Abstract: An improved paint mixer of the type rotating a paint container about a tumbling axis and a perpendicular spin axis, the improvements of a clamp assembly and lock, splash guards protecting a range-of-travel of upright clamp portions, low friction guide plates, an adjustable height strike plate and roller, a rigid gear assembly, an offset in the clamp to return the paint container to an upright position after mixing, and a relief in a raised portion on a lower plate of the clamp for assisting loading and unloading of the paint container.

Abstract: An improved paint mixer of the type rotating a paint container about a tumbling axis and a perpendicular spin axis, the improvements of a clamp assembly and lock, splash guards protecting a range-of-travel of upright clamp portions, low friction guide plates, an adjustable height strike plate and roller, a rigid gear assembly, an offset in the clamp to return the paint container to an upright position after mixing, and a relief in a raised portion on a lower plate of the clamp for assisting loading and unloading of the paint container.

Abstract: By coupling small laboratory bench-top mixer/stirrer or stirred tank reactor with a small portable low voltage DC motor for agitation power, these laboratory devices become portable with uninterrupted power supply and without compromising their continuous operation and high power input capability. This type of small portable DC motor is commercially available, of the consumable type and powered by line power adaptor, car battery or a 12-volt DC battery. Together with an innovative open frame design, this small portable generic stirred reaction device can also achieve mass-production economy and personalized convenience.

Abstract: A static mixing device (1), containing at least one first mixing element (A) which contains a plurality of particularly parallel channels (2), which are orthogonal in relation to the main direction of flow (H), on a front side, wherein the channels (2) are not connected to each other but comprise through-flow openings (3) in the main direction of flow (H); further comprising a second mixing element (B) which enters into contact with the first mixing element (A) and which comprises a plurality of particularly parallel channels (2), which are orthogonal in relation to the main direction of flow (H), wherein the channels (2) are interconnected, wherein openings are more particularly provided in the side walls of the channels (2), enabling a medium (M) to pass therethrough in the main direction of flow (H). A plurality of more particularly parallel channels (2), which are not connected to each other, are arranged in an orthogonal manner in relation to the main direction of flow (H) on a rear side (R) thereof.

Abstract: The present invention is a feed mixing tank. The regulating portion is a topology structure and has at least one collecting part, at least one shunt part and at least one flow channel, wherein the collecting part, the shunt part and the flow channel are connected to each other to mix and separate fuel therein. The pour-in portion pours outside fuel in the feed mixing tank and connects to the regulating portion. The output portion outputs the fuel passing through the regulating portion and connects to the regulating portion.

Abstract: A method for generating an average gamma factor for recorded PS data and recorded PP data. The method includes mapping one or more arrival times of the recorded PS data onto one or more expected arrival times of the recorded PP data using an estimated average gamma factor, identifying one or more corresponding pairs of events in the recorded PS data and the recorded PP data using forward modeling, applying geophysical reasoning on the corresponding pairs of events and generating the average gamma factor.

Abstract: A time piece with LED light means adapted a simple light-medium body with very rough finish to allow the LED(s) pass though the input-end(s) and make majority light beams travel within the body to get very even brightness on all surface of the said light medium to be seen by viewer. Incorporating with milky/frosted front sheet overlay the said light-medium surface can get perfect photometric effects. The movement for time display for analog time piece with build-in light-medium on top cover of the said movement will get super slim LED illumination for time piece. For night light application, the sealed-unit consist of prong-means and LED related circuit to seal within a safety standard plastic material and assembly with night light body can save a lot of cost and may use all kind materials to do rest part of night light to increase the big flexibility for eye-catching design. Same as LCD display time piece.

Abstract: An electronic device comprising a first pusher located in a first position on the electronic device, wherein actuation of the first pusher causes initiation of a first operational sequence; a second pusher located in a second position on the electronic device, wherein actuation of the second pusher causes initiation of a second operational sequence; an integrated circuit, operatively coupled to the first and second pushers, for selectively carrying out the first and second operational sequences; switching means for switching the operational sequences initiated by the first and second pushers such that subsequent to actuation of the switching means, the first pusher causes initiation of the second operational sequence and the second pusher causes initiation of the first operational sequence; whereby the first operational sequence is different from the second operational sequence.

Abstract: A clock 1000 of the invention includes a dead-weight body, dead-weight body lifting means 100 for lifting the dead-weight body supplied to a lower position to an upper position, a rotation wheel 210 having, at its periphery, plural reception parts 212 which can hold the dead-weight body, and an escapement mechanism which actuates the rotation wheel intermittently. The dead-weight lifting means includes a drive body 110 provided with a spiral drive surface having a horizontal or inclined axis, and a rotation drive source which rotation-drives the drive body around the axis. The dead-weight lifting means is constructed such that the dead-weight body is driven on the drive surface by rotation of the drive body thereby to be translated from the lower position to the upper position. The dead-weight body lifted by the dead-weight lifting means to the upper position is supplied to the upper reception part, whereby the rotation wheel rotates by the predetermined angle.

Abstract: A near field light generating device generating near field light from incident light by using a solid immersion mirror and a heat assisted magnetic recording head with the same are provided. The near field light generating device includes a light source; a waveguide core which transmits light; and a solid immersion mirror, which generates near field light, including an upper transmission surface through which light from the waveguide core is transmitted into the solid immersion mirror, a lower reflection surface, opposite the upper transmission surface, which reflections light incident thereon, lateral reflection surfaces, facing each other at sides of the solid immersion mirror, which reflect light incident thereon, and a lower transmission region disposed at a center of the lower reflection surface. Light reflected from the lateral reflection surfaces forms a light spot on the lower transmission region.

Abstract: A light delivery module having a structure in which components can be precisely aligned and be integrated as a single unit, and a heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) head employing the light delivery module. The light delivery module includes: a base having a first groove; a light source mounted on the base; an optical device that is installed on the base and guides light radiated from the light source; a cover member that is bonded to the base to protect the light source and the optical device and has a second groove facing the first groove; and a nano aperture bonded in the first and second grooves to form an enhanced near-field by adjusting the distribution of the light transmitted through the optical device.

Abstract: Private information is removed from dictation so that the transcriptionist never has access to the private information. A software program is used to first extract the private information and then later (after the transcription is completed by, for example, the transcriptionist) reinsert the removed private information back into the final report. This eliminates any possibility of a human in the transcription process accessing the private information.

Abstract: On an information recording medium, a recording area is divided in a plurality of data areas, and data is recorded on each of the data areas. In response to a request for obtaining data management information concerning a recording of the data recorded on each of the data areas, a plurality of predetermined data areas among the foregoing data areas are regarded as a predetermined pseudo area, and the data management information including information concerning the predetermined pseudo area is obtained.

Abstract: An information recording apparatus for recording data on an information recording medium includes a logical-format-image manager configured to generate logical-format-image data; a logical-format-image storage unit configured to store the logical-format-image data generated by the logical-format-image manager; and a recording controller configured to exercise control so that the logical-format-image data stored in the logical-format-image storage unit is recorded on an information recording medium during periods of suspension of recording of user data on the information recording medium, the periods of suspension being provided intermittently on the basis of an amount of user data stored in a buffer for storing user data.

Abstract: A grating (3) including first and second regions (B1 and B2) through which the light beams, having wavelengths ?1 and ?2, respectively, pass, each of the regions including a region having diffraction grooves whose concavoconvex pitches are partially shifted so that a pattern is provided to cause each of the first and second light beams to have a partial phase shift. The pattern is set so that amplitudes of push-pull signals of the sub-beams are substantially cancelled in each of the light beams having different wavelengths. With this, it is possible to provide an optical pickup (i) having a plurality having different light sources in one package, (ii) capable of realizing low cost in the case in which the optical pickup carries out track detection using three beams with respect to any optical discs, such as DVDs and CDs, and (iii) capable of realizing simplifications of assembly adjustment and the pickup.

Abstract: On an optical disk medium according to the present invention, address information is recorded along a wobbling track groove 2. The track groove 2 is made up of a plurality of unit sections 22, 23. Each of these unit sections 22, 23 has side faces that are displaced periodically in a disk radial direction. This displacement oscillates at a single period in a tracking direction. However, the displacement pattern differs depending on “each bit of address information (subdivided information)” allocated to each of the unit sections 22, 23.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a tilt adjustment system and method of an optical disk device with a pickup head, which includes a decoder for decoding the encoded information from an optical disk and checking whether error occurs during decoding. A decoding error calculator calculates a statistics corresponding to the decoding errors under the different tilts of the pickup head. A tilt control unit utilizes a specific algorithm to determine a decoding error rate, which is minimal than the other error rates within the statistics. Thus, an optimal tilt value can be decided upon the minimal error rate to adjust the tilt of the pickup head.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for controlling the quality of writing an optical storage medium in an optical storage system having an accessing logic for steering data to be written onto or read from the optical storage medium. The apparatus contains a halting controller, an evaluation device, a recording tangential velocity (RTV) adjusting device, and a starting controller. The halting controller requests the accessing logic to halt a write procedure at a stopping point. The evaluation device evaluates the writing quality of a portion of the data recorded onto the optical storage medium to generate an evaluation result. The RTV adjusting device requests the accessing logic to adjust the RTV of the optical storage medium if the evaluation result does not satisfy predetermined criteria. Finally, the starting controller requests the accessing logic to restart the write procedure to continue writing data onto the optical storage medium.

Abstract: Some conventional optical disc apparatuses must continuously perform a recording operation if they continuously receive data from the host apparatus, which eliminates the opportunity for them to perform necessary internal adjustments during the recording operation. Other conventional optical disc apparatuses can perform internal adjustments even if they continuously receive data from the host apparatus. However, they may need to use an inappropriate disc area to make such adjustments. The present invention has been devised to solve these problems. The present invention provides a method for recording data on a disc which allows an optical disc apparatus to perform necessary internal adjustments during a recording operation even if it continuously receives data from the host apparatus during that operation. Further, the present invention also provides an adjustment method that allows an optical disc apparatus to perform adjustments using an appropriate area on the disc.

Abstract: The present invention discloses read and write power control methods and system for an optical recording device that records information on an optical disk having read-only areas. The read and write power control methods respectively introduce the steps of determining a specific level of a former power control signal output based on a former power control, and then according to the specific level, setting a predetermined level of a power control signal to induce a present power control for rapidly outputting a proper power of the pick-up head. Accordingly, the level transition of the read/write power control signal can be shortened and even eliminated. An unstable read/write power output for the pick-up head can be avoided.

Abstract: A recording layer close to a disc surface is divided into at least two recording areas, a main information recording area D1A and an auxiliary information area (BCA) D1C. Grooves are formed in the main information recording area D1A. Marks M are formed in barcode form representing identifying information in the auxiliary information recording area (BCA) D1C. Track grooves G1 or prepits are formed in the recording layer of the auxiliary information recording area (BCA) D1C and have a depth smaller than that of the groove formed in the main information recording area D1A.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for recording data at specific locations on a DVD includes selectively detecting the occurrence of wobble sync during a window computed from previous occurrences of wobble sync and eight-to-fourteen modulation sync. The method and apparatus also uses a phase-locked loop to recover the wobble signal, including wobble sync, and computes phase drift between wobble sync and eight-to-fourteen modulation sync and applies a compensation profile, compatible with a read clock phase-locked loop, to the wobble sync phase-locked loop.

Abstract: A multilayer holographic recording medium in which a recording density and a data transfer rate are largely improved, a manufacturing method of the same, a multilayer holographic recording and reproducing method, a multilayer holographic memory reproducing apparatus, and a multilayer holographic recording and reproducing apparatus are provided. A multilayer holographic recording medium 10 from which information is reproduced by a multilayer holographic memory reproducing apparatus 36 includes a plurality of deposited holographic recording layers 14A, 14B, 14C, . . . . During recording, a reference beam is common to those holographic recording layers and an incident angle of an object beam is modulated for each holographic recording layer. During reproduction, a laser beam for reproduction having the same condition as that of the reference beam used for recording is projected thereonto, so that diffraction beams are simultaneously generated in the respective holographic recording layers 14A, 14B, . . .

Abstract: In an integrated optical unit of the present invention, a photo detector (12) and a holding member (17) that sustains a semiconductor laser (11) are provided on a polarizing beam splitter (14). This makes it possible to reduce a deviation from a designed value due to tolerance, and adjust a relative positional relationship between the semiconductor laser (11) and the photo detector (12). Therefore, returned light from an optical disk (4) is accurately adjusted with respect to a division line of a photo-detecting device (13). As a result, stable servo-control is realized, and an information signal with fine quality is obtained.

Abstract: An optical pickup device according to the present invention having two light sources is capable of emitting lights having different wavelengths from each other for recording/reproducing information on/from an optical recording medium by using a light from the light source; wherein the two light sources both are capable of emitting either polarization lights in one polarization direction or polarization lights perpendicular to the one polarization direction, and each of the two light sources is arranged at a predetermined position depending on a polarization direction of the light to be emitted.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for modulating data in an optical disk recording/reproducing apparatus. The method of modulating data may include modulating source data by using a modulation table including a plurality of modulation rows, wherein each of the plurality of modulation rows may include a plurality of modulation code word bits illustrating a modulation code word, digital sum value (DSV) position bits illustrating a position of a DSV control bit and a row selection bit determining whether each of the modulation rows corresponds to an odd data word of the source data or an even data word of the source data. The method and apparatus may be used for modulating data so that data modulation speed may be increased. The size of a memory storing the modulation table in the optical disk recording/reproducing apparatus may be reduced.

Abstract: A super-resolution optical recording medium has at least a recording layer and a super resolution layer on a substrate. In the recording layer, a minimum recording mark is formed with spaces within a beam spot of a laser beam in recording. The minimum recording mark has a size of a resolution limit of a reproduction optical system or less, and can be reproduced by the reproduction optical system due to the existence of the super solution layer. The minimum recording mark in an AFM image takes the shape of a convex arc on a leading edge thereof and the shape of a concave arc on a trailing edge thereof (the AFM image is a plan view which can be observed on a surface when the light transmission layer is removed), and spaces have the similar shape to these.

Abstract: An information storage device includes a substrate and a shape memory alloy film established on the substrate. The shape memory alloy film may receive, supply, and store digital information. One or more thermoelectric modules is/are nanoimprinted between the substrate and the shape memory alloy film. The thermoelectric module(s) is adapted to selectively erase at least some of the digital information from the shape memory alloy film.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an recording method for a multi-layered optical recording medium including M phase change recording layers, with M?2. The method comprises recording a mark in a Kth one of said recording layers by using a laser to irradiate the Kth recording layer using a recording pulse train including a plurality of laser beam pulses. The recording pulse train for the Kth recording layer has a cycle of t(K)[T], the 1st recording layer is the recording layer closest the laser beam, and the Mth recording layer is the recording layer furthest from the laser beam, T is a clock cycle. The the following relationship is satisfied: t(1)<t(M), and the cycle of recording pulse train does not decrease from one recording layer to the next recording layer in the direction in which the laser beam irradiates.

Abstract: An information recording medium includes a user information storage area which stores user information, a test write area which is extendable and for test write of information, a spare area which is extendable and capable of alternatively storing user information, and a recording position management information area including recordable range information expressing recordable ranges in the aforesaid test write area and the aforesaid spare area. The information recording medium, an information reproducing apparatus, an information reproducing method and an information recording method which make it easy to record and reproduce information properly are provided.

Abstract: A medium, system, and method are disclosed for a common data storage medium depression depth. An optical data storage medium comprises a plurality of spacer layers and data surfaces. A wavelength for a radiation beam such as the emission of a laser diode is identified. The index of refraction for a first spacer layer or substrate is also identified. The substrate is configured to transmit the radiation beam. The index of refraction of a second spacer layer that is configured to transmit the radiation beam is also identified. A depression depth for a plurality of pits for ROM media, or sector headers for recordable media, or grooves for recordable media on each data surface is substantially equal to the radiation beam wavelength divided by four times the average of the indexes of refraction of each spacer layer. In one embodiment, the average is an arithmetic mean of the indexes of refraction. In an alternate embodiment, the average is a harmonic mean of the indexes of refraction.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing partially coherent Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transmissions within a multi-carrier communication system is provided herein. During operation similar information bits enter each base station (401, 402). The information bits are encoded by each base station to produce a plurality of systematic bits and parity check bits. Each base station produces a set of similar systematic/parity bits and dissimilar systematic/parity bits. The similar bits are modulated and transmitted using the same resource elements. The remaining symbols are transmitted on any resource elements. Thus the transmissions from multiple base stations are received by the UE partially coherently. Since the same fraction of systematic bits are transmitted from each base station, the transmissions are homogeneous and hence can be received and decoded equally well in any cell are outside the handover region (i.e. closer to base station).

Abstract: A base station for use in a wireless network capable of communicating according to a multi-carrier protocol. The base station communicates with subscriber stations using a first pre-defined set of subcarriers. If the base station determines that no additional subcarriers are available in the first pre-defined set to communicate with a first subscriber station, the base station borrows subcarrier resources by selecting a first subcarrier in a second pre-defined set of subcarriers used by a first neighboring base station and allocates the first subcarrier in the second pre-defined set to communicate with the first subscriber station.

Abstract: A wireless communication system has no limitation in the number of AP antennas and UT antennas, and determines the parallel-communication data units to be a maximum value of MIMO communication, such that it provides a MIMO-SDMA wireless data communication system having superior transmission characteristics. The MIMO-SDMA wireless data communication system includes a single AP (Access Point) and U UTs (User Terminals) communicating with the AP using the same frequency signal at the same time. The UT includes the SDMA reception (Rx) processor, and synthesizes Rx signals of antennas, such that it controls the number of Rx data units. By the control of the number of Rx data units, the communication system controls the number of parallel-communication data units to be equal to a maximum value capable of being implemented by the MIMO-SDMA wireless data communication. The AP informs the UTs of a coefficient matrix required for the SDMA Rx process, prior to transmitting actual data.

Abstract: A redundancy control method is disclosed that controls a first redundancy function that switches between a working line and a protection line in response to a detection of a line error and a second redundancy function that performs a path switching in response to a detection of a path error in a ring network operating at a path rate lower than a line rate thereof. The method comprises a step of masking the path error detection within a period from a time of the detection of the line error to an expected time of the detection of the path error.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system, method and apparatus for managing a wireless network in conjunction with an Ethernet switch comprising at least one SIP-aware application, an SIP-aware Access Port, and an SIP-aware management device for managing wireless network signals by providing out-of-band SIP signals to the SIP-aware Access Port. The device may comprise a program for load balancing SIP-aware applications and/or a port for monitoring all traffic across all ports. The invention provides for detection of rogue access ports, for the monitoring of RF link quality, Access Port availability and metrics for Quality of Service.

Abstract: A data transmission method and apparatus in a communication system to avoid data buffer overrun by using a smaller data buffer. The communication system includes an AP (access point) and a host device connected to a wireless device with a USB interface circuit. The wireless device includes a data buffer for receiving data from the AP. The data rate between the AP and the wireless device decreases or increases based on a utilization of the data buffer to avoid errors.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved methods and devices for managing network congestion. Preferred implementations of the invention allow congestion to be pushed from congestion points in the core of a network to reaction points, which may be edge devices, host devices or components thereof. Preferably, rate limiters shape individual flows of the reaction points that are causing congestion. Parameters of these rate limiters are preferably tuned based on feedback from congestion points, e.g., in the form of backward congestion notification (“BCN”) messages. In some implementations, such BCN messages include congestion change information and at least one instantaneous measure of congestion. The instantaneous measure(s) of congestion may be relative to a threshold of a particular queue and/or relative to a threshold of a buffer that includes a plurality of queues.

Abstract: A network component for classifying at least one IP flow for efficient quality of service realization in a network, where in one embodiment the network component includes a unit for detecting at least one IP flow from at least one IP packet. Upon detection of the at least one IP flow, the unit obtains predefined information from the at least one IP packet to determine a quality of service requirement that is associated with the at least one IP packet. The unit creates at least one other IP flow by multiplexing a plurality of IP packets with the same quality of service requirement into the other IP flow or demultiplexing the plurality of IP packets with different quality of service requirements into other IP flows, each of the other IP flows having a different quality of service requirement.

Abstract: A method and system for transmitting packets in a packet switching network. Packets received by a packet processor may be prioritized based on the urgency to process them. Packets that are urgent to be processed may be referred to as real-time packets. Packets that are not urgent to be processed may be referred to as non-real-time packets. Real-time packets have a higher priority to be processed than non-real-time packets. A real-time packet may either be discarded or transmitted into a real-time queue based upon its value priority, the minimum and maximum rates for that value priority and the current real-time queue congestion conditions. A non-real-time packet may either be discarded or transmitted into a non-real-time queue based upon its value priority, the minimum and maximum rates for that value priority and the current real-time and non-real-time queue congestion conditions.

Abstract: Systems and methods of storing a message directed to a user and delivering the message from a network server to a user's client device provide for receiving the message and storing the message to an access-restricted user-specific message storage area. When an access request from an application program executing on the user's client device is received via a packet switched network in accordance with an Internet protocol, a determination is made whether to grant or deny the access request. If the request is granted, a link is provided to the user, wherein selection of the link causes the message to be transmitted to the application program via the packet switched network in accordance with the Internet protocol.

Abstract: The present invention comprises method and an apparatus for finding a path for routing a call from a source-node (SN) to a destination-node (DN) through a communication network. According to the invention the source-node (SN) generates a random-number and depending on the generated random-number at least one path between the source-node (SN) and the destination-node (DN) will be selected from the source-node (SN).

Abstract: A Session Admission Control (SAC) for negotiating admission control in a multi-services communications network including multicast services is described. The module distributes the admission process between a centralized decision function (SAC-PDP) and a distributed decision function (SAC-M) in a fashion that solves admission control scaling problems. The mechanism for interaction between the SAC-PDP and SAC-M is defined. Mechanisms are defined for the SAC-PDP to discover or learn the network capacity against which the admission control decisions will be made. Systems are also described for incorporating SAC-M in multicast replication points in the network, allowing multicast replication points to participate in the admission control process.

Abstract: A technique is disclosed that evaluates a network path between (i) a first node in a first subnetwork of endpoint nodes, such as IP phones, and (ii) a second node in a second subnetwork. A “ricochet” node in the network path evaluates the path by probing one or both subnetworks, where the ricochet node acts as relay for traffic packets being transmitted between the two subnetworks. A given relay has only to probe a single, representative node within a subnetwork at any given time in order to obtain performance data that is representative of the subnetwork overall. By probing the representative node, the relay is able to acquire an assessment of network conditions that is valid for the path between the relay and any endpoint in the subnetwork. As a result, the disclosed technique reduces the probing overhead when many endpoint nodes on a given subnetwork are simultaneously active and experiencing adverse network conditions.

Abstract: In a network having nodes, N nodes are members of a virtual communications ring for multicast communication among the N nodes, each of the N nodes being associated with only an upstream and a downstream one of the other N nodes. One of the N nodes manages changes in ring membership, including requesting the others of the N nodes to participate in measuring distances to a N+1th, node responsive to receiving an insertion request message. The manager node inserts the N+1th node in the communications ring responsive to receiving replies, which includes inserting the N+1th node in a selected location between two selected ones of the N nodes, such that the N nodes and the N+1th node are enabled to multicast messages around the ring. Due to the selected location of the N+1th node, communication distances for muticasted messages tend to be shorter than such distances that would otherwise occur.

Abstract: A method and system for determining the bit-rate between a wireless station and one or more access points that takes into account the usage (congestion) of the access points. Each wireless station includes software and/or hardware for estimating the bit-rate between the wireless station and any available access points and provides automatic load balancing for the wireless network. Dual estimator and backpressure algorithms are utilized to better estimate the achievable bit-rate available to a wireless station associated with an access point and to provide congestion sensitive access point selection. Bandwidth estimation is provided while taking into account congestion information for building up associations to access points while automatically achieving load balancing of the traffic among available access points.

Abstract: A system and method for negotiating speed of a stack link disposed between a stack port of a first stack switch element (SSE) and a stack port of a second SSE, wherein the first and second SSEs are immediate neighbors in a stackable Ethernet switch (SES). In one embodiment, appropriate logic and/or processing structures are provided with respective SSEs for automatically negotiating the stack link's speed during initialization of the SES, whereby the stack link's speed may be increased to a select bandwidth rate greater than a default rate upon determining that the stack ports of the first and second SSE are capable of supporting the select bandwidth rate.

Abstract: A technique for performing Real-time Monitoring (RTM) of performance management data related to SONET data, SDH data, WDM data, Ethernet data and video data transmitted over a telecommunications network is provided. RTM allows the collection of performance management data at a rate that is sufficient to provide meaningful information for trouble shooting, optimizing, and determining the performance of telecommunication networks managed by a Network Management System, such as a SONET network, a WDM network and a SDH network. Performance management data can be viewed as it is retrieved from network elements.

Abstract: A method of re-establishing a connection for a communication link is provided. The link has first and second portions, having the first portion in a first communication network, the second in a second communication network and an interface connecting first portion to the portion. The first communication network has a first communication protocol and a first OAM protocol to monitor integrity of the first portion. Similarly, the second communication network has a second communication protocol and a second OAM protocol. The method utilizes the second OAM protocol to detect a failure in the second portion. Upon detection of the failure, an alternate route for the second portion in the second communication network is identified, where the alternate route is able to complete the second portion of the communication link from the interface. For the communication link, at the interface the second portion is replaced with the alternate route.

Abstract: After a DS3 signal is terminated by the DS3 interface circuit, an ATM cell is extracted by an ATM cell extraction circuit from a signal input through a DS3 network after performing an ATM mapping process. The ATM cell is mapped in a SONET frame by an ATM cell/N.A. new synchronous SONET STS mapping unit, and is transmitted to a SONET. When an STS signal is input from the SONET, an STS frame is terminated in an STS demapping circuit. An ATM cell is extracted by an ATM cell extraction circuit, and is mapped in the DS3 signal and transmitted by an ATM cell/N.A. asynchronous DS3 mapping unit.