Abstract: A laminate film having heat shielding property and jet blackness with clearness can be obtained by the steps of: applying a heat shielding coating (I) containing a compound which does not absorb infrared radiation and having a heat shielding function to form the corresponding heat cured or uncured film; applying thereto a black base coating (A) containing a perylene black pigment, and/or an azomethine pigment, and/or an azo dye to form the corresponding film; applying a color clear coating (B) containing a black dye onto the heat cured or uncured film of the black base coating (A) to form the corresponding film; applying thereto a clear coating (C) to form the corresponding film; and heat curing a laminate film having the films of the heat shielding coating (I), the black base coating (A), the color clear coating (B) and the clear coating (C) stacked one after another.

Abstract: A particle having a magnesium aluminate core and a fluoride salt coating on the core. The particle has been heated in an oxidizing atmosphere to a temperature in the range of about 400° C. to about 750° C. A method of making a particle by mixing a magnesium aluminate core with a solution of a fluoride salt in a solvent to form a slurry and spraying the slurry into a drying column. The slurry enters the column as an aerosol under thermal conditions that avoid boiling the solvent. The thermal conditions in the column evaporate the solvent as the aerosol moves through the column to form a coating of the fluoride salt on the core while substantially avoiding spalling.

Abstract: A carbon material is formed by heat-treating a carbonaceous material in a reaction mix of boron oxide or its precursors and ammonia-generating phases such as melamine or its like in a nitrogen atmosphere to temperatures of 1600 to 2000° C. The surface of the carbonaceous material is transformed into a carbon material that is resistant to oxidation to temperatures of 900° C., enabling machined components to be utilized for weeks at that temperature. The carbon material also is stable in inert or vacuum environments to temperatures in the range of 1500 to 2000° C., enabling its use as aluminum evaporative boats and the like.

Abstract: An oil and water repellent composition for protecting fabric, wool, and other substrates is described. The oil and water repellent composition comprises: (a) a cationic fluoroacrylate copolymer with a glass transition temperature near ambient temperature; (b) a cationic fluoroacrylate copolymer with a glass transition temperature of about 80° C. to about 100° C.; (c) a nonionic hydrophilic softener; and (d) an inorganic additive.

Abstract: A multilayer film, capable of withstanding high thermal stresses, with silver as functional layer, a sacrificial metal layer placed on top of the silver layer and antireflection dielectric layers, has a metal nitride layer between the silver layer and the sacrificial metal layer. This metal nitride layer is composed in particular of Si3N4 and/or AlN and constitutes an effective diffusion barrier. The optical and energy properties of the silver layer consequently remain, for the most part, preserved, even after undergoing high thermal stresses (for example of the bending or toughening type when curving and/or prestressing a window pane provided with the multilayer film).

Abstract: The easily cleanable coated product is made by a process, in which a coating mixture including a hydrophobic and/or dirt-repellent substance uniformly distributed throughout a hydrolyzable, network-forming gel is applied to a product surface. The hydrophobic and/or dirt-repellent substance, which is a silane of the formula (CFxHy)—(CFaHb)n—(CFa?Hb?)m—Si—(OR)3, wherein R is an optionally heteroatom-containing, C1–C8-alkyl or aminoalkyl group and x and y each equal 0, 1, 2 or 3 and x+y=3, and a, a? and b, b? each equal 0.1 or 2, and a+b as well as a?+b?=2, and n and m each denote an integer from 0 to 20 and n+m equal at most 30, is chemically bound In the backbone of the gel network to form the easily cleanable coating. The gel is preferably an inorganic metal oxide gel made by a sol-gel process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polyorganosiloxane composition, to a method for mixing the components and to a method for vulcanizing said polyorganosiloxane composition. The invention also relates to the vulcanized composition thereby obtained, to composite materials containing a substrate and the above-mentioned vulcanized composition, and to the use of the inventive polyorganosiloxane composition.

Abstract: A nano-sized composite material of a polymer resin and a layered clay composite having improved properties can be prepared by a simple and economic process comprising applying an electric field thereto.

Abstract: A laminate having a metal foil layer, and a polyimide resin layer provided on the metal foil layer, wherein the polyimide resin layer is obtained by curing a coating of a polyimide resin precursor solution directly applied onto a surface of the metal foil layer, wherein the polyimide resin layer has a linear expansion coefficient in the range from 10 to 30 ppm/K, wherein the metal foil layer and the polyimide resin layer have a bonding strength therebetween of at least 0.5 kN/m in terms of 180° peel strength, and wherein the polyimide resin obtained from the polyimide resin precursor solution contains at least 50% by weight of a moiety having a structure represented by the following formula (1) shown in the specification.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a resin-forming mold having high releasability and permitting a production without increasing production costs. The resin-forming mold can be used to produce a resin-molded product having minute uneven portions on a front face thereof, such as a surface light source device-use light guide for a liquid crystal display, an aspherical micro-lens, micro-Fresnel lens and an optical disk. In the stamper (resin-forming mold) 10 provided with an electroformed layer 11 and a conductive film 12 formed on the electroformed layer 11, the front face layer 12c of the conductive film 12 is formed of aluminum and a back face 12d is formed of nickel as an electroconductive metal. In addition, the constituent composition of the aluminum and the nickel continuously changes from the front face 12c toward the back face 12d. The front face 12c may be formed of aluminum and oxygen. The aluminum may combine with the oxygen to form an oxide of aluminum.

Abstract: An electroluminescent material is a metal complex, preferably aluminium, of a substituted pyrazol-5-one.

Abstract: A red organic light-emitting compound which has a superior heat-resistance and is capable of adjusting the color of the emitted light, and an organic light-emitting device including the same are disclosed.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device comprising: a pair of electrodes; and at least one organic compound layer between the pair of electrodes, the at least one organic compound layer including a light emitting layer, wherein the light emitting layer contains at least one host material and at least one luminescent material, and the host material is a compound represented by the formula (I) as defined herein.

Abstract: Provided are a compound semiconductor crystal substrate capable of reducing planar defects such as twins and anti-phase boundaries occurring in epitaxially grown crystals without additional steps beyond epitaxial growth, and a method of manufacturing the same. A compound single crystal substrate, the basal plane of which is a nonpolar face, with said basal plane having a partial surface having polarity (a partial polar surface). Said partial polar surface is a polar portion of higher surface energy than said basal plane.

Abstract: The invention provides hard, ductile coatings comprising a ductile bonding layer of zirconium or titanium alloyed with a precious metal and a hard, surface layer comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of zirconium nitride, titanium nitride, zirconium carbide and titanium carbide and a precious metal segregated into the grain boundaries. The present invention also provides hard ductile multilayer coatings comprised of alternating ductile metal and hard nitride or carbide layers. The invention also includes methods to manufacture nitride or carbide coatings with ductile precious metal grain boundaries. The coatings provide an erosion resistant coating to surfaces to which they are applied.

Abstract: Magnetoresistive (MR) sensors are disclosed that have leads with reduced resistance, improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the sensors. The leads have broad layers of highly conductive material for connection to MR structures, as opposed to thin wires of highly conductive material or broad layers of resistive material, lowering the resistance of the leads. The low-resistance leads can be formed without increasing the shield-to-shield spacing, providing highly sensitive and focused MR sensors.

Abstract: A multiple layer structure comprising a pair of spaced-apart crystalline layers of different materials with an intermediate crystalline layer between and in contact with each of the pair of crystalline layers, the intermediate crystalline layer providing one of the crystalline layers of the pair with a stronger out-of-plane preferred growth orientation than if each of the pair of crystalline layers are in overlying contact. Disclosed and preferred embodiments include perpendicular magnetic recording media comprising the multiple layer structure as an intermediate layer structure beneath a perpendicular magnetic recording layer for strengthening a preferred out-of-plane growth orientation of the latter.

Abstract: A partial fuel cell system for converting a flow of a reactant to electricity and a flow of exhaust gases. The partial fuel cell system may include a first heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the flow of exhaust gases and the flow of the reactant, a second heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the flow of exhaust gases and the flow of the reactant, and a flow controller for controlling the flow of the reactant to the second heat exchanger.

Abstract: A fuel cell system having a redundant voltage monitoring system for monitoring the voltage which is present on a fuel cell unit, and a method for voltage monitoring.

Abstract: Fuel cell systems and methods of operating fuel cell systems are disclosed. In some embodiments, the systems and methods include an emission control system that reduces an amount of organic emission(s) released from the fuel cell systems. The organic emission(s) can include, for example, methanol, formic acid, and/or formaldehyde.

Abstract: Electrocatalyst powders and methods for producing electrocatalyst powders, such as carbon composite electrocatalyst powders. The powders have a well-controlled microstructure and morphology. The method includes forming the particles from an aerosol of precursors by heating the aerosol to a relatively low temperature, such as not greater than about 400° C.

Abstract: A corrosion resistant, electrically conductive component such as a bipolar plate for a PEM fuel cell includes 20–55% Cr, balance base metal such as Ni, Fe, or Co, the component having thereon a substantially external, continuous layer of chromium nitride.

Abstract: A battery pack (1) has a double casing structure, including an inner case (2) disposed inside an outer case (3). The inner case (2) includes a radiator plate (9) that is in contact with the side walls of battery cells (4) disposed within the battery pack (1). A forked air passage (32) extends from an air inlet (27) and is defined between the inner case (2) and the outer case (3) and along the outer surface of the radiator plate (9) until reaching a pair of air outlets (31).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a multifunctional battery for supplying power to an electrical circuit, and the related method of making the same. Use of the multifunctional battery permits structural integrity and versatility, while maximizing power output of the cells and minimizing the overall weight of the structure. The multifunctional battery includes an open cell interconnected structure comprised of a plurality of open cells so as to provide a structural electrode. The structural electrode is configured to be a load bearing member. The battery also includes interstitial electrodes that are counter electrodes to the structural electrode. The interstitial electrodes are at least partially received within a predetermined number of the cells of the interconnected structure. Additionally, a separator portion is disposed between the structural electrode and interstitial electrodes to serve as an electrical insulator.

Abstract: An improved cathode material for nonaqueous electrolyte lithium electrochemical cell is described. The preferred active material is ?-phase silver vanadium oxide (Ag2V4O11) coated with a protective layer of a metal oxide, preferably ?-phase SVO (Ag1.2V3O1.8). The SVO core provides high capacity and rate capability while the protective coating reduces reactivity of the active particles with electrolyte to improve the long-term stability of the cathode.

Abstract: Rechargeable electrochemical cells, such as lithium batteries and asymmetric hybrid battery/supercapacitor systems, exhibiting exceptional specific capacity levels and stability over extended high-rate recharge cycling comprise nanostructure zero strain Li4Ti5O12 intercalation electrode material synthesized in a short duration process of annealing mixed TiO2 and Li-source precursor compounds at about 800° C. for a time of about 15–30 min which is not substantially longer than that required to effect maximum available reaction between the precursors, thereby substantially eliminating the growth of synthesized Li4Ti5O12 particles beyond nanostructure size. The process reduces by order of magnitude the time and energy required for synthesis of the active electrode material and fabrication of utilizing cell devices, and provides such nanostructure material which enables repeated, high-rate recharge cycling without loss of cell capacity or efficiency.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making lithium/air batteries with LiPON as separator and protective barrier, and the resulting cell(s) and/or battery(s). Some embodiments include an apparatus that includes a lithium anode; a polymer-air cathode; and a LiPON separator between the anode and cathode. In some embodiments, the polymer-air cathode includes a carbon-polyfluoroacrylate material. In some embodiments, the anode overlays a copper anode contact.

Abstract: Provided are a composite polymer electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery that includes a composite polymer matrix structure having a single ion conductor-containing polymer matrix to enhance ionic conductivity and a method of manufacturing the same. The composite polymer electrolyte includes a first polymer matrix made of a first porous polymer with a first pore size; a second polymer matrix made of a single ion conductor, an inorganic material, and a second porous polymer with a second pore size smaller than the first pore size. The second polymer matrix is coated on a surface of the first polymer matrix. The composite polymer matrix structure can increase mechanical properties. The single ion conductor-containing porous polymer matrix of a submicro-scale can enhance ionic conductivity and the charge/discharge cycle stability.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolytic solution is provided comprising a non-aqueous solvent, an electrolyte salt, and a siloxane-modified polyoxyalkylene compound having (poly)organosiloxane structures at both ends of polyoxyalkylene. A secondary battery using the same has improved temperature characteristics and high-output characteristics.

Abstract: A mask substrate comprises a transparent substrate including a reference mark and a light shielding film formed on the transparent substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing phase shifter masks for 157 nm lithography. A coating has an organic material and is at least partially configured on the phase shifter mask. This coating is processed with an electron beam. This allows efficient production of very small structures, even for 157 nm lithography.

Abstract: A method is provided for patterning a substrate. In such method a first mask, for example, a front-end-of-line (“FEOL”) mask is fabricated, the first mask including a plurality of first features such as FEOL features which are usable to pattern regular elements and redundancy elements of a substrate such as a microelectronic substrate and/or a micro-electromechanical substrate. The first mask is tested, i.e., inspected for defects in the features. Thereafter, a second sequentially used mask, for example, a back-end-of-line (“BEOL”) mask is fabricated which includes a plurality of second features, e.g., BEOL features, such features being usable to pattern a plurality of interconnections between individual ones of the regular elements and between the regular elements and the redundancy elements. The regular elements and the redundancy elements are patterned using the first mask and the interconnections between them are patterned using the second mask.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photoconductive layer on an electrically conductive substrate, the photoconductive layer being formed from a non-single-crystal material constituted by at least silicon atoms as a base material, and a non-single-crystal layer region constituted by silicon atoms and carbon atoms as base materials, the non-single-crystal layer region being laminated on the photoconductive layer, in which the content distribution of the oxygen atoms to a total amount of component atoms in a thickness direction within the non-single-crystal layer region has a peak.

Abstract: A photoconductive member for use in an electrophotographic machine includes a substrate having an inside and outside surface. An inner smoothing layer is disposed over the inside surface of the substrate thereby improving the compatibility of the photoconductive member with an air-mounting process by which the photoconductive member is operably associated with a mandrel.

Abstract: A method for preparing a coating solution containing a cocrystallized titanyl phthalocyanine-titanyl fluorophthalocyanine, the method comprising: dry milling a charge-generation pigment or mixtures of charge-generation pigments; increasing the amorphousness of the pigment mixture as determined by X-ray crystallography using X-radiation characteristic of Cu K? at a wavelength of 1.

Abstract: A developing agent comprising color toners and a cyan toner, the color toners including a yellow toner, a magenta toner, and a black toner, wherein the black toner comprises a binder resin containing a crystalline polyester resin, and the yellow toner, the magenta toner and the cyan toner each comprise a binder resin containing no crystalline polyester resin.

Abstract: An image formation apparatus includes a development unit using a developer support having a conductive surface layer, and a control unit for causing an idle operation of the developer support to be performed at a predetermined timing in a non-print state.

Abstract: Disclosed are fuser members, apparatus and methods which employ compositions that can be varied to provide a fused toner image with a selected gloss level. In embodiments, the apparatus and methods employ a fusing member having an outer contact surface thereon which contacts a previously fused toner image under conditions of elevated temperature and pressure. The contact surface has a Gardner G60 gloss of up to about 35 and is comprised of a fluorocarbon thermoplastic random copolymer co-cured with a fluorinated resin, such as polyfluoroethylenepropylene (FEP). In embodiments, the contact surface comprises a fluorocarbon thermoplastic random copolymer co-cured with a fluorinated resin including subunits of: —(CH2 CF2)x-, —(CF2CF(CF3))y-, and —(CF2 CF2)z-, wherein: x is from 1 to 50 or 60 to 80 mole percent, y is from 10 to 89 mole percent, z is from 10 to 89 mole percent, and x+y+z equals 100 mole percent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of forming electrophotographic prints comprising providing an image receiving element with writable toner receiver layer on each side, wherein each of said toner receiver layers comprises thermoplastic polymer and a fuser-oil sorbent additive present in an amount of 10% of said toner receiver layer, forming a toner image on at least one side of said image receiving element, fusing said at least one toner image, passing said image receiving element through a belt fuser with an image bearing side of said image receiving element against said belt fuser to provide a belt fused element having a glossy surface on the side of said receiving element adjacent said belt fuser while the other side remains a writable surface.

Abstract: A thermally conductive material, a donor element including the material, a method of printing using the donor element, and a print assembly including the donor element are described, wherein the thermally conductive material includes at least two immiscible or incompatible organic polymers, or a block or graft copolymer, wherein the constituent homopolymer repeat units that form the copolymer are prepared from chemical species that would form mutually immiscible or incompatible polymers, and thermally conductive particles having a short axis of less than or equal to 0.2 microns.

Abstract: New negative-acting photoresist compositions are provided that are particularly useful for imaging at short wavelengths, particularly sub-200 nm wavelengths such as 193 nm. Resists of the invention provide contrast between exposed and unexposed coating layer regions through crosslinking or other solubility switching mechanism. Preferred resists of the invention include a resin component that contains repeat units that facilitate aqueous base solubility.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photoresist composition comprising a photoacid generator and at least one polymer comprising at least one unit as described by structure 1, The invention also relates to a process for imaging the photoresist composition of the present invention, and to a process of making the polymer in the presence of an organic base.

Abstract: A high resolution resist material comprising an acid generator is provided so that high sensitivity and high resolution for high energy rays of 300 nm or less, small line-edge roughness, and excellence in heat stability and storage stability are obtained. Moreover, a pattern formation method using this resist material are provided. Specifically, a novel compound of the following general formula (1); and a positive resist material comprising this compound preferably as a photo acid generator, and a base resin; are provided. This positive resist material may contain a basic compound or a dissolution inhibitor.

Abstract: Photocurable resin compositions are provided that are most useful in stereolithography. A photocurable resin includes a urethane acrylate oligomer, an acrylate monomer, and a polymerization modifier. The resin after curing provides a solid product that has characteristics that can depend on the resin composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to using VLSI techniques to store information on a substrate. One embodiment of a die with text deposited upon the die uses semiconductor processing techniques during fabrication. Included in the die are a substrate, a first paragraph and a second paragraph. The first and second paragraphs are in contact with the substrate. The second paragraph is aligned with the first paragraph in a column.

Abstract: A method for dicing a wafer, in which a wafer having a plurality of electronic circuits formed at one side thereof is diced into individual semiconductor chips, the method comprising the steps of: coating the side of the wafer opposed to the side at which the plurality of electronic circuits are formed with a layer of a photosensitive resist, exposing the photosensitive resist layer by irradiating it with a radiation capable of penetrating the wafer, at the side having the electronic circuits formed, and along the dicing lines, for subsequently cutting the wafer for the dicing, developing the photosensitive resist layer to thereby selectively remove the material at the exposed portions of the resist layer along the dicing lines, and dicing the wafer by etching it, at the side opposed to the side having the electronic circuits, to cut the wafer along the dicing lines.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a TFT array panel for a LCD disclosers that the gate electrode wiring, transparent conducting electrode, and the first electrode of the storage capacity are formed while the first mask is processing. Then, the selective deposition method is used to process the growth of the first metal wiring. This, therefore, can reduce the numbers of the mask processes. Further, the metal deposition with photo-resist lift-off step is used to implement the layout of the second metal wiring for the consequent transmission lines in the manufacturing process. Finally, the process of the passivation layer deposition is used to implement associated circuits of a TFT array panel for a LCD. The TFT array panel for a LCD for manufacturing circuits can simplify the manufacturing process and reduce the cost.

Abstract: In order to prevent exposure mismatch on a boundary between exposure regions that causes pattern connection defects (including stitch defects), exposure is performed twice or more on a whole exposure region of a glass substrate. The exposure method includes aligning a reticle in a scanning direction, exposing the reticle pattern onto the glass substrate, moving the glass substrate one-half of the width of the reticle, and exposing an exposure area twice by repeating the exposing and moving steps.

Abstract: A photothermographic material comprising a photosensitive silver halide, a non-photosensitive organic silver salt, a reducing agent for a silver ion and a binder on one surface of a support, wherein a silver behenate-content of the non-photosensitive organic silver salt is 40 to 70 mol %, and the photothermographic material comprises a compound that can be one-electron-oxidized to provide a one-electron oxidation product, which further releases at least 1 electron, one of during and after a subsequent reaction.

Abstract: A package of thermographic or photothermographic materials has a primary packaging enclosure, and optionally a secondary packaging enclosure, containing one or more of the materials (such as individual sheets). A non-photosensitive indicator device is associated with either or both of the packaging enclosures. This non-photosensitive indicator device is adapted to provide a visually observable indication of a predetermined cumulative thermal exposure and a predetermined temperature event (that is, single temperature event) of the package. This indicator device is able to provide information as to the time-temperature history of the package.