Abstract: A novel apparatus for and method of acquisition and tracking bank cooperation in a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) within an all digital phase locked loop (ADPLL). The acquisition bits of the acquisition bank are used as an extension of the modulation range. The PLL and TX tuning data are broken up (i.e. apportioned) into acquisition components and tracking components. This permits the use of two different capacitor banks (i.e. the tracking and acquisition banks) for modulation rather than just a single capacitor bank as in the prior art schemes. Incorporating the tracking and acquisition bit varactors, the cooperation scheme of the present invention permits the re-centering of the tracking bank to handle natural frequency drift of the DCO and the widening of the modulation range.

Abstract: A novel gear shifting mechanism operative to adjust the loop gain of a phase locked loop (PLL) circuit in a continuous and reversible manner. The loop gain can be increased to widen the bandwidth of the loop and can also be decreased to narrow the loop bandwidth. The mechanism incorporates an ? gear shift circuit, a p gear shift circuit and an optional IIR gear shift circuit. The ? gear shift circuit comprises a infinite impulse response (IIR) filtering which enables hitless operation of the PLL loop at the occurrence of gear shift events. The ? gear shift circuit comprises an accumulator whose output is multiplied by the gain value ?. The invention enables multiple gear shifts in either positive or negative direction to be achieved by configuring the loop gain variables ? and ? which may be accomplished in software.

Abstract: A novel mechanism for gain normalization of a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) in an all digital phase locked loop (ADPLL)-based transmitter that is operative to split the gain normalization multiplication functionality between a modulating path and a PLL loop. The gain normalization of the modulation loop (referred to as modulation path multiplier) comprises a full bit resolution high precision multiplication function. The gain normalization of the PLL loop, on the other hand, is of significantly lower resolution, hence much lower complexity multiplier logic circuitry is required.

Abstract: A VCO has a plurality of MIGFETs coupled to provide phase adjustment in response to receiving digital phase adjustment control signals. The VCO includes a ring oscillator implemented as a plurality of serially coupled inverters. A phase adjustment circuit is coupled to the output of each inverter. The phase adjustment circuit of each stage comprises a predetermined number of MIGFETs. In one embodiment, half of the MIGFETs are used to speed-up the phase/frequency of the OUTPUT signal a predetermined amount in response to receiving speed-up control signals. The other half of the MIGFETs are used to slow-down the phase/frequency of the OUTPUT signal a predetermined amount in response to the receiving slow-down control signals. The VCO requires relatively less surface area, is simple, and is easy to implement.

Abstract: A flexible capacitive coupler assembly includes a flexible dielectric substrate assembly having a front surface and a rear surface, the front surface having thereon a macroscopic metal capacitive pad. A package supports the flexible dielectric substrate. An electrical connection is made to package wiring or leads on the flexible dielectric substrate to establish electrical contact with a computer subsystem.

Abstract: Provided is a broadband microstrip-waveguide transition apparatus operating in a millimeter waveband. The millimeter-wave band broadband microstrip-waveguide transition apparatus includes a slot for transferring an electromagnetic signal propagating along a microstrip line, a main patch positioned between the slot and a waveguide and resonating from the signal transferred from the slot, and a parasitic patch positioned between the main patch and the waveguide and resonating together with the main patch. According to the millimeter-wave band broadband microstrip-waveguide transition apparatus, it is possible to transfer a signal from the microstrip line to the waveguide, and to increase a resonance bandwidth to a broadband level.

Abstract: In an electronic high-frequency switch, comprising a field-effect transistor as the switching element, the size of the gate voltage may be switched between at least two values (?5.5 V and ?8 V), according to the desired linearity or switching speed. The switching device for the gate voltage is preferably coupled to a correction device in which different correcting values for the different gate voltage values corresponding to different correcting values for transmission or reflection by the high frequency switch are stored.

Abstract: A dielectric device includes a dielectric substrate, a plurality of resonator units, and first and second terminals. The dielectric substrate has an external conductor film thereon. Each of the resonator units has a hole and an internal conductor provided inside the hole and connecting with the external conductor film. The first terminal is provided on the dielectric substrate and electrically coupled with at least one of the resonator units. The second terminal is provided on the dielectric substrate and electrically coupled with at least another of the resonator units. An intermediate conductor film, which is a part of the external conductor film, is provided between the first and second terminals. The intermediate conductor film has an insulating film thereon.

Abstract: A boundary acoustic wave filter includes a first medium layer, a second medium layer laminated on the first medium layer, and IDT electrodes that are disposed at the boundary between the first and second medium layers and that define an electroacoustic transducer. In the boundary acoustic wave filter, the sound velocity of boundary acoustic waves, which is the product of the wavelength determined by the period of the electrodes and the frequency at least the lower end of the stopband disposed at the high-frequency side of the passband, is less than the sound velocity of slow transverse waves propagating through the first medium layer and the second medium layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is methodology and apparatus for producing an asymmetrical filter for use with implantable medical devices, and in other input filtering environments. Differing forward and reverse characteristic responses are provided by inserting a low value resistor in series with heart connecting leads so that EMI input protection may be provided without significantly reducing energy transfer from the protected device. Improved protection against voltage transients is provided with present arrangements of differentiated series impedance. Higher frequency energy is allowed out of a subject device than is allowed into such device, which allows for attenuation of undesired frequency ranges entering the filter while allowing output pulses to exit without distortion.

Abstract: Embodiments of the acoustic galvanic isolator comprise a carrier signal source, a modulator connected to receive an information signal and the carrier signal, a demodulator, and, connected between the modulator and the demodulator, an electrically-isolating acoustic coupler comprising an electrically-isolating film acoustically-coupled transformer (FACT).

Abstract: Embodiments of the acoustic galvanic isolator comprise a carrier signal source, a modulator connected to receive an information signal and the carrier signal, a demodulator, and an electrically-isolating acoustic coupler connected between the modulator and the demodulator. In an exemplary embodiment, the electrically-isolating acoustic coupler comprises film bulk acoustic resonators (FBARs). An electrically-isolating acoustic coupler is physically small and is inexpensive to fabricate yet is capable of passing information signals having data rates in excess of 100 Mbit/s and has a substantial breakdown voltage between its inputs and its outputs.

Abstract: An acoustic resonator according to the present invention includes a substrate 105, a support section 104 provided on the substrate 105, a lower electrode 103 provided on the support section 104, a piezoelectric body 101 provided on the lower electrode 103, and an upper electrode 102 provided on the piezoelectric body 101. The lower electrode 103, the piezoelectric body 101 and the upper electrode 102 form a vibration section 107. The support section 104 for supporting the vibration section 107 is shaped such that at least one portion of a vertical cross-section thereof has a curvature.

Abstract: A coil arrangement for a magnetic resonance apparatus has a number of coil elements that are capable of being operated independently of one another and are situated around a common central area. Each coil element of the coil arrangement is capacitively or inductively decoupled from the coil elements of the coil arrangement that are immediately adjacent to this coil element. In the central area, there is situated a capacitor network that connects the coil elements of the coil arrangement to one another. The capacitor network is fashioned and dimensioned such that it at least reduces the coupling of each coil element of the coil arrangement to at least one additional coil element of the coil arrangement that is not immediately adjacent to the respective coil element.

Abstract: Conventionally, waveguide terminals formed in a plurality of dielectric substrates are joined together by mounting the dielectric substrates on carriers and fastening them to a waveguide adapter with screws. In the present invention, to reduce cost and improve machinability, a plurality of solders 7 are disposed around the waveguide terminal 2b formed in one dielectric substrate 1b, and the other dielectric substrate 1a having the waveguide terminal 2a is placed across the solders 7 to thereby connect the waveguide terminals by soldering.

Abstract: Conventionally, waveguide terminals formed in a plurality of dielectric substrates are joined together by mounting the dielectric substrates on carriers and fastening them to a waveguide adapter with screws. In the present invention, to reduce cost and improve machinability, a plurality of solders 7 are disposed around the waveguide terminal 2b formed in one dielectric substrate 1b, and the other dielectric substrate 1a having the waveguide terminal 2a is placed across the solders 7 to thereby connect the waveguide terminals by soldering.

Abstract: A moving arm for a moving contact assembly in a telecommunication system circuit breaker is provided. The circuit breaker has a housing assembly, an operating mechanism, a trip device, and a current path assembly. The current path assembly includes a line conductor assembly having a fixed contact. The operating mechanism is constructed to move between an on position, a tripped position, an off position and a reset position. The moving arm assembly also includes a movable contact structured to be disposed on the moving arm. The moving arm has an elongated body with an offset disposed at one end. The offset is structured to displace the movable contact relative to the longitudinal axis of the moving arm body.

Abstract: A non-contact auxiliary switch for a circuit breaker includes a target having first and second positions corresponding to open and closed positions of separable contacts. A non-contact sensor is responsive to the first and second positions of the target to generate first and second output signals. A movable slider member carries the target and is structured to slide within a holder inside the housing of the circuit breaker and to be coupled to and moved by an operating mechanism responsive to the open and closed positions of the separable contacts. This effects one of the first and second positions of the target when the separable contacts are closed and the other of the first and second positions of the target when the separable contacts are open.

Abstract: A side plate structured to support an intermediate latch for a telecommunication system circuit breaker is provided. The intermediate latch has at least one keyed hub. The keyed hub has a circular portion and a radial extension. The side plate has a generally flat body with a plurality of openings including a keyed opening structured to support the intermediate latch. The keyed opening has a circular portion and a circumferential slot with at least one stop cam structured to arrest the rotation of an intermediate latch keyed hub disposed therein.

Abstract: A trip lever for a shared tripping device, wherein the shared tripping device is structured to operatively couple at least two circuit breakers, a primary circuit breaker and a secondary circuit breaker, the trip lever having an elongated trip lever body with a mounting end and a distal end. The trip lever body mounting end pivotally is coupled to a cage in the primary circuit breaker and engages a trip bar in the secondary circuit breaker. The trip lever body distal end is disposed in a path of travel of an inter-phase link body distal end within the primary circuit breaker. The trip lever body distal end is structured to be engaged by the inter-phase link body distal end as the inter-phase link body distal end moves along the path of travel and the trip lever is structured to actutate the secondary circuit breaker trip bar when the trip lever is engaged by the inter-phase link body distal end.

Abstract: An inter-phase link for a shared tripping device, wherein the shared tripping device is structured to operatively couple at least two circuit breakers, and the inter-phase link has an elongated body with a mounting end and a distal end. The inter-phase link body mounting end is structured to be coupled to the primary circuit breaker operating mechanism and the inter-phase link body distal end is structured to extend through a primary circuit breaker housing assembly shaped opening and a secondary circuit breaker housing assembly shaped opening to engage the secondary circuit breaker trip device.

Abstract: A handle assembly is provided for a circuit breaker which includes a housing assembly that defines a substantially enclosed space housing an operating mechanism. The handle assembly is preferably a single-piece and includes a base member which is coupled to the operating mechanism, and a handle member having a first end which protrudes from an opening of the housing assembly, and a second end coupled to the base member. The base member includes first and second integral resilient legs which are disposed within the opening and are supported by posts protruding from the housing assembly, in order to resist undesired access into the substantially enclosed space therein. The first and second integral resilient legs each include a groove which increases the resiliency of the leg. The handle assembly is preferably symmetric about the longitudinal axis of the handle member.

Abstract: An operating mechanism for a circuit breaker includes a cradle having a generally planar body with a first link opening, at least one first link having an elongated body with a cradle opening, and a toggle rivet having a bushing component and a stake component. The bushing component has a hollow, generally cylindrical body with a first end and a second end, the first end having a radial flange extending outwardly. The stake component has an elongated body with a first end and a second end, the first end having a generally flat head and the second end having a distal tip. When assembled, the bushing component extends through the cradle body first link opening and the first link body cradle opening from a first direction, the stake component extends through the cradle body first link opening and the first link body cradle opening from a second direction, the stake component also extending through the hollow bushing component.

Abstract: A sintered plunger is used for electromagnetic actuators. The sintered member includes: an outer member composed of a soft magnetic material and having an inner hole formed therein, and a shaft having an end portion which is fitted into the outer member. The shaft is composed of a ferromagnetic steel, the outer member peripheral is composed of a sintered member, and the shaft and the outer member are integrally bonded by sintering. As a result, the overall sintered plunger can have good magnetic properties, a good magnetic attraction, a good wear resistance, and a good fatigue strength. Electromagnetic actuators having high responsiveness required in recent years can be produced.

Abstract: A magnetic tool for retrieving metal objects from a wellbore has a plurality of magnet assemblies spaced longitudinally along a tool body. Each magnet assembly has a plurality of magnet members covering a majority surface area of the tool body. Each magnet member has a magnet body and a shield encasing the magnet body and protecting the individual magnet body from striking force created by the attracted metal particles. The shield is preferably made from a non-ferrous material and allows concentration of the magnetic force away from the tool body and into the casing annulus.

Abstract: A fob for a remote keyless entry system includes a printed circuit board (PCB) located within a housing. The PCB includes a surface on which circuitry is printed and components are mounted. A coil is mounted to the surface and provides an antenna for the fob. The coil includes a frame spaced apart from the PCB to provide room for other components on the PCB. Coil mounts extend from the frame and are received by the PCB at coil mount locations. The coil mounts contact the surface of the PCB to form an electrical connection.

Abstract: An inductor that can be mounted on a flexible substrate and which also can be used in large-current signal lines or power lines. The inductor has a film-type coil formed by providing, in order, a heat-resistant resin film, a flexible conductor coil and insulation layer for covering the conductor coil. A compound magnet that combines magnetic powder and resin is disposed on one or both sides of the film-type coil, with the heat-resistant resin film, the insulation layer and the compound magnetic body being at least flexible.

Abstract: An inductor is provided which includes a plurality of via holes vertically passing through a substrate, the substrate having insulating properties, vertical conductive portions filling the via holes, and horizontal conductive portions connecting each individual vertical conductive portions at the top and the bottom of the substrate to form a single coil structure with the vertical conductive portions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a spiral inductor formed on a semiconductor substrate. The spiral inductor comprises: a metal line forming a spiral pattern on a substrate using conductors having different widths and having open or short-type stubs at one side of each of the conductors; and switching means connection-controlled in accordance with a selection signal for adjusting an inductance and selectively connecting the conductors of the different widths of the metal line. According to the invention, the open or short-type stubs may be formed at one sides of each of the conductors, thereby inducing a parasitic capacitance or parasitic inductance. Based on the inducement of the parasitic capacitance or inductance and selectively connection of the conductors to one another through switching means, it is possible to accurately control a whole inductance value of the spiral inductor, depending on use purposes.

Abstract: A QQ-type spirakore is made by winding a silicon steel strip or a non-crystal magnetic strip into an inner ring egg-shape spirakore embryo, and then cutting a middle section of the egg-shape spirakore embryo into two symmetric assembling bocks, so as to fix the two assembling blocks into a coil structure of a power factor corrector in a butted way. In addition to largely reduce a waste of material, the film-like QQ-type spirakore structure can also effectively reduce ill products. The magnetic crystal generated is a non-orientation structure, and the egg-shape spirakore is a structure without angles, which facilitate a guidance of air flow and a reduction to an unusual tone and low frequency ripple interference.

Abstract: A thermally actuated device, such as an electrical circuit breaker (10) is provided with an ambient temperature compensation thermostat metal member (38) selected so that it bends when subjected to changes in temperature and compensates for ambient temperature effects on a thermostat metal trip arm for a selected current rating. Movement of such thermostat metal member is directly proportional to the flexivity of the material and to the square of the length of the member and indirectly proportional to the thickness of the member. Since packaging constraints make changes in length impractical, compensation members used to provide temperature compensation for different current ratings of the device typically have been made by using members of different thickness.

Abstract: A heavy current coupling that includes an electrically conductive elastic fastening and fuse element supported by the housing. The fastening and fuse element is configured to electrically connect first and second contacts, with the first and second contacts being spaced from one another. Wherein the fastening and fuse element burns through when a predetermined maximum current is exceeded, thereby interrupting the electrical connection between the first and second contacts.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate and a ladder resistor formed on the semiconductor substrate. The ladder resistor includes a plurality of elongated resistor portions arranged in parallel with each other, a plurality of connection portions that connect the resistor portions at predetermined intervals in a longitudinal direction of the resistor portions, and a plurality of voltage extraction portions provided in order to extract voltages at the individual connection portions.

Abstract: The present invention includes an apparatus including a thin film resistor. The thin film resistor includes a resistive component, a body, and a reactant. The resistive component includes a nickel-composite material. The body has a predetermined, sturdy shape. The body carries the resistive component. The reactant manipulates the body to enable the resistive component to adhere to the body.

Abstract: A lock interface for a biometric lock is provided. The lock interface includes a body, a biometric sensor, and a biometric alignment feature. The biometric sensor is mounted to the body for reading a unique identifying characteristic of an individual. The alignment feature is associated with the sensor to assist a user in properly positioning the unique identifying characteristic with respect to the sensor. The present invention also includes a method for unlocking a safe using a biometric lock. The method comprises initiating the biometric lock by contacting the lock interface, recognizing a visual cue that indicates that a unique identifying characteristic is to be entered using the sensor, and entering the unique identifying characteristic feature using the sensor. The entered unique identifying characteristic is compared with a stored unique identifying characteristic, and the safe is unlocked if the unique identifying characteristic matches the stored unique identifying characteristic.

Abstract: A system and method for remotely controlling a function. A range-limited function is performed when a wireless control signal is indicative of a range-limited function and an elapsed time value exceeds a threshold value.

Abstract: The portable device includes a control part for authenticating with an on-vehicle keyless control device by communication therewith to lock/unlock a door, a receiving part for receiving a radio signal from the control device, a transmitting part for outputting a response signal to the control device, a sender judging part for judging whether the radio signal comes from an interior transmitting antenna of the motor vehicle or from an exterior transmitting antenna thereof, and an output control part for changing an output power of the transmitting part based on a judgment result of the judging part so that the output power is decreased when the judging part judges the radio signal to come from the interior transmitting antenna, relative to an output power outputted when the judgment part judges the radio signal to come from the exterior transmitting antenna.

Abstract: A system and method for remotely controlling a function. The system includes a transmitter and a receiver control circuit having a plurality of antennas. The transmitter transmits a wireless control signal having first and second signal portions. An antenna is selected based on the first signal portion. A function is performed when the second signal portion is received by the selected antenna and successfully decoded.

Abstract: A method of communicating an activation alert to an electronic system comprises receiving an input signal, evaluating the validity of the input signal, communicating an activation alert signal to a computer module at least partially simultaneously with the evaluation of the input signal in response to a predefined prompt, and communicating a validated output signal to the computer module for controlling the electronic system. In one example, the activation alert signal is communicated to the computer module in response to a confidence level percentage of at least 80%. In yet another example, the electronic system comprises a passive entry and starting (PASE) system which unlocks a vehicle door in response to the receipt of a validated output signal by the computer module.

Abstract: A service providing method includes the steps of: a) providing a correspondence between a tag and personal information; and b) providing a service to a person concerning the personal information, for which the correspondence with the tag is provided in the step a), wherein: the step a) comprises the step of registering identification information of an information processing apparatus which the person possesses as the personal information together with identification information of the tag.

Abstract: A reader/writer (R/W) transmits a query command ALL (A), which causes RFID tags (A) with a communication method (A) to respond at a time, to N RFID tags (A) with the communication method (A) and X RFID tags (C) with a communication method (C). In this case, since R/W receives responses from N RFID tags (A), it can recognize presence of the RFID tags with a communication method (A) from its reception level or the like. Next, R/W transmits a query command ALL (B) which causes RFID tags (B) with a communication method (B) to respond at a time. In this case, since R/W receives no response, it can recognize that no RFID tag with the communication method (B) is present rapidly. In an RFID system, therefore, a communication time between RFID tags and an RFID reader/writer can be reduced.

Abstract: In order to improve security by limiting visitors authorized to enter, a visitor reception system includes an outdoor unit and a communication terminal capable of communicating with the outdoor unit. The outdoor unit includes a short-range communication portion to communicate with a mobile phone, a communication I/F to communicate with the communication terminal, and a control portion to obtain a telephone number from a mobile phone through the short-range communication portion and transmit the obtained telephone number to the communication terminal through the communication I/F. The communication terminal includes an EEPROM to store a telephone number, a first communication I/F to communicate with the outdoor unit, and a control portion to receive the telephone number of a mobile phone from the outdoor unit through the first communication I/F and give notification of a visitor on condition that the received telephone number is stored in EEPROM.

Abstract: A data exchange system for exchanging data with a host device, comprising at least one button assembly and a dock assembly. The at least one button assembly comprises an encoder, a button coil, and a switch, where closing the switch forms an antenna circuit. The dock assembly comprising a controller, at least one dock coil, a decoder, and at least one interface. The controller causes the decoder to obtain data from the encoder through the button coil and the dock coil when the switch is closed. The controller further transfers the data to the at least one interface. The at least one interface transfers the data to the host device.

Abstract: Radio frequency (RF) power is sent out by a base station to radio frequency identification transponders (RFID tags) for a first time at a first frequency. The frequency is changed to a second frequency, and the RF power sent out for a second time substantially different from the fist time so as to tend to improve data throughput. In one embodiment forced frequency “hops” are implemented if the time it takes to perform a particular transaction is greater than the time available on a particular carrier frequency. In one embodiment, a radio frequency identification (RFID) base station processor (in conjunction with program information stored in a base station memory) is adapted to (i) determine the amount of time available on a particular carrier frequency (e.g., pursuant to Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations, European Telecommunications Standardization Institute (ETSI) regulations, etc.

Abstract: A method, system and circuit arrangement exchange data and supply power to at least one current sink connected via at least one data line pair to a fire alarm control unit. A pulsed voltage is used as the supply voltage for the current sink connected via at least one data line pair. Useful data is transmitted to the fire alarm control unit between two voltage pulses. The voltage required to transmit the useful data to the fire alarm control unit is used by a capacitor of a circuit arrangement in the current sink charged beforehand by the supply voltage.

Abstract: A system and method for alerting responsible personnel to perform a post-trip inspection check for passengers remaining on a bus at the end of a trip by issuing audible and/or visual alerts when the bus is parked and the motor shut off at the end of the trip. The ignition switch (47) must be placed in ACCESSORY position and a park brake applied for the system to be rendered capable of being disarmed by operation of a disarming device (45S) at the rear of the bus. Operation of the disarming device is indicated by a correct sequence of operating conditions of the device, namely first non-actuated, then actuated, and then non-actuated. The system includes a SNOOZE state that allows the ignition switch to be temporarily turned off during a trip and the alert to be stopped by pressing a snooze switch.

Abstract: The system comprises: a signalling device able to provide the driver with a sensorial alarm signal indicating a danger situation; detectors able to provide signals and/or data representing the situation outside the motor vehicle and/or the travel conditions of the vehicle itself; and electronic processing and control devices designed to analyse the signals and/or data provided by the detectors and determine the occurrence of predetermined operating situations, such as the presence of any obstacles along the travel path of the motor vehicle, and generate, under predetermined conditions and in accordance with a predefined procedure, warning signals and/or data which can be used for activating the signalling device. The signalling device comprises an electrically operated actuator associated with the accelerator pedal of the motor vehicle and able, when activated, to apply to said pedal a stress with predefined characteristics, which is perceivable by the driver's foot.

Abstract: A tire condition monitoring device mounted on a wheel assembly with a tire and executing wireless signaling to a vehicle body, includes an electric circuit further including a sensor detecting a condition of the tire and a wireless circuit executing wireless signaling to transmit results of detection by the sensor, a DC power supply supplying power to the electric circuit, a pair of power lines connecting the DC power supply and the electric circuit to each other, and inductor elements connected to the paired power lines respectively.

Abstract: The invention relates to a seat-belt warning device comprising a device which detects a seat occupied by a passenger, a device which detects whether the seat-belt associated with a seat is being used, and a device which emits a warning signal. According to the invention, the device which detects seat occupancy by a passenger comprises an optical image-producing system comprising an image evaluation unit.

Abstract: An industrial process sensor having a sensor component exposed to process fluid detects when the sensor performance has been degraded by a sensor coating buildup from the process fluid. A baseline statistical metric, such as standard deviation of the process parameter sensed by the sensor, is determined during an initial operating period when the sensor component is clean. During continued operation of the sensor, the statistical metric is continually updated and monitored. An alarm output indicating that sensor coating has degraded sensor performance is produced when the current value of the statistical metric varies from the baseline value by an amount indicating degraded sensor performance.