Abstract: A solenoid is provided which, in the preferred embodiment, has a bobbin having an axial opening in it. A divider is mounted within the opening. Respective ones of a first pole piece and a second pole piece are located on opposite sides of the divider. A permanent magnet is moveably mounted from the axial opening and is moveable independently of the second pole piece between at least a first position adjacent to the divider, and a second position adjacent the second pole piece. The construction provides a fast acting, low cost latching solenoid construction.

Abstract: Methods for designing magnetic coils, particularly open gradient coils, and methods and systems for using open coils for diagnostic, testing, and laboratory systems. A method for designing coils may include characterizing an integrated current density distribution of a coil in terms of a stream function. The stream function may be a sum of sinusoidal functions. Parameters of the stream function may be numerically optimized to produce a coil design of selected characteristics.

Abstract: There is described a position sensor comprising at least one planar substrate having formed thereon a magnetic field generator which comprises conductive tracks formed on at least two planes defined by the at least one planar substrate. An intermediate coupling element is operable to move relative to the at least one planar substrate along a measurement direction transverse to the planar substrate, the detector detects the position of the intermediate coupling element in a magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generator. The position sensor has particular application in man-machine interfaces such as push buttons and rotary switches.

Abstract: An inductance element and a case; the inductance element, comprising a winding type magnetic core having a hollow part formed by winding a magnetic ribbon thereon and a lead having a cross sectional dimension smaller than the inner diameter of the hollow part of the magnetic core and passing the hollow part, wherein a clearance is provided between the magnetic core and the lead; the case, comprising a plurality of members combined with each other, wherein the members are connected to each other in a surface including one or more case ridge lines.

Abstract: An ignition coil apparatus for an internal combustion engine can suppress an increase in the manufacturing cost of a terminal of a low-tension side connector resulting from variation in a wire diameter of an one end of a primary winding, and can ensure a stable fusing state. The positive terminal side fusing portion is composed of a planar portion and a turned portion that is inversely turned back from the planar portion to cooperate therewith to clamp a winding start conductor portion. A first bent portion of a radius of curvature R is formed at a base end portion of the turned portion. A second bent portion with its tip end tilted toward a planar portion is formed at an intermediate portion of the turned portion.

Abstract: Method for forming a transformer (118) in a ceramic substrate. The method can include the steps of forming at least one conductive coil (119a, 119b) comprising a plurality of turns about an unfired ceramic toroidal core region (120a, 120b) defined within an unfired ceramic substrate (100). The method can also include the step of co-firing the unfired ceramic toroidal core region (120a, 120b), the unfired ceramic substrate (100), and the conductive coil (119a, 119b) to form an integral ceramic substrate structure with the conductive coil at least partially embedded therein.

Abstract: A wire-wound type chip coil can take various inductance values while maintaining its outer dimension at a specific fixed value. A chip coil is formed by winding at least two conductive wires regularly in a single layer around a core made of a magnetic material and firmly connecting both ends of each conductive wire to terminal electrodes disposed on respective flanges of the core. This makes it possible to obtain a great current capacity. Furthermore, the inductance decreases because of an increase in the magnetic path length. A great number of different inductance values can be easily obtained by properly selecting parameters including the number of substantially parallel conductive wires, the diameter of each conductive wire, and the number of turns.

Abstract: A transformer winding structure includes a primary winding rack and at least two secondary winding racks connected with the primary winding rack. The primary winding rack is comprised of a primary winding pipe, and each secondary winding rack is comprised of a secondary winding pipe; wherein the secondary winding pipe is installed horizontally, and the primary winding pipe is installed vertically, so that the thickness of the primary coil winding around the primary winding pipe along the horizontal direction is increased so as to reduce the thickness and volume of the transformer.

Abstract: An access control system comprises a plurality of access control devices in each of which is stored an access code. Specific access codes and access rights for a plurality of access control devices are transmitted from an access control central unit over a mobile radio network to the mobile communication terminal of a user. Transmitted to the mobile communication terminal by an access control device to be passed is an access control device identification. In the mobile communication terminal, on the basis of the received identification, the access code and the access rights for the access control device to be passed are determined, and are transmitted to the access control device. The access control device clears the user for access if the received access rights suffice and the received access code agrees with the stored access code.

Abstract: Improvements in human interaction with barrier movement operators are disclosed. A controller of the barrier movement operator is capable of a number of learning modes in which the controller cooperates with a user to learn operating parameters. The controller guides and corrects the necessary actions by the user. The barrier movement operator also includes an input/output unit remote from the main controller of the operator. Human interaction with the remote input/output unit enables diagnosis of operator faults remotely.

Abstract: A saddle type vehicle including at least one trunk provided with a lid, an opening/closing mechanism for permitting and rejecting the opening and closing of the lid, and a radio signal receiving unit which receives a radio signal for remotely operating the opening/closing mechanism, whereby the radio signal receiving unit is disposed on top of the trunk. A rear trunk is mounted on a rear portion of a body of the vehicle, a lid having a projection formed outside on top of the trunk, and a radio signal receiving unit is disposed inside the projection.

Abstract: A reader for a radio frequency identification system capable of simultaneously reading tags operating a multiple frequencies. The reader includes a radio frequency module for each operating frequency of the tags. The radio frequency modules are coupled to a bus which is connected to an interrogator control module. Each of the radio frequency modules receives the return signal from the tags at the associated operating frequency and converts the return signal into a pulse sequence. The interrogator control module locks to and decodes the pulse sequence according to the protocol associated with the tag type.

Abstract: A guidance device including a body having multiple reflective fields, and a mounting member for secure mounting to a surface. The body's reflective surfaces may be oriented to reflect approaching light from the top, bottom, left, and right, thereby enhancing its visibility regardless of an approach mode of rescue personnel, and regardless of an orientation in which the guidance device is mounted. The guidance device may include an element capable of absorbing heat to enhance the guidance device's detection by a thermal imaging camera, or be configured to cause emission of light from responsive to detection of light (e.g. from a firefighter's flashlight). One or more guidance devices may be sold as part of a kit that includes an identification marker mountable adjacent an entry door of a building, and instructions for coordinating mounting positions of the identification marker and the guidance device relative to their respective doors.

Abstract: A system for determining at least one parameter of at least one member rotating with respect to a fixed structure, the system including, for each rotating member, an assembly having a transponder, a coder, a position sensor, and a device for detecting the parameter or parameters issuing from the transponder. The system also includes a synchronisation unit connected to each sensor and to each detection device. The synchronisation unit including a device for determining an activation position of the detection device of an assembly when the transponder of the assembly is in the transmission/reception cone of the communication mechanism of the detection device, and an activation device that is able, by comparing the position of the coder with the activation position, to activate the detection device of the assembly in order to measure the parameter or parameters.

Abstract: A tire pressure warning device with adjustable pressure setting includes a case divided into a lower and an upper chamber and having a shoulder portion formed near a top thereof; a valve structure mounted in the lower chamber of the case; a membrane, a bushing, a push member, an elastic element, and a pressure-adjusting element sequentially mounted in the upper chamber of the case; and a cover connected to the top of the case. While the elastic element defines a basic pressure setting for the device to measure the air pressure inside a specific type of tire, a pressure-adjusting element with a suitable thickness may be selected to adjust the tightness of an elastic fixing element and thereby changes the pressure setting for the device, so that the device could also be used to measure the tire pressure of other different types of tires.

Abstract: A strain-resistant electrical connection and a method of making the same is provided. A wire or other conductive lead is connected to a circuit in a manner that makes the connection more resistant to mechanical stresses such as movement or rotation of the lead relative to the circuit. A material is configured around the lead and near the point of connection to the circuit so as to create a region of decreasing flexibility or graduated stiffness near the point of connection. In certain embodiments, the lead may also be coiled or otherwise shaped to provide additional ability to withstand mechanical stresses. In other embodiments, additional elements may be provided to assist in controlling the stiffness near the connection point.

Abstract: A tire pressure monitoring device includes a planar circuit board, a sensor, a controller, and an antenna. The sensor is mounted on the circuit board, is adapted for detecting a pressure of a pneumatic tire of a vehicle, and is operable so as to generate a signal that corresponds to the detected pressure of the pneumatic tire of the vehicle. The controller is mounted on the circuit board, and is operable so as to control operation of the tire pressure monitoring device. The antenna is mounted on the circuit board, is operable so as to transmit the signal generated by the sensor, and includes a spiraling antenna section that lies on a plane parallel to the circuit board.

Abstract: A habit cessation aide includes a user-modifiable quitting schedule, a user-initiated habit-occurrence indicator, a display for displaying messages dependent upon the quitting schedule and the number of times the user-initiated habit-occurrence indicator is used, and an overall visual indication of the degree to which the user is maintaining the quitting schedule based upon the quitting schedule and the number of times the user-initiated habit-occurrence indicator is used. A widely held habit is smoking, to which the illustrated embodiment is directed. As shown, the device also functions as a standard watch and includes features such as calculating and displaying items including at least time, date, and elapsed time.

Abstract: A sensor monitor comprises a sensor monitoring section for monitoring a sensor, notifying section for notifying a first notifying destination of a predetermined state when sensed by the sensor, notification confirming section for confirming that the notification has been recognized by the first notifying destination, and control section for deciding a second notifying destination in case of the incapability of confirming that the notification has been recognized, and notifying the notifying means of it.

Abstract: A tracking system (10) for tracking movable assets (16) and several methods for using the system are provided. The tracking system includes a monitoring device (22), a tracking information network (20), a data communication network (18), a tracker tag (12), and a tracking information server (14). The tracker tag uses GPS technology. The tracking information server provides programmed instructions to the tracker tag in messages via a messaging system. The tracker tag selectively retrieves the messages from the messaging system. The tracking information server provides tracking information and related information to a subscriber. In one embodiment, the tracker tag is in communication with an Iridium satellite constellation (28) and tracking information is displayed to the subscriber when the asset is substantially anywhere in the world.

Abstract: A container for locally determining a container state using a state device. The state device detects unexpected events by comparing expected event information with actual event information related to a container condition. The container condition includes, for example, environmental conditions, logistical or location conditions, and physical or security conditions. Thus, the container is able to intelligently monitor its state and raise an alert without intervention from a central system. The container can also be programmed and reprogrammed with updated logic, states, and/or expected event information. A sensor in the state device gathers input information for comparison to expected event information. A communication port in the state device receives event information. For example, a GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver can determine a current location for comparison to an expected location at the current time.

Abstract: The inventive device functions to warn a user of the undesirable condition of an appliance or other equipment. An “undesirable condition” may be an automatic garage door that is left open, a toaster oven or electric heater that is left on, an air conditioner that is left on, a security alarm that is left de-activated, or any other condition which is deemed undesirable and would benefit from a warning device which allows a user to return to the location of the appliance and remedy its undesirable condition. The inventive device is comprised of a base unit system that is in monitoring contact with the appliance of interest through at least one sensor, and a remote receiving unit system which travels in the user's automobile. The base unit communicates status information regarding the appliance to the receiving unit and the receiving unit can determine whether the status of the appliance is undesirable.

Abstract: A system, method, and device for monitoring the dispensing of liquids, in particular, beverages dispensed at a bar or restaurant is disclosed. The device attaches to the exterior of a container and detects dispensing events by sensing tilt or motion of the container, which could include a bottle or a handle. The system includes an electronic sensor device, data receiver, personal computer, bottle opener/camera system, bar code scanner, point of sale, bar camera, network, Web server, and paging system. The method automatically detects and monitors dispensing events, including detecting the type and amount of liquid, reconciling dispensing events with register ring-ups, recording information, saving video specific to the dispensing event, and sending a page indicating anomalies.

Abstract: An advanced food and/or drink organization and/or handling system that greatly facilitates food management and handling to help streamline household operations as relate to foods and related functions and events.

Abstract: The RFID TAG includes a conducting antenna affixed to the surface of the substrate. And, wireless telecommunication IC is electrically linked to antenna. The antenna is provided with a conductor plane and a conductor pressing section, such that wireless telecommunication IC can be electrically linked between conductor plane and conductor pressing section. The area of conductor plane of antenna is bigger than that of conductor pressing section, whereas linear pins are mounted at both sides of wireless telecommunication IC, which is electrically linked to the conductor plane and conductor pressing section by a metal welding, thereby achieving a miniaturized RFID TAG with ease of manufacturing and cost effectiveness.

Abstract: Processing a module packaged within a container involves securely affixing a tag comprising a tag memory and a tag communication element to the container. While the module is enclosed in the container, information pertaining to the module is selectively stored in the tag memory for later readout and processing. A container for enclosing a module includes an electronic tag having a tag memory and a tag communication element. The tag communication element is adapted to receive information from a source, and the tag memory stores that information. While the module is packaged in the container, either first module information or second module information is stored in the tag memory. The module information pertains to the subsequent use of the module. The electronic tag is embedded in the container material, or securely affixed to the container. The electronic tag may span a container opening so that the tag is damaged upon opening the container, providing security against improper re-use.

Abstract: A self powered monitoring device for monitoring an animal's temperature and other vital signs. The device may be mounted in the animal's ear, under the animals skin, or in any location which can be used to generate a reliable indication of the animals temperature and other vital signs. The temperature probe for the device is inserted subcutaneously and thermally and/or electrically connected to the housing of the device. Power for the device is provided by a miniature array of solar cells, the power from the solar cells being used to drive digital circuitry which processes signals from the various probes used to gather data concerning the animal's vital signs. The size of the array is chosen to be commensurate with the number of vital signs monitored, with the amount of sunlight, density of herd, and other factors being considered to ensure sufficient power for the device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for sensing information about the position and/or movements of the body of a living being or a part of the body inside the body, in particular for use in a motor vehicle. The method includes the steps: Send (18) an electromagnetic signal (15) that includes, according to the invention, frequencies in the radar range, to a predetermined area of the body of a living being, Receive (20) an electromagnetic signal (22) reflected from the area of the body, Evaluate (30) the captured receive signal (22) with regard for the difference in delay time and/or frequency relative to the transmit signal (15) to determine the information. With the method according to the present invention, the breathing and heart rate and the position of the body of a driver of a motor vehicle can be monitored in contactless fashion during the drive.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for analyzing a user's communication activity to determine presence patterns at one or more communication devices. A user's presence at one or more communication devices is monitored over time to detect at least one pattern of behavior indicating that a user is likely to be present at a given communication device during a particular time interval. Once a presence pattern is detected, a call that is destined for the user during the associated time interval can be automatically routed to the user at the given communication device. As a transition between each presence pattern is reached, i.e., when the user changes locations or devices, the probability of the user being present on one device decreases while the probability of the user being present on another device increases.

Abstract: A method of utilizing existing fire panel infrastructure to fight terrorism. The fire alarm systems ionization type smoke detectors, in addition to detecting the presence of smoke, would also detect the presence of airborne radioactive particles by effecting only a minor software modification. This enhanced detection ability will enable existing fire panels, as well as standalone residential smoke detectors, to detect the presence of radioactive particles such as those that would be indicative of a deliberate terrorist attack from a “Dirty Bomb” or “Dirty Aerosol” release, or an non-intentional release of radioactive particles due to an accident or natural disaster.

Abstract: A gas safety detector having a self-detection function includes a base board, an electromagnet, a gas device, a magnetically attractive plate, and a sensor. Thus, the gas safety detector has a self-detection function. In addition, when the electromagnet stops operating due to a malfunction or electric shutoff, the magnetically attractive plate is released to release the hook portion which releases the nozzle of the gas device, so that the retractable nozzle of the gas device is returned to the original position immediately so as to stop flow of the gas, thereby preventing the gas from leaking outward so as to provide a protective effect.

Abstract: An integrated radio tower light controller and alarm reporting device is described that is made up of solid-state current sensing modules that monitor the AC current distributed to the various lights/beacons and report various alarm modes. In addition, a solid-state flasher module is used to flash the radio tower beacons at the FAA/FCC specified rate along with reporting various alarm modes. Two mechanical relays are also included for reporting failures with the flasher module and AC power failure. Connecting terminals and testing switches are included to connect to various power leads, alarm leads, and to test the various functions of the device.

Abstract: A method of predicting earthquakes includes the step of positioning a first transducer array adjacent to a seismically active region and below the water table, i.e., within the zone of saturation. The first transducer array includes a first plurality of seismometers, at least one first clock, and at least one first digitizer. The at least one first clock is in communication with at least one of the first plurality of seismometers, and the at least one first digitizer also is in communication with at least one of the first plurality of seismometers. The method also includes the steps of detecting a plurality of wave movements resulting from dilation of the crust of the Earth prior to an earthquake, and converting at least one of the wave movements into a first voltage. The method further includes the step of discriminating between wave movements resulting from dilation of the crust of the Earth and movements resulting from at least one other event.

Abstract: A circuit board is divided into two portions: a flexible printed circuit board; and a printed circuit board. On the flexible circuit board, movements whose layouts on the flexible circuit board are changed based on a design change in a dial plate due to a model change in a vehicle, light emitting diodes, a connector, a buzzer, and a changing-over switch are mounted. On the printed circuit board, a controller that radiates electrical noise during its operation is mounted. This enables a countermeasure for radiating of the electrical noise from the controller to be completed within the printed circuit board. This also enables a circuit design of the flexible printed circuit board to be easily performed. Man power for designing a combination meter can be thereby decreased; further, the combination meter capable of restricting generation of the electrical noise is achieved.

Abstract: A highway/railroad crossing detection and warning system which uses sets of Doppler radar transmitters and receivers to detect the approach of a train coming from either direction toward a highway crossing. The Doppler radar sets are located an extended distance from the crossing with each set detecting movement toward and away from its location. Presence detectors are located at the crossing and sense moving or stationary trains. All detector devices transmit signals to warning equipment to provide aural and visual indications to approaching motorists or work crews.

Abstract: A vehicle tire interrogation system for interrogating sensors embedded in a vehicle tire. The interrogation system both transmits and receives appropriate RF signals to and from the sensors. The system includes antennas operating at two separate frequency bands that have an input impedance at both frequency bands at 50 ohms, are horizontally polarized, and have a gain at a minimum of 2 dBi at the two frequency bands. The antennas may be printed dual band antennas, such as wideband tapered slot antennas, dual band printed dipoles with reflectors or Yagi-Uda array antennas. The antennas can be embedded in various support structures to protect both the antenna and the vehicle tires.

Abstract: An embedded digitization system enables a military platform to receive, transmit and process a variety of types of information for a variety of purposes. An apparatus and method provides a means to ensure information interoperability between the invention and external sources. The invention provides a development environment that enables a developer to automatically and interactively develop the middleware services and functions that contain the aspects for interoperability with external sources. The invention ensures interoperability through reuse of functions and services known to satisfy requirements for interoperability. When functions and services that satisfy requirements for interoperability are not available, the invention provides a means to develop new functions and services that satisfy requirements for interoperability.

Abstract: The present invention provides for delivering content, such as information, advertisements, directions, and news, to a mobile terminal based on location. The mobile terminal is configured to determine its location and whether content is available based on internal records. If content is available, the mobile terminal may initiate correspondence with an application server to obtain the content. The mobile terminal may keep a table identifying the availability of content for defined locations. Preferably, the locations relate to cells within a wireless network wherein the mobile terminal will check for the availability of content for a given cell and request the content. The mobile terminal may check for the availability of content periodically or when the servicing cell changes.

Abstract: The keypad interface element of this invention uses a relaxation oscillator and a digital keypad processor having a counter/timer to decode specific keys. The RC portion of the relaxation oscillator includes a resistance ladder and a set of momentary on pushbutton switches disposed change resistance dependent upon which key is pressed. This causes the relaxation oscillator to produce an output signal having a corresponding frequency. The counter/timer of the digital keypad processor produces a count corresponding to the oscillator frequency. The digital keypad processor latches and holds a binary number specifically identifying the depressed key. A state machine in the digital keypad processor provides transient-free, noise immune keypad decoding.

Abstract: A system for audio data processing including sub-systems for compression and for de-compression. The compression sub-system includes an AD converter, a segment-based multi-channel splitter splitting and segmenting signals into channels each with segments, multi-level 1D discrete wavelet transformers each discrete wavelet transforming for a respective channel each segment thereof in sequence and recursively through a predetermined number of filtering levels into wavelet coefficients, quantizers, a multiplexer multiplexing quantized wavelet coefficients into 2-D arrays, and an embedded block coder coding the 2-D arrays into code blocks, discarding some of the code blocks, truncating a bit stream embedded in each remaining code block, and stringing the truncated bit stream embedded in each remaining code block into a compressed data stream. Another compression sub-system includes a non-segment-based multi-channel splitter, and a plurality groups of 1D discrete wavelet transformers.

Abstract: A method for sampling audio data is provided. In this method, the audio data is received and sampled at a first sampling rate using a first interpolation calculation. Thereafter, the audio data sampled at the first sampling rate is again sampled at a second sampling rate using a second interpolation calculation. After sampling, the second audio data sampled at the second sampling rate is outputted. Circuitries and systems for sampling audio data also are described.

Abstract: A resolver arrangement that is inexpensive and yet offers high resolution and high noise rejection includes a carrier signal generator and two processing channels each of which has an analog input connected a different one of the stator coils and a channel output. Each of the processing channels includes a sigma-delta modulator with an output that supplies a bit-stream representative of an analog input signal received from a respective stator coil. Each channel also includes a first digital filter that receives the bit-stream from the sigma-delta modulator and converts the bit-stream to intermediate digital data-words. In addition, each channel has a digital synchronous demodulator that demodulates the intermediate digital data-words in synchronism with the carrier signal providing demodulated data-words.

Abstract: A signal processing system includes a receiver for receiving an analog signal. The system also includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) coupled to the receiver. At each of a series of time intervals, the ADC outputs sequential digital codes. Each digital code corresponds to a sampled analog value of the received analog signal at each sample interval. The system further includes a memory in which the sequential digital codes may be stored, and a processing circuit for converting the digital codes into a series of binary data bits. The conversion may be performed in a different sequence than the sequence in which the digital codes are stored in the memory.

Abstract: To compensate for errors during the conversion of an analog input signal into a digital output signal in an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), an error of the digital output signal is corrected during operation of the ADC by a compensation device that utilizes stored correction values. The stored correction values may be changed in a predetermined manner or statistically by a certain magnitude. The particular changed correction value may be adopted if a quality criterion of the corrected output signal becomes better than the previous value, or may be rejected if the quality criterion of the corrected output signal becomes worse than the previous value. In the latter case, the respective original correction value is again placed in the table of correction values. In this way, a quasi-adaptive adjustment of the correction data is implemented during the operation of the device.

Abstract: Inverters are efficient array-internal threshold detectors or comparators in digital imaging systems which use time-to-threshold A/D conversion, particularly CMOS image sensor arrays. The inverters compare sensor outputs to implicit inverter thresholds, with inverter outputs switching on threshold crossings. The inverters can have constituent transistors of with minimum size. Alternatively, non-minimum transistor dimensions can be selected to obtain desired threshold levels. Other logic circuits can also act as threshold detectors.

Abstract: A signal processing system includes a look-ahead delta-sigma modulator that processes multiple output candidate vectors and an input vector to determine a quantization error vector for each output candidate vector. In one embodiment, the quantization error vector represents a difference between a cost value vector and an input candidate vector. Look-ahead delta-sigma modulator output values are selected using the quantization error vectors by, for example, determining the minimum power quantization error vector for each input vector X and selecting the output value from the input candidate vector associated with the minimum power quantization error vector. Quantization error vectors can also be weighted using a non-uniform weighting vector.

Abstract: A non-integer decimation filter for decimating an input value includes a first integrator for integrating the input value in an input sample domain at an input sample rate and for generating a first integral of the input value at its output and a second integrator for integrating the first integral of the input value in the input sample domain at the input sample rate and for generating a second integral at its output. A calculation network is coupled to the outputs of the first and second integrators for combining the outputs of the first and second integrators with corresponding coefficients to generate intermediate output values in an output sample domain. A differentiator is configured to receive the intermediate output values from the calculation network and to generate a decimated output value at an output sample rate in which the output sample rate has a non-integer factor with respect to the input sample rate.

Abstract: An analog to digital converter comprises a plurality of comparators, each comparator for comparing an input electrical signal with a respective, pre-selected reference electrical signal, an encoder coupled to the comparators to receive a detection signal from each comparator indicative of the input signal, and a plurality of reference circuits, each reference circuit coupled to a respective one of the plurality of comparators to supply the respective reference electrical signal to the respective comparator.

Abstract: Signal converter systems are provided with N analog-to-digital converters that respectively respond to N interleaved clock signals which have a common clock frequency and are further provided with a filter network that processes the converters' output digital sequences with a selected filter passband a filter passband that is contained within a single one of Nyquist zones whose widths are one half of the clock frequency and that is positioned to pass information contained in the analog signal. In a system embodiment, the filter network comprises a symmetric systolic finite impulse response filter arranged to define N input ports for reception of the digital sequences.

Abstract: The present invention shows a high speed ADC which can be implemented easily and with low cost into a pure digital integrated circuit. This is realized by converting the analog input voltage into a pulse signal and measuring the pulse signal in length with the help of a delay line and an edge detector. With an XOR gate the input pulse can be converted into two pulses of different lengths. With a special calculation circuitry the digital output value becomes independent of the reference frequency used.