Abstract: An analog to digital converter including a plurality of multiple independent gate field effect transistors (MIGFET) that provide a plurality of digital output signals, is provided. Each MIGFET of the plurality of MIGFETs may have first gate for receiving an analog signal, a second gate for being biased, and a current electrode for providing a digital output signal from among the plurality of the digital output signals. Each MIGFET of the plurality of MIGFETs may have a combination of body width, channel length that is unique among the plurality of MIGFETs to result in a threshold voltage that is unique among the plurality of MIGFETs. A digital to analog converter including a plurality of MIGFETs is also provided.

Abstract: A circuit and method extends the analog input capability of a microcontroller by including an autonomous sequence control circuit that supplies input signal setting data and implements delay functions independent of the microcontroller central processing unit (CPU). The sequence controller supplies input signal selection commands to an input multiplexer, and analog signal processing commands to one or more analog signal processing circuits. After a predetermined settling time, the sequence control circuit then initiates an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to convert the select analog signal to digital data. The circuit and method extend the number of available external address bits and the maximum settling time of the ADC.

Abstract: A device (10) for use in the verification of handwriting, comprising: a body (12) having a surface (11) over which a writing instrument (8) is moved during the generation of a piece of handwriting; a transducer (14) for transducing stress-wave activity in the body (12) to an analogue time varying signal (15); and digitizing means (22) for converting the analogue time varying signal (15) into a digital signal (27, 31, 11), the digitizing means (22) comprising a sampler (22) arranged to under-sample the analogue time varying signal (15).

Abstract: A technique for correcting charge transfer inefficiencies in a Charge Coupled Device (CCD). The basic approach is to estimate the charge entering at a given stage in a CCD pipeline, and to then determine an estimate of the error introduced by the accumulated leftover charge that will be present at a second point, farther down the pipeline. The error is then corrected by injecting a correcting charge at a third point, farther still down the CCD pipeline. The invention is used, in one embodiment, to correct the output of a charge to digital converter, although principals of the invention may be used for other types of circuits.

Abstract: An antenna for directional electronic communication, a directional communication system, a method of conducting directional communication, a combat identification system and a method of identifying friendly forces. In one embodiment, the antenna includes: (1) a conductive shield having an opening at an end thereof and a radio frequency absorptive material located on an inner surface thereof, (2) a Luneberg lens located within the conductive shield and (3) a feed horn located proximate a portion of the Luneberg lens that is distal from the opening.

Abstract: In order to improve e.g. at a magnetostrictive position sensor the measurement precision and the robustness of the time measurement in spite of low installation size and cost, it is suggested according to the invention to generate a digital position impulse with defined time width from the analog position impulse so, that the middle of the digital impulse is located at the middle of the analog impulse and the time interval can be determined as time differential between the start impulse and the middle of the digital impulse.

Abstract: A radar sensor configured to control detonation of a munition is described that includes a radar transmitter comprising a radar transmit antenna, a radar receiver comprising a radar receive antenna, and a leakage cancellation unit. The leakage cancellation unit is configured to cancel effects of an antenna leakage signal transmitted by the radar transmit antenna and received by the radar receive antenna. To cancel the effects of the leakage signal, the leakage cancellation unit is configured to provide a signal to the radar receiver that is substantially out of phase with the leakage signal received by the radar receiver.

Abstract: A automotive radar device is provided that can securely detect dirt adhering to the surface of a vehicle-side radome irrespective of the positional relation between the vehicle-side radome and a radar. The automotive radar device has a radio-type radar housed in a vehicle-side radome installed on a vehicle, the radar-type radar including a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The automotive radar device sends and receives radio waves from the radar through the vehicle-side radome and measures distance and relative velocity with respect to a subject.

Abstract: A radar level gauge system for gauging the level of a filling material in a container is disclosed. The system comprises a waveguide extending towards the surface of said filling material; a transmitter for transmitting a microwave signal of a first mode of propagation in the waveguide; and a receiver for receiving the microwave signal reflected against the surface of the filling material and propagating back through the waveguide. Further, it comprises a processing circuitry for determining the filling level of the container based on the reflected microwave signal; and a transition element connecting the waveguide and the transmitter, wherein the transition element is configured to allow a part of the transmitted microwave signal to leak into a second mode of propagation.

Abstract: A system for testing radar in accordance with one embodiment comprising a target motion platform; a target motion platform controller for controlling motion of the platform; a radar responsive tag and a delay line located on the target motion platform; the radar which is being tested; and a motion measurement simulator for inputting data to the radar electronics assembly to simulate movement of the radar. In some embodiments the system further comprises a radar motion platform, wherein the radar electronics assembly is positioned on the radar motion platform; a radar motion platform controller for controlling the movement of the radar motion platform; and a master controller coupled to the radar motion platform controller and the target motion platform controller.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus controls the gate and drain power supplies at the rise time so that an output voltage of the gate power rises earlier than that of the drain power supply. Another power supply control apparatus controls the gate and drain power supplies at the fall time so that an output voltage of the gate power supply fails later than that of the drain power supply. Another power supply control apparatus turns off the drain supply of the FET among power supplies when it is detected by a voltage monitor whenever either of output voltages or the power supplies are not within said specified range.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for processing satellite signals from a first satellite navigation system and a second satellite navigation system is described. In one example, at least one first pseudorange between a satellite signal receiver and at least one satellite of the first satellite navigation system is measured. At least one second pseudorange between the satellite signal receiver and at least one satellite of the second satellite navigation system is measured. A difference between a first time reference frame of the first satellite navigation system and a second time reference frame of the second satellite navigation is obtained. The at least one first pseudoframe and the at least one second pseudorange are combined using the differences in time references.

Abstract: A positioning system is provided having a first signal source for originating synchronous signals, and a second signal source for originating a signal which is not synchronous with the signal from the first signal source. The system determines, based on a signal propagation time and signal propagation speed from the first or second signal source, the distance to this signal source so as to determine a position of a receiving point.

Abstract: A method and system for local computation of information to improve accuracy in a differential Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). The method comprising: determining a current location of a reference receiver; comparing the current location with at least one stored location; if a resultant of the comparing is less than a selected threshold, identifying as a reference location the at least one stored location, which is closest to the current location; otherwise establishing the current location as the reference location and storing the current location. The method also includes computing the information from signals from one or more GNSS satellites the based on the reference location; and transmitting the information for reception by one or more remote receivers.

Abstract: A method and system for providing integrity information from a spacecraft in a non-geostationary constellation of spacecraft. According to one aspect of the present invention, a terrestrial source is provided for generating and providing a position message to a spacecraft in the non-geostationary constellation. The position message causes the spacecraft to generate and provide a response message to the terrestrial source. The response message is processed in the terrestrial source to determine spacecraft position data. The spacecraft position data is then provided to the spacecraft and utilized by the spacecraft and other spacecraft in the constellation to provided integrity information to a navigational aid.

Abstract: A method for acquisition of a weak signal from a satellite in the presence of a strong interfering signal from another satellite is disclosed. The method encompasses identifying the auto-correlation peak due to the weak satellite signal from the cross correlation peaks due to the strong satellite signal. This invention presents a method and apparatus of acquiring a weak satellite signal in the presence of a strong interfering satellite signal in a receiver by two techniques, namely, the millisecond boundary correlation histogram method, and the frequency response correlation histogram method. Both the techniques distinguish between the correlation characteristics for auto-correlation and cross-correlation. The apparatus presented in the invention implements the methods of weak satellite signal acquisition in presence of a strong interfering satellite signal in a pseudorandom noise (PRN) receiver.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method for a combined use of a local positioning system, a local RTK system and a regional, wide-area, or global differential carrier-phase positioning system (WADGPS) in which disadvantages associated with the local positioning system, the RTK and the WADGPS navigation techniques when used separately are avoided. The method includes determining a first position of the object based on information from the WADGPS, and determining a second position of the object based on position information from a local positioning/RTK positioning system. Thereafter, position determined by the WADGPS and the position determined by the local positioning/RTK positioning system are compared.

Abstract: A method and system for reducing Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) carrier tracking loop ambiguities comprising: receiving a plurality of GNSS satellite signals with a first antenna in operable communication with a first tracking device and a second antenna in communication with a second tracking device in at least one GNSS receiver; and sharing of data between the first tracking device and the second tracking device. The sharing is configured to facilitate a commonality in a carrier phase derived in the first and second tracking devices. The sharing also results in a cancellation of the commonality when a difference phase is formed between a carrier phase from the first tracking device and a carrier phase from the second tracking device.

Abstract: An information appliance is provided, comprising means for reading a pre-recorded media; a keyboard; a screen; means for WLAN connectivity; a GPS receiver; and speakers and a amplifier. The appliance may be used to experience media, by selecting a radio frequency; accessing a record to determine an association with said radio frequency and a web page; and displaying said associated web page on said information appliance. The appliance may also be used to select a radio frequency, with a the GPS receiver, by determining, using the GPS receiver, the location of said listener; accessing a database to determine a plurality of radio stations available at said location; and presenting, for selection by said listener, on said information appliance, at least one of said available radio stations.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an antenna arrangement, comprising a regular array of electrically conducting antenna elements, arranged on a support, embodied and positioned to be displaced between a first position, in which an electrical contact to at least one adjacent antenna element is possible and a second position, with electrical isolation from the adjacent antenna element, a HF contact, for at least one of the antenna elements and a controller, for displacement of the antenna element between the first and second positions and for embodiment of a desired antenna structure.

Abstract: A multi-band antenna for multi-band radio frequency telecommunications. The multi-band antenna includes a conductive patch separated from a ground plane by a dielectric material. A slot pattern formed in the conductive patch defines a perimeter substantially surrounding two feed pins and arranged symmetrically about a center line. The slot pattern includes one or more inwardly extending arms projected along axes that pass between the two feed pins. The axes may be parallel to the center line. The slot pattern may be arranged using folded slots. In one embodiment, circular polarization is realized at GPS frequency by using one feed pin and linear or circular polarization is realized by using one or two feed pins for other bands. The feed pins may be controlled independently without a fixed phase and amplitude arrangement necessary to achieve a fixed polarization (linear, circular, or elliptical), which allows for adaptive pattern and polarization agility.

Abstract: A circular polarized antenna having an electrically conductive element having a generally annular outer portion and first and second inner members coupled to the outer portion. A ground shield is spaced from the element, the ground shield providing an effective ground plane. A dielectric material is positioned between the element and at least a portion of the ground shield.

Abstract: An antenna design is provided. In one embodiment, the antenna is a planar element with a radiating element containing an elliptical curved portion connected to two curved regions, the curved regions meeting at a geometric construct. Another embodiment provides an antenna constructed with intersecting planar elements. A third embodiment is an antenna that is a solid of revolution of a planar element. Some antenna embodiments include ground plane elements to shape the radiation patterns. This Abstract is provided for the sole purpose of complying with the Abstract requirement rules that allow a reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the disclosure contained herein. This Abstract is submitted with the explicit understanding that it will not be used to interpret or to limit the scope or the meaning of the claims.

Abstract: An RF antenna structure (e.g., a planar array) includes at least one radiation cell (and typically many, e.g., 16 or 32 or 64, etc.) having a conductive enclosure and an upper probe and a lower probe located at different heights within the enclosure. The enclosure between the upper probe and a bottom of the cell has at least two different cross-sectional areas. The upper and lower probes are preferably oriented at substantially 90° relative to each other. An upper portion of the enclosure beneath the upper probe may have a larger dimension than a lower portion such that the upper portion allows propagation of waves generated by the upper probe in a predetermined frequency band while the lower portion (e.g., above the lower probe) does not substantially allow propagation of waves generated by the upper probe, in the predetermined frequency band.

Abstract: A frequency modulating equipment (20) for being used in an antenna (10) for modulating frequency of the antenna (10) to achieve a desired operating frequency, comprises a slide block (30) attached to a radiating element (11) of the antenna (10) and being capable of moving freely and a plastic element (21). The slide block (30) comprises a contact portion (300) contacting a free end of the radiating element (11) of the antenna (10). The plastic element (21) is fixed onto the antenna (10). The slide block (30) is installed on the plastic element (21). The antenna (10) can achieve a desired operating frequency by moving the modulating befittingly the slide block (30).

Abstract: A system for receiving a signal is provided. The system includes an antenna, an amplifier, a transmission medium electrically connected between the antenna and the amplifier and an electrostatic discharge device electrically connected between the transmission line and the antenna.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for a multiband antenna (102) in a communication device (100). An apparatus that incorporates teachings of the present invention may include, for example, an antenna having a finite ground surface (201, 401), and an elongated conductor (206, 406) that is characterized by a length and is spaced from the finite ground surface. The elongated conductor has a first slot (208, 408) extending through a substantial portion of the length of the elongated conductor, and a second slot (210, 410) having a shorter length than the first slot. The antenna further has a grounding conductor (216, 416) coupling the finite ground surface to the elongated conductor, and a signal feed conductor (214, 414) coupling to the elongated conductor.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for selectively connecting one of an internal and an external antenna to an RF signal component of a wireless modem use a sensor mounted on the circuit board of the wireless modem. The sensor senses the presence of a connector of the external antenna, and issues a corresponding sensor output signal to a controller that controls a switch in order to alternatively connect one of the internal and external antennas to the RF signal component.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus having an antenna device. The electronic apparatus includes a housing, a circuit board, an antenna device and a feeding device. The circuit board is placed inside the housing. The antenna device disposed on a surface of the housing transmits and receives a wireless signal. The feeding device has one end electrically connected to the circuit board and the other end electrically connected to the antenna device.

Abstract: The antenna configuration presented is an integral component of a retrofit module designed to incorporate a data telemetry transceiver within the confines of a utility meter.

Abstract: A communication distance difference due to an attached object can be canceled, and an RFID system can be provided which has approximately the same communication distance regardless of an attached position (surface) of a tag. A tag antenna used for such the RFID system is for transmitting/receiving a radio signal to/from an RFID reader/writer in an RFID system has a pair of antenna elements centered on a feeding point and when a carrier wavelength of the radio signal is ?, each of the pair of the antenna elements includes a dipole portion which has a length from the feeding point of approximate ?/4 and a plurality of bending portions as well as a circular polarized wave generation portion linked to an end of the dipole portion.

Abstract: Contamination at the exciter of a parabolic antenna can lead to impaired signal quality, or even system downtime. A parabolic antenna is described which in addition to a parabolic reflector and an exciter has a rinsing device, which is configured so as to rinse and clean the exciter with rinsing agent or protect it from contaminants. Herein, the rinsing agent is injected, dropped, or else blown from a rinsing outlet in an outlet member at the parabolic reflector onto the exciter.

Abstract: A shielding device for preventing an antenna signal from interference is disclosed. The shielding device includes a grounding component and a shielding plate. The shielding plate is made of a conductive material. The shielding plate has a first portion and a second portion. The first portion is grounded through the grounding component. The second portion is placed between an antenna and a display controller, so that the shielding plate can prevent the antenna from being interfered by the frequency component of the display controller.

Abstract: A transceiver system having an RF front-end operatively connected to two separate non-50 ohm antennas for separately providing transmission/reception paths for 1 GHz band and for 2 GHz band. A switching module is operatively connected to each antenna for mode and frequency-range selection within each band. Each switching module has a plurality of switching elements connected to a plurality of signal paths. Matching is separately and independently provided for each signal path. The matching can be achieved by using distributed elements or lumped elements arranged in shunt or series in order to widen the bandwidth. An electrostatic discharge protection circuit is provided between the antenna feed point and the switching module. The protective circuit can also be used as a discrete matching network that can be optimized depending on the phone mechanics and dimensions.

Abstract: A compact antenna for use in a device for controlling the power delivered to an electric load and operable to transmit or receive radio frequency signals at a specified frequency is presented. The antenna comprises a first loop of conductive material having a capacitance and an inductance forming a circuit being resonant at the specified frequency, and a second loop of conductive material having two ends adapted to be electrically coupled to an electronic circuit. The second loop is substantially only magnetically coupled to the first loop and is electrically isolated from the first loop. In a first embodiment of the antenna, the first and second loops are formed on respective first and second printed circuit boards, which allow for a small, low-cost antenna that is easy to manufacture and maximizes efficiency. When the antenna is installed in a load control device, such as a dimmer, the first loop of the antenna is mounted on an outer surface of the device.

Abstract: An attaching device for attaching an antenna member to a coupling member of an electric facility includes a housing having a projection extended from one end for coupling to the antenna member, and another end for attaching to the electric facility, a casing is engaged into the housing and includes one end secured to the housing, and the other end for attaching to the coupling member of the electric facility, and a coupler is received in the casing and includes a conductive member engaged in a receptacle for electrically coupling to the coupling member of the electric facility and the antenna member, and for allowing the antenna member to be easily coupled to the coupling member of the electric facility.

Abstract: An apparatus and methods for operating a frequency selective surface are disclosed. The apparatus can be tuned to an on/off state or transmit/reflect electromagnetic energy in any frequency. The methods disclosed teach how to tune the frequency selective surface to an on/off state or transmit/reflect electromagnetic energy in any frequency.

Abstract: A display apparatus used in a hand-held device is provided. The display apparatus includes a primary display, a secondary display, a plurality of input devices, and a processing unit. The primary display is a non-volatile display, and the secondary display is a volatile display. The input devices are for operational inputs. The input devices include a first input device and a second input device. The first input device is for updating a detailed view information displayed on the primary display, and the second input device is for confirming operational inputs on the input devices. The processing unit displays a preview information on the secondary display in response to the operational input of the first input device, and updates the primary display with the detailed view information corresponding the preview information in response to the operational input of the second input device. A related method is also provided.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method of displaying multimedia data and providing multitasking features and a mobile communications terminal capable of implementing the same; and cradle for the mobile communications terminal. A mobile communications terminal includes a transceiver, a memory, a first display unit, a second display unit, a processor, a sensor to detect a rotational movement of a body, and a cradle for displaying multimedia contents is provided. The display unit can display the multimedia data in a fixed viewing angle regardless of which direction a user rotates the terminal.

Abstract: An electron gun used with a multi-media monitor with a low cathode voltage and improved focusing performance. The electron gun, which includes a cathode, a control electrode, a screen electrode, and a plurality of focusing electrodes to focus and accelerate an electron beam, is designed to satisfy the condition that a value of ? is greater than or equal to 0.222 or a value of k is greater than or equal to 0.11, where ?=T1/D, k=T1/L, T1 denotes a thickness of the control electrode, D denotes a diameter of an electron beam aperture of the control electrode, and L denotes the distance between a beam-entering surface of the control electrode and a beam-emitting surface of the screen electrode.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the optical display of n switching states of a switching device or sensor, with a plurality of differently coloured lighting devices for the optical display of the information to be transmitted and each lighting device has at least one lighting element. The device is characterized in that for receiving the lighting elements a transparent casing part is provided, that for avoiding optical crosstalk, particularly in the case of simultaneously active lighting elements, the transparent casing part is subdivided into segments by optical interfaces and in which the lighting elements are received, and that the transparent casing part with the segments and lighting devices is so constructed and positioned that the lighting devices are visible to a user from any azimuth angle within a polar angle range.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for concealing a mark in a number including the following steps: separating a number into seven segments, concealing at least a mark in at least a segment of the number, and displaying the number in a display device. Besides, the present invention provides a device for concealing at least a mark in the number displayed.

Abstract: A plasma display device to reduce noise generated from heat sinks. A chassis base is attached to a surface of a plasma display panel. A printed circuit board assembly is mounted to the chassis base at a side opposite to the plasma display panel and connected to the plasma display panel. The print circuit board assembly includes one or more circuit elements. A heat sink having a plurality of fins is attached to the one or more circuit elements. A fixing member connects and fixes free ends of the plurality of fins to one another.

Abstract: A plasma display apparatus is disclosed. The plasma display apparatus includes a plurality of scan electrodes, a plurality of sustain electrodes, a plurality of data electrodes, a scan driver, and a data driver. The scan driver supplies scan signals to the plurality of scan electrodes using one scan type selected from a plurality of scan types, each scan type having a different order of supplying the scan signals, during an address period. The data driver supplies a data signal to the plurality of data electrodes in response to the selected scan type. The width of the data electrode at a first location is different from the width of the data electrode at a second location.

Abstract: A plasma display apparatus and a method of driving the same are disclosed. In the plasma display apparatus, a relative time ratio of one of a reset period, an address period or a sustain period of an r-th subfield of each of a p-th frame and a q-th frame is substantially equal to each other at a reference time point of the r-th subfield of each of the p-th frame and the q-th frame. The relative time ratio is the ratio of a duration of a portion of one period of a reset period, an address period or a sustain period in one subfield to a total duration of one period. The duration of the portion ranges from a start time point of one period to the reference time point.

Abstract: A method of driving a plasma display apparatus is provided. When the plasma display apparatus is driven by dividing a frame into a plurality of subfield groups including one or more subfields, a portion of all scan electrodes is scanned during an address period of at least one subfield of the plurality of subfield groups.

Abstract: A plasma display device is driven by dividing a plurality of row electrodes into first and second row groups. A first row group of electrodes are dividedinto a plurality of first sub-groups, and a second row group of row electrodes are divided into a plurality of second sub-groups. During a first subfield of a first group of subfields, non-light emitting cells are selected from light emitting cells of a first sub-groups and light emitting cells of a second sub-groups are sustain-discharged during a first period. In addition, during the first subfield, the non-light emitting cells are selected from the second sub-group, and the light emitting cells of a first sub-group are sustain-discharged during a second period. With such an operation, a length of one subfield can be reduced because another row group is sustain-discharged while one row group is being selected as the non-emitting cells.

Abstract: A plasma display has a first power recovery unit including a first inductor having a first end coupled to a second electrode and a second power recovery unit including a second inductor having a first end coupled to the second electrode, the second inductor having an inductance different from that of the first inductor and alternately supplying a second voltage that is greater than a first voltage and a third voltage that is less than the first voltage to the second electrode, while the first voltage is supplied to the first electrode, during a sustain period. A first path between the first inductor and second electrode has a different length from that of a second path between the second inductor and the second electrode, and an inductor on a longer path among the first and second paths has a smaller inductance than that of an inductor on a shorter path among the first and second paths.

Abstract: An energy recovery circuit for a display panel, which can normally operate at its initial operation stage, and a driving apparatus with the same includes, an energy storage unit, an energy recovery switching unit, an inductor, and a charge power supply unit. The energy storage unit recovers an electric charge from the panel capacitor and charging the panel capacitor with electric charge. The energy recovery switching unit controls charging of the electric charge to the panel capacitor from the energy storage unit and recovery of the electric charge from the panel capacitor to the energy storage unit. The inductor has one end connected to the energy recovery switching unit and the other end connected to the panel capacitor. The charge power supply unit supplies power to the energy storage unit.

Abstract: A plasma display device and a driving method thereof are provided. A sustain pulse is applied to a scan electrode while biasing a sustain electrode at a predetermined voltage during a sustain period. A first sustain pulse having a first magnitude of voltage is applied at lease once to the scan electrode during a first part of the sustain period, and a second sustain pulse and a third sustain pulse are alternately applied to the scan electrode during a second part of the sustain period. The second sustain pulse has a voltage of a second magnitude that is smaller than the first magnitude, and the third sustain pulse has a voltage of a third magnitude that is larger than the second magnitude.