Abstract: A resistive touch screen, comprising: a) a substrate; b) a first conductive layer located on the substrate; c) a flexible cover sheet having integral compressible spacer dots; and d) a second conductive layer located on the flexible cover sheet between and over the integral spacer dots, and having localized areas of lower conductivity over the integral compressible spacer dots relative to the conductivity of the conductive layer located on the flexible cover sheet between the integral spacer dots.

Abstract: A multi-stage button switch includes a body, an elastic element and a compression element. The compression element has an integrated flexible harness arm. The body has a track zone and a harness portion which is formed with a selected geometric shape to define the moving path of the compression element that includes a start position, a first stage compression position, a compressed position and a second stage compression position in this order. The button switch thus formed consists of fewer elements, is simply structured and can be fabricated and assembled easily.

Abstract: A wire cutting device for an electrical discharge machining (EDM) machine with a wire draw-off device, which moves a wire electrode along a feed direction into a cutting zone of the EDM machine; and with a deflection unit in order to deflect the wire electrode running in the feed direction into the cutting zone from the feed direction into a cutting area, in which at least one cutting edge acts on the wire electrode in the cutting area in order to cut it.

Abstract: Among the embodiments of the present invention, are apparatus, systems, and methods for managing energetic charged particles emitted nearly isotropically from a fusion device. One apparatus of the present invention includes a fusion device in a container and an electric current carrying winding disposed about the container to provide a magnetic field to direct charged particles generated by the device. A pair of electric current carrying coils are positioned within the container to control the strength of the magnetic field in a region between these coils, such that effects on fusion plasma can be minimized. In other forms, charged particles provided from a fusion device are directed along a magnetic channel to an energy converter to provide electric power. One such form includes a magnetic expander and an electron-ion separator to provide a net electric current.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a plasma processing apparatus that introduces a process gas into an airtight processing container, that applies a radio frequency power to generate plasma, and that conducts a plasma process to an object to be processed arranged in the processing container. The plasma processing apparatus includes: an electrode unit arranged in the processing container, the electrode unit having an electrode for applying the radio frequency power, and a space portion arranged in the electrode unit, the space portion insulating the electrode and the processing container from each other. The space portion communicates with atmospheric air outside the processing container.

Abstract: The invention relates to a protective cap for at least one contact pipe of a welding torch, the pipe or pipes having a respective bore for guiding and contacting a respective welding rod that is fed through the pipe or pipes. The cap comprises a housing consisting of or coated with a poor electrically conductive material, for receiving the contact pipe and a bore, which allows the welding rod to emerge. The aim of the invention is to increase the service life of a contact pipe or a welding torch comprising at least one contact pipe of this type. To achieve this, at least two openings are provided in the housing for receiving at least two contact pipes and each opening is connected to one respective bore in the housing for receiving at least two contact pipes and each opening is connected to one respective bore in the housing. Each bore is positioned in such a way that it corresponds with the course of the welding rod in the contact pipe, once the protective cap has been mounted.

Abstract: A substrate holder for supporting a substrate in a processing system and controlling the temperature thereof is described. The substrate holder comprises a first heating element positioned in a first region for elevating the temperature of the first region. A second heating element positioned in a second region is configured to elevate the temperature in the second region. Furthermore, a first controllably insulating element is positioned below the first heating element, and is configured to control the transfer of heat between the substrate and at least one cooling element positioned therebelow in the first region. A second controllably insulating element is positioned below the second heating element and is configured to control the transfer of heat between the substrate and at least one cooling element positioned therebelow in the second region.

Abstract: In some instances, ice can form on the surface of a compressor airfoil. If the ice dislodges, it can impact and damage other compressor components. Aspects of the invention relate to systems for detecting the presence of ice or water on a compressor vane during engine operation. A ceramic insulating coating can be deposited on a portion of the surface of the vane. A heater and a thermocouple can be provided near the outermost surface of the coating such that the thermocouple can sense heat from the heater. The heater and the thermocouple can be provided within the coating. The presence of water film and/or ice on the coating surface can be detected by taking a thermocouple measurement following a heater pulse. The presence of a water film or ice results in a delay in the temperature rise detected by the thermocouple.

Abstract: A battery operated heated jacket, with removable body and sleeves and hood, the jacket with a removable liner, the liner further detachable from itself at the attachment of the sleeves and the hood, the attachment comprised of quick connects, the jacket comprised of a pocket containing a control box, the box containing a microprocessor, power source, heating controls, and media player, the hood comprised of earphones communicating with the media player, a detachable wire connecting the media player to the headphones.

Abstract: A heatable external rearview mirror including a mirror housing for attachment to the vehicle and a mirror pane with a reflecting surface carried in the housing. A heating element is located adjacent the mirror pane for heating the pane to remove precipitation. A thermochromic heating indicator is provided in heat conducting contact with at least one of the heating element and the mirror pane that reacts to temperature changes for detecting heating of the mirror pane by the heating element and providing a visual indication of the operation of the heating element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a stove for producing denture and or the parts thereof comprising a combustion chamber and a heating device which is arranged therein and provided with a heating spiral consisting of an appropriate resistance wire and a support for the heating spiral. The aim of said invention is to better use the heating energy and make it possible to easily replace the heating device. For this purpose, the heating spiral is arranged on the external part of the support.

Abstract: A cooking appliance includes a cooktop having a heating zone including an associated heating element, as well as a control element for setting a desired cooking temperature for the heating zone. When the control element is rotated from a home position across a temperature adjustment zone in a first direction, the heating element is operated at a low voltage setting and, when the control element is rotated from the home position in a second direction, the heating element is operated at a second, higher voltage setting. The control element includes a rotary shaft coupled to a voltage selector and an infinite control switch. With this arrangement, a consumer can cook delicate food items at infinitely adjustable low power cooking settings, as well as cook at a substantially infinite number of higher power settings, through the use of a single control element.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for controlling the operating conditions of a probe (11) associated with means purifying (7) exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine (2), which consists in comparing an output signal of the probe with a reference value, and in acting on the probe (11) to decrease a difference between the output signal (S1) and the reference value.

Abstract: An electric heating element is provided with a durable PTC resistance made at least partially of an iron-based alloy, exhibiting stable characteristics to a temperature of 1500 DEG C. and having a resistance/temperature characteristic curve which substantially increases in a linear manner within a temperature range between an ambient temperature and 1500 DEG C. and can be used for a temperature control. The PCT resistance is provided with an oxidation resistant metallization or is gas-tightly enveloped by a jacket (2, 3, 12), a space between the jacket (2, 3, 12) and the PCT resistance (1,13) being filled with a powder or granules (14) which remove an important gas amount from the space.

Abstract: A golf ball heating appliance for heating 4 or more golf balls to an average temperature of between 40° C. and 55° C. during an active heating period of 30 minutes or less has a lower thermally conductive and an upper non-thermally conductive receptacle for receiving a plurality of golf balls and includes an electrical heating element capable of delivering at least 4 watts of power per ball during the active heating period.

Abstract: The modular heated cover is disclosed with a first pliable outer layer and a second pliable outer layer, wherein the outer layers provide durable protection in an outdoor environment, an electrical heating element between the first and the second outer layers, the electrical heating element configured to convert electrical energy to heat energy, and a thermal insulation layer positioned above the active electrical heating element. Beneficially, such a device provides radiant heat, weather isolation, temperature insulation, and solar heat absorption efficiently and cost effectively. The modular heated cover quickly and efficiently removes ice, snow, and frost from surfaces, and penetrates soil and other material to thaw the material to a suitable depth. A plurality of modular heated covers can be connected on a single 120 Volt circuit protected by a 20 Amp breaker.

Abstract: A metal sheathed heater utilizes splice connections that connects ends of a heater cable with ends of a lead wire. Each splice connection has a connector that connects core wires of the lead wires and heater cable together. Heat shrinkable tubing surrounds the connector and ends of the heater cable and lead wires. An adhesive is interposed between the heat shrinkable tubing and heater cable and lead wire ends to bond with the heat shrinkable tubing and complete the splice connection. The metal sheath of the heater can be formed with an enlarged diameter portion to account for the heat shrinkable tubing surrounding the lead wire and heater cable ends.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a heat generating device formed of heat generating diaphragm plates comprises an electrically conducting supporting frame and a plurality of heat generating diaphragm plates. The supporting frame consists of two coupled supporting plates facing against each other with a predetermined spacing, surfaces on the two supporting plates opposite to each other are respectively provided with several insertion slots whose wall surfaces are coated to form electrode terminals such that when the heat generating diaphragm plates are inserted into the insertion slots, an electrical connection is formed among silver solders provided at both terminals of each heat generating diaphragm plate and the electrodes formed on the insertion slots thereby completing a heat generating device capable of adjusting heat generation capacity.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to prevent temperature decrease in a border portion of each of heating coils and to enable to eliminate an influence given by the change in a load state. In order to attain this object, an induction heating unit according to the present invention is provided with control units respectively corresponding to a plurality of heating units. A phase detector of the control unit obtains a phase difference between an output current (heating coil current) of an inverter detected by a current transformer reference signal outputted by a reference signal generating section, and inputs it to a drive control section. The drive control section adjusts an output timing (phase) of a gate pulse to be given to the inverter so as to make a phase of the heating coil current of the inverter coincide with a phase of the reference signal outputted by the reference signal generating section.

Abstract: A rectangular microwave applicator operating at a predetermined frequency and comprising a microwave enclosure forming a cavity having first and second transverse dimensions and a longitudinal dimension n the direction of propagation of microwave energy, wherein said dimensions are such that a main power-transferring Teym1n mode with a long vertical wavelength is enhanced, and a significant amplitude of a complementary Teym2n mode is created, wherein m1, m2 and n are positive odd integers and m2 and n are both less or equal to m1-2.

Abstract: A microwave or radio frequency device including an applicator for receiving an object to be processed, and a plurality of generators supplying power to the applicator via propagation guides. According to the invention, three propagation guides propagating the microwaves or radio frequencies generated by three respective generators are mounted on three respective plates defining a three-dimensional rectangular axis system, and symmetrical relative to a ternary axis of symmetry of the axis system, whereby the generators supplying power to the applicator are mutually decoupled. The three propagation guides have a rectangular cross-section and are mounted on respective plates in such a way that the short sides of the rectangular cross-section of said guides are orthogonal in pairs, or are coaxial cables extending in a longitudinal propagation direction perpendicular to the plates with one exposed end thereof extending into the applicator.

Abstract: An oscillation control signal generated by an inverter power source control circuit (12) includes a reference voltage setting signal for approximating the current waveform of the AC output form the AC power source (1) to a sinusoidal wave by making both sides of the waveform generate current according to the fluctuation of the PWM control signal, and a waveform shaping signal consisting of a peak adjustment signal of a sinusoidal waveform for approximating the waveform peak portion of the current waveform to a sinusoidal wave by subtraction. Accordingly, even if the PWM control signal fluctuates, it is possible to automatically improve the power factor of the power source circuit to a value higher than a predetermined value by approximating the current waveform of the AC output from the AC power source to the sinusoidal wave, thereby improving the efficiency of the power source.

Abstract: A method of determining at least one optical property of a projection exposure system is described, wherein the exposure system includes a beam delivery system having a light source for generating an exposure optical beam having light of a first wavelength (?1) and a second wavelength (?2), wherein a first ratio is defined as an intensity of light ?2 to an intensity of light ?1 in the exposure optical beam. The method includes supplying at least one measuring optical beam including light of at least ?1 to the projection optical system, detecting wavefronts having traversed the projection optical system, and determining an optical property in dependence of the detected wavefronts, wherein a second ratio of an intensity of light of ?2 to an intensity of light of ?1 in the measuring optical beam being incident on the detector of the wavefront detection system is less than the first ratio.

Abstract: A ground based launch detection system consisting of a sensor grid of electro-optical sensors for detecting the launch of a threat missile which targets commercial aircraft in proximity to a commercial airport or airfield. The electro-optical sensors are configured in a wireless network which broadcast threat lines to neighboring sensors with overlapping field of views. When a threat missile is verified, threat data is sent to a centrally located processing facility which determines which aircraft in the vicinity are targets and send a dispense countermeasure signal to the aircraft.

Abstract: A light source and method for making the same are disclosed. The light source includes a plurality of LEDs mounted on a substrate and a sensor for measuring light from the LEDs. Each LED emits light having a different spectrum from the other LEDs, the average intensity of light from that LED being determined by a drive signal coupled to that LED. The sensor generates a plurality of signals, each signal being characterized by a sensor value that is proportional to the intensity of light emitted by a corresponding one of the LEDs. A controller generates the drive signals and stores a current target value for each LED. The drive signals for each of the LEDs is generated such that the sensor value for that LED matches the stored current target value for that LED.

Abstract: A sensing arrangement (12) is described. The arrangement comprises: a moveable object (80) including a plurality of marker portions (112) disposed in a calibrated configuration, each marker portion (112) being capable of emitting light in response to stimulation. The arrangement also includes a light source (42) directed towards the marker portions (112) and for causing light emission therefrom. An imaging device (44) is directed towards the marker portions (112) and includes an array of light-detecting elements for sensing light emitted from the marker portions (112) to generate image data. A processor (52), in communication with the imaging device (44), analyses image data received from the imaging device (44) to determine the location of the moveable object (80) based on the calibrated configuration.

Abstract: A solid state image pickup device having: a semiconductor substrate having a light receiving area; a number of pixels formed in the light receiving area of the semiconductor substrate in a matrix shape, each of the pixels having a main photosensitive field having a relatively large area and a subsidiary photosensitive field having a relatively small area; a main color filter array formed above the semiconductor substrate and covering at least the main photosensitive fields in register with the respective pixels; and a micro lens array formed on the color filter array and covering at least the main photosensitive fields in register with the respective pixels, wherein an image signal can be selectively picked up from either one of the main and subsidiary photosensitive fields. A solid state image pickup device having a high resolution can be provided.

Abstract: There is disclosed an image reading apparatus having an image sensor unit. The image sensor unit may include a number of photodiode arrays. The photodiode arrays may have different qualities and the output of the photodiode arrays may be processed differently. Output of the photodiode arrays may be mixed to improve image qualities.

Abstract: A solid-state image sensing device comprising: a silicon substrate; a photoelectric conversion layer provided for absorbing a green light component to generate optical charge; and photodiodes provided in a shallow portion and in a deep portion respectively in a depth direction of the silicon substrate, wherein the solid-state image sensing device further comprises a trimming layer provided between the photoelectric conversion layer and the silicon substrate for adjusting intensity of each of respective color light components of the light which is transmitted through the photoelectric conversion layer so as to be made incident on the photodiodes.

Abstract: An assembly is provided that may be used in high data rate optical communications, such as free-space communication systems. The assembly may include a main optical receiver element and a lenslet array or other optical element disposed near the focal plane that collects an optical signal and focuses that signal as a series of optical signal portions onto a photodetector array, formed of a series of InGaAs photodiodes, for example. The electrical signals from the photodetectors may be amplified using high bandwidth transimpedance amplifiers connected to a summing amplifier or circuit that produces a summed electrical signal. Alternatively, the electrical signals may be summed initially and then amplified via a transimpedance amplifier. The assembly may be used in remote optical communication systems, including free-space laser communication environments, to convert optical signals up to or above 1 Gbit/s or higher data rates into electrical signals at 1 Gbit/s or higher data rates.

Abstract: Methods for utilizing optical systems in order to introduce digitally tunable amounts of temporal dispersion into optical signals and methods and systems for providing angular dispersion compensated output from optical switching/routing systems.

Abstract: The device for detecting surface defects on the outer wall (2) of a transparent or translucent object (3), comprises: a broad light source (4), adapted to send a light beam (5) onto a surface of the wall (2), a linear sensor (8) for measuring light beams, arranged to collect the light beam (9) reflected by a linear zone of the wall (2), illuminated by the light source (4), means (12) ensuring relative movement between the object and the light source (4) and the linear measuring sensor (8), to move the linear measuring zone over the wall (2) of the object to cover the surface to be inspected, and a unit (15) for analysing and processing the light beams, received by the measuring sensor (8), for creating an image and to identify within the image the presence of a surface defect corresponding to a dark area.

Abstract: A signal adjusting apparatus includes a movable member, a setting device, and a prohibiting device. The movable member is movable in a movable range to have the electrical signal adjusted in accordance with a position of the movable member. The setting device sets a prohibition range in the movable range. The prohibition range is a range where a volume level of the electrical signal is to be constant. The prohibiting device prohibits the volume level from being adjusted under the state that the movable member is located in the prohibition range.

Abstract: A device is provided having a housing with a housing wall consisting of a non-transparent plastic with an outer surface and an inner surface; and an operating mode display unit with at least one light-emitting element which is/are located inside the housing, underneath the inner surface of the housing wall. The housing wall has at least one recess in the area of the light-emitting element and the light intensity of the at least one light-emitting element is adjusted in such a way that in its light-emitting mode, said at least one light-emitting element is only optically perceptible in a localizable manner through the housing wall in this area.

Abstract: The present invention relates to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) in which a collision cell is employed to selectively remove unwanted artefact ions from an ion beam by causing them to interact with a reagent gas. The present invention provides a first evacuated chamber (6) at high vacuum located between an expansion chamber (3) and a second evacuated chamber (20) containing the collision cell (24). The first evacuated chamber (6) includes a first ion optical device (17). The collision cell (24) contains a second ion optical device (25). The provision of the first evacuated chamber (6) reduces the gas load on the collision cell (24), by minimising the residual pressure within the collision cell (24) that is attributable to the gas load from the plasma source (1). This serves to minimise the formation, or re-formation, of unwanted artefact ions in the collision cell (24).

Abstract: A programmed computer analyzes data from a mass spectrometer. A spectrum corresponding to an unknown sample is perturbed in various ways, and each perturbed spectrum is compared with the spectrum of a known or reference substance. The perturbed spectrum having the highest correlation with the known spectrum, and which is also physically plausible, is considered to be the best fit. The method indicates in what specific ways the unknown sample differs from, or is similar to, the known substance.

Abstract: An orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight (oa-TOF) mass spectrometer has an ion source producing ions, a first region of a low degree of vacuum, an ion reservoir, and a second region of a high degree of vacuum. A space for transporting the ions produced by the ion source is placed in the first region. The ion reservoir accelerates the ions transported in from the first region in a pulsed manner and extracts the ions. A time-of-flight mass analyzer for mass separating the ions extracted from the ion reservoir is disposed in the second region, together with the ion reservoir. An isolation valve is mounted in a hole that places the first and second regions in communication with each other to permit the first and second regions to be isolated from each other.

Abstract: The present application provides systems and/or methods for accessing a portion of a mass-fragment spectrum, constructing a vector that is responsive to an intensity-balance of the spectrum, and selecting the spectrum responsive to the vector.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer adopting a differential pumping system includes an ionization chamber with substantially atmospheric pressure, two intermediate vacuum chambers, and a mass analyzing chamber with a very low pressure (or a very high vacuum), where the pressures of these chambers are in the order of higher to lower. A hole is provided in every wall between two adjoining chambers for allowing ions to be mass analyzed to pass through. An auxiliary electrode with an aperture is placed near the hole, and an AC voltage is applied to the auxiliary electrode. Owing to an AC electric field generated by the AC voltage around the hole, an ion coming near the hole is exerted with such a force that confines the ion to the ion optical axis C. Under these circumstances, even when the ion collides with a residual gas molecule or atom and is deflected away from the ion optical axis, the confining force exerted by the electric field pulls the ion back toward the ion optical axis.

Abstract: System for control of ion species behavior in a time-varying filter field of an ion mobility-based spectrometer to improve species identification, based on control of electrical and environmental aspects of sample analysis.

Abstract: A system for inspecting a pattern shape operates to detect secondary electrons from a specimen by irradiation of a focused electron beam and perform arithmetic processing on this detected signal. The detected signal waveform is divided into a plurality of regions on the basis of a variation of the signal quantity. The size of the divided regions is used for quantitative evaluation of a three dimensional shape of the specimen. This system, especially by displaying measurement results of the pattern shape for each divided signal waveform (bottom width in the final shape, resist bottom width, etching shift quantity, and etching slope-angle component by the exposure), permits an easy check on which a component varies and how the component varies in all shape variations. With this arrangement, a pattern cross section information effective in determining etching process conditions can be acquired using images by an in-line SEM capable of nondestructive observation.

Abstract: A charged particle beam system and scanning control method capable of imaging, and possibly editing, a device under test (DUT). The charged particle beam system contains a charged particle beam generation unit, such as a focused ion beam (FIB) column, which emits a charged particle beam onto the DUT. Also included is a scan controller arrangement implementing a finite state machine to control the application of the charged particle beam onto the DUT according to a plurality of scanning control parameters. The scanning control parameters may describe one or more scan regions that are rectangular in shape. Further, the parameters may describe one or more scan regions describing other shapes by way of a bit-map. Similarly, a method for controlling the scanning of a charged particle beam that involves obtaining a set of scanning control parameters, and then directing the charged particle beam as specified by the scanning control parameters by way of a finite state machine, is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for matching a first measurement method for measuring structure widths of trapezoidally tapering structures on a substrate wafer to a second measurement method for measuring the structure widths. This is performed in order to obtain measured values for the structure width which are comparable with one another. The second measurement method is suitable for measuring a second structure width at an unknown second height above the surface of the substrate, and the first measurement method is suitable for measuring a first structure width at a first height, the first height being settable.

Abstract: A method of visualizing a sample in a wet environment including introducing a sample into a specimen enclosure in a wet environment and scanning the sample in the specimen enclosure in a scanning electron microscope, thereby visualizing the sample.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for measuring a three-dimensional profile using a SEM, capable of accurately measuring the three-dimensional profile of even a flat surface or a nearly vertical surface based on the inclination angle dependence of the amount of secondary electron image signal detected by the SEM. Specifically, a tilt image obtaining unit obtains a tilt image (a tilt secondary electron image) I(2) of flat regions a and c1 on a pattern to be measured by using an electron beam incident on the pattern from an observation direction ?(2). Then, profile measuring units presume the slope (or surface inclination angle) at each point on the pattern based on the obtained tilt image and integrate successively each presumed slope value (or surface inclination angle value) to measure three-dimensional profiles S2a and S2c. This arrangement allows a three-dimensional profile to be accurately measured.

Abstract: The invention is a method and apparatus for the detection of terahertz radiation. In one embodiment, frequency modulated spectroscopy is performed on a swept source of coherent far infrared electromagnetic radiation that is focused on a target. A beam of radiation passes through a cell in which the target is housed, losing energy as certain frequencies are absorbed by contaminants in the target. A detector is positioned to determine how much energy is lost by the radiation (e.g., which frequencies fail to transmit through the cell), thereby indicating the presence of contaminants in the target.

Abstract: A device for use with a source of radiation to provide a THz emission image representing a sample. The device comprises a substrate, a metallic probe having a tip adjacent to the substrate surface and a source of AC bias coupled between the probe tip and substrate. Radiation generated by the source of radiation is incident on the substrate surface in the vicinity of the probe tip and generates THz emission based at least on the AC bias coupled between the probe tip and substrate. A method for providing a THz emission image representing a sample is also provided.

Abstract: Method and arrangement for implementing a system (10) for providing multi-angular SPECT radiation sampling utilizing slant-angle collimation. The system (10) includes a collimator (13) positioned between a radiating mass (19) within a patient (60) and a radiation detector (21). The collimator (13) is spaced apart from a translational path (25) of the radiating mass (19) at a predefined distance (24). A plurality of apertures (27) extend through the collimator (13) and each forms a passageway (28) for radiation rays (20) emanating from the radiating mass (19) in a direction substantially aligned with a longitudinal axis (29) of the respective passageway (29) and in this manner enables the aligned radiation rays (20) to strike the radiation detector (21).

Abstract: A semiconductor chip S is formed with a plurality of photodiodes PD and comprises a plurality of output terminals T of the photodetector elements provided on the surface thereof. The circuit substrate C comprises a plurality of input terminals I to which signals from the output terminals T of the semiconductor chip S are input. The connecting means CM connects the respective output terminals T to respective input terminals I, and the interval between the input terminals I is set to a smaller dimension than the interval between the output terminals T.

Abstract: A ceramic scintillator comprises a sintered body of a lutetium oxysulfide phosphor containing at least one element selected from Pr, Tb and Eu as an activator. The sintered body of a lutetium oxysulfide phosphor contains 5 to 15 ppm of an alkali metal element and 5 to 40 ppm of phosphorus. Such a ceramic scintillator can sufficiently make use of the intrinsic characteristics of the lutetium oxysulfide phosphor and has good sensitivity in X-ray detection even when it is downsized.