Abstract: A stable blood factor composition contains a stabilizing amount of trehalose in the absence of human serum albumin to provide a product stable at up to 60° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a human CDR-grafted antibody against ganlioside GD3 (hereinafter referred to “GD3”), derivatives of an anti-GD3 antibody and cytokine, and use for treatment and diagnosis of the antibody and the derivatives.

Abstract: The invention relates to genetically engineered soluble fusion proteins composed of human proteins not belonging to the immunoglobulin family, or of parts thereof, and of various portions of the constant region of immunoglobulin molecules. The functional properties of the two fusion partners are surprisingly retained in the fusion protein.

Abstract: An antibody and a method for producing an antibody that specifically binds to a full length amino acid sequence of human Delta-1.

Abstract: The present invention provides FGF-CX, a novel isolated polypeptide, as well as a polynucleotide encoding FGF-CX and antibodies that immunospecifically bind to FGF-CX or any derivative, variant, mutant, or fragment of the FGF-CX polypeptide, polynucleotide or antibody. The invention additionally provides methods in which the FGF-CX polypeptide, polynucleotide and antibody are used in detection and treatment of a broad range of pathological states, as well as other uses.

Abstract: The growth hormone supergene family comprises greater than 20 structurally related cytokines and growth factors. A general method is provided for creating site-specific, biologically active conjugates of these proteins. The method involves adding cysteine residues to non-essential regions of the proteins or substituting cysteine residues for non-essential amino acids in the proteins using site-directed mutagenesis and then covalently coupling a cysteine-reactive polymer or other type of cysteine-reactive moiety to the proteins via the added cysteine residue. Disclosed herein are preferred sites for adding cysteine residues or introducing cysteine substitutions into the proteins, and the proteins and protein derivatives produced thereby.

Abstract: A light-driven energy generation system using proteorhodopsin is provided. Proteorhodopsin sequences were retrieved and amplified from naturally occurring members of the domain Bacteria using proteorhodopsin-specific polymerase chain reaction primers. Proteorhodopsin sequences were placed in expression vectors for production of proteorhodopsin proteins in a host, for instance, E. coli and other bacteria. The system also includes a light source and a source of retinal, that allows the system to convert light into biochemical energy. The generated biochemical energy could be mediated into electrical energy by a mediator.

Abstract: The present invention provides an genetically engineered cDNA of the rat bcl-x gene, which has at least one substitution selected from the substitutions that change residues 22 Tyr to Phe, residues 26 Gln to Asn and residues 165 Arg to Lys, in the coding region of rat bcl-x cDNA of SEQ ID NO: 1, a recombinant vector containing the engineered cDNA, a cell into which the recombinant vector was introduced, and an improved protein of Bcl-xL. The improved protein of Bcl-xL is useful as an ingredient for remedies for various diseases accompanied with cell death since it effectively inhibit cell death such as apoptosis.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of searching for and obtaining a vaccine against the pathogenic effects related to the infection of an animal or human host by a retrovirus that penetrates into a target cell of the host, and a vaccine obtained by the method are provided. The method includes preparing candidate vaccine agents based on a polypeptide comprising at least part of an envelope protein of a pathogenic strain of the retrovirus and selecting as the vaccine a modified polypeptide chosen from polypeptides that induces an immune response directed against an immunodominant region of an envelope protein of the retrovirus and not against a protein of the host.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the BSND (barttin) protein and nucleic acids encoding the BSND protein. The present invention provides assays for the detection of BSND and barttin polymorphisms and mutations associated with disease states.

Abstract: A gene that is a modulator of tumor growth and metastasis in certain cancer types is provided. This gene and corresponding polypeptide have diagnostic and therapeutic application for detecting and treating cancers that involve expression of BRCC2 such as breast cancer and lung cancer.

Abstract: A variety of zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) and methods utilizing such proteins are provided for use in treating neuropathic pain. ZFPs that bind to a target site in genes that are aberrantly expressed in subjects having neuropathic pain are described. In addition, ZFPs that bind to a target site in genes expressed at normal levels in subjects experiencing neuropathic pain, modulation of whose expression results in decreased pain perception, are also provided. For example, genes that are over-expressed in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of pain patients (e.g., VR1, TRKA and/or Nav1.8) can be repressed, whereas genes that are under-expressed in the same populations can be activated.

Abstract: An isolated nucleic acid obtainable from the VRN2 locus of a plant, which nucleic acid encodes a polypeptide which is capable of affecting one or more physical characteristics of a plant into which the nucleic acid is introduced, the physical characteristics being selected from vernalization response, flowering time, leaf size, and/or shape or shade avoidance response; alleles, fragment and derivatives thereof; polypeptides encoded by such nucleic acids; antibodies to such peptides.

Abstract: The present invention features peptides of a PorB polypeptide, which PorB peptides are useful in production of antibodies that bind the full-length PorB polypeptide and as a therapeutic agent. In specific embodiments the invention features a composition comprising one or more PorB peptides (other than a full-length PorB polypeptide), which peptides contain at least one epitope that can elicit Chlamydia-neutralizing antibodies. The invention also features methods for induction of a protective immune response against infection by Chlamydia and Chlamydiophila.

Abstract: The invention is directed to isolated promoters from stem-regulated, defense-inducible genes, such as JAS promoters. The promoters are useful in expression cassettes and expression vectors for the transformation of plants. Particularly, the invention provides transgenic plants of rice and sugarcane that have been modified such that expression of a heterologous coding sequence is directed by an JAS promoter and is limited to stem tissues or may be upregulated by the presence of a defense-inducing agent. The invention also discloses methods for producing the expression vectors and transgenic plants.

Abstract: This invention provides polyanionic polymer conjugates containing non-nucleotide polyanionic polymers that are useful in detecting target analytes such as proteins or small molecules. The invention also provides nanoparticles bound to polyanionic polymer conjugates and methods of preparation and use thereof. The polyanionic polymer conjugates have the formula: L-O—[PO2—O-Z-O]n—PO2—O—X wherein n ranges from 1 to 200; L represents a moiety comprising a functional group for attaching the polyanion polymer to the nanoparticle surface; Z represents a bridging group, and X represents Q, X? or -Q-X?, wherein Q represents a functional group for attaching a recognition probe to the polyanion polymer, and X? represents a recognition probe.

Abstract: A process for purifying and preparing highly pure acarbose from acarbose-containing fermentation broth. The acarbose is purified through steps of alcohol precipitation, a strongly acidic cation exchanger chromatography and an immobolized enzyme affinity chromatography. Acarbose is generally applied in treating diabetes.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for inhibiting polymerization of (meth)acrylic acid and its esters using a polymerization inhibitor which comprises at least one reduced halide-content azine dye-based compound. A process for producing reduced halide-content azine dye-based compounds using ion exchange resin technology is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the catalytic preparation of melamine by decomposition of urea over particular solid catalysts using a main reactor and an after-reactor. A catalyst having a low Lewis acidity is used in the main reactor and a catalyst having an equal or preferably higher Lewis acidity is used in the after-reactor.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to 1,2,3,4,10,10a,-hexahydropyrazino[1,2-a]indole derivatives as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates and esters thereof, wherein R1 to R8 have the significance given in claim 1 be used in the form of pharmaceutical preparations for the treatment or prevention of disorders of the central nervous system, damage to the central nervous system, cardiovascular disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, diabetes insipidus, obesity and sleep apnea.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with novel hexafluoroisopropanol substituted cyclohexane derivatives of formula (I) wherein R1 to R4, X, m and n are as defined in the description and in the claims, as well as physiologically acceptable salts and esters thereof. These compounds bind to LXR alpha and LXR beta and can be used as medicaments.

Abstract: Novel non-steroidal compounds are provided which are useful in treating diseases associated with modulation of the glucocorticoid receptor, AP-1, and/or NF-?B activity including obesity, diabetes, inflammatory and immune diseases, and have the structure of formula (I) or stereoisomers or prodrugs or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein B, J, K, Z, R, Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd, Rq, Rw, m and n are defined herein. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treating obesity, diabetes and inflammatory or immune associated diseases comprising said compounds.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I, Wherein X is N, n is 1 and R2and R3 together form a ring, R, R1 and R4 are as defined in the specifications.

Abstract: Thiazolinone monosubstituted quinoline derivatives where the quinoline ring is mono-substituted at the 4 positions which derivatives demonstrates CDK1 antiproliferative activity and are useful as anti-cancer agents.

Abstract: Compounds represented by the following general formula: [wherein Ag is an optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heterocyclic group, etc.; Xg is —O—, —S—, etc.; Yg is an optionally substituted C6-14 aryl group, an optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heterocyclic group, etc.; and Tg1 is a group represented by the following general formula: (wherein Eg is a single bond or —N(Rg2)—, Rg1 and Rg2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl group, etc. and Zg represents a C1-8 alkyl group, a C3-8 alicyclic hydrocarbon group, a C6-14 aryl group, etc.)], salts thereof or hydrates of the foregoing.

Abstract: Fluorescent dyes and probes are key components in multiphoton based fluorescence microscopy imaging of biological samples. In order to address the demand for better performing dyes for two-photon based imaging, a new series of reactive fluorophores tailored for multiphoton imaging has been disclosed. These fluorophores are based upon the fluorene ring system, known to exhibit high fluorescence quantum yields, typically >0.7, and possess high photostability. They have been functionalized with moieties to act, e.g., as efficient amine-reactive fluorescent probes for the covalent attachment onto, e.g., proteins and antibodies. The synthesis and the single-photon spectral characteristics, as well as measured two-photon absorption cross sections of the reactive fluorophores in solution are presented. Spectral characterizations of bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugated with the new reactive probe is presented.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the field of substituted tetrazole synthesis and manufacture. More particularly, the present invention is directed to processes for preparing substituted tetrazoles and tetrazolate salts, such as sodium nitrotetrazolate and sodium cyanotetrazolate, using small scale and/or microreactor techniques. The use of the present techniques result in less hazardous and more efficient manufacturing processes.

Abstract: This invention describes a one pot, single-step process for the preparation of halide-free hydrophobic salts comprising polyalkylated imidazolium cations and various anions in accordance with the following structure, where R1 and R3 represent the either the same or different alkyl groups, and R2, R4, and R5 represent either hydrogen atoms, or the same or different alkyl group substituents; X represents a polyatomic anion that is the conjugate base of an acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a group of novel thieno-pyrrole compounds of Formula (I): wherein: R1, R2, R5, R6, R6a, R7, R8, A, B and M are as defined in the specification, which are useful as gonadotrophin releasing hormone antagonists. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical formulations of said compounds, methods of treatment using said compounds and to processes for the preparation of said compounds.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for preparing N-substituted phthalimides of Formula I which are widely useful as intermediates in the preparation of organic compounds such as pharmaceuticals

Abstract: A process for preparing cyclopentadiene derivatives comprising the steps of: a) coupling a five membered heterocycle ring with a five or six membered heterocycle ring; b) reacting the obtained compound with a carbonilating system: c) reducing the obtained compound.

Abstract: Provided herein are enzymatic methods of producing steroid compounds such as 7-dehydropregnenolone, hydroxy derivatives thereof and vitamin D2- and D3-like compounds and derivatives thereof. Also provided are the derivatives of the vitamin D3-like compounds so generated via the action of cytochrome P450scc enzyme on substrates 7-dehydrocholesterol, vitamin D2 or vitamin D3.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for an industrial scale extraction and purification of xanthophylls (e.g., lutein and zeaxanthin) from plant material (e.g., alfalfa or other leafy green crops having high levels of chlorophyll). The process involves harvesting lutein rich alfalfa, extracting an oleoresin from the alfalfa leaves, saponifying the oleoresin, extracting and extracting lutein using a series of solvent extractions specific for oleoresin obtained from alfalfa or other leafy green plants.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel use of a prostaglandin compound as a chloride channel opener. According to the instant invention, chloride channels in a mammalian subject can be opened by a prostaglandin compound to facilitate chloride ion transportation.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel acylated aminopropanediols and the nitrogen and sulfur analogues thereof, pharmaceutical compositions comprising same, therapeutic uses thereof, in particular for the treatment of cerebral ischemia. The invention also provides a method of preparing said derivatives.

Abstract: Astaxanthin derivatives of the general formula (I) wherein R is in each case group —NH—CH(R1)—COOR2, —OR3 or —(Y)n-Z and R1, R2, R3, Y, Z and n are significances given in detail in the description, are novel compounds with improved stability during extrusion at the elevated temperatures as required in feed manufacture and during the storage of the manufactured feed and which accordingly are useful as pigmenting carotinoids for feed for aquatic animals. The derivatives are produced by reacting astaxanthin with the pertinent acid RCOOH as such or as its acid chloride RCOC1 or acid anhydride (RCO)2O, or, in the cases where R signifies a group —NH—CH(R1)—COOR2, with the appropriate N-carbonyl-amino acid ester of the formula OCNCH(R1)COOR2.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for hydrocyanating ethylenically unsaturated organic compounds to compounds containing at least one nitrile function. It relates more particularly to the hydrocyanation of diolefins such as butadiene or of substituted olefins such as alkenenitriles, for instance pentenenitriles. According to the process of the invention the reaction is implemented in the presence of a metal complex catalyst comprising a transition metal such as nickel and an organic ligand.

Abstract: A process for purifying N2-(1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-N6-trifluoroacetyl-L-lysine which comprises subjecting N2-(1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-N6-trifluoroacetyl-L-lysine contaminated with impurities to crystallization from a solvent comprising a water-soluble non-protic organic solvent, thereby removing the impurities into the mother liquor and giving crystals of N2-(1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-N6-trifluoroacetyl-L-lysine, according to which N2-(1(S)-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)-N6-trifluoroacetyl-L-lysine having a high quality can be obtained in a high yield and a high productivity and which is suitable for practice on an industrial scale.

Abstract: In a process for producing tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decane-2-carboxylic acid ester by reacting tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]deca-3-ene with carbon monoxide and alcohol in the presence of HF, carried out separately are (a) a step in which tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]deca-3-ene is reacted with carbon monoxide to produce acyl fluoride and (b) a step in which acyl fluoride obtained in the step described above is reacted with alcohol to produce an ester. Also, the reaction conditions at the step (a) described above are selected or a step for carrying out isomerization reaction of tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decane-2-carboxylic fluoride obtained at the step (a) is interposed between the step (a) and the step (b). Further, the crude product of tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decane-2-carboxylic acid ester thus obtained is subjected to contact treatment with specific glycol in the presence of an acid catalyst and then distilled.

Abstract: There is provided an optically active copper catalyst composition comprising (a) an optically active salicylideneaminoalcohol represented by the formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different, and independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; X1 and X2 are the same or different, and independently represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkoxy group, a nitro group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, a cyano group or a halogen atom; and * represents an asymmetric center, provided that both of X1 and X2 don't represent hydrogen atoms, (b) a monovalent or divalent copper compound, and (c-1) a lithium compound or (c-2) a compound selected from aluminum compounds having Lewis acidity, titanium compounds having Lewis acidity, boron compounds having Lewis acidity, zirconium compounds having Lewis acidity and hafnium compounds having Lewis acidity; and a process for producing an optically act

Abstract: Novel mixed esters of dicarboxylic acids with monohydric fatty alcohols and propoxylated fatty alcohols show unexpected superior properties as pigment dispersants, especially for inorganic pigments used in foundations, make-ups, lipsticks and physical sunscreens. The compounds of the present invention show superior pigment wetting and dispersing properties, as demonstrated by their ability to form fluid, very high-solids dispersions, while exhibiting unusual emolliency and gloss formation.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for the preparation of a dicarbonyl compound of formula (I) R1COCFR2COR3 wherein R1 is selected from alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl and acetoxy, R2 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, acetoxy, aryl and substituted aryl, and R3 is selected from alkyl, substitued alkyl, oxyalkyl and substituted oxyalkyl, the method comprising treating a dicarbonyl compound of formula (II) R1COCHR2COR3 with elemental fluorine in a solvent which consists of methanol or aqueous methanol. The method provides an inexpensive and convenient synthetic route to 2-fluoro- and 2,2-difluoro-1,3-diketones and -1,3-ketoesters.

Abstract: Disclosed is a carbonylation process wherein a mixture of a dialkyl carbonate and halide compound is contacted with carbon monoxide in the presence of a metal selected from Group VIII of the Periodic Table to co-produce carbon dioxide and a carbonyl compound selected from a carboxylic acid, an alkyl carboxylate ester, a carboxylic acid anhydride or a mixture of any two or more thereof. The carbon dioxide co-product of the process may be recovered, and sold or further reacted with a suitable substrate to produce useful chemicals such as urea or cyclic carbonates.

Abstract: Esters are formed by reaction of acetic anhydride with tertiary butyl or tertiary anyl alcohol in the presence of tertiary amine catalyst such as DMAP or NMI catalyst and acetic acid in amount sufficient to present catalyst degradation; in preferred practice a mixed acetic anhydride and acetic acid stream is recycled to the esterfication.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods of preparation of sulfonate derivatized compounds, e.g., 3-amino-1-propanesulfonic acid and 1,3-propanedisulfonic acid disodium salt with increased purity, with reduced potential for toxic by-products, and that are pharmaceutically useful, e.g., for the treatment of amyloidosis.

Abstract: Provided herein are improved methods for producing methacrylic acid and methacrylate esters using combined or “integrated” processing steps including integrated hydrolysis, integrated cracking systems, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, other aspects of an methacrylic acid and methacrylate ester production trains are integrated. Also provided are methods to purify crude methacrylic acid streams to form glacial methacrylic acid that is at least 95% pure.

Abstract: A process for the continuous gas-phase oxidation of C3- and C4-precursors to (meth)acrolein and/or (meth)acrylic acid in the presence of a catalyst in a reactor which has a feed for the reaction mixture at one reactor end and removal of the reaction mixture at the opposite reactor end and which is equipped with means, arranged in the interior of the reactor, for removing the heat of reaction, through which means a heat exchange composition flows and which means are in the form of heat exchanger plates, is proposed.

Abstract: This invention is related to a shell-and-tube type reactor provided with reaction tubes packed with a catalyst and adapted to circulate a heat medium to the fluid outside the tubes and is characterized by a method introducing a gas into the catalyst beds so as to retain the relative humidity of the catalyst in the range of more than 40% while elevating the temperature of the reactor thereby starting up the reactor. This method prevents the catalyst from degradation of activity due to absorption of moisture, exalts the service life of the catalyst, and permits stable production of methacrylic acid.

Abstract: A process for preparing (meth)acrylic acid by heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase partial oxidation of a saturated hydrocarbon precursor compound, in which the charging gas mixture contains from 5 to 25% by volume of steam and the molar ratio of molecular oxygen present in the charging gas mixture to saturated hydrocarbon precursor compound present in the charging gas mixture is from 1.5:1 to 2.5:1.

Abstract: Acrylic acid is prepared from propene by means of gas-phase oxidation by a process in which a starting gas mixture which contains propene and steam and whose molar propene/steam ratio is ?1 and whose propane content is ?5% is passed at elevated temperatures through a fixed catalyst bed comprising successive catalyst part-beds A and B, the part-bed A passed through first containing, as active material, a mixed oxide containing the elements Mo, Bi and Fe and the part-bed B containing, as active material, a mixed oxide containing the elements Mo and V, in a manner such that at least 96.5 mol % of propene are converted in a single pass through part-bed A.