Abstract: A floor box cover assembly includes a cover and a ring assembly. The cover is pivotally connected to the ring assembly. The ring assembly rotates to allow the wires to extend through an access opening in the cover into the interior of a housing during use or to block the access opening in the cover to prevent access to interior of housing during nonuse.

Abstract: A single-lid flash memory card and methods of manufacturing same are disclosed. The single-sided lid flash memory card may be formed from a semiconductor package having two or more tapered, stepped or otherwise shaped edges capable of securing a single-sided lid thereon. The taper, step or other shape may be fabricated by various methods, including during the molding step or during the singulation step. A semiconductor package having shaped edges may be enclosed within an external lid to form a finished flash memory card. The lid may be applied to a single side of the semiconductor package by various processes, including over-molding, or by pre-forming the lid with interior edges to match the exterior edges of the semiconductor package, and then sliding the lid over the package to form a tight fit therebetween. The shaped edge of the semiconductor package effectively holds the lid securely on the memory card without any adhesives and prevents the lid from dislodging from the semiconductor package.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an apparatus and method for measuring the weight of material such as rock, earth, wood, pulp, grain, gravel, sand, ore, cement etc. being processed or moved by an apparatus such as a conveyor, apron conveyor or bucket elevator driven by an electrical motor. The apparatus measures the electrical energy consumed by the motor powering the apparatus during operation of the apparatus and uses a calibration formula derived from an average of no-load readings plus up to 2.0 standard deviations for converting the power consumption of the motor to tonnage per hour of raw material processed by the apparatus. A continual record is kept of all “No-load” and “start-up load” time during the recording process and these figures are totalized along with tonnage for the recording period.

Abstract: The hand held scale of the present invention comprises a rectangular casing with a weighing platform, for supporting items to be weighed, a display screen, for displaying the weight of the objects and to view the animation sequences. There are a series of digital animations that are viewable on the display screen and each different animation sequence corresponds to a particular scale function or operation. The user is amused and entertained with animation when the scale is turned on, objects are weighed, the scale is turned off, reset as well as other functions.

Abstract: A draft protection device for a balance and a balance equipped with the draft protection device, wherein the draft protection device includes front and rear panels, two side panels and a top panel, and four posts which are fixedly mounted on a top cover of the balance, and wherein the posts extend vertically. The front and rear panels rest against the posts and are held in place by grooves provided in front and rear top frames which are connected to the top ends of the posts. The side panels are slidable while the front and rear panels are stationary.

Abstract: A hand-held game machine (10) includes a horizontally-long rectangular housing (12), and the housing is covered with a cover (14) almost entirely. Each of top main surfaces of the housing and the cover has a plane shape of pincushion, and thus, the top main surface of the housing forms a lower inclined surface (26) connecting a lower side surface (22) and the top main surface of the housing. On the top main surface of the housing, a cross key (16) and an A button (18a), and a B button (18b) are provided, and on the lower inclined surface (26), a start switch (28) and a select switch (30) are arranged. On left and right edges of an upper side surface (20) of the housing, a left switch (32L) and a right switch (32R) are arranged. As to each of the left switch and the right switch, a switch portion is formed at one end nearer to a center of the housing in the horizontal direction, and a pin is provided at the other end opposite thereto.

Abstract: A joystic device allows a knob to perform parallel movement, turning and depressing operations by a single operation of the knob. The device is provided with a knob formed of a non-turning portion in a center, and an operating portion provided to the non-turning portion so as to be relatively turnable such that a parallel movement operation and a depressing operation of the non-turning portion and the operating portion, and a turning operation of the operating portion are performed with respect to a case, and a parallel operating portion that supports the knob to allow the parallel movement and depressing operations of the non-turning portion and the operating portion, and the turning operation of the operating portion while receiving a turning regulation with respect to the case. In response to the operations of the parallel movement, turning, and depressing through the non-turning portion and the operating portion, corresponding one of detecting portions is operated.

Abstract: A competitive swimming starting system for producing faster starts of competitive swimmers after the start of the race has been signaled. The competitive swimming starting system may include a platform structure for resting on a surface adjacent to a pool, and a light for illuminating to indicate a starting signal for a swimming race. In one embodiment of the invention, the light is mounted on the platform structure in the view of a person positioned on the starting platform structure. The present invention also contemplates a method of signaling the start of a swimming race, which includes providing a competitive swimming starting platform structure positioned adjacent to a pool, providing a light proximate to the starting platform structure in a location in the view of a person positioned on the starting platform structure, and illuminating the light to signal a start of a swimming race.

Abstract: A pneumatic switch includes a housing which presents external contacts spaced apart to engage a component site on a device such as a circuit board. A pair of components are supported on the switch housing. A flexure mounted armature or vane is biased in one direction to electrically connect one of the pair of mounted components serially between the housing external contacts, while an air flow to the switch displaces the vane to electrically connect the other of the pair of components in series between the external contacts. The electrical leads between each of the pair of components and the external contacts are of equal length. The switch external contacts may also engage the terminals of a component at a circuit site to insert the mounted components alternatively in parallel with the existing component.

Abstract: An ergonomic footswitch having a substantially planar tiltable treadle positioned on a base enables up and down or pitch movement of the footswitch around an axis of rotation located on the horizontal rotational axis of an operator's ankle. This arrangement reduces fatigue in the operator's leg and ankle and also permits the operator to vary the speed of an instrument or vary an operational parameter of the instrument via both the up and down motion of the treadle.

Abstract: A push button includes a button main body portion which is provided between a packaging substrate placed under it and a casing portion located above it, a light source placed on the packaging substrate, and a light-guide portion which guides light from the light source to an outer periphery of the button main body portion by reflection.

Abstract: An outer wall is created for an electrical kitchen appliance and has a formation of recesses defining strips. A button is disposed on the strips. Regions embodied as film hinges are provided between the strips, enabling them, and thus the button disposed in-between the same, to pivot, in order to actuate an electrical button or a switch inside the housing of the kitchen appliance.

Abstract: In a gas-insulated switchgear tank in which an electric insulating characteristic is improved by a gas, and which has a vacuum circuit-breaker, a disconnecting switch, and a container in which container the vacuum circuit-breaker and the disconnecting switch are arranged and an inside of which container is adapted to be hermetically sealed and filled with the gas in such a manner that the vacuum circuit-breaker and the disconnecting switch are at least partially surrounded by the gas, the gas includes N2 and O2.

Abstract: A method in a plasma processing system for processing a semiconductor substrate is disclosed. The plasma processing system includes a plasma processing chamber and an electrostatic chuck coupled to a bias compensation circuit. The method includes igniting a plasma in a plasma ignition step. Plasma ignition step is performed while a first bias compensation voltage provided by the bias compensation circuit to the chuck is substantially zero and while a first chamber pressure within the plasma processing chamber is below about 90 mTorr. The method further includes processing the substrate in a substrate-processing step after the plasma is ignited. The substrate-processing step employs a second bias compensation voltage provided by the bias compensation circuit that is higher than the first bias compensation voltage and a second chamber pressure substantially equal to the first chamber pressure.

Abstract: A coolant tube and electrode are adapted to mate with each other to align the tube relative to the electrode during operation of the torch. Improved alignment ensures an adequate flow of coolant along an interior surface of the electrode. In one aspect, an elongated body of the coolant tube has a surface adapted to mate with the electrode. In another aspect, an elongated body of the electrode has a surface adapted to mate with the coolant tube. The surfaces of the tube and electrode may, for example, be flanges, tapered surfaces, contours, or steps.

Abstract: A laser system produces a first laser beam for rapidly removing the bulk of material in an area to form a ragged hole. The laser system produces a second laser beam for accurately cleaning up the ragged hole so that the final hole has dimensions of high precision.

Abstract: A safety interlock system for an arc welder is described. The safety interlock system is interfaced with and turns on the arc welder in response to a user pressing a button 15. There may be an optional delay from when the user presses the button until when the arc welder is turned on. The safety interlock system maintains the arc welder operative for a predetermined period of time within which time an arc must be struck. The safety interlock system has a latching circuit 29 responsive to a parameter indicative of a welding operation underway, and will maintain the arc welder operative until the parameter ceases. Once the parameter ceases or if an arc is not struck within the predetermined period of time, the safety interlock system turns off the arc welder.

Abstract: An article suitable for arc-welded metallurgical bonding having a first part having a lower surface, and a second part having an upper surface is disclosed. The lower surface of the first part is disposed at the upper surface of the second part to provide for a faying surface thereat. The faying surface has a plurality of channels with a depth equal to or greater than about 1 micron and equal to or less than about 1000 microns. The article is suitable for arc-welded metallurgical bonding at the faying surface. The plurality of channels has a repetitive pattern of channels arranged along a path of the faying surface in a direction of the metallurgical bonding action.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for controlling the heating of an oxygen sensor in a motor vehicle. The apparatus comprises an oxygen sensor for measuring oxygen levels in exhaust gases of a motor vehicle. The oxygen sensor comprising a heater rod, an outer electrode surrounding the heater rod, and a shell surrounding the outer electrode and configured for mounting the oxygen sensor in the motor vehicle. A first electrical connection coupled to the outer electrode and a second electrical connection coupled to the shell are configured to facilitate measurement of capacitance between the outer electrode and the shell during operation of the motor vehicle.

Abstract: A channeled under floor heating element incorporating channeled areas for accepting heat and sensor wires. The inventive channeled under floor heating element includes an arrangement of seam structures defining channels housing substantially discrete elongate heating and sensing elements arranged in a substantially similar pattern.

Abstract: A resistive heater adapted for heating a fuser belt is provided. The heater comprises a substrate, a first resistive trace formed over the substrate, and a second resistive trace formed so as to at least partially overlap the first resistive trace.

Abstract: The image heating apparatus for heating an image formed on a recording material includes a heater having a substrate and first and second heat generating resistors, most of the region of said first heat generating resistor having smaller resistance value per unit length toward an end in the longitudinal direction of said substrate, and most of the region of said second heat generating resistor having larger resistance value per unit length toward the end part; wherein a safety element can control electrical power supply to said first heat generating resistor and electrical power supply to said second heat generating resistor individually, and operates in response to the heat of said heater to cut off electrical power supply to said first and second heat generating resistors; and wherein only said second heat generating resistor in said first and second heat generating resistors has a high resistance part high resistance part corresponding to said safety element in a part in the longitudinal direction thereof;

Abstract: A heating plug for an electric cigar lighter, in particular for a cigar lighter equipping a motor vehicle, has a plug body designed to be inserted axially in a complementary female socket body equipped with electrical connection terminals. A push button is mounted so as to be able to move axially with respect to the plug body, between a neutral position and a pushed-in position in which it causes closure of an electrical circuit for supplying electrical current to a heating element arranged in the plug. The heating element has a lighting face which is accessible from the outside of the plug when the plug is removed from the socket body. The lighting face of the element is roughly parallel to the insertion axis of the plug.

Abstract: A glow plug connector for a glow plug with built-in sensor, especially built-in pressure sensor, comprising a casing made of an electrically insulating material, which can be placed onto the glow plug. Provided centrally in the casing is a high-current connection which is connected to the high-current contact of the heating devices of the glow plug when the connector is placed thereon. Sensor contacts are provided on the casing insulated with respect to the high-current connection for contacting the sensor connections of the built-in sensor when the connector is placed thereon. For sealing an O-ring is provided on the outside of the casing whereas a locking mechanism serves to deliver the withdrawal force which must be overcome so that a coupling placed thereon can be removed from the glow plug connector. The connector is part of a system with a glow plug connector and glow plug.

Abstract: An oven for providing radiant and impingement heat to a food item. The oven includes a fan mechanism for drawing air around the radiant heat elements of the oven. The air is then delivered to an impingement tray located adjacent the food item. The air is forced through a series of apertures and onto the food item. At the same time the oven is also being heated by the radiant heat elements. This allows greater heat to be applied to specific locations on the food item. An external heat source is not required to heat the air as the air is heated by the existing radiant heat elements.

Abstract: A cooking device includes a main oven, a controller for controlling the main oven, a mini-oven, and a control for controlling the mini-oven, wherein the control is in communication with the controller.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and method for controlling electrical heating of an element to maintain a constant electrical resistance, by adjusting electrical power supplied to such element according to an adaptive feedback control algorithm, in which all the parameters are (1) arbitrarily selected; (2) pre-determined by the physical properties of the controlled element; or (3) measured in real time. Unlike the conventional proportion-integral-derivative (PID) control mechanism, the system and method of the present invention do not require re-tuning of proportionality constants when used in connection with a different controlled element or under different operating conditions, and are therefore adaptive to changes in the controlled element and the operating conditions.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to create a temperature control system applied in heating and cooling phases of thermal processing. The invented temperature control system consists of a single frequency converter F to whose output, through contactors, are simultaneously connected: at least one heating system and at least one cooling system. The heating system incorporating resistance heating elements R is actuated by the heating system contactor SG. The cooling system incorporating gas blower, 3-phases induction motor MD is actuated by the blower motor contactor SD. The heating and cooling system contactors (SG and SD) are connected to the output of the frequency converter F and are controlled by the temperature controller RT.

Abstract: Systems and methods for monitoring a heat treating atmosphere derive from at least one sensor placed in situ in the atmosphere a process variable, which is indicative of the ratio of gaseous hydrogen H2 (g) to water vapor H2O (g) in the atmosphere. The systems and methods use the process variable, e.g., to control the atmosphere, or to record or display the process variable.

Abstract: Disclosed is a plate warming apparatus for use in keeping food warm in a restaurant. The invention has four primary components: a serving plate; a heater assembly; a plate adapter for coupling the plate and heater assembly; and a base fixture that enables the adapter to be selectively coupled to the heater assembly. These elements allow the heater assembly to heat the underside of a serving plate and, thereby, keep food warm as it is delivered to and consumed at a user's table. The invention allows the heater assembly to be uncoupled from the underside of the plate and recharged as necessary for reuse on other serving plates.

Abstract: An under floor heating element incorporating a scrim having one or more pairs of heating and/or sensor wires arranged in a continuous pattern such that pair members are disposed in crossing relation to one another. The pair members may be cut and joined to establish electrical connections at defined crossing points to establish feedback loop circuits with a control element.

Abstract: A temperature-responsive device (14) is provided for an electric heater (2). The heater (2) is located behind a heatable surface and comprises a dish-like support (6) having therein at least one electric heating element (12) having first and second terminal regions, (12A, 12B). An electrical component (18), having an electrical parameter which changes as a function of temperature, is supported inside the heater (2) by an elongate member (16). The elongate member (16) is secured to the heater (2) and extends at least partially across the heater (2). An electrically insulating carrier member (30) is secured to the elongate member (16) at a location externally of the periphery of the heater (2). The carrier member (30) has first and second side edges (32, 38) at opposite sides of the elongate member (16) and is provided with first and second electrically conductive elements (34, 40) accessible at the opposite side edges (32, 38) for electrical connection to the first and second terminal regions (12A, 12B).

Abstract: A method of performing magnetic annealing of a ferromagnetic thin film applied to a substrate includes applying an oscillating magnetic field to the ferromagnetic thin film to induce a current therein and heat the ferromagnetic thin film. A directional magnetic field is applied to the ferromagnetic thin film at the same time as the ferromagnetic thin film is heated, and the ferromagnetic thin film is allowed to acquire a desired magnetic characteristic, and then the oscillating magnetic field is removed and the ferromagnetic thin film is allowed to cool.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high-frequency heating apparatus which can heat the inside of the subject to be heated by high-frequency heating, and can apply scorch onto the surface of the subject to be heated. The high-frequency heating apparatus comprises a heating room for storing therein a subject to be heated, a heating unit that is provided at the upper portion of the heating room and performs heater heating, a high-frequency generating unit that is provided at the bottom of the heating room and generates a high-frequency wave to perform high-frequency heating, a high-frequency heating element having a high-frequency heat generating film on its rear surface, and a saucer for placing thereon the subject to be heated, in which a gap is provided between the high-frequency heating element and the saucer. Hereby, scorch can be applied onto a surface of the subject to be heated.

Abstract: A filter system for a wall mounted type microwave oven, which has an external enclosure surrounding an oven cavity. The external enclosure includes a bottom closure wall having a suction opening. The external enclosure also includes a top vent opening. An air exhaust path is formed between the external enclosure and the oven cavity wherein air drawn into the suction opening passes through the air exhaust path and is exhausted through the top vent opening. A first filter is provided on the suction side of the air exhaust path and a second filter may be provided on the exhaust side of the air exhaust path. In particular, the first filter may be provided adjacent the suction opening and a second filter may be provided adjacent the top vent opening, such that the first filter is provided at the inlet of the air exhaust path and the second filter is provided at the outlet of the air exhaust path.

Abstract: Systems and method for determining, based on a gray scale image, focus of an imaging system. A method of this invention includes the steps of: a) acquiring a gray scale image of a test target, b) binarizing the acquired gray scale image, c) analyzing the binarized acquired image, d) adjusting focus of acquisition optics of the imaging system, and e) repeating steps a) through d) until a substantially maximum number of line pairs of a number of groups of line pairs of the test target is obtained, wherein each group from the number of groups of line pairs has a predetermined spatial frequency.

Abstract: A photosensitive region includes a semiconductor substrate 40 made of a P-type semiconductor, and N-type semiconductor regions 41 and 42 formed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate 40. Accordingly, each photosensitive portion includes a portion of the semiconductor substrate 40 and a pair of the regions 41 and 42, thus configuring a photodiode. Each of the regions 41 and 42 is in a shape of an approximate triangle, and is formed so that one side of the regions 41 is adjacent to one side of the region 42, and vice versa, in one pixel. A first wire 44 is for electrically connecting the regions 41 on one side in each pixel across a first direction, and is provided extending in the first direction between the pixels. The second wire 47 is for electrically connecting the regions 47 on the other side in each pixel across a second direction, and is provided extending in the second direction between the pixels.

Abstract: A pixel and image sensor formed in accordance with the present invention has two modes of operation: a 3T mode and a 4T mode. The present invention switches from a 3T to a 4T mode based upon the amount of illumination on the image sensor. The amount of illumination on the image sensor can be determined in a variety of ways. Once the level of illumination is determined, a decision is made by comparing the level of illumination to a threshold whether to operate in 3T mode (for high illumination) or 4T (for low illumination) mode.

Abstract: A solid-state image-sensing device that compensates for brightness at edges of a screen and a method of driving the device are provided. The solid-state image-sensing device comprises: an active pixel sensor (APS) array including pixels disposed in a two-dimensional matrix, each pixel for outputting a photoelectrically converted image signal generated by a photodiode in response to one of a plurality of transmission control signals transmitted to a selected row of the APS array, and for generating and outputting a reset signal in response to a reset control signal; a row driver for selecting a row of the APS array by generating row selection signals and for generating the reset control signal; an integration time control driver for generating the transmission control signals for setting non-uniform integration times of the photodiodes in each pixel; and an analog-digital converter for converting an analog signal corresponding to a difference between the image signal and the reset signal into a digital signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a receiver arrangement for a push-pull transmission method. First and second signal detectors, to which a first input signal is fed provide first and second detector signals depending on a comparison of the first input signal with a detector threshold. Third and fourth signal detectors, to which a second input signal is fed provide third and fourth detector signals depending on a comparison of the second input signal with a detector threshold. The first and third detector signals are respectively fed to a data input of a first and second buffer store. The second and fourth detector signals are respectively fed to a reset input of the first and second buffer store. The first and second buffer store are designed for buffer-storing signal pulses contained in the first and second detector signals and forwarding them to a respective output for subsequent further processing in time-delayed fashion after a first delay duration.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method which consists in detecting and discriminating at least three states, respectively blue sky, white sky and direct sunlight. The discrimination between the three states is based, for example, on an intermediate detection distinguishing between either a homogenous state or a nonhomogeneous state of the sky. White sky means a sky saturated with humidity, with strong light diffusion and producing a high level of brightness. The method can be implemented, for example by using sensors or a monochromatic or color camera.

Abstract: A method and system for detecting and monitoring a temporal and spatial distribution of a light beam are provided. A semiconductor substrate (120) having a given doping concentration range is partially exposed to an incident laser beam (150). Each part of the semiconductor structure (120) which is exposed to the laser beam is provided with an electrical contact (145), which outputs a voltage which is directly related to the optical power or energy incident on the exposed area. The thermo-voltage is produced by the laser induced thermal gradients. The sensitivity and inter-pixel cross-talk is determined by pixel pitch, doping concentration and window opening (110). Depending of the design, each pixel might be sensitive to the temporal variation of the laser beam.

Abstract: In one embodiment, movement between a surface and an imager is tracked by using the imager to acquire a series of digital images of the surface. Each of the digital images represents a pattern of light that is reflected from the surface. If a first number of the digital images have surface qualities that are above a surface quality threshold set to an initial value, ones of the series of digital images are compared to track movement between the surface and the imager. If a second number of the digital images have surface qualities that are below the surface quality threshold, then i) the surface quality threshold is dynamically lowered to a new value, and thereafter ii) ones of the series of digital images are compared to track movement between the surface and the imager. Other embodiments are also disclosed.

Abstract: An optical encoder includes a sensor head, an encoder scale, and an optical wavefront dividing element. The sensor head includes a substrate, a light source, a first optical detector, and a second optical detector. The light source, the first optical detector, and the second optical detector are disposed on the substrate. The scale includes a first track and a second track. The optical wavefront dividing element is disposed between the sensor head and the scale. A light beam emitted by the light source is divided into a first beam and a second beam by the wavefront dividing element. The first beam is incident on the first track and the second beam is incident on the second track. Light from the first beam diffracted by the first track is incident on the first optical detector. Light from the second beam diffracted by the second track is incident on the second optical detector.

Abstract: A processing apparatus calculates and applies calibrations to sensors that produce quasi-sinusoidal, quadrature signals, using fixed or programmable electronic circuits, a circuit to calculate the phase and magnitude corresponding to the two input (quadrature) signals, and a circuit for accumulating the number of cycles of the input signals. The apparatus also includes a circuit to generate Gain, Offset, and Phase calibration coefficients by comparing a phase space position of a measured phasor with the position of an idealized phasor whose locus in phase space is a circle of predetermined radius with no offset. The calculation of the coefficients occurs without user intervention, according to a pre-programmed rule or rules.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer having a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) source which operates at ambient pressure is disclosed.

Abstract: A digital drive apparatus (FIG. 3) for quadrupole device such as a quadrupole ion trap has a digital signal generator (11, 13, 14; 24, 25, 26) and a switching arrangement (16, 17) which alternately switches between high and low voltage levels (V1, V2) to generate a rectangular wave drive voltage. A dipole excitation voltage is also supplied to the quadrupole device to excite resonant oscillatory motion of ions.

Abstract: An array of position-sensitive avalanche photodiodes is provided in which output signal contacts from corners of each photodiode are grouped in common for readout. Each photodiode may be provided on a single wafer or chip, with photodiodes being separated by a trench or a groove. Corners of each photodiode include contacts for reading out signals resulting from gamma rays incident events in an adjacent scintillator. Grouping of the contacts into common output channels reduces the number of output channels, while still permitting localization of gamma ray incident events in the scintillator crystals. The photodiode array may be positioned adjacent to one face of a scintillator, with a photomultiplier tube to be positioned adjacent to another. The detector arrangement may be used for positron emission tomography imaging and similar techniques.

Abstract: A motor vehicle has a video system that analyzes images of the interior of the vehicle to detect certain characteristics for controlling functions of the vehicle, such as detecting the presence of a person on the seat to control deployment of air bags in the event of a crash. The system employs infrared light to illuminate the vehicle interior without affecting the driver's ability to see the highway. In order to distinguish different objects in the image which have similar colors, such as a person dressed in black sitting on a black seat, a selected object, such as the seat, are coated with a substance that alters the object's reflectivity to infrared light, while not changing the reflectivity to visible light. Thus analysis of the infrared image can distinguish between the objects without affecting the appearance of the vehicle interior to a human user.

Abstract: Methods and specialized media adapted to the formation of a steady-state, non-equilibrium distribution of free carriers using mesoscopic classical confinement. Specialized media is silicon-based (e.g., crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, silicon dioxide) and formed from mesoscopic sized particles embedded with a matrix of wide-bandgap material, such as silicon dioxide. An IR to visible light imaging system is implemented around the foregoing.