Abstract: Chewing gum formulations including sodium bicabornate and encapsulated aspartame are disclosed. Methods of manufacturing chewing gum are also disclosed.

Abstract: A centerfill chewing gum composition having a shell portion and a centerfill portion, the centerfill portion containing an effective amount of a calcium-containing compound suspended therein.

Abstract: The present application discloses a process for making mushroom wine.

Abstract: Food products and methods of production, specifically RTE cereals of reduced density and enhanced perceived sweetness and methods of production are provided. The present invention relates to RTE cereals of reduced density and enhanced perceived sweetness without increasing the amount of total sugar of the cereal piece. By reducing the amount of sugar in the base cereal mix and adding a substantially equivalent amount as a coating, the cereal piece exhibits reduced density and enhanced perceived sweetness.

Abstract: A draught beverage 170 which may be alcoholic or non-alcoholic, for example a lager or cider in an open-topped drinking vessel or glass 172. The beverage comprises a water content and dissolved gas content. The draught beverage is dispensed from a font at a cooled temperature below the freezing point of water at ambient atmospheric pressure. The dispense temperature may be in the range of ?1° C. to ?12° C. The beverage in the glass may or may not be subjected to external excitement energy, for example ultra-sound, to encourage formation of nucleation sites in the beverage. Either way dissolved gas bubbles out of the beverage causing occurrence of nucleation sites at which ice 188A, 188B from the water content forms. At least in part the ice has a slushy character. A head 174 also forms on the dispensed draught beverage and below the head the ice 188A, 188B locates and develops downwards into the beverage.

Abstract: A system for treating meat by the application of a shock wave to the meat while the meat is in contact with a diaphragm which is substantially transparent to the shockwave, confines the meat within a tunnel. In addition, the diaphragm and shock wave generating chamber are preferably disposed above the meat.

Abstract: A palatability enhancing composition for extruded pet food containing at least one tripolyphosphate salt in an amount effective to enhance palatability and at least one ingredient selected from meat products, meat by-products, fish products, fish by-products, dairy products, dairy by-products, sources of microbial proteins, vegetable proteins, carbohydrates and amino acids. Methods for enhancing pet food palatability with the disclosed palatability enhancing compositions and extruded pet food compositions coated therewith are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing a smoke extract, which method comprises the steps of i) preparing a char from wood or cellulose preferably by pyrolysis, ii) extracting one or more fractions of the char with an extraction solvent in its supercritical state and/or an extraction solvent in its liquid state, said solvent in its supercritical state being selected from the group consisting of CO2, propane, methane, ethylene, ammonia, methanol, water and mixtures of one or more of these solvents, said solvent in its liquid state being selected from the group consisting of CO2, propane and mixtures of these components, iii) collecting at least some of the extracted char to thereby obtain a smoke extract.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel amino acid derivative, and a salt for thereof. The present invention further provides a sweetening agent and a food or beverage, which contains the novel amino acid derivative of the present invention to increase the sweetness of the same.

Abstract: The present invention advances prior art animal food products by providing an animal food product formulated with Garicinia mangostana L., or Mangosteen fruit, from the Mangosteen plant. The addition of Mangosteen to the animal food product of the present invention serves to provide significant health advantages not found in prior art animal food products.

Abstract: A paint spray gun and range finder for positioning the gun with respect to a target surface to be sprayed. The range finder provides a user of the gun with information about the distance between the gun and the target surface, with different indications when the gun is too close, too far or distanced properly from the target surface to be sprayed. A visual or acoustic range finder provides visual or audible indications of the proximity of the gun to the target surface. One range finder has either a single laser diode and a beam splitter or a pair of laser diodes providing a pair of collimated optical beams which indicate distance to the target surface by the relative location of a pair of illuminated spots on the target surface. The spots may be offset when the gun is at the desired distance to the target surface.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a coated sheet that may form a coated layer having a uniform film thickness by a coating liquid even when a substrate has a large area. A method for manufacturing a coated sheet to form a coated layer by a process including a process (1) for coating a coating liquid including a resin material and a solvent on a substrate, and a drying process (2) for drying a coated liquid, wherein a value L obtained in drying process (2) satisfies a following relationship; L = ? 0 T ? ? ? [ mN / m ] × ( h ? [ m ] ) 3 ? ? [ mPa · sec ] ? ? ? t > 1.9 × 10 - 13 ? [ m 4 / sec ] (where: T: total period of drying process [sec]; ?: surface tension of coated liquid [mN/m]; h: thickness of coated liquid [m]; and ?: viscosity of coated liquid [mPa·sec]).

Abstract: An improved nozzle for use in kinetic spray systems is disclosed. The nozzle includes a supersonic portion comprising a tubular section and a flow regulator. A portion of the flow regulator is received in the tubular portion. The flow regulator includes a biconical flow concentrator that allows one to create very small dimension coatings on substrates. Using the present nozzle enables one to create spot coatings and very narrow width line coatings that find use in electrical components.

Abstract: A process for forming a beta-phase nickel aluminide (NiAl) overlay coating that is suitable for use as a bond coat for a thermal barrier coating (TBC). The overlay coating is deposited by a method that produces a generally columnar grain structure in which grains extend through the coating such that at least some grain boundaries are open at the coating surface. The coating is then peened with a particulate media, followed by heating the overlay coating to a temperature sufficient to cause the overlay coating to recrystallize and form new grain boundaries that are not open to the outer surface of the coating and significantly less susceptible to accelerated oxidation than the original grain boundaries. The particulate media is formed of a composition containing nickel and aluminum, such that an oxide scale that forms on the surface of the coating after the peening operation is substantially free of deleterious oxide compounds, notably iron-containing spinels.

Abstract: A method of retrofitting a finished shoe to provide additional cushioning material. The method includes: providing a curable composition; providing the finished shoe; placing the curable composition directly on at least a portion of the finished shoe that is configured to contact a wearer's body when the finished shoe is being worn; and allowing the curable composition to cure and form a cushioning material adapted to facilitate wearing of the finished shoe with increased comfort.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for zinc plating a meter set assembly used in gas delivery applications, wherein a zinc plating is applied to a steel substrate formed in the configuration of a meter bar. Once the zinc plating is applied through electrodeposition, the meter set assembly is then outgassed in an oven as by curing at 425°-475° F. for 20-35 minutes to drive away any gasses that may be trapped within the zinc coating. Following the outgassing process, a polyester powder coating is applied to the external surfaces of the meter bar.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for protecting electrical power transmissions systems that may or may not be energized. A two part resin composition acting as a dielectric material is distributed on electrical power systems at a location close to the transmissions systems. The dielectric material has dielectric properties suitable for protecting the desired areas in the solid form and that allow for safe application in the liquid form. The dielectric material can be distributed before installation of the electric lines or can be retrofitted to existing installations.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for surface treating metal pipes includes introducing a treatment liquid into a first distribution chamber having a flat bottom surface, and dropping the treatment liquid onto at least a portion of the outer peripheral surface of the metal pipe through a plurality of holes formed in the bottom surface of the first distribution chamber. Preferably, a distance between the bottom surface of the first distribution chamber and the metal pipe is maintained constant as the outer diameter of the pipe varies. The treatment liquid may be introduced into a second distribution chamber having a flat bottom surface, and the treatment liquid may then be introduced into the first distribution chamber through a plurality of holes formed in the bottom surface of the second distribution chamber. It is possible for the first distribution chamber to simultaneously drop the treatment liquid onto at least two metal pipes.

Abstract: An actinic radiation curable composition, comprising a photo-acid generating agent selected from the group consisting of sulfonium represented by General Formulas (I)–(III).

Abstract: An active ray curable ink-jet ink composition comprising a photo-induced acid generating agent containing an onium salt which does not generate benzene under active ray radiation, and a photopolymerizable compound containing a compound having an oxetane ring in the molecule.

Abstract: A chemical vapor deposition process is carried out in a reactor chamber with an ion shower grid that divides the chamber into an upper ion generation region and a lower process region, the ion shower grid having plural orifices oriented in a non-parallel direction relative to a surface plane of the ion shower grid. A workpiece is placed in the process region facing the ion shower grid, the workpiece having a workpiece surface generally facing the surface plane of the ion shower grid. A gas mixture is furnished comprising deposition precursor species into the ion generation region and the process region is evacuated at an evacuation rate sufficient to create a pressure drop across the ion shower grid from the ion generation region to the process region whereby the pressure in the ion generation region is at least several times the pressure in the process region.

Abstract: A frequency control circuit (45) controls an oscillation frequency of a second high frequency power source 51 based on a phase difference between a voltage component and a current component measured by a phase difference sensor (41) and an input impedance to an impedance matching device (34) measured by an impedance sensor (42). An amplitude control circuit (44) controls a level of a high frequency electricity output by the second high frequency power source (51) based on an electricity (effective electricity) which is measured by a power sensor (40) and is to be supplied to the impedance matching device (34).

Abstract: Adhesive layers are formed on the two opposing surfaces of a transparent support. At least one of the adhesive layers is made of a material of which the cured state may be changed. The adhesive layer is irradiated with light and a lens sheet is then pressed against the adhesive layer. The adhesive layer is cured. In this illustrative way, a laminate film of the lens sheet fixed to the transparent support via the adhesive layer may be obtained. The laminate film may be bonded to a polarizing plate on the viewer's side of a liquid crystal display element via the other adhesive layer.

Abstract: A multi-layered sports playing field including a top layer made of substantially artificial material simulating a natural playing surface such as grass and a padding layer positioned between the top layer and the base or dirt layer. The padding layer is made of a plurality of discrete beads of substantially elastic, resilient material (e.g., foam) with portions of adjacent beads abutting one another and other portions being spaced from each other. Substantially all of the adjacent beads are preferably integrally joined (e.g., glued, fused) together at their abutting portions. The padding layer is very porous and breathable and preferably includes feet members supporting the main body of the padding layer above the base or dirt layer to create a water channel of interconnected portions to enhance water drainage to the sides of the field.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a recording medium with an excellent productivity is provided. The method provides a recording medium having excellent ink absorbency and coloring property and includes an ink-receiving layer in which a binder is restricted and controlled. The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a recording medium including the steps of: performing a surface treatment on a substrate; and forming an ink-receiving layer using at least a pigment, polyvinyl alcohol, and a coating liquid that contains at least one selected from the group consisting of boric acid and borate. In this method, the surface-treatment step includes a first surface treatment and a second surface treatment. In the first surface treatment, a coating liquid that contains at least one selected from the group consisting of boric acid and borate is applied followed by being dried and solidified.

Abstract: The inventions relates to a composition adapted for use as a sealing strip in the manufacture of insulating structures. The composition includes an adhesion promoter compound of at least two components, a polymeric base material(s), and a cross linking agent(s). The invention further relates to an insulating structure including first and second panes with the sealing strip positioned therebetween.

Abstract: A glass panel comprising: a pair of glass sheets (1), (2) disposed in opposition to each other via a gap (V) therebetween, peripheral edges of the two glass sheets (1), (2) being bonded with low melting glass (4) for sealing the gap (V); wherein in a cross section substantially normal to faces of the two glass sheets, (1), (2), an adjacent face (4a) of the low melting glass (4) adjacent the gap (V) has a center portion thereof between the two glass sheets (1), (2) bulging toward the gap (V).

Abstract: Tubular, biaxially stretched, heat shrinkable multilayer film food casings comprising inner and outer polyamide layers on either side of a core layer of EVOH surrounded by an inner and outer adhesive layer, and a coextrusion process for making the film.

Abstract: A method welds together two layers within a multi-layer assembly Laser light is directed through an outer layer of the assembly that allows transmission of the laser light from its outer surface to at least within the vicinity of its inner surface substantially without any absorption of energy from the laser light, towards a layer including an absorbent component, corresponding to a portion thereof. The absorbent component is capable of absorbing laser light within a given wavelength range thereby creating a welded area between a surface of the layer having the absorbent component and the surface of a layer facing the layer having the absorbent component while other layers remain unwelded.

Abstract: The invention is a bladder formed of multiple layers of barrier film to provide multiple pressurized layers of cushioning fluid or gas when the bladder is filled. The sidewalls of the bladder can be constructed with an inverted seam construction to eliminate finishing steps in the manufacture of cushioning bladders and alternatively to provide a clean, seamless appearance along the side walls. The inverted seam can be formed by attaching the peripheral edges of inner barrier layers to the outer barrier layers adjacent a weld between inner barrier layers to provide an inside-out inverted seam appearance. An inverted seam can also be formed by providing separate sidewall elements attached to the barrier layers of the bladder to provide a seam displaced from the center of the sidewall.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions useful as a barrier layer in, for example, packaging products. The compositions generally comprise a blend of (i) a polyester resin, preferably an aromatic polyester resin such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and (ii) a polyamide material (e.g., MXD6). The blend optionally may further comprise (iii) an oxygen scavenging material. The present invention also provides containers (e.g., containers formed by expansion of preforms) having a multilayered body-forming portion including: a core layer comprising the aforementioned blend; and inner and outer layers of a formable polymer composition. The present invention also provides methods of making such containers.

Abstract: A seamed flexible belt having a substrate and a seam having interlocking seam members, wherein the interlocking seam members are held together by an adhesive having polyamide and an optional electrically conductive filler, for use in electrostatographic, contact electrostatic, digital and other like printing machines.

Abstract: An organic dye type optical recording medium capable of recording or reading information by a blue laser having a shorter wavelength, is provided. An optical recording medium comprising a substrate and a recording layer capable of recording or reading information by a laser, formed on the substrate, characterized in that the recording layer contains a compound represented by the following formula (1): wherein each of R1 to R6 which are independent of one another, is a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group which may be substituted, each of k and n which are independent of each other, is an integer of from 0 to 2, provided 0?k+n?4, each of l and m which are independent of each other, is 0 or 1, provided 1?l+m?2, each of rings A and B which are independent of each other, is an aromatic ring which may have optional substituents, provided that such optional substituents may be bonded to each other to form a ring.

Abstract: A system of composite and adhesive materials provides for a high strength, producible closeout joint in the form of tapered tension bond joint for high performance structures. The system includes one skin that is co-bonded to flat panel spars, with the joint being positioned at the opposite side of the spars. The spar includes a female receptacle that receives a male blade from the closeout skin assembly. The blade and receptacle are wedge-shaped woven preforms. The flat panel spars have imbedded nut elements that serve as “internal tooling” to provide a positive stop for locating and clamping the structural members together.

Abstract: An electrophotographic transfer paper has a substrate and a thermoplastic foamed resin layer which is provided on at least one surface of the substrate and has pores. In the electrophotographic transfer paper, the temperature at which the viscosity of the thermoplastic foamed resin layer becomes 1×10 4 Pa·s ranges from 60° C. to 100° C. and a gradient R of a viscosity-temperature curve of the thermoplastic foamed resin layer defined by the following Equation (1) ranges from 0.02 to 0.10: R={Log(?t)?Log(?t+20)}/20 ??(1) where ?t indicates 1×104 Pa·s and ?t+20 indicates the viscosity (Pa·s) of the thermoplastic foamed resin layer at the temperature higher by 20° C. than the temperature showing the viscosity ?t.

Abstract: There is provided a multi-layered foamed article. The foam article has a layer of foam material on either side of an inner peel layer disposed roughly in the middle of the foam. The portion of the foam in closest proximity to the peel layer is subjected to the greatest amount of heat during extrusion forming mostly large open cell foam. The foam near the surface of the multiplayer foam article is cooled by the atmosphere or contact with cooling surfaces and comprises mostly small closed-cell foam. There is also provided a method for making a multi-layer foamed article by co-extruding an inner peel layer sandwiched between two expanded layers of a foam material. Each of the expanded foam layers on either side of the peel layer of the article is easily peeled or stripped from the peel inner layer and the multi-layer article is converted into a foamed article with absorbing characteristics on one side and non-absorbing characteristics on the other side.

Abstract: An anti-Newton ring sheet includes an anti-Newton ring layer containing binder resin and particles, and formed on at least one surface of a transparent polymer film, wherein the particles are monodisperse spherical particles having a mean particle diameter of not less than 0.4 ?m and not more than 2.0 ?m and are contained in an amount of not less than 0.5 parts by weight and not more than 3 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. The anti-Newton ring sheet can prevent scratching of a contact surface even if it is brought into contact with a light guide plate or the like made of a softer material, without loss of the anti-Newton ring effect. The anti-Newton ring sheet can be utilized for an optical film having an anti-Newton ring effect by providing an optical function layer such as a light diffusing layer on the surface opposite the anti-Newton ring layer.

Abstract: A crosslinkable thermal interface material is produced by combining at least one rubber compound, at least one amine resin and at least one thermally conductive filler. This interface material takes on the form of a liquid or “soft gel”. The gel state is brought about through a crosslinking reaction between the at least one rubber compound composition and the at least one amine resin composition. Once the foundation composition that comprises at least one rubber compound, at least one amine resin, and at least one thermally conductive filler has been prepared, the composition must be compared to the needs of the electronic component, vendor, or electronic product to determine if a phase change material is needed to change some of the physical properties of the composition.

Abstract: Coated particle substrates having a coating of resin and/or water soluble polymers and soluble, fibrous material are provided for use in subterranean formations. The coated particle substrate particles are typically proppants used to prop open subterranean hydrocarbon formations during recovery processes, such as after a hydraulic fracture, and provide both improved settling characteristics and improved hydrocarbon flow characteristics due to the conductive channels formed by the soluble fibers downhole. Methods of making the coated particles are also described.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a coated article comprises a substrate with a coating comprising diamond like carbon layer, wherein the diamond like carbon layer comprising carbon and sulfur as terminal sulfur functional groups, wherein greater than or equal to about 70 wt % of the carbon present in the diamond like carbon layer comprises a sp3 carbon-to-carbon bond. The diamond like carbon layer has a concentration gradient such that the diamond like carbon layer on a side toward the substrate comprises a lower concentration of sulfur than a surface of the diamond like carbon layer disposed on a side of the layer opposite the substrate. The surface comprises about 0.1 at % to about 15 at % sulfur.

Abstract: The present invention provides an antireflection film for transfer that can be transferred to the surface of plates or other less-flexible articles to form an antireflection layer with a uniform thickness that not only provides a high antireflection effect on a light in the visible light range but also offers a high solvent resistance. The present invention also provides an antireflection-treated article.

Abstract: A dicing/die bonding adhesion tape includes a substrate, a silicone adhesive layer, and a bonding layer. A tack strength of 0.2–2.0 N/25 mm is developed between the silicone adhesive layer and the bonding layer. The bonding layer is formed of a bonding composition comprising (A) a polyimide resin, (B) an epoxy resin, and (C) an epoxy resin curing catalyst.

Abstract: A tamper evident packaging material is described. The material is formed from a substrate having a weak skin layer and at least one additional layer. A pressure sensitive adhesive is applied to the weak skin layer. An electron beam cured coating having a non-migratory slip agent is disposed on the surface of the substrate opposite the weak skin layer. The weak skin layer has a lower Z tear strength than the affinity that the pressure sensitive adhesive has for itself and for the weak skin layer, such that at least part of the weak skin layer separates from the at least one additional layer when the pressure sensitive adhesive is sealed against the weak skin layer of a second substrate and the two substrates are subsequently pulled apart.

Abstract: Cellulosic fibers having enhanced reversible thermal properties and methods of forming such cellulosic fibers are described. In one embodiment, a cellulosic fiber includes a fiber body formed of an elongated member. The elongated member includes a cellulosic material and a temperature regulating material dispersed within the cellulosic material. The temperature regulating material includes a phase change material having a transition temperature in the range of ?5° C. to 125° C. The cellulosic fiber can be formed via a solution spinning process and can be used in various products where thermal regulating properties are desired. For example, the cellulosic fiber can be used in textiles, apparel, footwear, medical products, containers and packagings, buildings, appliances, and other products.

Abstract: Surface-modified nanoparticles of boehmite, and methods for preparing the same. Aluminum oxyhydroxide nanoparticles are surface modified by reaction with selected amounts of organic acids. In particular, the nanoparticle surface is modified by reactions with two or more different carboxylic acids, at least one of which is an organic carboxylic acid. The product is a surface modified boehmite nanoparticle that has an inorganic aluminum oxyhydroxide core, or part aluminum oxyhydroxide core and a surface-bonded organic shell. Organic carboxylic acids of this invention contain at least one carboxylic acid group and one carbon-hydrogen bond. One embodiment of this invention provides boehmite nanoparticles that have been surface modified with two or more acids one of which additional carries at least one reactive functional group.

Abstract: A technique of stably bonding a structure including a carbon nanotube with another structure is to be provided. Also, a nano-device that offers excellent performance and high production efficiency is to be provided. A polymer and a carbon nanotube are dispersed in a dispersion medium and on a filled liquid in a Langmuir trough, to obtain a carbon nanotube-based structure constituted of a carbon nanotube and the polymer wound around its rounded surface. The carbon nanotube-based structure is adhered to a substrate, and a ligand is immobilized on a side chain of the polymer. A receptor is immobilized on another carbon nanotube-based structure, and the both carbon nanotube-based structures are joined because of a specific interaction between the ligand and the receptor.

Abstract: An active coating system capable of collecting, analyzing, managing and adapting to data and/or its environment in real time. An exemplary embodiment of our inventive active coating system is corrosion resistant and includes a flexible sensor layer, a switch layer and a visual display layer. Operationally, the flexible sensor layer senses particular environmental conditions and the visual display layer provides visual indication of the condition(s) sensed.

Abstract: A composite sheet material that includes at least one porous core layer including a thermoplastic material and from about 20 weight percent to about 80 weight percent fibers based on a total weight of the porous core layer, and at least one skin covering a surface of the core layer. The skin includes at least one of a thermoplastic film, a fiber based scrim, a non-woven fabric, and a woven fabric.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition for use in forming an abrasion-resistant easy-to-clean coating on a substrate. The composition according to the invention includes a mixture of a fluorocarbon polymer component and an enamel-forming component. The enamel-forming component includes at least a first lead-free and cadmium-free glass frit. The first lead-free and cadmium-free glass frit includes from about 30% to about 50% P2O5, from about 15% to about 30% Al2O3, and from about 2% to about 40% X2O where X=Na and/or K. The present invention also provides a method of forming an abrasion-resistant easy-to-clean coating on a substrate. The method includes applying the composition according to the invention to a substrate and sintering the applied composition to fuse an abrasion-resistant easy-to-clean coating to the substrate.

Abstract: To provide a PTFE laminated article having a sufficient adhesive strength and a PTFE backing sheet having a low permeability, in which a specific weight of a PTFE sheet can be maintained high. A specific weight of the PTFE sheet is maintained at 2.175 or more by carrying out thermo-fusing of the PTFE sheet and a film or sheet of heat-meltable resin such as PFA after interposing a layer of PTFE fine particles between them or by carrying out treatment for preventing a rapid temperature lowering after the thermo-fusing without interposing the layer of PTFE fine particles.