Abstract: The present invention concerns ternary system comprising 40 to 65% water; 6 to 22% alcohol or a ketone; and 25 to 60% a fatty acid or an ester thereof forming spontaneously a stable, non-viscous and clear nanosized structures having cubic-like nanosized symmetry. The ternary system may be dispersed and used as a solubilizing medium for hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances.

Abstract: The invention is directed to liquid crystal compositions for use in bistable liquid crystal devices and to bistable liquid crystal devices containing said liquid crystal compositions. The liquid crystal composition comprises a component (?) said component (?) containing one or more compounds having a phenyl ring of formula A Whereby XA is F, CI, SF5, NCS or a C1 to C8 alkanyl, alkenyl or alkoxy radical substituted with at least one F atom; and LA is H or F.

Abstract: A new liquid crystal compound comprises two condensed and substituted rings. The ring preferably is a five-membered heterocyclic ring. The heterocyclic ring is preferably condensed with benzene ring or an aromatic six-membered heterocyclic ring. The benzene ring or the aromatic six-membered heterocyclic ring is preferably substituted with a group comprising a cyclic structure and a chain structure. The liquid crystal compound is advantageously used in preparation of a thin phase retarder, such as a wide-ranged ?/4 plate, which gives inverse wavelength distribution. The phase retarder can be easily produced according to a simple process by using the new liquid crystal compound.

Abstract: Disclosed are liquid-crystalline medium, use thereof for electro-optical purposes, and displays containing this medium, wherein the medium contains one or more compounds of formula I and one or more compounds of formulae K-1 to K-11, containing a CF2O bridge.

Abstract: The invention relates to mixtures comprising at least one polymer, additionally comprising structural units containing at least one element from the 4th main group different from carbon and additionally comprising structural units that are triplet emissives. The inventive materials are better suited to the use in phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes than comparable prior art materials.

Abstract: Provided are a light emitting layer including molten salt and an organic electroluminescent device comprising the light emitting layer. When the organic electroluminescent device is operated, a field induction charge separation layer is formed in the light emitting layer including the molten salt and thus, carrier injection is improved, thereby providing a light emitting layer having improved light emitting efficiency. An organic electroluminescent device including the light emitting layer has low operating voltage and long lifespan.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for treating surfaces, comprising a copolymer as component A, synthesized from (meth)acrylic acid or salts thereof, a carboxylate-containing monomer and/or monomers containing groups containing phosphoric and/or phosphonic acid or salts thereof, and further comonomers if desired, to a passivating layer on a metal surface, which comprises component A, to a process for forming said passivating layer, and to the use of the composition of the invention to passivate a metal surface.

Abstract: The present invention is to manufacture the organic silver solution by dissolving silver oxide in an organic solvent, and further provide an ink enabling a conductive circuit to be formed by applying it to an inkjet printer. Also, it is to provide a method for forming a conductive circuit on various substrates by printing it through the inkjet printer using the manufactured ink and further heat-treating it. The organic silver solution, a composition according to the present invention, can be manufactured by dissolving silver oxide in an amine-based compound and a lactone-based compound (or a lactam-based compound, a carbonate-based compound, a cyclic acid anhydride-based compound) by reacting the former an the latter, and in order to ensure the appropriate liquid fluidity for the inkjet printer, the ink was manufactured by adding an organic solvent, such as alcohol, a surfactant and the like thereto.

Abstract: An organic additive to an electrolyte for a battery cell in an implant able medical device is presented. At least one organic additive is selected from a group comprising one of lithium salivate, hydroxyphthalic anhydride, a hydroxybenzoic acid, salivate ester, salicylamide, and salicylanilide.

Abstract: Photocurable, conductive, and transparent polymer coating compositions and methods of using the same are provided. The compositions include a photopolymer and an electrically conductive polymer dissolved or dispersed in a solvent system. Preferred photopolymers include water-miscible, multifunctional acrylates. Preferred electrically conductive polymers include poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT-PSS). The compositions preferably also contain a photoinitiator and may contain a water-immiscible acrylate and/or a surfactant. The compositions are applied to substrates and exposed to actinic radiation such as ultraviolet (UV) light to form a cured, durable, conductive, and transparent coating.

Abstract: An object is to provide an electromagnetic wave shielding film and a method of manufacturing the same, exhibiting a high electromagnetic wave shielding property and high transparency at the same time, which is capable of easily forming a thin line pattern, and also exhibiting excellent sharpness together with excellent color tone. Another object is further to provide an electromagnetic wave shielding film and an optical film which are utilized for a plasma display panel by using an electromagnetic wave shielding film of the present invention. Disclosed are an electromagnetic wave shielding film possessing a metal portion and a light transparent portion, wherein the metal portion comprises a metal ion reducing agent, and an auxiliary agent by which reaction with a metal ion reducing agent is accelerated, and the method of manufacturing an electromagnetic wave shielding film thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides a flame retardant composition comprising 1-99 weight parts of a salt of piperazine and an inorganic compound selected from among piperazine phosphate, piperazine pyrophosphate and piperazine polyphosphate, or a mixture of two or more of these piperazine salts (ingredient (A)), 99-1 weight parts of a salt of melamine and an inorganic compound selected from among melamine phosphate, melamine pyrophosphate and melamine polyphosphate, or a mixture of two or more of these melamine salts (ingredient (B) ) (wherein, the sum of ingredient (A) and ingredient (B) is 100 weight parts), 0-50 weight parts of an arbitrary ingredient (ingredient (C)), and 0.01-20 weight parts of a silicone oil having a viscosity at 25° C. of 5000 mm2/s (ingredient (D)) which is added thereto. This flame retardant not only has superior flame retarding properties, but also has enhanced powder properties and anti-hygroscopic properties, and when it is added to a resin, there is little change of electrical resistance.

Abstract: The invention provides a submicron magnesium hydroxide particulate composition comprising a first distribution of magnesium hydroxide particles having a D50 of no more than about 0.30 ?m, a D90 of no more than about 1.5 ?m, and a BET surface area of at least about 35 m2/g, which can be used as a flame-retardant additive for synthetic polymers, optionally in combination with other flame-retardant additives such as nanoclays and larger-sized magnesium hydroxide particulate compositions. Polymeric resins comprising the submicron magnesium hydroxide particles and methods of manufacturing submicron magnesium hydroxide particles are also provided.

Abstract: Fire retardant composition has an insecticide. It can include a fire suppressing salt with insecticide. It can comprise a mixture of a substantially neutral ammonium phosphate salt in combination with an active hydrogen-containing nitrogenous organic compound, and a hydroxyl-containing carbonific, plus the insecticide. The composition may further include another active agent, for example, a mold inhibitor. The insecticide may be, for example, a termiticide.

Abstract: A tool for attachment to a foot or shoe of a user for levering a workpiece, such as a sheet of wall board. The tool has a body having a first portion for positioning under a forward part of the sole of a user's foot, and a second portion connected to the first portion and extending forwardly therefrom. The second portion is angled upwardly with respect to the first portion. A top strap is connected to the body; and a heel strap is also connected to the body. Also disclosed is a method of using the tool by placing the tool on the foot of a user and engaging a portion of the second portion under a workpiece by laying the second portion substantially flat on an environmental surface below the workpiece. In this position, the first portion is elevated above the surface at an angle.

Abstract: A portable safety barrier that can be set up across a drive way or other path to provide a visible and physical indication of a safe zone boundary particularly for children. Netting attached to a core or reel disposed in a housing forms the barrier. The netting is free to deploy from the housing for attachment to a remote post; both the housing and post including an auger for anchoring the housing and post to ground. The housing has a rewind system to reel in the netting which includes a gear train for mechanical advantage. The rewind system operates manually and with out a bias assist. A selectively operated stop cooperates with the rewind system to tighten the netting after deployment and keeps the netting taut.

Abstract: A bollard assembly having a post and a sleeve. The post has a cylindrical post wall forming a cavity and a passage in the post wall. The passage has a first section that extends longitudinally along the post wall and a second section that intersects the first section and extends crosswise to the first section. The sleeve has a cylindrical sleeve wall forming a cavity and a latch pin that is attached to the sleeve wall and extends into the cavity. The sleeve is adapted to receive the post such that the latch pin travels through the passage in the post wall.

Abstract: A GaN-based semiconductor photocathode is applied to an electron tube. A GaN-based compound semiconductor layer is laterally grown on a substrate, and incorporated in the electron tube. The crystal defects of the compound semiconductor layer are reduced, whereby an electron tube which has inconceivably high sensitivity is realized.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide a light emitting device which can display a superior image in which luminescent color from each light emitting layer is beautifully displayed and power consumption is lowered in a light emitting element in which light emitting layers are stacked. One feature of the invention is that, in a light emitting element which comprises light emitting layers stacked between electrodes, each distance between each light emitting layer and an electrode is approximately oddly multiplied ¼ wavelength by controlling a thickness of a layer provided therebetween to enhance luminous output efficiency. Another feature of the invention is that a drive voltage is lowered using a high conductive material for the layer compared with a conventional element.

Abstract: A semiconductor light emitting device is provided. The semiconductor light emitting device includes a first nitride layer, an active layer, and a second nitride layer. The first nitride layer includes an irregular, uneven surface, and the active layer is formed on the irregular, uneven surface. The second nitride layer is formed on the active layer. A plurality of quantum dots are formed at the active layer.

Abstract: Organic Field Effect Transistor (OFET), an Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED), an and an Organic Photovoltaic Cell (OPC) including as active material a congugated oligomeric or polymeric 2,7-carbazolenevinylene derivative described by the formula (I) or (II): Such OFETs, OLEDs and OPCs have improved devices properties and efficiencies.

Abstract: A ?-conjugated aromatic ring-containing compound represented by the formula (1) below is relatively stable and useful as a light-emitting material for light from blue-violet region to red region. [In the formula, R1-R6 independently represent a hydrogen atom or the like; A and D independently represent a pyridine ring, pyrimidine ring, pyridazine ring, pyrazine ring, furan ring, pyrrole ring, pyrazole ring, imidazole ring, thiophene ring, benzothiadiazole ring, thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine ring, furo[3,4-b]pyrazine ring, 6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine ring or the like; a1, a2 and a3 independently represent 0 or 1; and n1 and n2 independently represent an integer of 1-5.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to organic photosensitive optoelectronic devices and methods of use for determining the position of a light source. Provided is an organic position sensitive detector (OPSD) comprising: a first electrode, which is resistive and may be either an anode or a cathode; a first contact in electrical contact with the first electrode; a second contact in electrical contact with the first electrode; a second electrode disposed near the first electrode; a donor semiconductive organic layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and an acceptor semiconductive organic layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and adjacent to the donor semiconductive organic layer. A hetero-junction is located between the donor layer and the acceptor layer, and at least one of the donor layer and the acceptor layer is light absorbing.

Abstract: A vertical organic transistor is disclosed, which includes at least: a collector contact layer disposed on a substrate; a first organic semiconductor layer disposed on the collector contact layer; a base contact layer disposed on the first organic semiconductor layer, wherein the base contact layer comprises no less than two layers of hetero-metal layers or hetero-conductive organic layers; a second organic semiconductor layer disposed on the base contact layer; and an emitter contact layer disposed on the second organic semiconductor layer. Device properties such as output current and Ion/Ioff rate can be improved by using the vertical organic transistor of this invention.

Abstract: The invention includes embodiments that relate to a method of making an organic light-emitting device comprising at least one bilayer structure. The method comprises providing at least one first layer comprising at least one cross-linkable organic material and at least one photo acid generator; exposing the first layer to a radiation source to afford a cross-linked first layer; and disposing at least one second layer on the cross-linked first layer. The method affords a bilayer structure having an enhanced structural integrity relative to the corresponding bilayer structure in which the first layer is not cross-linked. The invention also includes embodiments that relate to an organic light emitting device.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed to mixed-scale electronic interfaces, included in integrated circuits and other electronic devices, that provide for dense electrical interconnection between microscale features of a predominantly microscale or submicroscale layer and nanoscale features of a predominantly nanoscale layer. The predominantly nanoscale layer, in one embodiment of the present invention, comprises a tessellated pattern of submicroscale or microscale pads densely interconnected by nanowire junctions between sets of parallel, closely spaced nanowire bundles. The predominantly submicroscale or microscale layer includes pins positioned complementarily to the submicroscale or microscale pads in the predominantly nanoscale layer.

Abstract: A top emission type organic light emitting display includes an organic light emitting diode in which an anode, a light emitting layer and a transparent cathode are successively deposited. The cathode has a sandwiched structure in which a transparent oxide layer is inserted between the metal layers. Exemplary embodiments of the cathode of the present invention have better electric conductivity than a conventional cathode of an organic light emitting diode device, and thus has lower power consumption than a conventional top emission organic light emitting display with similar light transmission.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an organic light-emitting device with an integrated color filter and a method for manufacturing the same. The organic light-emitting device is manufactured with a metal layer depositing process for raising the source/drain layer so that the sidewall area of a pixel electrode formed in a contact hole is reduced and thus the contact resistance of the pixel electrode is decreased for reducing power loss. Moreover, since the sidewall of the contact hole formed by the method of the invention is not overly abrupt, the breaking or cracking of the portion of the pixel electrode formed in the contact hole can be prevented.

Abstract: Disclosed is an organic light emitting display device including a first substrate defining a pixel region and a non-pixel region. An organic light emitting element comprising a first electrode, an organic thin film layer and a second electrode are formed in the pixel region. A scan driver is formed in the non-pixel region. A second substrate is sealed spaced apart from the pixel region and the non-pixel region of the first substrate. A frit is formed along an edge of a non-pixel region of the second substrate, wherein the frit is formed so that it can be overlapped with a region excluding an active area of the scan driver formed in the non-pixel region.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are organic memory devices and methods for fabricating such devices. The organic memory devices comprise a first electrode, a second electrode and an organic active layer extending between the first and second electrodes wherein the organic active layer is formed from one or more electrically conductive organic materials that contain heteroatoms and which are configured in such a manner as that the heteroatoms are available for linking or complexing metal atoms within the organic active layer. The metal ions may then be reduced to form metal filaments within the organic active layer to form a low resistance state and the metal filaments may, in turn, be oxidized to form a high resistance state and thereby function as memory devices.

Abstract: An electronic device can include an organic active layer and an electrode. In one aspect, the electrode can further include a first layer that is conductive, and a second layer that is conductive. The second layer can include a defect extending at least partly through a thickness of the second conductive layer. The electrode can also include a third layer lying within and substantially filling the defect, wherein each of the second and third layers includes a same metallic element. In another aspect, a process for forming an electronic device can include forming an organic active layer and forming a first layer that is conductive and is part of an electrode. The process can also include forming a second layer and exposing the second layer to a first plasma to form a first compound from the second layer.

Abstract: A conducting polymer, the conducting polymer composition further including an ionomer, and an organic optoelectronic device including the conducting polymer or the composition are provided. The conducting polymer according to the embodiments of the present invention is a self-doped conducting polymer in which conducting polymer chains are grafted in a polyacid. The conducting polymer composition to the present invention is manufactured by blending the self-doped conducting polymer with an ionomer having a physical cross-linking property thereto, and thus they are homogeneously dissolved in water or organic solvents. The conducting polymer and the composition have a good film-forming property and can be easily blended with other organic polymers, and conductivity and a work function thereof is easily controlled according to the content of the ionomer. Also, optoelectronic devices including the conducting polymer composition have high efficiency and a long lifetime.

Abstract: A thin-film capacitor element having two conductive films and a dielectric film sandwiched therebetween is provided above a substrate. An inorganic protective film covering the thin-film capacitor element and having a second opening exposing at least a part of the conductive films is provided. An organic protective film covering the thin-film capacitor element from above the inorganic protective film and having a first opening therein, which is larger than the second opening and exposes the second opening, is provided. Besides, a bump connected with the conductive films via the first opening and the second opening is provided.

Abstract: Semiconductor elements deteriorate or are destroyed due to electrostatic discharge damage. The present invention provides a semiconductor device in which a protecting means is formed in each pixel. The protecting means is provided with one or a plurality of elements selected from the group consisting of resistor elements, capacitor elements, and rectifying elements. Sudden changes in the electric potential of a source electrode or a drain electrode of a transistor due to electric charge that builds up in a pixel electrode is relieved by disposing the protecting means between the pixel electrode of the light-emitting element and the source electrode or the drain electrode of the transistor. Deterioration or destruction of the semiconductor element due to electrostatic discharge damage is thus prevented.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent display (“OELD”) includes an organic light-emitting diode (“OLED”), a circuit region, and an interlayer dielectric (“ILD”) layer. The OLED is disposed in each of a plurality of pixels arranged on a substrate. The circuit region includes two or more thin film transistors (“TFTs”) and a storage capacitor. The ILD layer has two or more insulating layers and includes a first region disposed between both electrodes of the storage capacitor and a second region covering the TFTs. At least one of the insulating layers has a window exposing the insulating layer directly beneath the at least one insulating layer so that that the ILD layer is thinner in the first region than in the second region. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce an occupation area of the storage capacitor while maintaining the necessary capacitance of the storage capacitor and expanding the area of the luminescent region.

Abstract: In a method of fabricating a liquid crystal display, an insulating layer for storage capacitors is reduced in thickness to increase the storage capacity while maintaining the aperture ratio in a stable manner. A thin film transistor array panel for the liquid crystal display includes an insulating substrate, and a gate line assembly and a storage capacitor line assembly formed on the insulating substrate. The gate line assembly has gate lines and gate electrodes. A gate insulating layer covers the gate line assembly and the storage capacitor line assembly. A semiconductor pattern is formed on the gate insulating layer. A data line assembly and storage capacitor conductive patterns are formed on the gate insulating layer overlaid with the semiconductor pattern. The data line assembly has data lines, source electrodes and drain electrodes. The storage capacitor conductive patterns are partially overlapped with the storage capacitor line assembly to thereby form first storage capacitors.

Abstract: Provided is a VECSEL having an SHG crystal with a mirror surface. The VECSEL includes a laser chip, a folding mirror, and the SHG crystal. The laser chip emits rays having a first wavelength, and the folding mirror is disposed a predetermined distance from the laser chip and obliquely disposed with respect to the laser chip to obliquely reflect rays having the first wavelength emitted from the laser chip. The SHG crystal doubles a frequency of rays having the first wavelength reflected by the folding mirror to form rays having a second wavelength. A coating layer is formed on an emitting surface of the SHG crystal to reflect rays having the first wavelength whose frequency has not been doubled and transmit rays having the second wavelength whose frequency has been doubled in one embodiment, whereas in another embodiment it reflects the second wavelength for emission from the back surface of the folding mirror with a different combination of coatings on incident and emitting surfaces.

Abstract: A method for forming a polysilicon structure is provided. An amorphous silicon structure with a first amorphous silicon region and a second amorphous silicon region is formed in a first region and a second region of a substrate, respectively. The first amorphous silicon region is thinner than the second amorphous silicon region. The amorphous silicon structure is crystallized to form the polysilicon structure with a first polysilicon region and a second polysilicon region corresponding to the first amorphous silicon region and the second amorphous silicon region.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a compound semiconductor light-emitting device having side surfaces of large surface area to improve the efficiency for outwardly transmitting the emitted light. Another object of the present invention is to provide a technology capable of easily forming the side surfaces with large surface area without using a cutting tool and without the need of taking a trouble to impart mechanical damage. The inventive compound semiconductor light-emitting device has a light-emitting layer, on a substrate, wherein at least a part of a substrate portion of the device side surface has recessed portions in a side direction of the device.

Abstract: A structure for integrating LED circuit onto a heat-dissipation substrate is disclosed. At least an electronic component and a LED chip are integrated on a heat-dissipation substrate. The electronic component can be a passive component, a drive chip, an electrostatic discharge protection device, or a sensing component. Therefore, both wire-bonding area of the LED chip and the series resistance of wires are reduced while the heat dissipation efficiency is enhanced.

Abstract: A device (300) includes a driver circuit (200) having a field effect transistor (FET) (30), acting as a current sink, a current sense network (10), an operational amplifier (opamp) (20), and a light emitting diode (LED) (40). Current sense network (10) is connected to the source electrode (32) of FET (30), as well as to the inverting input terminal (22) of opamp (20). The non-inverting input terminal (24) of opamp (20) is coupled to a variable voltage control signal source (VDAC) (110). The output terminal (26) of opamp (20) is coupled to the gate electrode (36) of FET (30). LED (40) is connected to the drain electrode (34) of FET (30). The brightness of LED (40) is controlled by varying the amplitude of the VDAC control signal, and on/off status is controlled by a switch S1 disposed between the output terminal (26) of opamp (20) and the FET (30).

Abstract: An organic light-emitting display (OLED) includes a first substrate, a first organic light-emitting pixel area, a first driver, a second substrate, a system circuitry, and a conductive member. The second substrate is opposite to the first substrate. The first organic light-emitting pixel area is defined on the first substrate and is sealed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first driver disposed on the first substrate is used for driving the first organic light-emitting pixel area to generate images. The system circuitry disposed on the second substrate is for electrically connected to the first driver. The first substrate and the second substrate are electrically connected with each other through the conductive member.

Abstract: A mother substrate unit organic light emitting display in which grooves are formed on the internal surface where a scribing line is formed to scribe a mother substrate on which a plurality of display panels are formed into unit display panels so that a scribing process is easily performed and a method of fabricating the same are disclosed.

Abstract: A light emitting device for enhancing brightness is provided, comprising a first contact and a second contact provided on a light emitting diode and respectively connected with a first conductive lead and a second conductive of a transparent submount such that can achieve the purpose of supplying power for the light emitting diode, and a reflective layer disposed on other surface of the transparent submount, wherein a downward light generated from the light emitting diode can pass through the light emitting diode and the transparent submount to the outside of the light emitting device. Therefore, the brightness of the light emitting device can be enhanced.

Abstract: A light source unit includes a light emitting element, a substrate on which the light emitting surface is disposed, a sealing portion which transmits light from the light emitting surface and a collimator lens for forming light emitted from the sealing portion into a bundle of parallel rays of light, and the sealing portion has two or more convexly curved surfaces which project in a direction in which light is emitted therefrom.

Abstract: A semiconductor light emitting device includes a semiconductor layer having a recess extending downwardly from a top surface thereof along a pattern of a closed line so that said recess defines and encloses a region of the semiconductor layer that emits light, said semiconductor layer having a downward slope in at least a portion of its side end face located outside the closed line pattern of said recess; a first electrode on said downward slope of the side end face of the semiconductor layer and electrically in contact with a portion of said semiconductor layer, wherein said first electrode downwardly reflects light that is emitted by said semiconductor layer and that reaches the first electrode; and a second electrode electrically in contact with a portion of said semiconductor layer located inside the closed line pattern of said recess.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an organic memory device and a method for fabricating the device. The organic memory device may include a first electrode, a second electrode and an organic active layer wherein the organic active layer includes an upper organic material layer formed of an electrically conductive organic material containing heteroatoms and a lower organic material layer formed of an electrically non-conductive organic material containing heteroatoms. Because the organic memory device exhibits improved thermal stability and non-volatility, it may be well suited for use in nonvolatile large-capacity storage units. Flexible electrodes may be used in the organic memory device to fabricate flexible memory devices.

Abstract: A surface mount optical semiconductor device and circuit can efficiently transfer and dissipate heat even when being mounted together with electronic circuit components. The optical semiconductor device can include a lead frame having a concave portion for mounting a light-emitting element therein and a pair of electrode terminals connected to a board. A sealing resin portion can be provided for sealing a surrounding region of the concave portion. A bottom surface of the concave portion is located at a predetermined distance from a connecting surface on which the pair of electrode terminals is connected to the board. The bottom surface of the concave portion can also be exposed from a bottom surface of the sealing resin portion. Thus, the bottom surface of the concave portion and the device in general can be air-cooled efficiently.

Abstract: A light emitting diode having high light extraction efficiency and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The LED includes a semiconductor multiple layer including an active layer; a transparent electrode layer formed on the semiconductor multiple layer; and refraction field unit embedded in the transparent electrode layer and formed of a material having a different refractive index than the transparent electrode layer.

Abstract: Light-emitting articles and methods of manufacturing such articles are disclosed. In one aspect, a light emitting article includes an optical element having an input and an output aperture, each having a size. An LED die having a size is optically coupled to the optical element. The output aperture size of the optical element matches the LED die size. In another aspect, an array of light-emitting articles includes an array of optical elements having a lapped input aperture surface, and an array of LED dies optically coupled to the optical elements at the input aperture. In another aspect, an array of light-emitting articles includes an array of optical elements, and an array of LED dies, each LED die having a size. Each LED die is optically coupled to an optical element at the input aperture. The output aperture size of the optical element is matched to the LED die size.