Abstract: A network node sets up a virtual connection in a network based on a virtual connection request initiated from an access port different from a first location previously associated with an account of a user. The network node includes a receiver for receiving a signaling message from the access port requesting the virtual connection. The signaling message has at least one field modified to include an address of the access port. The network node further includes a profile database and a registration server. The profile database stores a service policy associated with the user account. The registration server stores an address of the first location associated with the user account as a default registration, determines whether the user is authorized to establish the virtual connection based on the service policy, and replaces the first location address with the access port address when the user is authorized.

Abstract: The invention provides a method, system and devices for providing a connection of a terminal to at least two networks for providing services to the terminal. The terminal establishes only one logical connection to a support node of a network for communication between the terminal and the network. The logical connection is used for providing services to the terminal from the at least two networks. A network visited by the terminal provides visited services in addition to home services provided to the terminal from a home network of the terminal, the services being provided in parallel.

Abstract: A communications manager in a telecommunications transaction server communicates service request messages and service response messages between one or more remotely executing service request processes and one or more service applications executing on the transaction server. A main thread in the communications manager monitors connections requests and initializes other threads. A unique logical communications connection is established between one of the service request processes and the communications manager. The communications manager creates both a read thread and a write thread for each logical communication connection that is validated and active. The read thread communicates service request messages from a service request process to an appropriate service application. The write thread communications service response messages from the service application to the service request process that issues the service request message.

Abstract: A method and system for multiplexing a plurality of calls (135a, 135b, 135c, 135d, 135e) to an Internet Service Provider (ISP) for transmission in a plurality of timeslots (145a, 145b, 145c) by combining the calls in assigned timeslots. The timeslots may be assigned dynamically or statically. For example, calls (135a) and (135b) are combined such that call (135a) and a percentage of call (135b) are assigned timeslot (145a). The remainder of call (135b) is combined with call (135c) in the next assigned timeslot (145b). In this way n calls are combined (wherein n is a positive integer or fraction) to make efficient use of the circuit-switched connection of a PSTN Transit Network.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for processing Create Packet Data Protocol (PDP) Context Request. The method includes: 1) storing Cause values of different versions as well as definitions for all the Cause values in the GSN receiving Create PDP Context Request messages; 2) after receiving a Create PDP Context Request message, the GSN checking the version number, performing internal processing, and setting a Cause value of the identical version in the Create PDP Context Response message according to the processing result and the version number of the Create PDP Context Request; 3) encapsulating the Create PDP Context Response, and returning it to the sender of the Create PDP Context Request. The processing method of the present invention can avoid possible incompatibility of implementation, have a wider scope of application and prevent the protocol resources from being wasted.

Abstract: A modular wireless Internet access communications system designed to extend broadband 802.3 linear-bus topology up to fifteen miles beyond the physical limits of DSL or cable technologies through the integration of specialized wireless hardware devices, firmware, and protocols.

Abstract: In one example, an optical network access switch includes independent first and second banks of individually selectable optical inputs, as well as independent first and second groups of individually controllable optical outputs. A first multiplexer is connected to the optical inputs of the first bank and the optical outputs of the first group, and a second multiplexer is connected to the optical inputs of the second bank and the optical outputs of the second group. Finally, a configuration interface communicates with the first and second multiplexers and receives a switching command which specifies the connection/disconnection of an optical output to/from an optical input.

Abstract: A telecommunications messaging architecture efficiently routes messages to the appropriate support systems which process the messages. The messaging architecture is a partially merged architecture in which selected previously independent processing systems (e.g., customer relationship management systems) have been merged. Despite the partially merged architecture, a routing system flexibly routes messages between the merged systems and the appropriate supporting systems. The supporting systems may multiple independent billing systems which have not been merged, for example.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the invention provide solutions for converting content, such as audio files and/or streams, video files and/or streams, other data files and/or the like. In an aspect, embodiments of the invention thus provide novel solutions to facilitate the provision of media services to one or more subscribers. In a set of embodiments, for example, media conversion services might be performed according to a subscriber's profile, such that the conversion services can be provided, in some cases, on the fly while providing the media to the subscriber, allowing the subscriber to obtain content in the necessary format without having to specify in each instance the formats in which various content should be provided.

Abstract: To provide a possibility for increasing the speed of operation of a data unit according to forwarding and/or processing of data units by a network device (2) that is connected to a communications network (1b) and wherein at least one management information is assigned to each data unit and wherein the received data unit is stored in a first memory area (8), it is suggested that the method comprises the steps of generating a data frame manage element comprising the management information of the data unit, assigning the data unit to the data frame manage element, and storing the data frame manage element in a second memory area (9).

Abstract: A software architecture for an automation network is disclosed that implements a high level, protocol-independent interface for a network system. The software architecture includes a system layer interface to maintain a protocol-independent interface with a transport layer and an application layer of the automation network. The system layer interface includes command libraries to route data within the network system, a node map to store data related to locations of network nodes, and a bridge table to store data related to network bridges. Using the software architecture, a programmer may not need to understand the network protocols run by nodes within the network system.

Abstract: A method for budgeted learning of link information in a network includes providing a database to contain the link information, for use by an entity connected to the network in transferring traffic over the network, and setting a maximum rate for addition of entries to the database. New entries to be added to the database are determined responsive to the traffic on the network during a learning period. The new entries are added to the database only if the addition of the entries during the learning period has not exceeded the maximum rate.

Abstract: A method for forwarding packet includes: configuring a corresponding relationship between a physical feature and a service feature of a packet; receiving a packet, obtaining the physical feature of the packet; finding the corresponding relationship between the physical feature and the service feature according to the obtained physical feature, and obtaining service feature of the packet; encapsulating the service feature of the packet into the packet and forwarding the packet. In addition, the present invention also discloses an apparatus for forwarding packet. The method and the apparatus of the present invention make it possible for a network device to process a packet directly according to the service feature of the packet, which improves the processing efficiency of the packet, and implement differential services for users, decreases the cost for processing the packet during operation, and improves the service management and service control abilities during operation.

Abstract: A multilayer bridge supports a plurality of bridge protocols for various electronic devices. In one embodiment, the multilayer bridge is implemented as a wireless multilayer bridge, configured to provide the choice of bridge functionality to network devices. The multilayer bridge can be configured to include a plurality of bridge engines, a controller communicatively coupled to the first and second bridge engines, and a data storage device communicatively coupled to the controller and configured to store a bridge selection preference for a network device. The controller can be configured to receive a communication from a device, retrieve a bridge engine choice for the device in the data store, and invoke the bridge engine identified for the device.

Abstract: The invention concerns a communication device (102) and a method (200) for providing a personalized ring-back to a first user of the first communication device (102), when the first user initiates a phone call with a second user of a second communication device (104). In one arrangement, the method can include the steps of detecting (204) reception of a ring-back signal at the first communication device (102) received from a communication network (108), retrieving (206) a multimedia file in the first communication device (102), and playing (208) the multimedia file in the first communication device (102) for at least the duration of the ring-back signal.

Abstract: Packet-aware transport architecture and techniques for implementing same that enhance data volume by scaling effectively to rapid data growth are disclosed. For example, a technique for determining a route for a demand in a circuit-switched network comprises the following steps/operations. The demand to be routed in the circuit-switched network is obtained. The circuit-switched networks implements a packet ring (PR) model such that one or more demands are routable on one or more virtual data rings in the circuit-switched network. An Ethernet-Over-SONET (EOS) communication channel in the circuit-switched network suitable for accommodating the demand is specified. The EOS communication channel or one of the one or more virtual data rings is then identified as the new route for the demand.

Abstract: Managing data traffic among three or more bus agents configured in a topological ring includes numbering each bus agent sequentially and injecting messages that include a binary polarity value from the bus agents into the ring in a sequential order according to the numbering of the bus agents during cycles of bus agent activity. Messages from the ring are received into two or more receive buffers of a receiving bus agent, and the value of the binary polarity value is alternated after succeeding cycles of bus ring activity. The received messages are ordered for processing by the receiving bus agent based on the polarity value of the messages and a time at which each message was received.

Abstract: A network switch is provided that includes a bank of input switches configured to receive variable length data packets; a bank of central switches configured to receive packets from the input switches in a distributed manner; and a bank of output switches configured to receive and output variable length packets from the bank of central switches.

Abstract: A data reception device includes: a reception data buffer unit for storing a plurality of packets contained in a data packet; a reception data amount measuring unit for measuring the data amount stored in the reception data buffer unit; a variable clock generation unit for generating a clock having a variable frequency; a time information output unit for outputting second time information counted in accordance with the frequency of the clock generated by the variable clock generation unit; and a first time information comparison unit for comparing the first time information added to the packets with the second time information outputted from the time information output unit and for controlling the timing of outputting the packet stored in the reception data buffer unit. The reception data amount measuring unit controls the frequency of the clock generated by the variable clock generation unit in accordance with measured values obtained by the reception data amount measuring unit.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a method is provided. The method of this embodiment provides in response to receiving one or more packets on a computing platform, storing each of the one or more packets in a corresponding one of a plurality of receive queues, each of the plurality of receive queues corresponding to one of a plurality of processors on the computing platform; generating an interrupt to an operating system on the computing platform to indicate the presence of one or more packets to be processed; for each of the receive queues having one or more packets to be processed, scheduling a corresponding processing device structure with the operating system; and in response to the operating system processing scheduled transactions, for each of the processing device structures, sending packets from a corresponding receive queue to a corresponding one of the plurality of processors to be processed.

Abstract: A system, method and apparatus for reducing a power consumed by a physical layer device (PHY). A length of a cable connecting the PHY to a link partner is determined. Based on the length, power provided to one or more components of the PHY, or any portion thereof, is reduced. The power provided is reduced while maintaining a level of reliability specified by a protocol governing operation of the PHY. The length can be determined using time-domain reflectometry (TDR) techniques. Any portion of an echo cancellation filter, a crosstalk filter, an equalizer, a precoder, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a forward error correction (FEC) decoder and/or an FEC coder can be powered-down or power-optimized to reduce the overall power consumed by the PHY. The protocol governing operation of the PHY can be IEEE 802.3.

Abstract: Data is transmitted between a first node and at least one second node of an optical networking unit. Data transmission begins at the first node, which polls at least one second node for availability of a data transfer. The polling occurs at a first rate, typically based on a rise and a fall of a clock cycle generated from the first node. Once the first node receives a signal indicating a second node's availability to receive data, the first node sends an initiating signal to the second node and begins transferring data to the at least one available address at twice the first rate used for the polling.

Abstract: A delay of starting up of certain applications may result in improving the overall performance of a system. The applications to be delayed may be placed in a container object or box such that they can be tracked and that other applications dependent on the delayed applications can be appropriately handled.

Abstract: In a communication system, subchannel state information for a plurality of user equipments (UEs) are collected, and a plurality of subchannel state prediction parameter values for the respective UEs are calculated using the subchannel state information. In addition, the communication system allocates at least one subchannel among the plurality of subchannels to a first UE having the highest priority. Subsequently, the communication system determines whether to allocate additional power to the at least one subchannel based on the plurality of subchannel state prediction parameter values, and allocates additional power to a subchannel that needs the additional power among the at least one subchannel.

Abstract: A method is provided for establishing clusters in a distributed data processing environment having a plurality of nodes. The frequency of messages sent for the purpose of cluster formation is selected based on ranking of the nodes. Higher ranking nodes transmit such messages more frequently than lower ranking nodes. Lower ranked nodes thus are provided with an opportunity to join a cluster without first having to transmit their own messages to effectuate the joining.

Abstract: Firmware architecture of active-active fibre channel capability in SAS and SATA is disclosed. In one embodiment, a system includes a processor and a memory connected to the processor having stored therein a conversion firmware to cause the processor to translate between a fibre channel frame and a SATA frame or a SAS frame. In another example embodiment, and article of manufacture is based on a machine readable medium having a machine readable program which may include functions for analyzing and incoming command of an initiator and performing a conversion of the incoming command to a format of an output line, determining whether the incoming command is compatible with the output line, processing the incoming command internally if it is incompatible with the output line by applying and algorithm, and communicating the incoming command to a destination device if it is compatible with the output line.

Abstract: A communication apparatus going to acquire transmission right accepts input of specifying a communication apparatus as a main target of output among other communication apparatuses, and then performs multi-address calling of output data to the other communication apparatuses. At executing output processing on the basis of the output data, the specified communication apparatus executes output processing such as image output and voice output for notifying the fact of being specified. In a system of PoC service or the like where one communication apparatus among a plurality of communication apparatuses acquires transmission right of transmitting voice data, and then performs multi-address calling of voice data to a plurality of the other communication apparatuses, it is avoided that a target person of speech who is a main target of transmission of voice data among all users operating the other communication apparatuses fails to listen to a speech.

Abstract: A method for converting, editing and modifying communication protocol. A computer is connected to a plurality of communication protocol converting modules through a master bus. The plurality of communication protocol converting modules is connected to corresponding slave buses and each of the slave buses is connected to a plurality of devices. The communication protocol-converting module is capable of converting communication protocol, editing and modifying communication commands. The command protocols of the computer and the command protocols of the devices are stored in the communication protocol converting module, whereby the communication protocol converting module has capability for group communication to integrate each independent communication group.

Abstract: Transferring data using peer-to-peer protocols. A method may be practiced, for example, at a computer system in a computer network. The computer network may include one or more networked agents formed into a peer group of peers using at least one peer-to-peer connection. The method includes an act of receiving a computer readable message from a peer-to-peer network. The computer readable message is a centric message enveloped in a peer-to-peer message. The centric message is extracted. The centric message is delivered to an agent configured for centric type communications.

Abstract: A compatible method for multiple spanning tree protocols. A verification module is provided between a standard multiple spanning tree (MST) module and a LLC layer and Ethernet driver module. The verification module executes a reception verification procedure and a transmission verification procedure. The verification module, the standard MST module, and the LLC layer and Ethernet driver module are established in a switch. A bridge protocol data unit (BPDU) is received by the verification module. If the BPDU comes from the LLC layer and Ethernet driver module, the verification procedure is executed for the received BPDU. If the BPDU comes from the standard MST module, the transmission verification procedure is executed for the BPDU.

Abstract: Techniques for managing computational load in real-time communications include receiving usage data on a particular node of a packet-switched network. The usage data indicates an amount of computational resources consumed on that particular node by application layer processes for a first type of data packet. It is determined whether this amount exceeds a threshold amount associated with performance degradation. If it is determined that the amount exceeds the threshold, then a message is sent to a different node on the network. The message includes overload state data that indicates the type of data packets and a reduction request. The reduction request indicates a request to reduce an amount of those type data packets that are sent to the particular node in a particular way. These techniques allow application traffic to be diverted under more specific control than approaches that stop all traffic of all data types to the node.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the identification of correlated burst events among two or more data streams, given one or more specific query time spans are disclosed. Also broadly contemplated is the act of finding, from one or more data streams, those streams that have correlated burst events with another given data stream within a time span.

Abstract: The invention relates to electrical network communications engineering and can be used in systems for automatic data collection from electric, heat, water, gas meters etc. The technical result is significant simplification of the interior structure of slave units increased noise stability of a system. This result is achieved by using zero crossing points of the fundamental harmonic of system supply line voltage as character synchronization events.

Abstract: A communication apparatus repeatedly outputs a first multi-carrier signal SS during predetermined periods T1, T2, T3, . . . , and outputs a second multi-carrier signal RS whose phase vector is different from that of the first multi-carrier signal SS, at a predetermined timing based on the first multi-carrier signal SS. The communication apparatus further detects the second multi-carrier signal RS output from another communication apparatus, which uses a different communication method from the communication apparatus. Accordingly, both communication apparatuses can differentiate the first multi-carrier signal SS from the second multi-carrier signal RS without performing relatively cumbersome modulation and other processes.

Abstract: A network device includes a HomePNA modem and means for synchronizing its clock with clocks of other HomePNA modems in the network in order to communicate at a higher frequency band. In one embodiment, the synchronization is with pilot signals. In another, it is by correcting for clock differences. The upconversions may be via oversampling or via analog mixing. The downconversions may be via subsampling or via analog demixing.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for transparently using otherwise wasted bandwidth associated with variable-rate program streams to deliver additional content. In one embodiment, the network comprises a broadcast switched architecture (BSA), and the program streams are loaded up to a target rate using “null” packets and then delivered over the network infrastructure to a plurality of hub sites. The streams are then unloaded to reproduce the original variable streams, and the bandwidth vacated by removal of the null packets used as the transport mechanism for additional (e.g., non time-sensitive) content to be delivered to the subscribers. The process can also be substantially automated and anticipatory (through, e.g., transmission of null bit insertion data downstream). The invention can also advantageously be implemented with minimal modifications to existing infrastructure, and supports business and operational supervisory processes.

Abstract: A technique for improving the capability of measuring the distance between nodes of a wireless communication network is provided. Technique (800) includes receiving a measured signal, correlating the measured signal with a reference signal to output a measured correlated function, comparing the correlation function to a predetermined reference correlation function, the reference correlation function being based on a predetermined direct path sequence and an estimation of the phase delay of the measured correlated function. A score is assigned to the measured correlation function based on how close the measured correlation function resembles the predetermined reference correlation function. Technique (800) provides improved location accuracy, even in multipath environments, by indicating the quality of the TOA measurement and enabling the selection of a correction mechanism.

Abstract: A packet switching system comprises a first switch and a second switch. The first switch includes a first receive port, a first plurality of transmit ports, a first switch fabric, a first reference clock signal input and a first multicast control symbol input/output port coupled to the first plurality of transmit ports for inputting a multicast control signal to be transmitted. The second switch includes a second receive port, a second plurality of transmit ports a second switch fabric, a second reference clock signal input and a second multicast control symbol input/output port coupled to the second receive port for outputting a received multicast control symbol. In operation, a multicast control symbol is generated in hardware synchronized with a reference clock signal and the multicast control symbol directly to the first plurality of transmit ports.

Abstract: A digital television (DTV) transmitter and a method of processing data in the DTV transmitter/receiver are disclosed. In the DTV transmitter, a pre-processor pre-processes the enhanced data by coding the enhanced data for forward error correction (FEC) and expanding the FEC-coded data. A packet formatter generates one or more groups of enhanced data packets, each enhanced data packet including the pre-processed enhanced data and known data, wherein the data formatter adds burst time information into each group of enhanced data packets. And, a packet multiplexer generates at least one burst of enhanced data by multiplexing the one or more groups of enhanced data packets with at least one main data packet including the main data, each burst of enhanced data including at least one group of enhanced data packets.

Abstract: A laser beam machine for processing an article to be processed with a laser beam from a processing scanner 1 comprised of an optical system employing a laser oscillator 10 . Article position controllers 2a and 2b are controlled in a coordinated manner in accordance with the direction of the laser beam from said processing scanner 1 such that the position of a surface to be processed of the article is controlled to be nearly perpendicular to the direction of the laser beam from the processing scanner 1 . While an article to be processed mounted on one article position controller 2a is being processed and unloaded, another article to be processed can be loaded onto the other article position controller 2b. Thus, the wait time for the laser beam machine can be reduced and production efficiency can be improved.

Abstract: A fiber optic transmitter and the method of using the fiber optic transmitter includes a laser supplied with an input current and which produces a light beam coupled into a fiber. A photodiode detects the intensity of the light beam. A processor performs the steps of sampling the waveform and detecting peaks and valleys of the detected light beam waveform. The processor also tunes the input current based on the relative values of the detected peaks and valleys of the detected light beam waveform.

Abstract: A multiple wavelength laser light source using a fluorescent fiber includes a blue semiconductor laser element (2) for emitting an excitation light (a), and an optical fiber (17) having a first side fiber end face and a second side fiber face, the excitation light (a) from the blue semiconductor laser element (2) being made incident to the first side fiber end face, the excitation light (a) thus made incident to the first side fiber end face being emitted through the second side fiber face, in which the optical fiber (17) has dichroic mirror portions constituting a laser resonator (3) in its first and second side fiber end faces, respectively, and a core of the optical fiber (17) is made of a wavelength-converting member including a low phonon glass containing therein at least praseodymium ions as trivalent rare earth ions for emitting wavelength conversion lights by being excited by the excitation light (a).

Abstract: A laser device emits a higher harmonic wave of multi-longitudinal mode laser light and is capable of realizing higher efficiency and higher performance in a simple and economical fashion. The laser device includes a light source formed from a semiconductor laser emitting a fundamental wave in multi-longitudinal mode, and a wavelength converting element formed from a polarization inversion element provided with two or more of polarization inversion regions, and each region has a period ? that corresponds to the longitudinal mode constructing the fundamental wave, and the higher harmonic wave obtained by the polarization inversion element is in multi-longitudinal mode.

Abstract: Optical systems configured for both changing the length of a laser pulse and operating as an optical isolator are disclosed. In some embodiments, optical isolation is achieve contemporaneously with laser pulse expansion or compression by using a grating based compressor or expander as one of the polarization elements of the optical isolator. In some embodiments, optical isolation is achieved contemporaneously with laser pulse expansion or compression by using a mode converter and a Bragg fiber as one of the polarization elements of the optical isolator. In some embodiments, a sub-wavelength polarizer including magnetic garnet is included in the optical isolator.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solid state intra-cavity absorption spectrometer comprising a solid-state gain device interspersed in an array of oscillators in a chamber to produce a wide area coherent high power source of Terahertz radiation. The source is then partitioned into two separate regions, one having a gain medium and one having a sample chamber that can be held a different pressure and is chemically isolated from the gain region thereby forming an intra-cavity absorption spectrometer.

Abstract: In accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention, a manufacturing system includes a factory system and a field system. The factory system includes a first mount configured to receive, support, and precisely locate a removable line replaceable unit (LRU) having one or more components at a first factory LRU station within the factory system. The received LRU components are capable of adjustment to configure proper operation of the received LRU within the factory system. The field system corresponds to the factory system and includes a second mount configured to receive, support, and precisely locate an LRU removed from the factory system at a first field LRU station corresponding to the first factory LRU station. The removed and received LRU is configured for proper operation within the field system without adjustment of the one or more LRU components.

Abstract: A miniaturized laser package includes a modern LDP, modified to accept a solid state microchip assembly pumped by the diode laser. The microchip assembly is added to standard LDPs containing laser diodes mounted on heatsinking shelves by affixing a second shelf to mount and heatsink the microchip assembly. Standard packages described in the invention include 9 mm and 5.6 mm packages, all of which are characterized by small dimensions, well sealed housing, robust mounting features, known characterized materials, economical production, and assembly techniques characteristic of the semiconductor processing industry.

Abstract: A gallium nitride (GaN) based light emitting diode (LED), wherein light is extracted through a nitrogen face (N-face) (42) of the LED and a surface of the N-face (42) is roughened into one or more hexagonal shaped cones. The roughened surface reduces light reflections occurring repeatedly inside the LED, and thus extracts more light out of the LED. The surface of the N-face (42) is roughened by an anisotropic etching, which may comprise a dry etching or a photo-enhanced chemical (PEC) etching.

Abstract: A nitride semiconductor laser element, comprises a substrate, a nitride semiconductor layer laminated over said substrate and having a ridge on its surface, and an electrode, wherein a first protective film is formed so that an air gap is located on at least part of the region extending from the side of the ridge to the surface of the nitride semiconductor layer on both sides of said ridge.

Abstract: At each side of a ridge stripe 110, a trench is formed as a region carved relative to a wafer surface so that, at the time of cleaving, a surface irregularity that develops at a mirror facet near an active layer is prevented from reaching the ridge stripe 110.