Abstract: A method is disclosed for assigning timeslot numbers to timeslots used for transmission and reception of signals between nodes in a network (1) of nodes (A–H). Each node (A–H) is able to communicate with at least one other node (A–H) by a transmission link (2) between said each node (A–H) and said at least one other node (A–H). At least some of the nodes (A–H) have a respective transmission link (2) to each of plural other nodes (A–H). Each transmission of a signal over a link (2) from a first node (A–H) to a second node (A–H) takes place during a timeslot. The method includes the steps of assigning timeslot numbers to each timeslot in sequence in ascending order of the number of available choices of timeslot number at each timeslot.

Abstract: The invention is a method for limiting the peak transmit power in a CDMA communication system. At least one of first and second high transmit power regions are separated into a plurality of high transmit power subregions. The high transmit power subregions of the plurality of high subregions are shifted by time offsets of differing durations to provide a plurality of time offset subregions. First and second low transmit power regions are also provided. At least one of the first and second low transmit power regions is also separated into a plurality of transmit power subregions and the low transmit power subregions are shifted by time offsets of differing time durations. The subregions can be time offset by a predetermined time duration or by a random time duration.

Abstract: A method and system for conducting rapid control traffic in a time division multiple access (TDMA) communication system comprises a base station communicating with a plurality of user stations in assigned time slots of a time frame. For bearer traffic, time slots are assigned to particular user stations for an extended duration. In unassigned time slots, the base station transmits a general polling message indicating availability of the time slot. A user station desiring to hand off communication from one base station to another uses multiple available time slots at the target base station for exchanging control traffic messages with the target base station. The next available time slot is indicated by a slot pointer in the header of each general polling message to facilitate rapid exchange of control traffic messages. During handover, the user station may establish a new link with the target base station before relinquishing the existing communication link with the old base station.

Abstract: A multi-mode mobile communication device may include a processing device, a memory sub-system, a communication sub-system operable to communicate with the plurality of wireless access networks, and a protocol stack stored in the memory sub-system and executed by the processing device. The protocol stack may include a first access stratum, a second access stratum, a non-access stratum and an access stratum manager. The first access stratum may communicate with a first wireless access network via the communication sub-system. The second access stratum may communicate with a second wireless access network via the communication sub-system. The non-access stratum may communicate with a core network. The access stratum manager may interface the non-access stratum with the first and second access strata, and may be operable to activate the first access stratum to establish a communication link with the core network over the first wireless access network.

Abstract: A method for switching cells by a mobile equipment of a communication system. The mobile transmits a signal coded with a spreading code indicating the mobile's intent to switch cells and the coded information also identifies to which cell the mobile wants to switch. The coded information contains channel measurement adjustment information that is continuously transmitted to the cell which is currently serving the mobile. The flow of channel measurement adjustment information is therefore not disturbed by the application of the method of the present invention. Because the coded information identifies the target cell and indicates the mobile's intent to perform a cell switching procedure, the amount of processing done by the cells is significantly reduced thus increasing the likelihood of a successful switching procedure.

Abstract: Systems and techniques for a signal having a first set of channels separated in a first format, and a second set of channels separated in a second format wherein a first parameter for a first one of the channels from the first set is measured, a second parameter from a second one of the first channels is measured, and the relative power between the first one of the channels and the second one of the channels from the first set of channels can be computed. The foregoing abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract which will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or the meaning of the claims.

Abstract: A radio communication system having a base station and a plurality of radio terminals, wherein each radio terminal having a transmission request transmits a reservation packet at arbitrary timing through a reservation channel in accordance with a CDMA scheme, and the base station assigns a traffic channel and a time slot to be used to each radio terminal requesting a reservation through a reply packet outputted onto a reply channel. On the reservation channel, a short spreading code corresponding to a matched filter is applied.

Abstract: A communication channel is controlled so as to dynamically accommodate network client requests for access thereto. The communication channel may be supported on a wireless link, such as a spread spectrum wireless link, and client requests for access thereto may be dynamically accommodated by allocating time slots for client transmissions on the wireless link. Providing a quiet time slot within which clients may request access to the communication channel may accommodate various client requests for access to the communication channel. These quiet slots may exist with other forward and reverse time slots which are superimposed on the communication channel, each forward and reverse time slot including one or more data frames. The forward and reverse time slots are preferably fixed, but negotiable, time periods. Each of the data frames may include a plurality of data packets, each of the data packets being variable in length.

Abstract: A method providing quality of service during a contention period. A tiered access protocol enables an Access Point to act as a channel arbitrator and gain control a channel during a contention period. The Enhanced Access Point waits a specified amount of time after before taking control of a channel for either transmitting an outbound frame or initiating Polled-Contention Free Bursts. In addition, a method for increasing the time span between Delivery Traffic Indication Message beacons by tracking when Wireless Stations are able to receive messages and instantly delivering messages to those Wireless Stations.

Abstract: A wireless network may report the location of assets to a call routing apparatus to aid in the routing of calls.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for accessing websites from a communication device, such as a mobile telephone, that allows ease of access by initiating access to the website utilizing reference data such as a telephone number of an entity or business. A website server includes a telephone number cross reference database that allows the server to locate a website associated with the telephone number that is served by the server. Further features include automatic redirection to a website when the telephone of the entity or business is busy.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are exemplary techniques for the communication of information in a wireless system by using multiple wireless channels. A direct link between two or more wireless devices may be established by performing a direct link setup between two or more wireless devices using an access point, where the direct link setup is conducted over a base channel and the direct link is established on a parallel channel. The two or more wireless devices may switch to the parallel channel and use the established direct link to communicate information directly without the access point as an intermediary. In anticipation of a predetermined event, such as the transmission of a delivery traffic indication map (DTIM) beacon frame by the access point, the two or more wireless devices may switch back to the base channel so that uplink, downlink and/or peer-to-peer information may be transmitted and/or received.

Abstract: An RF ID tagging system provides information for managing a local area network (LAN). A plurality of first network elements and an inventory management tool are interconnected within the LAN. Predetermined management information is communicated from the first network elements to the inventory management tool via the LAN. A plurality of second network elements are maintained for coupling to the LAN, the second network elements not communicating the predetermined management information with the inventory management tool. Respective RF ID tags are mounted to each of the second network elements, wherein each of the RF ID tags wirelessly transmits a respective identifier. The respective identifiers are received in a wireless monitor. The received respective identifiers are associated with predetermined management information. Virtual device images are created in response to the predetermined management information. The virtual device images are transmitted to the inventory management tool via the LAN.

Abstract: In a communication system using a mobile terminal capable of accessing both a mobile communication network and a local network simultaneously and a gateway provided between a fixed communication network and the local network, the mobile terminal transmits an inquiry message for inquiring information regarding a location on networks of a correspondent of packet communications, to the gateway through the local network, and receives a response message indicating the lookup processing result from the gateway through the local network. Then, the mobile terminal acquires an address to be used in the packet communications with the correspondent according to the response message, and assigns the address to a communication interface for the local network.

Abstract: A method and system for routing data in a wireless network (400) that enables all nodes (106, 402, 404, 406, 408) to find routes to each other even if the nodes are incapable of operating as a router to route packets received from other nodes (106, 402, 404, 406, 408). The meshed nodes (106, 402) which are capable of performing packet routing act as proxy nodes for their associated non-meshed nodes (STA 13-STA 15) to route packets from their associated non-meshed nodes (STA 13-STA 15) to destination nodes. Some of the meshed nodes further operate as intelligent access points (106) to provide the non-meshed nodes and other meshed nodes with access to other networks, such as the Internet (402).

Abstract: A CDMA system includes first and second correlators, a delay buffer, a transmission-line correcting section, and a transmission-line estimating section. The delay buffer is supplied with the data for each symbol extracted from the first correlator to adjust a difference in timing at which the data is output from the first correlator, the difference being caused by a difference in spreading coefficient. The transmission-line correcting section is supplied with an output signal of the delay buffer. The estimating section is supplied with the data for each symbol extracted from the second correlator to obtain a transmission-line response from pilot information and supply transmission-line estimated value information to the transmission-line correcting section using the transmission-line response as an estimated value.

Abstract: The method for transmitting data in a point-to-multipoint data communication network which includes a network access point and a first through an Nth (N is 2 or a higher positive integer) station that communicate each other through a shared transmission medium, the data transmission method, wherein the station determines time to transmit its data to the network access point based on time when the station receives transmission timing information from the network access point.

Abstract: Source devices, softwares and methods are provided for predicting at a transmitting source how well a specific encoded frame, relative to other frames in a stream, would be reconstructed if it were not available for eventual playout at a receiving destination. If poorly, then the specific encoded frame is packetized and transmitted advantageously with respect to other packets in a stream. The transmitted stream will have higher jitter. Predicting is performed at the source by synthesizing a replicated frame, which emulates how the specific frame would be reconstructed at the destination. Then the replicated frame is compared with the decoded specific frame. The eventual playout will have a higher fidelity to the original, since reconstructed from more critical frames.

Abstract: At least one queue is provided per current branch pattern in a network node. In this way, a queue can be jointly used for a plurality of distribution compartments which are imaged onto the same branch pattern in said node. Arriving packets are differentiated according to the particular distribution compartment to which they belong (i.e. not according to a particular flow to which they belong inside the distribution compartment). They are then inserted into a corresponding queue accordingly. Said queues are used by the ports belonging to each branch pattern. As soon as a port is free, it selects the next queue to use. The selection thus begins in sufficient time to ensure that no gaps appear on the outgoing line from said port. If a port uses a plurality (in this case fully or partially overlapping) of branch patterns, a search is then carried out for non-empty queues in all of that branch patterns, during the selection.

Abstract: A method of, and an apparatus for, providing broadband services to multiple remote units located at a client premise via a single communication line are provided. Authorization data is communicated from distribution equipment to the remote units and the authorization data authorizes one of the remote units to transmit data to the distribution equipment. The authorization data is included in a DSL frame and is sequentially changed thereby sequentially to authorize each remote unit one at a time to transmit data. The distribution equipment provides the authorization data in a control word of a frame header of a VDSL frame.

Abstract: In a PPP terminating equipment 100 connected with a switch fabric and terminating PPP link, the PPP terminating equipment 100 has an LCP echo requirement detecting section 20 detecting whether or not a received packet is the LCP echo requirement packet, and an LCP echo response producing section 40 producing a response packet to the LCP echo requirement by rewriting the LCP header of the received LCP echo requirement packet. The PPP terminating equipment 100 thereby produces and returns the response packet to the LCP echo requirement.

Abstract: The invention relates to a router or switch in a broadband network operating through packet flow forwarding. The router provides a CPU switched software flow (12) and a hardware switched accelerated flow (10) in accordance with Hierarchical Flow Forwarding (HEF) by utilizing a mutual flow table (20) partitioned into at least a hardware part (22), an intermediate part (24) and a software part (26) for flow forwarding. The table is examined on a regular basis determined by a time period, and sorted by the ratio of number of packets per time period. It is filled up with the highest ratios in the hardware part (22, 22a), the intermediate ratios in the intermediate part (24, 22a, 26a) and the lowest ratios in the software part (26). Those packet flows that qualified for the intermediate flow (22a, 26a) in a previous examining remain in their memory space if they still qualify for the intermediate part (24).

Abstract: In-sequence media packets that arrive at a media server are processed immediately, and a buffer at the media server is checked for packets whose processing was previously deferred due to out-of-sequence arrival. Any in-sequence packets in the buffer are also processed and forwarded immediately after the processing and forwarding of the received in-sequence packet. Processing and forwarding are deferred for out-of-sequence packets, i.e., packets that are higher in the sequence than the next expected packet, by placing the out-of-sequence packets in the buffer. When a packet is placed in the buffer, a timer is initiated for the missing packet(s). If a pre-determined time passes without the receipt of a missing packet, the missing packet is declared lost and the next-in-sequence received packet is processed and forwarded toward the destination.

Abstract: A translator for coupling a first network such as an internet protocol version 4 (IPv4) and a second network such as an internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) having different addressing architectures for IP addresses due to a difference in version or the like so as not to exhaust the IP addresses of one of the two networks, a network system using the translator, and a network coupling method therefor are provided. When a packet is transferred from the IPv6 network to the IPv4 network, the translator assigns any of a plurality of previously prepared IPv4 addresses to an IPv6 address stored in a source storing field of the IPv6 packet. The assigned address is stored in a source storing field of an IPv4 packet. A packet translation unit is provided for assigning the foregoing IPv6 address to an IPv4 address stored in a destination storing field of the IPv4 packet, when a packet is transferred from the IPv4 network to the IPv6 network, and for storing this address in a destination storing field of the IPv6 packet.

Abstract: A connection device comprises a first physical device, a first device driver layer, a first interface abstraction layer, in which is embedded a first software support layer, a data core, a second interface abstraction layer, in which is embedded a second software support layer, a second device driver layer and a second physical device. A command and control module is connected to each of the physical devices and to the data core. Data and commands passing from the first device driver layer to the data core are removed of protocol-dependent information.

Abstract: A switch/router circuit integrates a multi-port memory array with the Media Access Control (MAC) units to facilitate direct transfer of packet payloads to the destination port. The store and forward functions are performed using a single memory cell with multiple pass gates, one pass gate designated for each MAC port. That is, a switch router is implemented using the multi-port memory array such that the number of ports in each memory cell is proportional to the number of MACs integrated in the single monolithic chip. An arbitrator arbitrates between the integrated ports, a lookup table identifies the destination port and a system controller controls all of the integrated elements.

Abstract: A method for accessing a reverse channel for communication from a remote unit to a base station is disclosed. The method includes waiting a random period of time in response to determining that the reverse channel is available at a first time. The method also includes monitoring a forward channel after expiration of the random period of time to determine whether the reverse channel is available at a second time. The method further includes transmitting a first portion of data on the reverse channel in response to determining that the reverse channel is available at the second time.

Abstract: A method and system of transmitting messages include requesting to submit a first request for transmitting a first message and to submit a second request for transmitting a second message until there is no first collision detected between the submitted first and second requests upon receipt of the submitted first and second requests. Before there is no first collision detected between the submitted first and second requests, it is requested to submit a third request for transmitting a third message and to submit a fourth request for transmitting a fourth message. However, requesting to re-submit the third request for transmitting the third message and to re-submit the fourth request for transmitting the fourth message if a second collision is detected between the submitted third and the second requests upon receipt thereof is delayed until there is no first collision detected between the submitted first and second requests.

Abstract: According to the invention, a method for establishing a personal communication between an originating end and a terminating end of a communication system is disclosed. In one step, a first number of personal communication modes associated with the originating end is retrieved. A determination is made if a second number of personal communication modes associated with the terminating end comprises any personal communication modes compatible with the first number of personal communication modes. A compatible personal communication mode from the first number of personal communication modes and the second number of personal communication modes is chosen to indicate the compatible personal communication mode to the terminating end.

Abstract: A host apparatus incorporates a holding-tone generator. The holding-tone generator generates a holding-tone packet. The holding-tone packet is broadcast, as a broadcast packet, to network telephone terminals. Each network telephone terminal receives the holding-tone packet if it assumes a holding state.

Abstract: An implementation of a voice-over-Internet protocol (VoIP) system for accomplishing two-way, three-way and conference calling between two or more parties is disclosed, in which new call features are readily adapted. The VoIP system is implemented in a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) framework in which aspects of Distributed Feature Composition (DFC) architecture are modified and applied to overcome known limitations in the adaptability of existing VoIP frameworks.

Abstract: A system is described comprising: an originating node having system resources to be utilized to deliver multimedia content and/or data to a plurality of multimedia devices; and a resource allocation module to allocate the system resources to each of the multimedia devices based on a detected state of each of the multimedia devices.

Abstract: A method and structure for the distribution and utilization of synchronization within an asynchronous network is described herein. Synchronization is distributed through an asynchronous network via a synchronization symbol periodically inserted on the MAC layer. The priority of this symbol ensures that this symbol is inserted in the MAC layer data stream ahead of all other types of symbols. The insertion of the synchronization symbol in the middle of an ongoing data frame is supported. In addition, a method for synchronization symbol distribution throughout an asynchronous network is presented, along with a method for switching to a new synchronization path (in the event of loss of original synchronization path) based on minimum number of hops from the synchronization source.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for transmitting quality criteria of tributary signals of a synchronous network hierarchy such as SDH or SONET, which, at the transmitting end are combined to form a higher-order multiplex signal and are transmitted in a higher-order transport module via a synchronous network. In this case, the tributary signals are monitored and different tributary quality criteria about the state of each of the tributary signals are generated. The tributary quality criteria are combined to form monitoring combinations and inserted into the overhead of the higher-order transport module to be transmitted.

Abstract: A photonic-crystal fiber provides dispersion compensation in a soliton fiber laser. The anomalous dispersion provided by the photonic-crystal fiber permits construction of a femtosecond fiber laser at 1 ?m wavelength without prisms or diffraction gratings. The laser produces ˜100-fs pulses with 1 nJ energy, and is a major step toward environmentally-stable all-fiber devices at 1 ?m.

Abstract: In apparatus for wavelength stabilizing and spectrally narrowing an output beam of a diode-laser, a cylindrical lens is arranged to collimate the beam in the fast axis of the diode laser without reducing divergence in the slow axis of the diode-laser. A length of optical fiber is arranged to receive the fast-axis collimated beam from the lens. The optical fiber has a core surrounded by a first cladding, the first cladding being surrounded by a second cladding. The core of the optical fiber has an elongated cross section and includes a wavelength selective Bragg grating. The core functions as a low-mode core in the width direction of the cross section. The length direction of the core is aligned with the fast axis of the diode-laser. The fast-axis collimated beam and the low mode width of the core provides that the Bragg grating only reflects light that propagates parallel the longitudinal axis of the fiber.

Abstract: In apparatus for wavelength stabilizing and spectrally narrowing an output beam of a diode-laser, a cylindrical lens is arranged to collimate the beam in the fast axis of the diode laser without reducing divergence in the slow axis of the diode-laser. An optical fiber is arranged to receive the fast-axis collimated beam from the lens. The optical fiber has a multimode core surrounded by a first cladding, the first cladding being surrounded by a second cladding. The core of the optical fiber includes a wavelength selective Bragg grating and has a numerical aperture of about 0.06 or less. The optical fiber has a numerical aperture of about 0.15 or greater. The fast-axis collimated beam and the relatively low numerical aperture of the core provide that the Bragg grating only reflects light that propagates about parallel to the longitudinal axis of the fiber. Light reflected from the grating is fed back to the diode-laser for stabilizing the wavelength and spectrally narrowing the diode-laser output beam.

Abstract: An apparatus is described in which the temperature of a semiconductor laser (or other device) can be set to a desired value by using the heat generated by the laser itself in conjunction with an adjustable thermal impedance heat sink to effect the desired temperature rise.

Abstract: A surface emitting semiconductor laser includes a laminate of semiconductor layers emitting multimode laser light, and a block member blocking light of a specific mode among the multimode laser light emitted from the laminate.

Abstract: A compact, high repetition rate, extreme ultraviolet/soft x-ray laser and method for generating such radiation are described. Excitation of the gaseous or vaporous lasing medium is achieved by discharging energy stored in a solid-dielectric capacitive device through a capillary channel containing the medium. By reducing the inductance of the discharge apparatus, excitation of the laser medium can be achieved without the use of Marx generators. Neon-like Ar atom laser pulses at 46.9 nm having energies of about 13 ?J are generated at repetition rates up to 12 Hz. Between 2 and 3×104 laser shots can be generated using a single capillary. Such a source of intense, short-wavelength radiation can be used for applications which include surface characterization of materials, high resolution imaging and printing, photochemistry and photophysics, laser ablation, characterization of x-ray optics, and dense plasma diagnostics.

Abstract: This disclosure concerns devices such as DBRs, one example of which includes at least one first mirror layers having an oxidized region extending from an edge of the DBR to an oxide termination edge that is situated greater than a first distance from the edge of the DBR. The DBR also includes at least one second mirror layer having an oxidized region extending from the edge of the DBR to an oxide termination edge that is situated less than a second distance from the edge of the DBR, such that the first distance is greater than the second distance. Additionally, a first mirror layer includes an oxidizable material at a concentration that is higher than the concentration of the oxidizable material in any of the second mirror layers. Finally, a first mirror layer is doped with an impurity at a higher level than one of the second mirror layers.

Abstract: An optically pumped micro-cavity laser has an optical gain cavity and an optical resonant cavity. The optical gain cavity has a gain medium disposed that generates an optical output in response to an optical pump signal. The optical resonant cavity has an electro-optic material in which is disposed an electrode structure with first and second apertures disposed generally parallel to an optical signal propagating within the electro-optic material. Electrically conductive material is disposed within the apertures coupling an electrical signal to the optical cavity. Optically reflective material is disposed on the opposing surfaces of the micro-cavity laser and between the optical gain cavity and the optical resonant cavity.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining the amplification factors both of a data channel and of a controlled channel of a data transmission system, wherein the data transmission is performed in a normal mode or a compression mode, a nominal ratio is calculated in the normal mode from signaled reference amplification factors, and further amplification factors are determined therefrom via rounding or discretization, and a corrected nominal ratio is calculated from the nominal ratio in the compression mode, and amplification factors are determined therefrom via rounding or discretization.

Abstract: A system and method for determining a round trip delay (RTD) indicator for mobile telephone signals originating from a mobile unit and received at a plurality of base stations in a wireless telecommunications system comprising at least some base stations using rake receivers, each rake receiver comprising a plurality of fingers. The method includes the steps of: collecting one or more finger characteristics from one or more rake receiver fingers assigned to one or more multi-path components of a signal; determining a finger lock category for at least one of the assigned one or more rake receiver fingers using the collected one or more finger characteristics; selecting a rake receiver finger from the one ore more rake receiver fingers using the determined finger lock categories, wherein the selected rake receiver finger has an associated RTD; and recording the RTD indicator corresponding to the selected finger. The system includes a processor configured to perform the foregoing steps.

Abstract: A Rake receiver suitable for receiving, for example, direct sequence CDMA signals, in which the pilot code used to correlate the received signal in each Rake finger (RF1, RF2, RFN) is interpolated prior to the correlation.

Abstract: In order to determine the optimal sampling point for a series of spread-coded data, received by a radio, a correlation data series is used that is produced by convoluting the channel impulse response of the transmission channel with the spread data series, known at the receiving end. The channel impulse response is determined using a channel estimator according to a training sequence. An early-late correlator correlates the correlation data series with the received data in order to generate a correction signal for the optimal sampling point.

Abstract: Systems and methods for encoding fractional bit rates in a communication system, such as a pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) communication system, are provided. The systems and methods enable a first transceiver to specify to a second transceiver a desired fractional bit rate for transmitting data to the first transceiver. In this manner, the systems and methods of the present invention for the first time enable a single standardized specification of a generalized transmitter that may be used to implement any type of fractional encoding or mapping.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for designing digital filters are provided. One method includes the steps of determining a real-valued discrete-frequency representation of a desired digital filter and transforming this discrete-frequency representation into a corresponding discrete-time representation. The discrete-time representation is circularly shifted and a window is applied to the discrete time representation to produce a zero-padded reduced length filter. Thereafter input signal x[n] is convolved with the reduced length filter.

Abstract: Noise generating section 106 generates noise data of a white Gaussian noise, and noise adding section 107 adds received data and the noise data. Channel estimating section 108 performs channel estimation using the added data output from noise adding section 107. At this point, when a level of a preceding signal is equal to or less than that of the noise data, channel estimating section 108 is not capable of detecting the preceding signal. Accordingly, in the case where a received level of a preceding signal is extremely lower than that of a delayed signal and a noise level is further lower than the received level of the preceding signal, it is possible to perform pre-equalization using the delayed signal as a desired signal, whereby it is possible to maintain the reception characteristic of a communication partner.

Abstract: A channel estimator, configured for supplying equalization coefficients to a frequency equalizer, is configured for determining equalizer coefficients for a received wireless signal based on a minimum equalization error-based estimation. The channel estimator is configured for identifying first and second long preambles from the received wireless signal, determining an equalization coefficient for a selected frequency based on a minimized cost function for the first and second long preambles relative to a prescribed preamble value for the selected frequency, and supplying the equalization coefficient for the selected frequency to a frequency equalizer for equalization of the received wireless signal.