Abstract: Disclosed is a self-supporting tire for wheels for bicycles, motorcycles and the like comprising an outer surface layer (5), which establishes contact with the ground (8) and an inner supporting layer (6) realized by a flexible polyurethane elastomer with a cellular structure, which at least partially occupies the internal volume of the tire (1) and supports the outer surface layer, also comprising a flexible membrane (9) substantially having the shape of the outer layer (5) and radially compressing the inner supporting layer (6).

Abstract: A tire 2 comprises a tread 4, a sidewall 6, a bead 8, and a carcass 10. The bead 8 includes a core 20 and an apex 22 which extends outward in a radial direction from the core 20. The apex 22 has an outer layer 24 and an inner layer 26 which is located to the inside of the outer layer 24 in the axial direction. A hardness of the outer layer 24 is greater than that of the inner layer 26. A difference of the hardness between the outer layer 24 and the inner layer 26 is 15 or greater and 30 or less. A ratio of a thickness of the inner layer 26 to that of the apex 22 is 40% or greater and 60% or less. A ratio of a height HA in the radial direction of the apex 22 to a height HS in the radial direction from a bead base line to an end of the tread 4 is 40% or greater and 60% or less.

Abstract: Adhesive tape with a backing of a polymer material and with an adhesive, wherein the backing material is composed of a multiplicity of strips which are oriented in machine direction and aligned in machine direction, the multiplicity of strips being fixed to one another by means of an auxiliary backing film.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of making a scouring web. The method of making the scouring web comprises providing a plurality of metal fibers and a plurality of polymeric fibers, combining the metal fibers with the polymeric fibers, heating the polymeric fibers so that at least a portion of the polymeric fibers melt, and cooling the polymeric fibers to solidify the portion of the polymeric fibers that melted and to secure the blend of metal fibers and polymeric fibers together.

Abstract: A method for repairing a damaged inlet cap of a turbine engine includes removing a damaged portion of a structural fiber layer positioned beneath a first erosion-resistant layer. A structural replacement layer is applied to the inlet cap to replace the removed portion of the structural fiber layer and a second erosion-resistant layer is applied to the inlet cap so that the second erosion-resistant layer is positioned over the structural fiber layer.

Abstract: The invention provides a stitcher and a method of stitching a helical splice having an angle ? on material mounted on a drum, the method comprising the steps of: rotating the drum at a constant speed U, traversing a stitcher assembly at a constant velocity V, wherein the stitcher assembly velocity is coordinated with the drum speed so that the stitcher engages the ply along the helical splice. The invention further provides a stitcher having a roller rotatably mounted to a support frame having a longitudinal axis, wherein the roller is pivotally mounted to the support frame so that the roller can pivot about the longitudinal axis of the handle.

Abstract: The invention includes a method and apparatus for controlling curvatures of light directing devices. The apparatus includes a first substrate portion having formed therein a plurality of cavities, and a substantially flexible membrane disposed over the cavities for forming a respective plurality of light directing mechanisms, the light directing mechanisms disposed over the cavities. The respective curvatures of the light directing mechanisms are set using a pressure difference across each of the membrane portions disposed over the cavities. The respective curvatures of the light directing mechanisms may be controllably adjusted during operation of the light directing mechanisms.

Abstract: A method for joining an initial section (3) of a film tube (2) which is wound up in a band-like manner on a reel (1) with an end section (4) of a second film tube (5) extending over subsequent processing stations, especially a packaging system, in an at least partly band-like manner, in which it is provided that at least one upwardly pivoting tab (3a, 3b, 4a, 4b) each is formed by the placement of a cut in the initial and end sections (3, 4) of the two film tubes (2, 5) to be joined, with a tab (4a, 4b) of the end section (4) being placed on a tab (3a, 3b) of the initial section (3) and the superimposed tabs (3a, 3b, 4a, 4b) are mutually joined in a tension-proof manner. The production of a tension-proof connection of the initial and end sections (3, 4) of the film tubes (2, 5) occurs here by welding, with welding methods on the basis of ultrasonic sound being preferred.

Abstract: Flexible tubular liner coating systems are described herein. A method for coating and forming the flexible tubular inner liner may comprise, in one example, coating at least a first surface of a flexible elongate strip having a first and a second edge and then bringing the first and second edges of the flexible elongate strip into proximity of one another. Once the edges are brought towards one another, they may be joined such that a flexible tubular liner is formed having the coated first surface formed as an inner surface of the flexible tubular liner. Flexible tubular liner coating systems are described herein. A method for coating and forming the flexible tubular inner liner may comprise, in one example, coating at least a first surface of a flexible elongate strip having a first and a second edge and then bringing the first and second edges of the flexible elongate strip into proximity of one another.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a decorative board, which board includes at least one thermosetting resin impregnated paper layer. A decor paper in the form of a web or a sheet, provided with a plurality of decor sections, each decor section being intended to constitute a decor of a decorative panels, is placed as a surface layer on a base layer and bonded thereto by pressing under elevated pressure. A plurality of press plates or press foils, each press plate or press foil being provided with a surface structure intended to match at least one decor section of the decor paper, are accurately positioned on top of the thermosetting impregnated paper layer before the pressing and is after the pressing separated from the laminate achieved. The laminate will hereby be provided with a decor surface with a matching surface structure which is in register with the decor of the decor paper.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming a roofing product. The method includes printing an image representing multiple shingles, multiple roofing tiles and/or multiple wood shakes on a face layer. The face layer and a scrim are combined to form a continuous sheet. The face layer is also embossed. Another method also includes combining a face layer and a scrim to form continuous sheet. A transparent and/or translucent film is provided. An image of multiple shingles, multiple roofing tiles and/or multiple wood shakes is printed on a first side of the film. The first side of the film is laminated to the face layer, opposite the scrim. A method of installation of a roofing product is also provided.

Abstract: Organic electroluminescent device can be formed with multiple layers including an electrode, an emission layer, and a buffer layer. The emission layer includes a light emitting material. The buffer layer is disposed between and in electrical communication with the electrode and the emission layer and includes a triarylamine hole transport material and an electron acceptor material. The buffer layer optionally includes one or more of a) a polymeric binder, b) a color converting material, and c) light scattering particles. The buffer layer can also be formed using a polymeric hole transport material having a plurality of triarylamine moieties.

Abstract: An in-mold and in-line decorating method is disclosed which, using a single sheet layer, allows the placement of the highest possible quality graphics into the surface of products made from a variety of moldable thermoplastic, thermoset, and vulcanizable materials using a variety of molding processes. The methods also provide new or improved capabilities for product identification, safety, and serialized tracking.

Abstract: Provided is a method for enhancing an adhesive bond between a pile and a resin adhesive by maintaining a constant uniform positive pressure of the entire wrapped region regardless of the shrinkage in the resin adhesive. This invention enhances underwater adhesive bond by ensuring proper contact while curing. In one embodiment, constant inward pressure is created by encapsulating the repair and applying a vacuum. The invention can be used for a variety of underwater applications using different resins and different substrate materials. For instance, the invention could be used to repair damaged critical infrastructure, e.g. Bridges, dams, pipelines and locks. Local, state and federal agencies in US and elsewhere as well as marine and naval contractors would find great utility with the invention. The concept could be extended to all adhesion dependent repairs.

Abstract: A sizable reduced weight bicycle frame and method for making such incorporating tubes of a composite material, the method providing for flexibility and full customization of the bicycle frame with a minimum amount of tooling, which tooling securely holds lugs of the bicycle frame at selected customized positions relative to the tooling during the molding process.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention is a system for initiating free radical polymerization comprising: a) in one part, one or more amido-borate compounds containing one or more anionic amido-borate moieties comprising an organoborate wherein the boron atom is bonded to a nitrogen atom of ammonia or an organic compound containing one or more nitrogen atoms, such as a hydrocarbyl amine, a hydrocarbyl polyamine, or an aromatic heterocycle containing one or more nitrogen atoms and optionally containing one or more heteroatoms or heteroatom containing functional moieties, and one or more cationic counter ions and b) in a second part, a liberating compound which reacts with the nitrogen atom(s) bound to the boron atom(s) upon contact with the amido-borate to form an organoborane radical.

Abstract: The present invention generally provides a method and apparatus for processing a substrate in a wet processing chamber. One embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for processing a substrate. The apparatus comprises a gas delivery assembly disposed outside the chamber. The gas delivery assembly directs a gas flow towards areas where a substrate support contacts the substrate.

Abstract: A planarizing pad for planarizing a microelectronic substrate, and a method and apparatus for forming the planarizing pad. In one embodiment, planarizing pad material is mixed with compressed gas to form a plurality of discrete elements that are distributed on a film support material. The film support material is supported by a liquid and is drawn from the liquid with a backing layer. At least a portion of the discrete elements are spaced apart from each other on the film support material to form a textured surface for engaging a microelectronic substrate and removing material from the microelectronic substrate. The discrete elements can be uniformly or randomly distributed on the film support material.

Abstract: To provide an inexpensive gas dispersion plate having a high corrosion resistance to halogen-based corrosive gasses and a plasma thereof, and capable of preventing particle generation from the gas hole, thereby contributing to an improvement in the production yield of the semiconductor devices. The gas dispersion plate includes one or plural gas holes in a base material formed by a Y2O3 ceramic material having a relative density of 96% or more, in which an edge part of the gas hole is formed by a sand blasting process into a rounded shape with a radius of curvature of 0.2 mm or more.

Abstract: An improved plasma vessel (i.e., plasma applicator) that provides effective cooling includes a plurality of generally linear tubes having a dielectric interior fluidly connected together by dielectric connectors. The tubes and connectors are joined together to form a leak-tight plasma vessel. A cooling system surrounding the improved plasma vessel includes a rigid cooling plate and a deformable thermal transfer material disposed between the plasma vessel and the cooling plate. After use or at an operator's discretion, the plasma vessel can be removed from the cooling system and a new vessel may be inserted in its place. Alternatively, the used vessel may be refurbished and re-inserted into the cooling system. The new or refurbished vessel may or may not be of the same size or configuration as the used vessel. Thermal contact between the cooling system and the new or refurbished vessel, however is maintained through the deformable thermal transfer material.

Abstract: A bonded multi-layer RF window may include an external layer of dielectric material having desired thermal properties, an internal layer of dielectric material exposed to plasma inside a reaction chamber, and an intermediate layer of bonding material between the external layer and the internal layer. Heat produced by the chemical reaction inside the chamber and by the transmission of RF energy through the window may be conducted from the internal layer to the external layer, which may be cooled during a semiconductor wafer manufacturing process. A bonded multi-layer RF window may include cooling conduits for circulating coolant to facilitate cooling of the internal layer; additionally or alternatively, gas distribution conduits and gas injection apertures may be included for delivering one or more process gases into a reaction chamber. A system including a plasma reaction chamber may employ the inventive bonded multi-layer RF window.

Abstract: An improved autoclave for curing retread tires includes a chamber with circulating air flow having turbulence generating devices located in a middle length-wise portion of the chamber. The turbulence generating devices include apertures to guide air from a supply duct into the chamber, and/or wedge-shaped elements or fins mounted on the interior wall of the chamber to disrupt the air flow and cause turbulence.

Abstract: A moistening device that significantly reduces any loss of contact between the applicator and envelope flap regardless of the thickness of the mail piece or size of the flap, thereby ensuring sufficient wetting of the glue line on the envelope flap with moistening fluid, is provided. A deflection device is added to a portion of the support to which the applicator is secured. The deflection device is located and sized to exert a force on the applicator, causing the applicator to form into a shape that more closely matches the shape of an envelope flap being processed, while also allowing the applicator to flex slightly in multiple directions. This results in little to no loss of contact between the applicator and glue line on the envelope flap, thereby allowing sufficient moistening fluid to be transferred from the applicator to the glue line.

Abstract: A separator guide face for guiding a separator which is peeled off an adhesive tape at a region where the tape is wound of a tape supply roller in a direction different from a tape joining and moving direction is formed on a separator guide arranged to be opposed to a tape supply roller, and the separator guide can be changed between a posture for a separator guiding operation posture opposed to the tape supply roller and a release posture which is largely separated from the tape supply roller 12.

Abstract: An auxiliary tool for putting a tire (8) on a rim (9), in particular for keeping a bead (16) of the tire (8) above the outer edge (15) of the rim (9) and for driving this bead (16) in the recess of the rim (9), wherein this auxiliary tool comprises a body in the shape of a fork or in the shape of a comb, comprising at least two teeth (3).

Abstract: A tire/wheel bead entrapment remover is disclosed. The tire/wheel bead entrapment remover includes one or more working assemblies having a circumferential perimeter that substantially engages a tire. The one ore more working assemblies axially-moves one of a wheel of the tire mounted to the wheel while axially-fixing the other of the tire or the wheel to remove one or more entrapments between a bead of the tire and a beat seat of the wheel. According to an embodiment, a tire/wheel bead entrapment remover includes one or more wheels that engages an outboard surface or an inboard surface of a tire mounted to a wheel. The radial axis extends through the one or more wheels. The radial axis traverses a radial line that radially extends from a common axis of rotation of the tire and the wheel. A method for removing an entrapment from a tire/wheel assembly is also disclosed.

Abstract: A vertically moving door of a truck loading dock includes a disconnectable horizontal joint that provides the door with a barrier position, wherein an upper section of the door can be separated from a lower section to create a ventilation area between the two. The ventilation area allows fresh outside air to enter the building, while the lower section remains at its lowermost position for safety and security. More specifically, the lower section serves as a barrier that helps prevent someone or something from accidentally falling through the doorway when a truck is not present at the dock. A lightweight, resilient strap can be attached to the lower section of the door to help protect that section from an otherwise damaging impact. A lattice of straps or a mesh can be installed across the ventilation area to help secure the building against theft.

Abstract: A roller stop for connection to the head rail of a covering for an architectural openings is releasably connectable to a rear edge of the head rail in overlying relationship with a roller having shade material thereon with the shade material having a bottom rail. The roller stop has a pivotally mounted body selectively positionable in closely adjacent but spaced relationship from the outer wrap of shade material on the roller and in a position to engage the bottom rail when the shade material is fully wrapped on said roller. A catch arm is selectively engageable with serrated teeth to releasable hold the pivotal body in a preselected desired position.

Abstract: An omnibus process of pulping and bleaching lignocellulosic materials in which a charge of a lignocellulosic material is biopulped and/or water extracted prior to pulping and bleaching. The lignocellulosic material may be mechanically pulped and bleached in the presence of an enzyme that breaks lignin-carbohydrate complexes. The aqueous extract in embodiments including a water extract step is separated into acetic acid and hemicellulose sugar aqueous solutions.

Abstract: Water stable fibers and articles made therefrom are formed from a thermoplastic composition comprising destructured starch, polyhydric alcohol, acid, and optionally triglyceride. Processes for making water stable compositions may comprise melt extruding a mixture of destructured starch, polyhydric alcohol, acid, and optionally triglyceride, to form an extrudate, and heating the mixture, extrudate, or both to provide a water stable article.

Abstract: A method for combining wax patterns for making a golf club head includes the steps of: prefabricating a first wax pattern and a second wax pattern to constitute a combined wax pattern, and at least one of connection surfaces of the first and second wax patterns providing a cutout portion to form an injection notch on a boundary line of the combined wax pattern; and inserting the first wax pattern and the second wax pattern into a mold assembly, and injecting liquid wax into the injection notch to form a wax-connection portion between the first wax pattern and the second wax pattern. Accordingly, the wax-connection portion is integrally connected between the first wax pattern and the second wax pattern to constitute the combined wax pattern.

Abstract: A gravity die casting plant (1) for metal-foam mouldings comprises at least one die (2, 3, 4), one reservoir (16) for the metal melt and at least one metering and mixing device (11, 12, 13) for metering and mixing a foam-generating medium with the melt, at least one gate box (7) being arranged between the die (2, 3, 4) and the reservoir (16), and the metering and mixing device (11, 12, 13) being arranged in the gate box (7).

Abstract: This invention has provided a manufacturing method of semi-finished piston with inner cooling channel through liquid extrusion process, including the following steps: a) produce a wear-resistant cast iron ring with coupling hooks and a common salt and corundum dissoluble core with convex edges; b) fix the wear-resistant cast iron ring in the casting moulds after being aluminized; c) fix the dissoluble core after being pre-heated on the wear-resistant cast iron ring with coupling hooks and convex edges; d) fill in the casting mould with aluminum alloy liquid, compressing and molding. The dissoluble core can be accurately fixed in the casting mould through coupling hooks and convex edges. When the semi-finished piston has been manufactured into finished product, it shall be characterized by high compactness and high mechanical property resulted from liquid extrusion technology.

Abstract: A rheo-casting container for containing a charge of semi-solid metal alloy includes an elongate body defining a side wall of the container, a mouth at a first end of the body, an opening at a second end of the body, and a closure member to close the opening. The closure member is configured to be displaceable along an interior volume of the body from the second end towards the first end to display a charge of semi-solid metal alloy contained in the container. The closure member is of a metal alloy the same as or similar to the semi-solid metal alloy for which the container is to be used and has a melting point which is not less than the temperature at which the metal alloy is to be introduced into the container.

Abstract: A method for making a thin cast strip with reduced meniscus marks includes assembling a pair of casting rolls laterally positioned to form a nip therebetween, preparing molten steel having a carbon content in the range of 0.01 to 0.3% by weight, a manganese content between 0.1 and 0.8% by weight, a silicon content between 0.05 and 0.5% by weight, a calcium content between 0.0008 and 0.004% by weight, an aluminum content between 2 and 500 ppm by weight, having a free oxygen content below about 50 ppm at 1600 ° C., forming a casting pool of the molten steel supported on casting surfaces of the casting rolls above the nip, and counter-rotating the casting rolls cause thin strip to be casted downwardly from the nip.

Abstract: A heat storage unit capable of efficiently storing heat in a short time. The unit includes: a heat storage container 1a that houses sodium acetate 3, which stores heat by a state change between solid and liquid, and oil 2, which exchanges heat by directly contacting the sodium acetate 3, has smaller specific gravity than that of the sodium acetate 3, and is separated from the sodium acetate 3. Further, the unit includes: a supply pipe 4 that passes at least through the sodium acetate 3 housed in the heat storage container 1a and supplies the oil 2 into the heat storage container 1a; and a discharge pipe that discharges the oil 2 housed in the heat storage container 1a to the outside of the heat storage container 1a. Then, the supply pipe 4 crosses the boundary surface between the oil 2 and the sodium acetate 3 which are housed in the heat storage container 1a, has a plurality of discharge holes that discharge the supplied oil 2a, and at least one of the discharge holes 6 are positioned in the oil 2.

Abstract: A bus heater system that includes a plurality of heater units disposed along each side of a floor in a bus in the longitudinal direction of the bus. The bus heater system of the present invention makes it possible for heating levels in several sections in the bus to be independently adjusted. Furthermore, the body of the bus heater system has a markedly reduced volume protruding into the passenger compartment of the bus and reduced operating noise, and can evenly heat the passenger compartment of the bus, thus making the passenger compartment more comfortable.

Abstract: A recurring natural water cooling device is provided. The recurring natural water cooling device includes a flow channel through which a natural water flow from a natural water source is circulated, a thermal exchanging device through which a thermal fluid flows and being placed in the flow channel so as to transfer a heat of the thermal fluid to the natural water flow, a power device speeding up the circulated natural water, and a plurality of diversion devices communicatively connecting the natural water source and the flow channel.

Abstract: A heat-dissipating model includes a heat-conducting member and a heat-dissipating body. The heat-conducting member has a hollow cylinder with a closed end. The interior of the wall of the cylinder is formed with a vacuum chamber. The vacuum chamber is provided with a capillary structure and a working fluid therein. The heat-dissipating body has a through hole for connecting to the outer periphery of the heat-conducting member. Further, the periphery of the heat-dissipating body is provided with a plurality of heat-dissipating fins. With the above arrangement, the heat generated by the heat source can be dissipated to a far place, so that it can be continuously operated at a lower temperature. As a result, the effect of heat conduction or dissipation can be improved and the life is extended.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for medical use, comprising a tube bundle formed by a plurality of tubes having a straight axis for the conveyance of a primary fluid, which are embedded at their ends in disks located at the end faces of an outer jacket which is adapted to delimit, together with the disks, a portion of space for the containment of the tube bundle which is designed to be crossed by a secondary fluid, each tube having, at least at a portion of its length, a plurality of consecutive crimps adapted to determine a progressive variation of the shape of the passage section.

Abstract: Systems and methods for improving heat exchangers by implementing self-energizing seals. In one embodiment, a U-tube heat exchanger includes a shell enclosure, a tube sheet, a closure and a set of tubes welded to the tube sheet. The tube sheet separates first and second chambers from a third chamber in the shell enclosure. The closure seals the first and second chambers. Each tube extends from the first chamber, through the third chamber to the second chamber. The improvement comprises a seal between the shell enclosure and either the closure or the tube sheet. The seal includes conically tapered sealing surfaces on the shell enclosure and closure or tube sheet which form a wedge-shaped gap. A seal ring having surfaces complementary to the sealing surfaces of the shell enclosure and closure or tube sheet is positioned between the sealing surfaces to form a self-energized seal.

Abstract: A heat exchanger comprises: a long and slender entrance side tank connected to one end side in the longitudinal direction of a plurality of laminated tubes; and an entrance pipe protruded from a wall face laid in the longitudinal direction of the entrance side tank, communicated with the inside of the entrance side tank, the heat exchanger further comprising: a division plate shifted from a center of a projected region which is formed when an inner diameter portion of the entrance pipe is projected into the entrance side tank, the division plate being formed into a plate-shape, the division plate being arranged so that the inside of the entrance side tank can be divided into two portions in the longitudinal direction and the plate face of the division plate can be laid in the axial direction of the entrance pipe, wherein the division plate divides a flow of fluid flowing into the entrance pipe by a plate-shaped end portion so that a flow of fluid flowing onto one side in the longitudinal direction of the entr

Abstract: A device for the exchange of heat between one or more fluids. This invention has three side walls (10) and two end flanges (12) forming the main body of the invention. An inlet conduit (22) brings a fluid to the inlet port (20) situated on the invention. An outlet port (24) allows the fluid to pass out of the invention and into an outlet conduit (26). Fins (16) increase the surface area and partitions (18), as well as adding surface area, provide a means of directing the flow of fluid through the invention. The invention may be enclosed by exterior walls (14) to form auxiliary heat transfer areas (28).

Abstract: A cooling device that cools a heat generator generating heat in response to application or a signal based on a predetermined signal via a cooling fluid includes a cooling fluid cooling section that cools the cooling fluid, a control section that controls the cooling fluid cooling section in accordance with a signal based on the predetermined signal, and a signal processing section that supplies the heat generator with the signal based on the predetermined signal relatively late, and supplies the control section with the signal based on the predetermined signal relatively early.

Abstract: A well treatment system of the present invention includes a housing forming a sealed surge chamber, and a surge charge disposed within the sealed surge chamber, wherein the surge charge is adapted upon activation to penetrate the housing and to not penetrate material exterior of the housing. Fluid communication is created between the surge chamber and the wellbore when the housing is penetrated by the surge charge. The penetration permits wellbore fluid to flow quickly into the surge chamber. Fluid flow into the surge chamber may enhance a surge of flow from the formation into the wellbore.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing a rheological property of a fluid with a particulate includes: (a) a receptacle having a cylindrical side wall enclosed by a bottom wall defining a cavity for receiving a fluid to be tested; (b) an axial support adapted to be positioned in the cavity of the receptacle, whereby relative rotational motion can be imparted to the receptacle and the axial support; (c) at least one inward projection extending inward from an inside surface of the receptacle; (d) at least one outward projection extending outward from the axial support; and (e) at least one projection for directing fluid flow that has at least one major surface angled or curved upward. A method of testing a Theological property of a fluid with a particulate includes: (a) placing a sample of the fluid and the particulate in the apparatus; (b) imparting relative rotational motion to the receptacle and the axial support; and (c) measuring the torque between the receptacle and the axial support.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for evaluating a fluid from a subterranean formation of a wellsite via a downhole tool positionable in a wellbore penetrating a subterranean formation are provided. The apparatus relates to a downhole tool having a probe with at least two intakes for receiving fluid from the subterranean formation. The downhole tool is configured according to a wellsite set up. The method involves positioning the downhole tool in the wellbore of the wellsite, drawing fluid into the downhole tool via the at least two intakes, monitoring at least one wellsite parameter via at least one sensor of the wellsite and automatically adjusting the wellsite setup based on the wellsite parameters.

Abstract: A composition of a wet hydrocarbon foaming agent including a siloxane can foam wet hydrocarbons. The siloxane wet hydrocarbon foaming agent advantageously foams hydrocarbons that have as little as 5 percent water present and those hydrocarbons having as much as 90 percent water present. The wet hydrocarbon foaming agent can be used in oil and gas production for gas lift and foam blocking applications. The foaming agent can also be used for clearing hydrocarbons from pipelines and other vessels used for transporting oil and gas.

Abstract: A method of treating a hydrocarbon containing formation is described. The method may include providing a hydrocarbon recovery composition to the hydrocarbon containing formation. Hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon containing formation may interact with the hydrocarbon recovery composition. The hydrocarbon recovery composition may include an aliphatic anionic surfactant and an aliphatic nonionic additive. In some embodiments, an aliphatic anionic surfactant may be branched. In other embodiments, an aliphatic nonionic additive may be branched.

Abstract: Methods of improving load recovery using hydrophobic coatings to enhance the recovery of treatment fluids from subterranean formations may include the use of hydrophobic coating agents. In particular, such methods may include the steps of coating a plurality of particulates so as to form a plurality of hydrophobically-coated particulates. The presence of these hydrophobically-coated particulates downhole may enhance the recovery of aqueous treatment fluids.