Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for determining the distribution of particulate matter on a particulate filter. The apparatus, in one embodiment, determines a first distribution of particulate matter by comparing the pressure change across the particulate filter with a change in engine operating conditions. The apparatus may include an input module for receiving input corresponding to engine operating conditions and input from a differential pressure sensor and a feedback module to determine a first distribution of particulate matter. The apparatus may further include a feed forward module for determining a particulate distribution trend and a selection control module to combine the first distribution of particulate matter with the particulate distribution trend to determine a second distribution of particulate matter. The distribution may be defined as a uniform distribution factor in certain embodiments.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for determining the reliability of an estimate such as particulate accumulation on a diesel particulate filter, weighing the estimate according to a function of its reliability, weighing a prediction of particulate accumulation on the filter according to a function of the estimate's reliability, and combining the weighted estimate and weighted prediction to determine a combined particulate load estimate. The degree of reliability can be expressed as a trust factor, and a function of the trust factor can be used in a low-pass filter of the estimate. The trust factor value depends on filter air flow and particulate distribution in one embodiment. Regeneration of the particulate filter may be initiated depending on the value of the combined particulate load estimate.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for robustly estimating soot oxidation rates on a particulate filter. The invention uses empirically measured soot consumption rates as defined boundary rates, and operates between those rates using theoretical relationships between soot consumption and various operating conditions. The invention may also operate outside the defined boundaries by extrapolating the theoretical relationships beyond the defined boundary. The invention thereby overcomes the inflexibility of empirical modeling by allowing reasonable estimates at points that are not explicitly measured, and it overcomes the sensitivity of theoretical models to non-idealities that are experienced in real applications.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for estimating particulate production from a diesel engine. Engine conditions such as fuel rate, exhaust gas recirculation, and fuel injection timing are determined. Based on empirical evidence or theoretical calculations, or both, particulate production markers, each indicating a level of particulate production, are assigned to each engine condition. The markers are combined and the combined marker is used to interpolate between a minimum and a maximum level of particulate production from the engine to estimate a particulate production rate. The production rate may be combined with an oxidation rate to determine a particulate accumulation rate, which may in turn be combined with a particulate load estimate to produce a combined particulate load estimate. The combined estimate may be used to determine whether to initiate regeneration of a diesel particulate filter.

Abstract: Disclosed is an exhaust purification device in which an entire length of an outer cylinder of a catalyst can be used effectively for exhaust purification and it is possible to prevent heat in fixing of the catalyst to an exhaust pipe from affecting a connection portion between the outer cylinder and catalyst main bodies. A catalyst includes an outer cylinder and a plurality of catalyst main bodies provided in the outer cylinder in a state of being spaced each other in a direction of an axial center of the outer cylinder. An outer face of the outer cylinder positioned between the catalyst main bodies is a fixed face to be fixed to an inside of the exhaust pipe.

Abstract: An exhaust manifold assembly (40) including an exhaust manifold (17) that is at least partially surrounded by a cooling jacket (18) and combustion engine including such an exhaust manifold assembly.

Abstract: A travel vibration suppressing device 20 is structured such that a directional control valve 30 for a bucket, a directional control valve 29 for a boom, a ride control valve 31 and a boom speed increasing valve 33 are integrally arranged in a laminated manner by an internal piping. The ride control valve 31 communicates or cuts off a bottom chamber 11a of a boom cylinder 11 and an accumulator 27. The boom speed increasing valve 33 supplies a discharge pressure of a hydraulic pump 21 to the bottom chamber 11a or a head chamber 11b or connects the to the bottom chamber 11a or the head chamber 11b to a tank 23.

Abstract: A hydraulic arrangement is described comprising a lifting cylinder 10 for a lifting arm 12 pivotably mounted on a vehicle. A hose 22 selectively connects a working chamber 10a of the lifting cylinder 10 to a supply 16 and a return 18 line to raise and lower the lifting arm, respectively. A safety check valve 46 is connected between the hose 22 and the working chamber 10a to maintain the working chamber under pressure and avoid collapse of the lifting arm 12 in the event of rupturing of the hose 22. An accumulator 70 is connectable to the working chamber 10 of the lifting cylinder 10 by way of the safety check valve 46 to provide ride control.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hydraulic control system that can minimize pressure generated by a resilient member of a second flow control device when a hydraulic fluid discharged from a hydraulic pump constantly flows to a tank through a bypass passage while a shifting valve is in the neutral position, and also can control the pressure generated by the resilient member, if necessary. The hydraulic control system includes a hydraulic chamber for applying resilient force to the resilient member provided on one side of the second flow control device. The hydraulic chamber is adapted to operate in response to an automatic deceleration signal pressure Pi when operation of the shifting valves is detected. In the case where there is no need to control the flow rate of the hydraulic fluid flowing through the bypass passage by using the second flow control device, i.e.

Abstract: A loading implement and method of operating a loading implement for the adjustment of a floating condition of a boom of the loading implement. The loading implement includes a hydraulic arrangement for the lifting and lowering of the boom, a hydraulic conveying device, a hydraulic fluid tank, a hydraulic cylinder, a control implement connected to hydraulic supply lines for the control of the hydraulic cylinder, a first and a second hydraulic line connecting the hydraulic cylinder with the fluid tank and equipped with a first and a second selector valve, a lifting side load holding valve and a control unit for switching of the selector valves. In order to permit the activation of a floating condition without the boom being lowered uncontrollably, a sensor signals the position of the boom or the hydraulic cylinder to the control unit, which is configured to cause lowering of the boom and/or the switching into the floating condition as a function of the signal delivered by the sensor.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a first and a second cylinder bank. The first and second cylinder banks are arranged such that they have less than a 180 degree included angle with respect to one another, thereby forming an inboard region or generally V-shaped cavity. A respective first and second cylinder head is mounted with respect to the first and second cylinder bank. Integrated within the first and second cylinder head is a first and second integrated exhaust manifold, respectively. The first and second integrated exhaust manifolds are provided on the engine in an “inboard” orientation, i.e. disposed on a side of their respective cylinder heads such that they are substantially adjacent to the generally V-shaped cavity. The first and second integrated exhaust manifold may operate to convey exhaust gases from the engine to at least one turbocharger, which is mounted substantially within the generally V-shaped cavity.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine (100) includes a turbocharger (107) having a turbine (109) and a compressor (111). A charge-air cooler (121) is in fluid communication with an outlet (117) of the compressor (111) through a hot-air passage (123). An intake throttle (127) is in fluid communication with an outlet (125) of the charge-air cooler (121) through a cool-air passage (129). A junction (137) is located downstream of the intake throttle (127). An intake system (103) and an exhaust gas recirculation system (131, 133, 135) are in fluid communication with the junction (137). A bypass passage (139) containing an orifice (141) fluidly connects the hot-air passage (123) and the intake system (103).

Abstract: The invention concerns a turbocharger for an internal combustion engine, which is at least two-stage, wherein each respective stage of the turbocharger system is respectively a turbine and respectively a compressor, which via a common shaft are coupled with each other, wherein at least the exhaust gas side parts of the exhaust gas turbocharger are integrated in a common housing unit. The invention further concerns an internal combustion engine with such a compressor system.

Abstract: A system and method is disclosed to increase the efficient of internal combustion engines where the system and method converts a portion of thermal energy produced in the combustion process to a usable form of energy. If the engines are used in power generation, then the system and method increases the power output of the engine significantly. If the engines are used in traditional mechanical operations such as ships, then the system and method operates to increase mechanical power output or to increase co-produced electrical energy output.

Abstract: A monocoque turbo-generator device is provided that is capable of cooling and lubricating itself and providing a non-leaking magnetic drive system that maintains the leak proof integrity of the device. This may be accomplished using propellant gases of the turbine as they process through the monocoque chamber. The monocoque turbo-generator device may produce electricity within an enclosed leak proof capsule with accessories that allow the energy to be tapped from the outside of its monocoque casing.

Abstract: A steam generator in a heat regenerative engine includes a cylindrical combustion chamber that encloses a circularly wound coil of densely bundled tubes. The tube bundle is heated by two combustion nozzle assemblies, each having an air blower, a fuel atomizer, and an igniter. The igniter burns atomized fuel that exits the atomizer and is mixed with preheated air. The flames and heat from the combustion nozzle assemblies are directed in a centrifuge within the circular combustion chamber. This cyclonic circulation of combustion gases within the combustion chamber creates higher efficiency in the engine by subjecting the coil of tubes to multiple passes of heat, thereby promoting greater heat saturation relative to the amount of fuel expended. The relatively small diameter and large surface area of the tubes in the bundle allows the water and steam in the tubes to be heated to higher temperatures and pressures within a compact space, providing a highly efficient steam generator.

Abstract: In a heat regenerative engine that uses water as both the working fluid and the lubricant, water is pumped through a single line of a coil that wraps around a cylinder exhaust port, causing the water to be preheated by steam exhausted from the cylinder. The preheated water is then directed through multiple branch lines in a steam generator to produce high pressure super heated steam. A splitter valve at the juncture of the single line and multiple branch lines equalizes the flow among the multiple branch lines. A “Y” junction within the splitter valve minimizes turbulence as the flow of water and steam is directed into the multiple branch lines. Flow control restrictors in the splitter valve allow unimpeded flow of fluid and steam towards the steam generator through each of the branch lines, while allowing any incremental over-pressure in any one branch line to “bleed” back to a branch line(s) bearing a lesser amount of pressure, thereby equalizing flow through the multiple branch lines.

Abstract: A pre-heater arrangement in a heat regenerative engine for pre-heating water in its delivery path from a condenser sump to a combustion chamber. The engine includes a steam generator, including the combustion chamber, for producing pressurized steam. The engine further includes at least one piston and cylinder arrangement for receiving the pressurized steam in order to drive the piston within the cylinder, and a condenser for condensing steam to liquid. A conduit formed of a heat transferring material provides the delivery path from the condenser sump to the combustion chamber. The pre-heater arrangement includes at least one exhaust port associated with the cylinder for releasing steam from within the cylinder after driving the piston, and a tubular coil connected to the steam delivery conduit and wound about the cylinder, adjacent to the exhaust port, for transferring heat from the exhausted steam to the water traveling through the coil, thereby heating the water on its delivery path to the steam generator.

Abstract: An annular turbine engine combustion chamber configured so that in an axial half-section, values of first acute angles formed between a line that is effectively the median of the half-section located between an external axial wall and an internal axial wall, and the principal directions, in this half-section, of the holes in an external portion of a chamber base, decrease as a function of the distance between the holes and this line that is effectively the median. Further, values of second acute angles formed between the line that is effectively the median and the principal directions, in this half-section, of the holes in an internal portion of the chamber base, decrease as a function of the distance between the holes and this line that is effectively the median.

Abstract: A Brayton-cycle rotary ramjet engine (10) operated within the confines of a helically elongated pass-through duct formed between a preferably stationary radially outward surface (14) and an outer rotating flow channel (36). The flow channel (36) is contoured between its inlet (34) and outlet (38) to include a supersonic diffuser (40), a combustor (42) and an expansion nozzle (44). Gaseous fuel, or liquid fuel atomized by a fuel slinger (58) within a housing (46), or solid fuel in the form of fine particulates, is inter-mixed with an oxidizer prior to being directed to the flow channel inlets (34). The air and fuel are combusted in the flow channels (36) and exhausted through the rear of the housing (46). A generator (22) can be coupled to a power shaft (18) to convert net shaft power into electricity. Preferably, the rotor (24) and stator (12) are fabricated from a ceramic or other high-temperature material so that combustor exit temperatures (T3) can be operated at highly efficient levels.

Abstract: A propeller or propeller drive, the propeller being carried by a support shaft (3) which projects from the body (53) of the missile or vehicle and about which the propeller rotates, the drive unit for the propeller being situated in front of the propeller (23) in the propulsion direction or in the propeller spinner (1). According to the invention it is provided that the drive unit has at least one gas turbine (55), optionally a multiple-stage gas turbine, which is secured to the drive shaft and which drives it or jointly rotates with it, and that the drive shaft (6) is traversed by the support shaft (3) or is mounted thereon in a rotating manner and drives the propeller (23), optionally by way of a gear mechanism (14) situated between the turbine (55) and the propeller (23).

Abstract: The present invention provides a fireproof mounting system that is configured to couple an auxiliary power unit (“APU”) to a support structure, where the APU includes a case flange having a plurality of spaced apart fastener openings formed therethrough. The mount system comprises a rib and a receptacle. The rib has a portion configured to extend substantially parallel to at least a portion of the case flange, and includes a plurality of openings formed therethrough and disposed in a pattern such that at least selected ones correspond to one or more of the case flange fastener openings. The receptacle is integrally formed on the rib and having an outer surface and a funnel-shaped inner surface. The rib and the receptacle comprise fireproof material.

Abstract: A passive heat-dissipating fan system comprises an air-providing device, a cold-end passive heat-dissipating assembly, a hot-end passive heat-dissipating assembly, a separation device capable of guiding airflow to the cold-end and hot-end passive heat-dissipating assemblies, and a cooling device which is disposed in the separation device and has cold and hot ends. When the airflow from the air-providing device passes through the separation device and cooling device, airflow from the air-providing device is separated and then partially directed to the cold-end passive heat-dissipating assembly and partially directed to the hot-end passive heat-dissipating assembly respectively, expelling the heated airflow to an exterior of an electronic system.

Abstract: A hot-cold cushion includes a heat/cool device, a connecting tube and a cushion with circulating pipes. The heat/cool device composed of a thermo semiconductor chip, a thermoconductor, a fan, a heat dissipation member, a box with liquid, and a hydraulic pump is connected with circulating pipes inside the cushion by the connecting tube so as to form a circulation loop. By exchange of the positive/negative electrodes of direct current, the thermo semiconductor chip produces heat or cold that is circulated and dissipated by the heat/cool device so as to regulate the temperature of the cushion into a suitable range for human bodies. Therefore, the hot-cold cushion achieves better effect.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the invention, a system for controlling the temperature of water in a water cooler includes a water reservoir having an inlet, an outlet, and a main body, a water supply coupled to the inlet and operable to deliver water to the water reservoir, a bubbler coupled to the outlet and operable to dispense at least some of the water from the water reservoir, and a plurality of thermoelectric coolers disposed about a perimeter of the main body and operable to control the temperature of the water inside the water reservoir.

Abstract: System and method of cooling and dispensing a liquid, such as a beverage. The system can include a liquid source, a cooling reservoir, a dispensing valve, and a liquid conduit. The liquid conduit can connect the liquid source to the dispensing valve. The liquid conduit can be constructed of a thermally-conductive material. The liquid conduit can pass through the cooling reservoir. The invention can include a method of providing cooled liquids to a dispensing valve. The method can include maintaining ice and a cooling liquid in a cooling reservoir near the dispensing valve, pumping liquid through a thermo conductive conduit positioned in the ice and cooling liquid, and pumping the liquid out of the dispensing valve.

Abstract: Disclosed are a low vibration cryocooler and a method of reducing vibration in a cryocooler. The cryocooler can be a Stirling class cryocooler includes at least one motor that drives a mass, the motor having a main drive winding and a separate trim winding. A motor controller outputs a main drive signal that is coupled to the main drive winding and a separate vibration reducing signal that is coupled to the trim winding.

Abstract: An electronic monitoring system is provided to monitor for and sense faults in a residential or commercial air conditioning system that uses a chemical refrigerant. By monitoring the discharge pressure variable, a determination may be made concerning the condition of the air conditioning system and alert the home owner or resident when the air conditioning system requires professional service. The early warning of system air conditioning system faults will give the property owner the opportunity to service the system before more long term damage is done to the system. The microprocessor based control will monitor the discharge line pressure and transmit a signal to a system monitor panel that is co-located with the heating/air conditioning thermostat installed within the dwelling or structure. A display on the face of the monitor panel will alert the home owner or resident, in an incremental manner, when the air conditioning system is in urgent need of professional service.

Abstract: A method and system for supplementing a conventional temperature-controlled on-cycle for an HVAC unit with a complementary timer-controlled circuit that produces a programmed series of supplemental on-cycles of short duration for the HVAC unit during the conventional off-cycle is provided according to the invention. The purpose of such supplemental on-cycles for the HVAC unit is not to cool or heat the air, but instead to introduce some fresh incoming air into the interior space that has been conditioned to enhance the comfort quality characteristics of the interior air (e.g., humidity level, freshness) to reduce the stagnant quality of the air. The short duration of these supplemental on-cycles should ensure that the HVAC system does not run long enough to cool or heat the interior air beyond the desired temperature set point. Such supplemental burst cycles may be programmed in series through the thermostatic control, or manually produced by the user on command.

Abstract: A capacity control algorithm for a multiple compressor liquid chiller system is provided wherein the speed and number of compressors in operation are controlled in order to obtain a leaving liquid temperature setpoint. In response to an increase in the load in the chiller system, the algorithm determines if a compressor should be started and adjusts the operating speed of all operating compressors when an additional compressor is started. In response to a decrease in the load in the chiller system with multiple compressors operating, the algorithm determines if a compressor should be de-energized and adjusts the operating speed of all remaining operating compressors when a compressor is de-energized.

Abstract: An automatic climate control system for a vehicle determines actual sun load and a virtual sun load based on prescribed virtual heat load data and the external air temperature. A controller is configured to compare the actual sun load to the virtual sun load to obtain an optimized sun load value, and to control the system based on this optimized sun load value. A method for automatically controlling the climate includes determining measured sun load, determining external air temperature, comparing the measured sun load to the virtual sun load based on prescribed virtual heat load data and the external air temperature to obtain an optimized sun load value, and controlling the system based on the optimized sun load value. The virtual sun load and/or the measured sun load are used to determine the optimized sun load value depending on lighting conditions.

Abstract: There is disclosed a highly efficient cooling device which can reduce energy consumption, and the cooling device comprises: a refrigeration cycle circuit including a compressor, a radiator, an expansion valve and an evaporator; a cooling container in which a cooling object is stored; and a hot water storage tank which stores hot water. Moreover, the cooling object in the cooling container is cooled by absorption of heat in the evaporator, water is boiled by release of the heat in the radiator to store the hot water in the hot water storage tank, and the hot water in the hot water storage tank can be supplied into the cooling container.

Abstract: A refrigerator including a main body forming a storage compartment to have an opening part in a front side thereof, and a door opening/closing the opening part and including an outer door plate and an inner door plate distanced each other to form a foaming space therebetween, includes a display unit displaying an image, a display accommodating part formed in the door to accommodate the display unit, and a radiating part interposed between the display unit and the outer door plate to contact therewith respectively, and transferring heat generated from the display unit to the outer door plate. Thus, the refrigerator efficiently radiates heat of a display unit.

Abstract: A building structure includes means to utilize solar radiation to heat the building structure during relatively cold ambient environmental conditions and to cool the building structure during relatively hot ambient environmental conditions. The building structure includes chambered wall and floor constructions having integral heat sink masses. These integral heat sink masses provide for radiation of heat when air temperature in an interior space of the building structure is below a temperature of the heat sink masses and for absorption of heat when the air temperature in the interior space of the building structure is above a temperature of the heat sink masses. A flow of thermally treated air to the heat sink masses serves to regulate the temperature of the heat sink masses.

Abstract: A window type air conditioner comprises: an indoor unit mounted inside a case positioned at the indoor side thus to be heat-exchanged with the indoor air; an outdoor heat exchanger mounted inside a case positioned at the outdoor side thus to be heat-exchanged with the outdoor air; and an outdoor cross flow fan for generating a blowing force so that the out-door air can pass through the outdoor heat exchanger and for sucking the outdoor air in a circumferential direction thereof and thereby discharging the outdoor air in the circumferential direction thereof. According to this, noise is lowered, the air volume lowering due to a channel resistance is prevented, and the entire size of the air conditioner is minimized.

Abstract: A refrigerator having a refrigeration unit comprising a cabinet and a door. The cabinet contains a plurality of items to be cooled or frozen. The refrigerator also includes an audio playback device having a memory and a speaker. The audio playback device is adapted to store a recorded audio soundtrack on the memory and play the recorded audio soundtrack through an audio speaker.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dehumidification equipment and more particularly, to a dehumidification system and method for use in hazardous locations. In particular, there is provided a desiccant wheel assembly for use in a dehumidification system. The desiccant wheel assembly includes a cabinet and a desiccant wheel rotatively mounted within the cabinet. The desiccant wheel has a core impregnated with a desiccant material and an electrically conductive outer shell surrounding the core. Means are provided for driving rotation of the desiccant wheel within the cabinet. The desiccant wheel assembly further includes a static control device connected to a ground and associated with the desiccant wheel for discouraging the build-up of electrostatic charges on the desiccant wheel during rotation thereof. A dehumidification system comprising such a desiccant wheel assembly is also described along with a method for dehumidifying air in an enclosed space using a desiccant wheel dehumidification system.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and means for air drying is provided. The invention provides a refrigerant system to cool a heat exchanger comprising a phase change material. Vaporous fluids, including compressed air and gas, may be cooled using the invention disclosed.

Abstract: An indirect evaporative cooler assembly includes staggered wet and dry channels. An electric fan moves air through the assembly. Air passes through the wet channels where a material wicks moisture stored in a reservoir into the wet channels. As a result, the side walls of the wet channels are evaporatively cooled. Air moving through dry channels is cooled by the cooling of the walls of the wet channels, and by the presence of louvered convoluted fins in the dry channels that allow for air circulation and further heat dissipation. The wet channels are distinguished by the presence of an electrolyte saturating the material, and electrodes disposed on either side of the material combined to generate an electrical current. Pairs of electrodes are connected in series, and generate electricity to power the electric fan. An auxiliary power source is activated when the voltage from the electrodes drops below a pre-determined level.

Abstract: A heating and cooling system includes a compressor for pumping a heat medium through a tubing device, a heat exchanger coupled to the compressor for receiving compressed heat medium from the compressor, a flowing control device coupled to the heat exchanger, another heat exchanger coupled to the flowing control device and arranged to have the flowing control device coupled between the heat exchangers, and an air conditioner coupled to the flowing control device. The flowing control device may selectively couple the heat exchangers to the air conditioner and to the compressor, or selectively couple the heat exchangers together and to selectively couple the air conditioner to the compressor.

Abstract: A heating and cooling apparatus includes a compressor for pumping a heat medium through a tubing device, a primary heat exchanger coupled to the compressor, a control device coupled to the primary heat exchanger and coupled to a intermediate heat exchanger to control the intermediate heat exchanger either to dissipate heat or to absorb heat. Another control device is coupled to the intermediate heat exchanger and coupled to the compressor and a secondary heat exchanger, to control the heat medium from the intermediate heat exchanger either to flow through the secondary heat exchanger or to directly flow into the compressor without flowing through the secondary heat exchanger.

Abstract: A cooling system provided with a first freezing circuit which comprises a first compressor, a first condenser, a first expansion mechanism and a first heat exchanger and in which a first refrigerant is circulated; a second freezing circuit which comprises a second compressor, a second heat exchanger, a second expansion mechanism and an evaporator and in which a second refrigerant is circulated; and a heat medium circuit in which a heat medium for exchanging heat between the first refrigerant of the first heat exchanger and the second refrigerant of the second heat exchanger is circulated, wherein the first freezing circuit is arranged on the exterior side and the second freezing circuit is arranged in the machinery room of a thermal system on the interior side.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing sterile ice slurries for medical cooling applications. The apparatus is capable of producing highly loaded slurries suitable for delivery to targeted internal organs of a patient, such as the brain, heart, lungs, stomach, kidneys, pancreas, and others, through medical size diameter tubing. The ice slurry production apparatus includes a slurry production reservoir adapted to contain a volume of a saline solution. A flexible membrane crystallization surface is provided within the slurry production reservoir. The crystallization surface is chilled to a temperature below a freezing point of the saline solution within the reservoir such that ice particles form on the crystallization surface. A deflector in the form of a reciprocating member is provided for periodically distorting the crystallization surface and dislodging the ice particles which form on the crystallization surface.

Abstract: A liquid dispenser has a base, a reservoir removably attached to the base, a recess in the base for receiving a temperature-maintaining insert, and an outlet for dispensing a liquid stored in the reservoir. The base may also have a bowl for receiving the dispensed liquid, where the dispenser is intended to be used by a pet, such as a dog or a cat.

Abstract: An electrohydrodynamic (EHD) condenser device includes a condenser installed with an EHD electrode. An electric field is generated upon a fluid of low conductivity inside a compressor device and an enhanced thermal conduction effect is then achieved since the electric field induces current convection, migration and deformity of bubble, increases perturbation and mixture of the flow field and eliminates boiling and delay. With the EHD utilized, size, weight, cost and required refrigerant amount of the condenser device are reduced. Further, thermal conduction efficiency of the alternative refrigerant is improved, making the EHD compensator device in compliance with associated refrigerant regulations made by CFC and achieve the purposes of environmental protection and energy saving.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatus for the production of liquids and vapors that are free of, or substantially free of, dissolved or trapped gases. In one embodiment, a liquid is placed in a sealed vessel and subjected to a temperature below the freezing point of the liquid for sufficient time to substantially, if not completely, turn the liquid into a solid. Concurrent with or subsequent to the cooling of the liquid, the interior of the vessel is subjected to a vacuum so as to evacuate all or substantially all of the gaseous atmosphere. Thereafter, the vessel is heated to a temperature above the melting point of the liquid, allowing the frozen material to return to its liquid form or sublimate to form a vapor.

Abstract: A process for removing contaminants from a natural gas feed stream including water and sour species is provided, which process comprises the steps of cooling the natural gas feed stream in a first vessel (12) to a first operating temperature at which hydrates are formed and removing from the first vessel (12) a stream of dehydrated gas (34); and cooling the dehydrated gas in a second vessel (14) to a second operating temperature at which solids of the sour species are formed or at which the sour species dissolve in a liquid and removing from the second vessel (14) a stream of dehydrated sweetened gas (62).

Abstract: A LNG facility, and operating method therefor, capable of more efficiently and/or effectively removing heavy hydrocarbon components from the processed natural gas stream and recovering the removed heavy components as LPG.

Abstract: In a process for producing a mixture containing at least 10% carbon monoxide (73) by cryogenic separation of a feed gas containing at least carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane, the feed gas (1) is separated to produce a first gas enriched in hydrogen (71), the feed gas is scrubbed in a methane wash column (7), a carbon monoxide enriched stream (13) from the bottom of the methane wash column is separated (19) to produce a stream further enriched in carbon monoxide (23), the stream further enriched in carbon monoxide is separated to form a carbon monoxide rich stream (31,49) and a liquid methane stream (27), at least part (72) of the carbon monoxide rich stream is mixed with the first gas enriched in hydrogen to form the mixture containing at least 10% carbon monoxide as a product stream.

Abstract: A sculpted interconnected split medallion is connected in a variety of ways through magnets that are placed in recesses where the connection is invisible from the outside.