Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the Formula wherein R1, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are as defined. Compounds of the Formula I have activity inhibiting production of A?-peptide. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treating disorders and diseases, for example, neurodegenerative and/or neurological disorders, e.g., Alzheimer's disease, in a mammal comprising compounds of the Formula I.

Abstract: Compounds that are derivatives of 3-aminomethyl-pyrrolidine generally containing at least one benzhydril moiety are useful in treating conditions which benefit from blocking calcium ion channels.

Abstract: The invention encompasses isoindoline compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising them, and methods of their use for the treatment, prevention or management of various diseases and disorders. Examples include, but are not limited to, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease and myelodysplastic syndrome.

Abstract: Psorospermin is a cytotoxic dihydroflranoxanthone that has found to exhibit significant activity against various tumor cell lines. Unfortunately, psorospermin is no longer readily available from its natural plant source. The present invention is directed to a method for preparing psorospermin and psorospermin analogs. Methods are also disclosed for utilizing psorospermin analogs to inhibit cellular proliferation.

Abstract: To provide a semaphorin inhibitor; a peripheral or central nerve regeneration promoter which contains said semaphorin inhibitor as an active ingredient; and a preventive or remedy for a neuropathic disease and a neurodegenerative disease containing said nerve regeneration promoter, or the like. A low-molecular weight compound, which acts at a concentration of 10 ?g/ml or below to inhibit the growth cone collapse activity of semaphorin such as semaphorin 3A, semaphorin 6C or the like and/or the nerve outgrowth inhibitory activity of semaphorin in a collagen gel and which does not substantially affect cell proliferation, is obtained from the culture of strain SPF-3059 belonging to the genus Penicillium. The low-molecular weight compound with the semaphorin inhibitory activity thus obtained exhibits the in vivo nerve-regeneration promoting action.

Abstract: This invention relates to 2-substituted D-homo-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-3-yl sulfamates of general formula I (I), in which R3 means a C1-C5-alkyl or C1-C5-alkyloxy group as well as their use for the production of a pharmaceutical agent for treating tumor diseases, which can be influenced positively by the inhibition of tubulin polymerization. The compounds according to the invention are distinguished by a D-homosubstitution.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds that alter PPAR activity. The invention also relates to pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising the compounds or their salts, and methods of using them as therapeutic agents for treating or preventing dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, hyperglycemia, atherosclerosis, hypertriglyceridemia and hyperinsulinemia in a mammal. The present invention also relates to methods for making the disclosed compounds.

Abstract: Methods, compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and kits are described for treating or preventing amyloid-+related disease.

Abstract: The invention relates to pharmaceutically acceptable salts of guanylhydrazone-containing compounds, for example, Semapimod. The invention also relates to pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising the salts and methods for their use.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula (1) and to processes for the preparation of, intermediates used in the preparation of, compositions containing and the uses of, such derivatives. The compounds according to the present invention are useful in numerous diseases, disorders and conditions, in particular inflammatory, allergic and respiratory diseases, disorders and conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of N-acylvanillinamide derivatives capable of activating the peripheral receptor CB1 of cannabinoids. In particular, the present invention relates to the use of compounds of general formula (I) in which the meanings of R, R1, R3 and Y are as defined in the description, for the preparation of a medicinal product which is capable of activating the peripheral receptor CB1 of cannabinoids.

Abstract: Compositions, methods, and pharmaceutical products related to prostaglandin-related compounds and trefoil factor family peptides are disclosed herein. Of particular interest are compositions and methods useful for the treatment of glaucoma with a reduced occurrence of hyperemia.

Abstract: Impairments in memory consolidation are treated with an amphetamine compound. In one embodiment, the method includes administering an l-amphetamine compound. In another embodiment, the method includes administering an l-methamphetamine compound. The method can include determining memory consolidation before, during and/or after administering the amphetamine compound.

Abstract: Methods suitable for selecting optimal defoamers for use in fermentation processes are described wherein the methods comprise: (a) determining an amount of each of two or more defoamers which provides a requisite dynamic surface tension of at most 50 mN/m at a particular frequency in a fermentation medium; and (b) selecting the defoamer which provides the requisite dynamic surface tension at the lowest amount. Methods for controlling foam by determining and adjusting dynamic surface tension are also described.

Abstract: A commercial production of synthetic fuel from fermentation by-products system for efficiently producing synthetic fuels and other usable by-products. The major volatile by product of most fermentation processes is carbon dioxide. The commercial production of synthetic fuel from fermentation by-products system generally includes commercial production of synthetic fuel from fermentation by-products system for producing synthetic fuels and other usable by-products. The composition includes providing wind and/or solar generated energy to a electrolysis unit, providing water to the electrolysis unit, separating the water within the electrolysis unit into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, supplying the hydrogen gas and the oxygen gas to a turbine, sending the hydrogen gas, heated carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide to a Fischer-Tropsch reactor, producing ethanol and methanol within the Fischer-Tropsch reactor and collecting the mixture of ethanol and methanol.

Abstract: We describe a process for the preparation of polyurethane polyol from CARDANOL 3-(8pentadecenyl)phenol, derived from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), a renewable resource material. The polyol is made by oxidation with peroxy acid generated in situ to give epoxidised CARDANOL 3-(8-pentadecenyl)phenol and the epoxy derivative is converted to the polyol in the presence of the organic acid. The cardanol-based polyol may be reacted with isocyanate to form polyurethane. Alternatively blowing agents are included with the cardanol-based polyol before it is reacted with the isocyanate. These polyols are especially suitable for making rigid foams of very low density and high compressive strength.

Abstract: Disclosed is an actinic ray curable ink-jet ink comprising a cationically polymerizable compound including a cationically polymerizable epoxy compound and a cationically polymerizable oxetane ring-containing compound, wherein the actinic ray curable ink-jet ink contains the cationically polymerizable epoxy compound in an amount of from 35 to 95% by weight based on the total amount of cationically polymerizable compound, the cationically polymerizable epoxy compound having a solubility parameter (sp value) of from 10 to 20, and the cationically polymerizable oxetane ring-containing compound having a solubility parameter (sp value) of from 5 to 8.0, and wherein the actinic ray curable ink-jet ink has a viscosity at 25° C. of 5 to 50 mPa·s.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion for inkjet recording containing colorant-containing water-insoluble vinyl polymer particles dispersed in water, wherein the water-insoluble vinyl polymer contains a constitutive unit derived from a styrenic macromer (a) which has a polymerizable functional group at one end, wherein the styrenic macromer (a) has a number-average molecular weight of from 1000 to 5000 and a molecular weight distribution (weight-average molecular weight/number-average molecular weight) of from 1.0 to 2.5; and a water-based ink for inkjet recording containing the aqueous dispersion. The aqueous dispersion is capable of realizing a water-based ink for inkjet recording, which has excellent storage stability, a high optical density, and gives a high gloss.

Abstract: A method for imparting damage resistance to a coating, film or article of manufacture comprising adding crosslinked polymeric nanoparticles having a size range of 1-100 nm in diameter to said coating, film or article of manufacture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel ultraviolet light absorbers of the benzoxazinone, oxanilide, benzylidene malonate, quinazoline and benzotriazole classes. The invention also relates to polymer and photographic compositions stabilized against the deleterious effects of light induced degradation which comprise the novel ultraviolet light absorbers.

Abstract: The present invention provides nucleated polyolefins using shellac based nucleating agents wherein the nucleated polyolefins obtained have improved crystallization temperature (Tc) and smaller spherulitic size and hence improved transparency characteristics.

Abstract: Problem To offer a suitable polyether imide resin composition for the plastic components for automobiles, domestic appliances or OA apparatus, equipment's for media where heat resistance, dimensional stability and fire retardancy is required. Means for solving the problem Filler reinforced polyether imide resin composition is characterized by containing (A) polyether imide resin, (B) thermoplastic resin, (C) fibrous reinforced filler and (D) Non-fibrous inorganic filler, wherein the amount of (A) polyether imide resin is 1 to 95% by weight, (B) thermoplastic resin: 1 to 95% by weight, (C) fibrous reinforced filler: 2 to 80% by weight, (D) Non-fibrous inorganic filler: 2 to 80% by weight, when total of (A) to (D) is 100% by weight.

Abstract: A resin composition provides good optical properties when stretched and efficient oxygen-scavenging, the resin composition comprising a film-forming polyester and an effective amount of oxygen-scavenging particles, wherein the particles have a particle size distribution such that particles of less than about 25 microns in size do not exceed a concentration defined by a formula that includes the apparent density of the particles. Another resin composition comprises a film-forming polyester and from about 50 to about 2500 parts by weight of iron per million by weight of the resin, wherein the amount of iron particles having a size of less than about 20 microns does not exceed about 800 parts per million by weight of the resin. A method is also provided for incorporating high levels of oxygen-scavenging particles into a film-forming polyester resin composition with low haze when stretched.

Abstract: Powder coating compositions comprise a film-forming polymer, a pigment providing a metallic effect, and a stabilizing additive which, in a coating formed from the composition on a substrate, inhibits degradation of the metallic pigment in the presence of oxygen and water.

Abstract: Composite compositions that include polymeric nanoparticles and clay nanoparticles, and a method for forming the compositions are provided. The polymeric nanoparticles of particular compositions have a mean diameter from 1 to 50 nm. Also provided are polymeric compositions including the composite compositions and a method for forming them.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising at least one masked or unmasked polyisocyanate in the form of an aqueous emulsion whose mean size is between 0.1 and 10 micrometers; and at least one polyhydroxylated polymer, advantageously a polyol, in the form of a second aqueous dispersion whose mean size is between 10 and 200 nanometers wherein the content of polyhydroxylated polymer, advantageously of polyol, expressed in mass percent, is at least equal to ?R?20, with R equal to the ratio of the mean size (d50) of the emulsion to that of the dispersion of polyhydroxylated polymer, advantageously of polyol.

Abstract: A thermoplastic elastomer composition comprised of (a) a thermoplastic resin selected from the group consisting of polyphenylene ether, polypropylene, polyethylene, and polystyrene, (b) a block copolymer selected from the group consisting of styrene-ethylene butylene-styrene, styrene-ethylene propylene-styrene, hydrogenated polybutadiene, hydrogenated polyisoprene, hydrogenated styrene-isoprene random copolymer, styrene-ethylene propylene block copolymer, styrene-ethylene ethylene propylene-styrene and hydrogenated styrene-butadiene random copolymers, (c) a core-shell polymer comprised of a polymeric core and a polymeric shell with the proviso that the polymeric core and/or the polymeric shell may be crosslinked, and (d) an oil.

Abstract: New aqueous PNP dispersions are disclosed. A method of preparing an aqueous PNP dispersion from solvent-based PNPs having a diameter in the range of from 1 to 50 nanometers is disclosed. An associative thickener composition based on PNPs having an average of at least two phobes extending from the surface of said PNPs is also disclosed. The aqueous PNP dispersions are useful in aqueous-based industrial and consumer products, such as latex paint.

Abstract: The present invention is a novel block copolymer containing a controlled distribution copolymer block of a conjugated diene and a mono alkenyl arene, where the controlled distribution copolymer block has terminal regions that are rich in conjugated diene units and a center region that is rich in mono alkenyl arene units. Also disclosed is a method for manufacture of the block copolymer.

Abstract: A flame-retardant resin composition comprising 100 parts by weight of a rubber-reinforced polystyrene resin, from 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of an epoxy-modified phenolic resin, and from 1 to 30 parts by weight of an aromatic phosphate has good flame retardancy and good lightfastness, still having good mechanical characteristics intrinsic to the thermoplastic resin therein.

Abstract: Compositions are provided having from 70 wt % to 95 wt % of a polymer selected from homopolymers and random copolymers of propylene and from 5 wt % to 30 wt % of a miscible hydrocarbon resin with a glass transition temperature greater than 20° C. The polymer has a heat of fusion of less than 50 J/g, a melt index (MI) of less than 20 dg/min, and contains stereoregular propylene crystallinity. Also provided are films containing such compositions, and articles, such as diapers or incontinence garments, including such films.

Abstract: A method of producing a polymer or a stellar polymer which comprises polymerizing a vinyl monomer in the manner of living radical polymerization and adding a compound having two or more polymerizable carbon-carbon double bonds at the end point of the polymerization. A composition which comprises, as an essential component, a hydroxyl-terminated polymer falling under said polymer and a compound having, in each molecule, not less than two functional groups reactive with the hydroxyl group.

Abstract: A curable fluoroelastomer composition comprising at least one fluoroelastomer, a bisphenol curative, and a peroxide curative provides a non-post cure fluoroelastomer material suitable for use in the manufacture of, for example. When cured (vulcanized), the composition exhibits an improved compression set resistance, in comparison to the fluoroelastomer cured by the bisphenol curative alone, without performing a post-cure procedure or with only performing a limited or reduced post-cure procedure of up to 2 hours, preferably not more than 1 hour (for example, 1–30 min.) at 175° C.–235° C. (e.g., 350° F.–450° F.).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a curable thermoplastic elastomeric composition based on a polytrimethylene ether ester elastomer and a crosslinkable poly(meth)acrylate rubber system; and a melt processible thermoplastic elastomeric compositions based on a continuous phase comprising of a polytrimethylene ether ester elastomer and a disperse phase of a crosslinked poly(meth)acrylate rubber. A process for manufacturing such a melt processible thermoplastic elastomeric composition, and a shaped article (e.g. an extruded or molded article) made thereform, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for preparing sulfonated polystyrene, whereby a styrene monomer having a sulfonyl chloride is prepared by reacting p-styrene sulfonic acid salt with a chloride, a styrene-based polymer having the sulfonyl chloride is synthesized by the polymerization of a p-styrene sulfonyl chloride monomer and optionally at least one monomer of a styrene and an acrylic monomer, the styrene-based polymer having the sulfonyl chloride is treated with an inorganic base aqueous solution to change the sulfonyl chloride into a SO3M group where M is an alkali metal, and treated with an acidic aqueous solution to prepare a styrene-based polymer having a sulfonic acid group. The styrene-based polymer having the sulfonic acid group prepared according to the process of the present invention has high proton conductivity and good mechanical properties.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for making a modified thermoplastic polyester by reacting a thermoplastic polyester with a nitrogen-containing compound, wherein the thermoplastic polyester is first contacted in the solid state with an inert gas atmosphere containing at least one amino-compound of formula H2N—R—(X)n, wherein n is an integer?0, R=a linear, branched or cyclo-aliphatic or aromatic residue comprising 1–24 C-atoms and optionally containing hetero atoms, X?—NH2 or another functional group reactive with the polyester, at a temperature T(a) between room temperature and the melting point Tm of the polyester, during at least 1 s; and then heated to a temperature T(b) between T(a) and Tm, during up to 10 hours; and thereafter solid state polymerized at a temperature T(c) between (Tm?50) and Tm, during up to 100 hours, where T(a)<T(b)<T(c).

Abstract: Adhesive compositions comprising epoxy resins, including epoxy novalac resin, and at least one reactive multi-functional acrylate. In preferred embodiments, the compositions also include amine-curing agent having at least one a cyclic group. The adhesive compositions according to the present invention are capable of enhancing the bonding strength of the adhesive, particularly at relatively high temperatures, such as at about 80° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a propylene polymer having a very high melt flowability, specifically to a method for producing an isotactic propylene polymer having a dramatically improved melt flowability with a relatively high production yield in convenient way, by improving the reactivity of hydrogen that is served as a molecular weight controlling agent in propylene polymerization.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymerization process using improved metallocene catalyst systems. Specifically, the catalyst systems of the present invention relate to a metallocene compound having optimized metals loading and activator concentration, and demonstrate improved operability and productivity. In an exemplary embodiment, the improved metallocene catalyst system of the present invention comprises a metallocene catalyst compound activated by methylaluminoxane, and a support material, the methylaluminoxane being present in the range of from 3 to 9 mmole methylaluminoxane per gram of support material, and the metallocene being present in the range of from 0.01 to 1.0 mmole metallocene per gram of support material.

Abstract: Branched polymers are prepared by mixing together monofunctional vinylic monomer with from 0.3 to 100% w/w of polyfunctional vinylic monomer and from 0.0001 to 50% w/w of chain transfer agent and thereafter reacting the mixture to form a polymer. The resulting branched polymers are soluble and may be used as component of surface coatings and inks as well as molding resins.

Abstract: Disclosed are an organic domain/inorganic domain hybrid material comprising an organic domain comprising at least one water-soluble organic polymer having anionic and/or cationic functional groups, and an inorganic domain, the organic and inorganic domains being chemically bonded to each other through the functional groups, the inorganic domain comprising inorganic bridges, each independently comprising at least one Si atom, at least two O atoms and at least one divalent metal atom, wherein the Si atom and the O atoms together form at least one siloxane linkage arranged longitudinally of the inorganic bridge, wherein each divalent metal atom is ionically bonded to the O atoms of the siloxane linkages positioned adjacent to the divalent metal atoms, wherein, when at least a part of the organic domain is comprised of at least one organic polymer having an anionic functional group and optionally a cationic functional group, the organic domain/inorganic domain weight ratio is less than 1.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel compound which is suitable as the starting material of a side-chain type liquid crystalline polymeric substance having a reactive group which is excellent in reactivity upon fixation of the liquid crystal orientation structure. The novel compound is a (meth)acrylic compound having an oxetanyl group represented by the formula wherein R1 is hydrogen or methyl, R2 is hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl, “—L1—M—L2—” represents a mesogen portion, and n and m are each an integer of 0 to 10. The present invention also provides a liquid crystal film containing the side-chain type liquid crystalline polymeric substance and a liquid crystal display mounted with such a liquid crystal film.

Abstract: Novel siloxanes are provided in the form of nanoscale bodies having discrete, observable structures, such as elongated wires, tubes, filaments and coils, having a length of at least about 100 nm and a diameter of from about 2-200 nm. The siloxanes are synthesized by reacting a substituted silane in a solvent system comprising water and a polar organic solvent, and in the presence of a metallic nanoparticle catalyst such as gold.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a thermal addition curable solventless silicone release composition having a reduced coefficient of friction and improved slip characteristics. The invention is also directed to a method for producing a thermal addition curable solventless silicone release composition on a substrate by applying the thermal addition curable solventless release composition of the invention to a substrate and curing the coating on the substrate using heat. The invention is further directed to a thermal addition curable solventless silicone release coated article having a reduced coefficient of friction and improved slip characteristics.

Abstract: Low-cure powder coating compositions are disclosed. The compositions comprise a polyepoxide and a material having the structure wherein R1 is an organic radical having 6 to 25 carbon atoms; R2 is an organic radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R3 and R4 are independently alkyl or phenyl groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; Z is oxygen or nitrogen, and when Z is oxygen R5 is absent and when Z is nitrogen R5 is hydrogen or is and n is 1 to 4. The material can optionally be reacted with an acidic hydrogen-containing compound. The compositions are curable without the use of crosslinking agents or accelerators. Methods for coating a substrate using these compositions, and substrates coated thereby, are also disclosed, as are additional catalysts useful for the same purpose.

Abstract: A curative blend for a thermosetting polyurethane material that allows for a polyurethane material with greater durability is disclosed herein. The curative blend is composed of 4,4?-methylenebis-(2,6-diethyl)-aniline and a second curing agent selected from the group consisting of N,N?-bis-alkyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N?-dialkylamino-diphenylmethane with tetrapropoxylated ethylenediamine and an aliphatic diamine. A preferred polyurethane prepolymer is polytetramethylene ether glycol terminated toluene diisocyanate prepolymer. The thermosetting polyurethane is preferably utilized as a cover for a golf ball. The cover is preferably formed over a core and boundary layer.

Abstract: A dielectric for aluminum and copper metalizations is stable at high temperatures. Surprisingly, in spite of the elimination of water during the cyclization, the polymeric dielectrics are very suitable for filling narrow trenches. The filled trenches exhibit no defects and bubbles or cracks. The polybenzoxazoles have dielectric constants of k?2.7 and are suitable as an electrical insulator. Furthermore, these materials adhere very well on all surfaces relevant for micro-electronics.

Abstract: There are provided a polycarbonate copolymer (A) which has excellent light resistance and heat resistance and comprises an aromatic dihydroxy component comprising 5 to 95 mol % of fluorene-skeleton-containing dihydroxy compound (1) having a specific structure and 95 to 5 mol % of ordinary bisphenol type dihydroxy compound (2), the content of fluorene-9-one in the copolymer being not higher than 15 ppm; and a polycarbonate composition comprising 0.01 to 5 parts by weight of ultraviolet absorber (B) based on 100 parts by weight of the copolymer (A), and the composition comprising the copolymer.

Abstract: Provided are a bimetallic zinc complex and a method of producing polycarbonate, including polymerizing an epoxy compound and carbon dioxide using the bimetallic zinc complex. The bimetallic zinc complex according to the present invention has a distance between zinc-zinc atoms, which is maintained in a limited range regardless of its concentration in a reaction medium for the polymerization. Thus, the bimetallic zinc complex can have a polymerization activity even at a high ratio of monomer/catalyst, thereby reducing a catalyst amount to be used, which is economically advantageous. Further, the bimetallic zinc complex can produce a high molecular weight polycarbonate.

Abstract: In the continuous production of polyesters, the esterification/transesterification of dicarboxylic acids or esters of the dicarboxylic acids with diols is performed in at least one reaction stage, the prepolycondensation of the esterification/transesterification product is performed under a vacuum in a reaction stage consisting of a vertical tube, and the polycondensation of the prepolycondensation product is performed in at least one reaction stage.