Abstract: The invention relates to a radio transmitter using QAM modulation, comprising a first transmit filter for filtering data symbols to be transmitted to form a waveform, means for comparing the waveform to a predetermined threshold value, means for clipping power peaks that exceed the predetermined threshold value from the waveform to form a clipped waveform, means for multiplying the clipped power peaks with an impulse response of a receive filter to form an impaired signal, means for subtracting the impaired signal from the data symbols to be transmitted to form subtracted data symbols, a second transmit filter for filtering the reduced data symbols to form a modulated signal, and means for up-converting the modulated signal to a transmission frequency.

Abstract: A distortion compensator compensates for distortion arising in an amplifier that amplifies a signal with improved efficiency. The distortion compensator includes a signal level detector which detects the level of a signal to be amplified by an amplifier, a distortion compensation execution unit which executes distortion compensation on the signal to be amplified according to a mode of distortion compensation corresponding to the signal level detected by the signal level and a correspondence between signal levels and distortion compensation control values as pairs, a distortion compensation control value correspondence updater which updates the correspondence between the signal levels and the distortion compensation control values used in the execution of distortion compensation, and a distortion compensation control value number controller which controls the values of stipulated parameters.

Abstract: There is provided a quadrature modulation transmitter which is capable of solving several problems of the conventional transmitter while performing the same function as the heterodyne transmitter or the digital IF transmitter, in which a circuit structure is simplified and a power consumption is reduced compared with the conventional transmitter.

Abstract: A single chip radio transceiver includes circuitry that enables received wideband RF signals to be down converted to base band frequencies and base band signals to be up converted to wideband RF signals prior to transmission without requiring conversion to an intermediate frequency. The circuitry includes a low noise amplifier, automatic frequency control circuitry for aligning the LO frequency with the frequency of the received RF signals, signal power measuring circuitry for measuring the signal to signal and power ratio and for adjusting frontal and rear amplification stages accordingly, and finally, filtering circuitry to filter high and low frequency interfering signals including DC offset.

Abstract: Apparatus for reducing DC offset in a signal path of a conversion system comprising a front end circuit for providing an input signal having an a DC offset; an amplifier system coupled to the front end circuit to receive and amplify the input signal; a multi-bit sigma delta modulator for receiving the input signal from the amplifier system and providing a first bit quantizer; a DC adapt circuit coupled to the sigma delta modulator for receiving the first bit quantizer from the sigma delta modulator and for providing an operation to reduce DC offset; a digital to analog converter (DAC) coupled to the digital DC adapt circuit to provide an analog signal representative of the DC offset correction to the input of the amplifier system, wherein the digital DC adapt circuit and the DAC form a feedback path originating at the first bit of the multi bit sigma delta modulator to the input of the amplifier system.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) receiver comprising: 1) a local oscillator (LO) circuit capable of receiving a local oscillator (LO) reference signal having frequency, LO, and a double sideband (DSB) clock signal having a frequency, DSB, and generating therefrom an in-phase product signal of the LO reference signal and the DSB clock signal in which a polarity of the LO reference signal is reversed at the DSB frequency of the DSB clock signal; and 2) a first radio frequency (RF) mixer having a first input port capable of receiving the in-phase product signal from the LO circuit and a second input port capable of receiving a modulated radio frequency (RF) signal, wherein the first RF mixer generates a first downconverted output signal.

Abstract: An arrangement to enable automatic baud rate speed negotiation between transceivers having different operating speed characteristics is implemented. When an event indicative of a possible baud rate mismatch occurs, control signals are generated and used to trigger a baud rate negotiation procedure. In the baud rate negotiation procedure, a predetermined pattern is transmitted, the baud rate of the respective transmitting transceiver is decoded, and the decoded baud rate is used to select an appropriate filtering for the transceiver.

Abstract: The invention concerns a data transmission device comprising a turbo coder (22) comprising an interleaver operating on two interleaving blocks and means (26) for producing symbols from said codes (D, Y1, Y2) supplied by the turbo coder The device comprises means (28) for inserting a synchronising sequence into said symbols at a site having a predetermined relationship position relative to the symbols produced with the codes associated with a common interleaving block.

Abstract: A method for estimating a plurality of delay values in a multi-path communication signal. Correlation values are generated that correspond to a plurality of delay values associated with the multi-path communication signal. A first power-delay profile (PDP) sequence is produced from the correlation values and is used to estimate a first delay value. A first reference PDP sequence is generated based on a predefined PDP sequence and the first PDP sequence. The first reference PDP sequence is removed from the first PDP sequence so as to remove at least a portion of the contributions to the first PDP sequence from the first delay value, and to provide a second PDP sequence. A second value is estimated based on the second PDP sequence.

Abstract: A digitally programmable gain control circuit and method of operating the same is disclosed. The gain control circuit includes a programmable gain amplifier having an amplifier structure represented by a plurality of overlapping discrete monotonic transfer function segments, wherein at least one point of non-monotonicity occurs among one or more of the plurality of overlapping discrete monotonic transfer function segments, and a gain segment translator circuit operative to translate a monotonic gain value to a segment code to match the non-monotonic characteristics of the programmable gain amplifier. The programmability of the gain amplifier is provided by a coarse gain control circuit and a fine gain control circuit.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for reducing interference in a received signal. A normalized noise correlate is determined using the received signal and a first channel estimate of the received signal. Conditional whitening-filter settings are determined using the normalized noise correlate. A whitening filter is applied to the received signal in accordance with the conditional whitening-filter settings. A synchronization adjustment of an updated received signal is performed. A second channel estimate, which may be of the same span as the first channel estimate, is determined using an updated synchronization position and the updated received signal.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for canceling co-channel interference in a receiving system using spatio-temporal whitening. In some embodiments, a spatio-temporal interference canceling method, and apparatus for carrying out the method are provided which effectively cancel co-channel interference despite frequency offset between the desired signal and the interferer in a TDMA type system. Real and imaginary component values of the total received signal are used for virtual diversity branches, and a vector-valued auto regressive model is used to characterize the interference. In other embodiments, spatio-temporal interference whitening is used to improve timing estimates used for synchronization. The two uses of spatio-temporal whitening can be combined in one receiver. The invention is typically implemented in one or more programmed digital signal processors or application specific integrated circuits (ASICS), embodied in a receiving system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for implementing a new TEQ training approach that trains TEQ coefficients by exploiting both time-domain and frequency-domain information. An advantage of this technique is that it reduces memory usage due to the training process. In addition, the complexity of the training process is simplified, and the associated computational work is reduced. The reduction of memory usage and computational work in turn may lead to cost savings, power consumption savings and other advantages.

Abstract: A data detection circuit and method detect a first bit that is the least significant among bits having a value 1 in N-bit input binary data and a second bit that is the second least significant among bits having the value 1 in the N-bit input data. The data detection method includes the steps of receiving N-bit input data, detecting the first bit that is the least significant among bits having the first value in the received N-bit input data, changing only the value of the detected first bit in the N-bit input data into a second value, and outputting thus generated N-bit intermediate data, in response to a clock signal, and then receiving the N-bit intermediate data, detecting a second bit that is the least significant among bits having the first value in the received N-bit intermediate data, and outputting the detection result, in response to an inverted signal of the clock signal.

Abstract: A process of acquiring, transmitting and reconstructing data signals is disclosed. The process includes monitoring a timing reference signal produced by a timing reference and receiving an input data signals on input/output modules. The input data signals are sampled using one of an external sample clock and an internal sample clock. The process further includes recording an input rate, based on a number of samples received during an interval, a duration count, based on the number of cycles of the timing reference signal received between the first sample and the last sample in the sample interval, and a delay count, based on a number of cycles of the timing reference signal received between a start of the interval and a first sample clock cycle of the one of the external sample clock or the internal sample clock. Data packets are created, based on sampled input data and the measured input rate, the delay count for each interval.

Abstract: A clock regeneration scheme for a digital communication receiver has a first-in, first-out (FIFO) storage buffer into which received data is clocked in accordance with an input clock signal and a data valid signal. A fixed fractional delay line is coupled to provide respectively different phase delayed versions of the input clock signal and feeds a multiplexer that is controllably operative to couple one of the outputs of the fixed fractional delay line to a regenerated clock output port. A control loop, which includes the FIFO storage buffer, the output port and a steering control input of the multiplexer circuit, is operative to selectively change which output of the fixed fractional delay line is coupled by the multiplexer to the output port, so as to controllably cause the output clock signal to track the effective frequency of the valid data signal.

Abstract: The present invention is for an apparatus that receives input data at a non-uniform first data rate carried by a system clock, and provides output data at a substantially uniform second data rate that is nominally equal to the first data rate and is also carried by the system clock. The system clock is faster than the first or second data rates and accordingly, a write enable signal controls the input data that is written into a saturating elastic store and a read enable signal controls the reading and output of data from the saturating elastic store. The saturating elastic store includes a plurality of storage locations and provides a storage fill level indicative of the amount of storage locations currently holding data. A digital filter receives the storage fill level and filters the storage fill level to provide a control word to a digitally controlled read enable signal generator.

Abstract: A method and system for automatically producing clock signals for sampling data signals at different data rates via a phase locked loop, wherein in a synchronization process by means of the phase locked loop, a data signal is sampled successively using a clock signal at different frequencies, which are associated with different transmission protocols, and is checked for the presence of protocol identification information associated with the selected clock signal, until protocol identification information is detected such that the frequency resolution of the phase locked loop is advantageously increased, and the synchronization of the clock signal to the data signal is improved.

Abstract: When photographing is started, pulsation of a subject is detected and a pulsation period T is measured. A standstill period is determined and the rotation time S of a rotation table is calculated according to the equation S=nT (where n denotes an odd number). When rotation is started and a predetermined speed and a predetermined angle are attained, X-ray exposure is started, and the exposure is stopped when a predetermined number of views are obtained. After scan data is collected, a motion area is detected and data-rearrangement is performed, and a half-scan reconstructed image is created by using the rearranged scan data. When an artifact is identified by reconstructed-image evaluation, a retry is made. Subsequently, a standstill period is changed, the data rearrangement is performed again, and half-scan reconstruction and image evaluation are performed again. When the image evaluation is successful, three-dimension-voxel coupling is performed.

Abstract: To simplify the reconstruction of structural data of an object (7) examined using a tomography device (1), it is proposed to implement a radiation source (4) in such a way that radiation bundles (6) with parallel beam geometry are produced.

Abstract: A computed tomography detector module is presented. The detector module includes a substrate having a topside and a bottom side. Additionally, the detector module includes a plurality of detector layers disposed on the top side of the substrate in a direction that is substantially orthogonal to the substrate, where each of the plurality of detector layers comprises a direct conversion material configured to absorb radiation, and where each of the plurality of detector layers comprises a first side and a second side. Further, the detector module includes a plurality of pixelated anode contacts is disposed on the first side of each of the plurality of detector layers. Also, the detector module includes a common cathode contact is disposed on the second side of each of the plurality of detector layers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an arrangement for detecting X-ray radiations comprising a carrying member on one face arranged with detectors consisting of a plurality of sensors arranged on a substrate. The detectors are arranged substantially edge to edge at lease in one row on at least one side of said carrying member.

Abstract: In an apparatus for radiographic projection tomography, particularly mammography, an X-ray tube is mounted at the end of a swiveling arm, with a relative movement mechanism. The relative movement mechanism is such that it enables the tube to follow a path of a cycloid. Images or exposures taken only during the time when the tube, in its path, follows cusp points such that it is possible to keep a constant speed of movement of the arm while at the same time increasing the useful duration of an image. Vibration or oscillation effects inherent in the apparatus are compensated by the positioning, if necessary, of a counterweight.

Abstract: An x-ray confocal defect detection system comprises an x-ray source, a confocal component, and defect detectors and operates on a target portion of a semiconductor device. The x-ray source generates x-ray energy. The semiconductor device includes a plurality of formed layers. The target portion is a selected layer or portion of the plurality of formed layers. At least a portion of the x-ray is transmitted through the semiconductor device as transmitted x-ray. The confocal component receives the transmitted x-ray and passes target x-ray intensity from the target portion of the transmitted x-ray energy. Detectors receive the target x-ray from the confocal component from which defect analysis can be performed.

Abstract: The invention is intended to always ensure a sufficient level of patient positioning accuracy regardless of the skills of individual operators.

Abstract: The invention is intended to always ensure a sufficient level of patient positioning accuracy regardless of the skills of individual operators.

Abstract: An initial image (the image of a slit plate 5 imaged when adjusted to an optimal focal diameter) is stored in a storage section 72 of an X-ray tube adjusting apparatus 7. An acquisition section 74 acquires a test image (the image of the slit plate 5 imaged at the time of adjusting the focal diameter). A presentation section 76 presents the initial image and an image representing the luminance on the initial image (showing a contrast ?a between a slit portion 764a and a residual area portion 766a in the initial image) and the test image and an image representing the luminance on the test image (showing a contrast ?b between a slit portion 764b and a residual area portion 766b in the initial image) simultaneously (in a comparable manner).

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and apparatus for limiting a ray beam, especially in connection with an x-ray imaging equipment. The invention comprises a collimator construction in which a primary blade element (4) is moved directly by means of an actuator (3) and where at least one secondary element (5, 20) is movable in connection with the primary element (4), but does not move dependent on the movements of it when the distance between the said elements (4, 5, 20) is within at least one certain operating range concerning them.

Abstract: X-ray device with a detector and an adjustable diaphragm for fading-in an examination area, whereby the detector (6) can be controlled and read-out asymmetrically and the diaphragm (8) can be moved asymmetrically.

Abstract: A voice biometric authentication system and method. An authentication system is provided for authenticating a user of a telephonic device, comprising: a setup system for capturing and storing an authentic user voice sample; a comparison system that compares the authentic user voice sample with an inputted voice sample and generates a comparison result; and a control system for controlling access to the telephonic device, wherein the control system: analyzes the comparison result for an initial inputted voice sample received when a telephone call is initiated; and periodically analyzes comparison results for ongoing inputted voice samples received during the telephone call.

Abstract: A network method for using a network telephone voice-mail service, by which a caller may leave a voice-message that includes the identification of an attachment, which may include, as examples only, audio, video, text, programs, spreadsheets and graphic attachments. A video, text, spreadsheet or graphic attachment may be converted to an audible attachment to the voice-mail at the caller's or the voice-mail subscriber's request. Such entries may be made, after receiving an automated prompt for leaving an attachment identifier or conversion request, audibly or by using a keypad entry. A network method is also provided for using a network telephone voice-mail service, by which the voice-mail service may detect an attachment to a voice-mail message and provide access to the attachment to the voice-mail message.

Abstract: The current invention is a system for providing telephone directory assistance service in which a telephone user calls to the system and the system will, based on the requested number or type of service, hear a recorded advertisement. The advertisements are selected from a databank according to selection criteria, which may include any number of advertisements. After the advertising announcement is completed, the directory assistance call is processed as usual. The selection criteria can include the use of SIC codes.

Abstract: The system includes a device (1) for detecting hung up/picked up line, which provides a signal showing whether the line is open or closed, a device (2) for closing or opening the line (7), which provides the data to be transmitted, a device (3) for detecting a conventional call, a module (4) for exterior connection, a power supply circuit (5), which receives electrical current from the telephone line (7) itself and control means (6) which, on receiving a signal through the connection module (4), transmit an appropriate signal to the device (2) for closing and opening the line (7), which transmits the data of a message to be transmitted.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for integrating electronic mail, voice mail, and fax mail in a universal mailbox. Message receivers may access their messages with a telephone or a computer regardless of the communication medium used by the message sender. Using a telephone, message receivers may playback voice mail, redirect fax mail, and “listen” to e-mail through a text-to-speech conversion process. Using a computer and modem, message receivers may playback voice mail, view fax mail, and read e-mail by accessing the universal mailbox via connection software. Message senders and receivers may choose from a variety of filter and forward options that allow them to manage their communications via the universal mailbox. Forwarding and conversion of messages is performed automatically. The options are used to define a set of rules to be applied to inbound and outbound messages so that messages are sent and received in accordance with the preferences of the senders and receivers.

Abstract: A system (130) forwards a telephone call to a user. The system (130) receives a telephone call from a calling party and compares the name of the calling party to a list of names. If the calling party's name matches a name in the list, the system (130) forwards the telephone call to the user.

Abstract: A telephone exchange (1) arranged to communicate with communication units (2, 3, 4, 5, 7) and to provide a plurality of electronic call assistants to the communication units, a first electronic call assistant (12) being provided to a first communication unit (2) and a second electronic call assistant (14) to a second communication unit (4), the first electronic call assistant (12) having access to a distinct first database (36), the second electronic call assistant (14) having access to a distinct second database (38), wherein the first (12) and second (14) electronic call assistants share a common database (40).

Abstract: An anti-telemarketing program uses the calling party identification of an incoming call to determine if the call is a telemarketing call by accessing a telemarketing database. The incoming call can be identified as a telemarketing call by direct correlation with a known telemarketing number or by indirect correlation by not being included within a list of known non-telemarketing numbers. If an incoming call is identified as a telemarketing call, and no override condition is set, the call will not be allowed to ring through to the desired phone line; instead, it will be terminated by a call progress tone or by a notification that the desired phone line does not accept calls from telemarketers. If an incoming call is not identified as a telemarketing call, it will be completed, and if it is from a telemarketer, the party receiving the call can designate the calling party identification from the call as belonging to a telemarketer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a telecommunications system and method for providing a plurality of services, the services providing control for communication via the telecommunications system. The system comprises a switching point for triggering one or more services of said plurality of services for a communication. Each of the services may reserve at least one control characteristic. A service manager connected to the switching point is arranged to determine if at least two services can be provided for the communication based on information relating to control characteristics of said at least two services. A new service can be started only if the control characteristics it requires are not reserved by a previously invoked service. A service manager for use in a telecommunication system for managing the plurality of services is also disclosed.

Abstract: A networking system includes telephone switches and data network gateways for routing calls either over the public telephone network or over the packet switched data network. A router examines initiated calls and selects either the telephone network or a data network for completing the call. A Network Operations Center (NOC) monitors the performance of plural gateways, and updates routing information in the router and/or in the gateways, which may be used for future calls.

Abstract: A method of communication among telephony services using an event context cache can include, in a messaging telephony service, receiving a telephony event from a node in the public switched telephony network specifying a called directory number, a calling directory number, and service context data. The service context data can be stored as an entry within the event context cache. The event context cache can be accessible by at least one other telephony service. The entry can be associated with a key for the event context cache. The key can be specified by the called directory number and the calling directory number.

Abstract: A need exists to provide software support in a simple and effective manner over long periods of time. At the same time there is a need to allow contact centers to route calls appropriately when those calls relate to complex software support queries. This needs to be achieved without requiring complex call routing methods and apparatus at the contact center. The present invention addresses these problems by using software error codes or the like to route calls in a contact center.

Abstract: There is provided, in a first form, a system and method for the holistic presentation of multiple media queue depths, which allows the customer to decide what media channel they want to use to make a call based on resource availability across multiple media. Further, this embodiment allows the call center to “cost” media channel services based on their business rules, salaries, calculated return on relationship, cost of different services, etc.

Abstract: An information terminal according to the present invention is provided where a telephone number is directly extracted from a window displayed, and call dialing is performed based upon the extracted telephone number. In the information terminal, a control OS execution circuit 7 extracts character information 111 including a numeral from a window such as a word processor window displayed the display 6 while a word processor OS is functioning, by designating its contained region with the display inversion, or with a frame enclosing the region. It then extracts no more than a numeral from the character information, and displays it in a telephone call dialing window (a first window), with the help of the telephone OS execution circuit 8. It then call-dials, based upon the displayed numeral, to a telephone line L.

Abstract: A line interface performs echo cancellation without the use of a hybrid filter network and includes a transmit path having a line driver, a single matching network terminating the line, and a single transformer. The transformer uses split windings on both the primary side and the secondary (line) side. Each half of the primary side is tapped to obtain a turns ratio of N1:N2, while each half of the secondary side of the transformer has N windings. The single matching impedance is coupled in parallel between the first winding and the second winding on each half of the primary side. Either the voltage across the matching impedance or the voltage across the receive terminals is bootstrapped to the receive signal through multiple negative feedbacks. The transfer function of the line driver is shaped as a first-order high-pass filter (HPF) to reject any out-of-band noise and distortion components.

Abstract: A method of suppressing an echo signal in a communication path such as acoustic coupling between a speaker and a microphone in a telephone device handset includes the steps of monitoring a transmitted signal supplied to the communication path to determine an attribute thereof; generating a leaky mask based on the determined attribute and an attribute of a received echo signal; and partially cancelling the received echo signal using the leaky mask.

Abstract: A telephone device includes a housing, a microphone, a loudspeaker and an auxiliary input device coupled to the housing. The auxiliary input device generates output in response to user manipulation. A controller within the housing is coupled to the microphone, loudspeaker and auxiliary input device. The controller is responsive to output of the auxiliary input device to enable a caller to expose and invoke advanced or special features of the telephone device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of encrypting optical images using binarization or phase only information is presented with a number of ways to secure the image also being provided. An image to be encrypted is first multiplied by a random phase function. The Fourier transform of the product of the image and the random phase function is then multiplied by another random phase function in the Fourier (or Fresnel) domain. Taking the inverse Fourier (or Fresnel) transform, an encrypted image in the output plane is obtained. Alternatively, the image to be encrypted can be phase encoded and then encrypted to provide an extra level or security. The image can be secured using one key in the Fourier or Fresnel domain followed by phase extraction. This encrypted image may then binarized, which may include binarizing the phase-only part of the encrypted image. The use of binarization enables ease of implementation and data compression while still providing recovery of images having good quality.

Abstract: Techniques for efficient KASUMI ciphering are disclosed. In one aspect, one KASUMI round for generating a fractional portion of the KASUMI cipher is deployed with appropriate feedback such that eight sequential rounds produce the KASUMI output. In another aspect, one third of the FO function is deployed with appropriate feedback such that three successive cycles produce the FO output. In yet another aspect, the FI function is deployed with appropriate feedback such that two subsequent cycles produce the FI output. In yet another aspect, a sub-key generator comprising two shift registers produces sub-keys for each round and sub-stage thereof in an efficient manner. These aspects, collectively, yield the advanced benefits of low area and low cost implementations of KASUMI with a simple user interface. Various other aspects of the invention are also presented.

Abstract: A cryptographic key split combiner, which includes a number of key split generators for generating cryptographic key splits and a key split randomizer for randomizing the cryptographic key splits to produce a cryptographic key, and a process for forming cryptographic keys. Each of the key split generators generates key splits from seed data. The key split generators may include a random split generator for generating a random key split based on reference data. Other key split generators may include a token split generator for generating a token key split based on label data, a console split generator for generating a console key split based on maintenance data, and a biometric split generator for generating a biometric key split based on biometric data. All splits may further be based on static data, which may be updated, for example by modifying a prime number divisor of the static data. The label data may be read from a storage medium, and may include user authorization data.

Abstract: An expansion key generating device that receives encryption key data as input, and outputs plural expansion key data, comprising: a data dividing unit operable to divide the encryption key data into plural part key data; and plural key conversion units being connected in series, which output the plural expansion key data. Each of the plural key conversion units includes: an output calculation unit operable to receive the plural part key data or plural output data from a preceding key conversion unit as plural input data, which executes a fixed conversion process for each of the plural input data in so that each bit value of each of the plural input data does not interfere each other, and further outputs plural output data to a subsequent key conversion unit; and an expansion key calculation unit operable to combine plural input data and calculate the expansion key data.