech block (12) and with which the respective igniter element (28) is associated.

Abstract: An oil and gas well shaped charge perforator capable of providing an exothermic reaction after detonation is provided, comprising a housing, a high explosive, and a reactive liner where the high explosive is positioned between the reactive liner and the housing. The reactive liner is produced from a composition which is capable of sustaining an exothermic reaction during the formation of the cutting jet. The composition may be selected from any known formulation which is suitable for use in an oil and gas well perforator, typically the composition will comprise at least one metal and at least one non-metal, wherein the non-metal is selected from a metal oxide, or any non-metal from Group III or Group IV or at least two metals such as to form an intermetallic reaction. Typically at least one of the metals in the invention may be selected from Al, Ce, Li, Mg, Mo, Ni, Nb, Pb, Pd, Ta, Ti, Zn or Zr.

Abstract: Moves objects through two/three dimensional space via at least one movement line coupled with opposing sides of a platform. The movement line(s) control the horizontal and vertical (Z-axis) motion of the platform. Displacing a portion of the movement line(s) allows vertical displacement of the platform. There is no need for complex computer control since Z-axis displacement is substantially independent of horizontal movement. Nested embodiments utilizing one or more line allow for three-dimensional movement of an object or angular displacement of the platform with respect to the vertical axis. A mounting beam for positioning and supporting the Z-axis and horizontal axis motors may also be positioned independently of the platform. Many useful devices may be attached to the platform. Some embodiments may utilize two lines to provide redundancy and some of these embodiments may only drive one of the two lines for Y axis movement.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a solution and process for improving the solderability of a metal surface. In one embodiment, the invention is a silver deposit solution comprising an acid, a source of silver ions, and an additive selected from among pyrroles, triazoles, and tetrazoles, as well as derivatives and mixtures of those components. In another embodiment, the silver deposit solution also includes a 6-membered heterocyclic ring compound, wherein three members of the 6-membered heterocyclic ring are nitrogen atoms. Still another embodiment is a process for improving the solderability of a metal surface which involves applying a silver deposit solution as previously described to a metal surface.

Abstract: A plurality of nanoparticles are provided. The nanoparticles may have a metal oxide or a semiconductor oxide surface region and a metal or semiconductor core region and/or the nanoparticles may be uniformly doped. The nanoparticles are formed by grinding a bulk material to a powder and then etching the powder in a solution to a desired nanoparticle size.

Abstract: This invention relates to a compound for the decoration of ceramics and comparable materials with encloses a quantity of at least one inorganic pigment, a quantity of at least one glass-former and a quantity of at least one fusion element for the glass-former. The compound also contains a quantity of a non-polar material.

Abstract: Blocks of material are prepared in a variety of shapes and sizes to be used in the fabrication of models for dental restorations. The material comprises a partially sintered ceramic material. The blocks are used to manufacture molds using CAD/CAM methods and equipment. The molds are useful in the manufacture of dental restorations using ceramics, metals, alloys, or powders thereof, and composite materials. The models milled from the blanks may be used to manufacture a variety of dental restorations including, but not limited to, crowns, bridges, space maintainers, tooth replacement appliances, orthodontic retainers, dentures, posts, jackets, inlays, onlays, facings, veneers, facets, implants, abutments, splints, partial crowns, teeth, cylinders, pins, and connectors.

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of high-purity zirconium, hafnium, tantalum and niobium alkoxides (alcoholates), novel tantalum and niobium compounds and a process for their preparation are provided. The process comprises the steps of mixing crude metal alkoxides M(OR)x having a halogen impurity of at least 0.05 wt. %, with an alcohol ROH, in which R is a C1-C12-alkyl radical, and subsequently or simultaneously metering in an excess of ammonia, based on the amount of mononuclear or polynuclear halogen-containing metal alkoxides.

Abstract: A method of treating a substrate, such as a metal surface, by application of a silane coating composition containing at least one water-soluble or dispersible silane and a polymeric resin, which may be provided as a water-based dispersion of polymeric resin, the polymeric resin being present in an amount less than 10% by weight of the composition to slow the rate of corrosion of the metal surface and/or to promote adhesion of rubber thereto. The at least one silane can include a bis-amino silane, a vinyl silane, a bis-sulfur silane, or mixtures thereof and the polymeric resin may include an epoxy resin, acrylate resin, polyurethane resin, novolac resin, or mixtures thereof. The silane coating compositions may be either water or solvent based.

Abstract: A multilayer effect pigment includes a transparent substrate, a layer of high refractive index material on the substrate, and alternating layers of low refractive index and high refractive index materials on the first layer, the total number of layers being an odd number of at least three, all adjacent layers differing in refractive index by at least about 0.2 and at least one of the layers having an optical thickness which is different from all of the other layers. The resulting multilayer effect pigment is not a quarter-wave stack. The present effect pigments may be used in cosmetic and industrial applications.