Abstract: In a baseband video transmission system for transmission of a video signal at a baseband based on the DVI standard, a transmitting device multiplexes a data signal representing data other than video during at least one blanking period of component video signals of the video signal to generate a DVI signal. A receiving device receives the DVI signal, and extracts the data signal from the received DVI signal.

Abstract: A video signal processing apparatus which is provided for a digital video decoder and can automatically and properly adjust a fluctuation of the number of sampling data of digital composite video signals includes: an adjusting circuit which performs a partial adding/deleting process to the video signals so as to correct the fluctuation in number of sampling data constructing the digital composite video signals supplied to the decoder; and a discriminating circuit which compares the number of sampling data of each video signal and the preset reference number of sampling data and outputs an operation signal for the adding/deleting process to the adjusting circuit when a difference between them as a comparison result lies within a predetermined adjusting range.

Abstract: A VSB reception system includes a sequence generator for decoding a symbol corresponding to the supplemental data and generating a predefined sequence included in the supplemental data at VSB transmission system. The reception system also includes a modified legacy VSB receiver for processing the data received from the VSB transmission system in a reverse order of the VSB transmission system by using the sequence, and a demultiplexer for demultiplexing the data from the modified legacy VSB receiver into the MPEG data and the supplemental data. The VSB reception system also includes a supplemental data processor for processing the supplemental data segment from the demultiplexer in a reverse order of the transmission system, to obtain the supplemental data, thereby carrying out the slicer prediction, decoding, and symbol decision more accurately by using the predefined sequence, to improve a performance.

Abstract: A tuner of a digital television signal translator tunes to receive an RF digital television signal on a first selected television channel. A demodulator provides a baseband digital television signal from the RF digital television signal to which the tuner is tuned. The baseband television signal includes a data component identifying the first selected channel. A data replacer replaces the data component identifying the first selected channel with a data component identifying a second selected channel different from the first selected channel. The output of a modulator is modulated by the baseband television signal including the data component identifying the second selected channel for transmission as a digital television signal on the second selected channel.

Abstract: A projection-type display apparatus for projecting an image onto a screen includes a light source, a signal processing unit for processing an input image signal to output a first image signal representing first primary-color information R1, G1, and B1 representing values of red, green, and blue components of an image to be projected, a signal conversion unit for converting the first image signal into a second image signal representing a coefficient M which depends on luminance of the image to be projected defined by the first primary-color information R1, G1, and B1, and into a third image signal representing second primary-color information R2=R1/M, G2=G1/M, and B2=B1/M.

Abstract: An array substrate of a liquid crystal display being capable of increasing the electrostatic capacitance of a storage capacitor without decreasing the aperture ratio of the LCD. In the array substrate, the gate line is formed a disposed material of a first and a second metal layer. The first metal layer of the gate line is extended on the pixel area.

Abstract: An active matrix liquid crystal display device is provided, in which an after image remaining after removing an application of a direct current voltage is suppressed. The active matrix liquid crystal display device has a liquid crystal layer containing a liquid crystal molecule having negative dielectric anisotropy and a dopant having a dissociative group.

Abstract: A semi-transmission type liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel LPN in which a liquid crystal layer LQ is held between an array substrate AR and a counter-substrate CT that are disposed to face each other, a first polarization control element POL1 provided on an outer surface of the array substrate AR, which is opposed to a surface of the array substrate AR that holds the liquid crystal layer LQ, and a second polarization control element POL2 provided on an outer surface of the counter-substrate CT, which is opposed to a surface of the counter-substrate CT that holds the liquid crystal layer LQ. The first polarization control element POL1 and second polarization control element POL2 control a polarization state of light that passes therethrough, such that light in a polarization state of elliptically polarized light is to be incident on the liquid crystal layer LQ.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) color filter comprises a first substrate, a circular polarizer on the first substrate, a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) color filter on the circular polarizer, a first electrode on the cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) color filter, a second substrate spaced apart from the first substrate, a second electrode beneath the second substrate, a liquid crystal layer between the first and second electrodes, a back light under the first substrate, a diffusive film on the second substrate, a retardation layer on the diffusive film, and a linear polarizer on the retardation layer.

Abstract: The invention can provide a liquid crystal display device in which a homeotropic alignment liquid crystal layer is interposed between a pair of substrates and a transmissive display region and a reflective display region are provided in one dotregion. A liquid crystal layer thickness-adjusting layer for making the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the reflective display region smaller than the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the transmissive display region can be formed between at least one substrate of the pair of substrates and the liquid crystal layer, and wherein, in at least one substrate of the pair of substrates, convex portions that protrude from the internal surface of the substrate to the inside of the liquid crystal layer are formed in the transmissive display region in the dot region and in the region where the liquid crystal layer thickness-adjusting layer is formed outside the dot region.

Abstract: In view of the above problems of the prior art, the present invention has been made, and an object of the present invention is to provide a board, which is free from coloring, has high color tone quality, can realize a bright display screen, and imposes no significant restriction on the provision of an electric circuit, and a display device comprising the board, and further provides a liquid crystal display board, which is excellent in color contrast between transmission display and reflection display, and a semi-transmission color liquid crystal display device comprising the liquid crystal display board. A board according to the invention comprises a light transparent substrate and a cholesteric layer provided on the substrate and provided with an optical window of a predetermined pattern.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus of aligning liquid crystal, a first ion beam is formed. The first ion beam is transformed into a second ion beam having transformed cross-section. The second ion beam advances toward a thin film including carbon-carbon double bond. The second ion beam forms a first angle with respect to the thin film. The second ion beam is transformed into an atomic beam. The atomic beam is irradiated onto the thin film to break the carbon-carbon double bond. The carbon-carbon double bond is broken to form a polarized functional group for aligning a liquid crystal molecule.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is provided, which includes: first and second panels facing each other, interposing a gap therebetween, and first and second field generating electrodes, respectively; a liquid crystal layer filled in the gap and including a plurality of liquid crystal molecules; first and second tilt direction defining members disposed on the first and the second panels, respectively, and giving a first tilt direction to a group of the liquid crystal molecules; and a third tilt direction defining member disposed on one of the first and the second panels and giving a second tilt direction oblique to the first tilt direction to the group of the liquid crystal molecules.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to obtain a high contrast ratio and a better aperture ratio. The invention relates to a reflective liquid crystal display device comprises: a liquid crystal layer (3); a front base layer (5) and a rear base layer (1) which are located on both main surface sides of the liquid crystal layer; a transparent common electrode (4) supported by the front base layer (5); and a composite layer (2) supported by the rear base layer (1), which has a function of reflecting external light from a side of the front base layer (5) and a function of driving pixels, the composite layer (2) including electrically conductive bus-lines (22?) which are arranged in matrix and are able to apply voltages for driving the pixels. The device is characterized in that the bus-lines (22?) are formed from a material having a substantially low optical reflectivity.

Abstract: An array substrate for an in-plane switching liquid crystal display device includes a substrate, a gate line and a data line crossing each other to define a pixel region on the substrate, a thin film transistor being electrically connected to the gate and data lines, a common line parallel to the gate line, a plurality of common electrodes being perpendicularly connected to the common line, and a plurality of pixel electrodes alternating with the plurality of common electrodes, wherein each common electrode has at least one first incline plane.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first electrode to which a signal is supplied through a first switching element and a second electrode to which a signal is supplied through a second switching element in each pixel region on a substrate, wherein liquid crystal is driven in response to a potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode. In such a constitution, the first electrode is formed as one electrode of a first holding capacitance which is constituted by sandwiching an insulation film between the first electrode and a signal line and, at the same time, the second electrode is formed as one electrode of a second holding capacitance which is constituted by sandwiching an insulation film between the second electrode and a signal line.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device with a planar counter electrode formed on the first substrate in each pixel region, a pixel electrode formed on the counter electrode by way of an insulation layer, the pixel electrode formed of a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode in the pixel region, the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode have a large number of slits which are arranged in parallel in the electrodes and the extending direction of the slits is different from both extending directions of the gate lines and the drain lines, and the neighboring sides of the first and the second pixel electrodes are arranged to be parallel to each other, and a portion between the neighboring sides of the first and the second pixel electrodes is positioned above the counter electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having first and second substrates with a liquid crystal layer therebetween, a plurality of gate signal lines and a plurality of drain signal lines, a plurality of counter voltage signal lines, a plurality of pixel regions defined by neighboring gate signal lines and drain signal lines, a counter electrode and a pixel electrode enabling formation of an electric field, and an orientation film being formed on the first substrate. The pixel electrode has a plurality of slits overlaps the counter electrode with an insulating layer therebetween. A pair of edges of the counter electrode and pixel electrode extend in parallel to the gate signal line and another pair of edges of the counter electrode and the pixel electrode extend in parallel to the drain line.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a red sub-pixel having a first area, a green sub-pixel having a second area, a blue sub-pixel having a third area, a white sub-pixel having a fourth area, and a backlight supplying a light to the red, green, blue, and white sub-pixels. The fourth area is smaller than the third area.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device 100 comprises a liquid crystal panel 110 and a holding member 120. A liquid crystal driving IC 115 and chip part 116 are mounted on a substrate extension portion 111T of the liquid crystal panel 110. The holding member 120 comprises, on an extension facing portion 122, a storing recess 122a for storing the liquid crystal driving IC 115, and a storing recess 122b for storing the chip part 116.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display having an electrode pad for compensating for differences in resistance of electrode links. A pad portion in contact with a driving circuit includes a transparent electrode pattern having a length that depends on the length of an associated electrode link that is connected between the pad portion and a corresponding signal line at a pixel area on which a plurality of liquid crystal cells are arranged. Accordingly, resistance differences that depend on the length of the electrode links are compensated for using electrode pads, thereby making signal conductors with substantially equal resistances.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes driver integrated circuits for applying a video signal to data lines, output pins and at least one dummy output pin are arranged within each data driver integrated circuit, and a switching pin is arranged within each data driver integrated circuit for controlling whether or not the dummy output pin outputs a signal.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel and method for fabricating the same are disclosed in the present invention. The liquid crystal display panel includes first and second substrates facing into each other, a column spacer in a pixel region between the substrates, a dummy column spacer formed in a dummy region between the substrates, the dummy column spacer having an opened portion in at least one of corner-regions, a UV sealant formed outside the dummy column spacer between the substrates, and a liquid crystal layer between the substrates.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a liquid crystal display includes a unitary vacuum processing chamber having a substrate entrance, a loader part to load first and second substrates through the substrate entrance, one of the first and second substrates having a liquid crystal material disposed thereupon, upper and lower stages disposed within the vacuum processing chamber for affixing the first and second substrates, a stage moving system for providing relative movement between the upper and lower stages, and a vacuum generating system for evacuating an interior of the vacuum processing chamber.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device for minimizing the number of data lines and reducing a line resistance is disclosed. In the device, liquid crystal cells are provided at intersections between gate lines and data lines. At least one thin film transistor is provided at each liquid crystal cell to drive the liquid crystal cells. A source protrusion is provided at an ith horizontal line (wherein i is an integer) and is extended from any one of the thin film transistors. The source protrusion is connected, via at least one gate line, an other horizontal gate line excluding the ith horizontal line. A gate protrusion is extended from the other horizontal gate line in such a manner to be connected with the source protrusion.

Abstract: A repairing method of a liquid crystal display panel having a gravity defect includes steps of removing the sealant outside the liquid crystal injection hole and providing a first pressure to the liquid crystal display panel. Next, a second pressure is continuously provided to the liquid crystal display panel, and the sealant in the liquid crystal injection hole is removed. Then, a third pressure is continuously provided to the liquid crystal display panel for pressing the liquid crystal out through the injection hole, and the flowed liquid crystal is cleaned out. After that, the liquid crystal injection hole is sealed with a fresh sealant and a fourth pressure is continuously provided to the liquid crystal display panel. Finally, the fresh sealant is cured and the fourth pressure is removed.

Abstract: A sealing assembly for sealing a slit between two regions in a lithographic apparatus is disclosed. The assembly includes a vacuum pumping device that extends substantially in a longitudinal slit direction for at least partially preventing particle transmission in a transversal slit direction.

Abstract: A liquid immersion lithography system includes projection optics and a showerhead. The projection optics are configured to expose a substrate with a patterned beam. The showerhead includes a first nozzle and a second nozzle that are configured to be at different distances from a surface of the substrate during an exposure operation.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide methods and apparatuses for efficient and cost-effective imaging of alignment marks. For one embodiment, alignment mark imaging is accomplished separately from, and independent of product imaging through use of a relatively low cost, low resolution, imaging tool. For one embodiment a wafer is exposed to low-resolution light source through a reticle having a number of alignment patterns corresponding to desired alignment marks. For one embodiment, global alignment marks are imaged on a backside of a wafer. Various embodiments of the invention obviate the need for a highly accurate stage and a high-resolution imaging device, and therefore reduce processing costs and processing time.

Abstract: To enable high acceleration and high moving speed of a pattern support or a substrate table of a lithographic apparatus, one of the pattern support and the substrate table is supported by an actuator for relatively large displacements, whereas an actuator for accurately positioning is omitted. The other one of the pattern support and the substrate table is supported by an actuator assembly including an actuator for accurate positioning and an actuator for relatively large displacements. An alignment accuracy of a patterning device and a substrate is achieved by providing a control system that is adapted to position the other one of the pattern support and the substrate table such that a positioning error of the one of the pattern support and the substrate table is compensated by the positioning of the other one.

Abstract: A lithographic method and apparatus comprises an illumination system that supplies a beam of radiation, a patterning device that patterns the beam, and a projection system that projects the patterned beam onto a target portion of a substrate. A metrology system is provided adjacent the projection system for aligning the substrate with the projection system. Two or more movable chucks are each arranged to support a substrate and move between a loading device and the projection system. The chucks are independently movable so that one substrate can be passed through the metrology system and patterned beam while the other substrates are moved between the loading system and projection system.

Abstract: A projection exposure apparatus which has a projection optical system and projects a pattern onto a substrate through the projection optical system. The apparatus includes a sensor unit which includes a light-receiving element for detecting light incident through the projection optical system, a vessel in which the light receiving element is arranged, a sealing window which transmits the incident light and seals the vessel, and a driving mechanism which aligns the substrate. A space between the sealing window and the light-receiving element is filled with a liquid having a refractive index which is greater than one, and the liquid also serves as a coolant for cooling the driving mechanism.

Abstract: A scanning exposure apparatus includes a projection system, a stage system, a first detector and a control system. The stage system has first and second stages, each of which is movable independently in a plane while holding a substrate. The first detector detects focusing information of a vicinity of an outer circumference of the substrate during a detecting operation. The control system controls the stage system to perform the detecting operation with the first stage, while performing a first exposure operation on the substrate held by the second stage. After the first exposure operation, a second exposure operation for the substrate held on the first stage is performed, in which a shot area in the vicinity of the outer circumference of the substrate is exposed by moving the first stage while adjusting a position of the substrate surface held by the first stage using the detected focusing information.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lithographic apparatus and a method of using the apparatus in the manufacture of a device such as an integrated circuit (IC). In particular, the present invention relates to a lithographic apparatus wherein iso-dense bias in a printed pattern on a substrate is capable of being controlled by using radiation with a spectral distribution comprising two or more spectral peaks.

Abstract: Lithographic apparatus includes a substrate table and a motion control system for controlling a movement of the substrate table. The motion control system includes at least 3 position detectors constructed for detecting a position of the substrate table. For measuring a position and orientation of the substrate table, each position detector comprises an optical encoder of a single dimensional or multi dimensional type, the optical encoders being arranged for providing together at least 6 position values, at least one position value being provided for each of the 3 dimensions. 3 or more of the at least 3 optical encoders being connected to the substrate table at different locations in the 3 dimensional coordinate system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for removing an initial gas from a gas-filled enclosure between the mask-protective device, such as a pellicle, and the patterned mask, such as a reticle, and adding a purge gas with a different composition. The gas-filled enclosure includes a vent for adding the purge gas to the chamber and removing the initial gas from the chamber. Adding and removing may be accomplished by using pressure, diffusion, vacuum, or other means.

Abstract: A system and method for enhancing the image resolution in a lithographic system, is presented herein. The invention comprises decomposing a reticle pattern into at least two constituent sub-patterns that are capable of being optically resolved by the lithographic system, coating a substrate with a pre-specified photoresist layer, and exposing a first of the at least two constituent sub-patterns by directing a projection beam through the first sub-pattern such that the lithographic system produces a first sub-pattern image onto the pre-specified photoresist layer of the substrate. The invention further comprises processing the exposed substrate, exposing a second of the at least two constituent sub-patterns by directing the projection beam through the second sub-pattern such that the lithographic system produces a second sub-pattern image onto the pre-specified photoresist layer of the substrate, and then combining the first and second sub-pattern images to produce a desired pattern on the substrate.

Abstract: A counterfeit determination is made with respect to currency bills by illuminating the currency bill with multiple wavelengths of light. Genuine currency bills include indicia printed with an ink that responds similarly to infra-red illumination at two different wavelengths. To identify a test currency as a suspect counterfeit, the bill is first illuminated with infra-red light at a first wavelength. A measurement is then made of a first reflected light response from the first illumination. The test currency bill is then second illuminated with infra-red light at a second wavelength. A measurement is then made of a second reflected light response from the second illumination. The first and second reflected light responses are then compared, and the test currency bill is identified as a suspect counterfeit if the first and second reflected light responses are not substantially the same.

Abstract: A method for the detection and identification of pathogenic microorganisms using Raman scattered light and transmitted light in the near infrared spectral region. The method may include passing the Raman scattered light and transmitted light through a FAST fiber array spectral translator.

Abstract: Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) induced system penalty ? is determined from optical characteristics of an optical wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) signal that is carried on a network. The method involves tapping the optical WDM signal, separating an optical channel from the tapped optical WDM signal, performing a frequency-resolved state of polarization (SOP) measurement on the channel, and computing the PMD-induced system penalty as ?=AL2+BL4, in which A and B are predetermined parameters and L is an SOP string length based on the SOP measurement.

Abstract: A system and method for optimizing dispersion in an optical transmission line is provided. The system and method comprise measuring the amplitude of a d.c. voltage component of a synchronously demodulated data signal of at least one wavelength channel by an in-phase carrier at the baud frequency of the wavelength channel. In an alternative embodiment, the system and method comprise measuring the IF amplitude of the resulting a.c. signal of a data signal of the at least one wavelength channel comprising a received RZ signal mixed with a local oscillator, whose frequency differs from the wavelength channel baud by a relatively small amount, somewhere on the order of about 100 kHz.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for interpreting data obtained by measuring a length of optical fiber using an optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR), and comparing that measurement to a reference measurement. The technique uses statistical inference to determine a whether a reference trace is valid by comparing that trace to a more recent test trace. One technique uses a chi-squared best fit of an array reflectance spike occurrences along the fiber to a historical reference array.

Abstract: An array tester (10) characterizes individual ones (111) of a semiconductor devices of an array (11) based on polarization-resolving an optical far-field measurement of the individual chips (111) as a function of angular position. Two pairs of TM and TE detectors (41a-b and 42a-b) or one pair displaceable by ninety degrees, move in vertical and horizontal arc paths or fixed around a fixed position of a selected device of an array to sample the far-fields.

Abstract: A hemispherical goniophotometer is disclosed, in which two pivoting arms are articulated on a revolving rotating arm and are each fitted with a measurement head. The geometry of the arrangement is chosen such that the measurement heads can move along the envelope surface of a hemisphere during rotating of the rotating arm through 360° and pivoting of the pivoting arms through 180°.

Abstract: An automated lens inspection system that images the edge and surface of an ophthalmic lens transmits light through the ophthalmic lens to a camera to create a complete digital image of the lens edge or lens surface. The digitized image(s) is(are) analyzed to detect defects or abnormalities of the ophthalmic lens. Methods of inspecting ophthalmic lenses are also disclosed.

Abstract: A photometer device including an inlet passage for receiving a fluid such as an aerosol at a specified flow rate, an outlet passage separated from the inlet passage by a gap, and a radiation passage across the gap. The flow rate and the significant dimension of the inlet passage are set to produce a laminar flow of the aerosol. The gap and the significant dimension of the outlet passage are set to maintain a laminar flow of the aerosol across the gap to prevent contamination of the radiation passage.

Abstract: A method for the optical inspection of a transparent protective layer and a colored patterned surface which is at least partially covered by the transparent protective layer involves providing a source of illumination and an imaging sensor associated with the source of illumination and illuminating the protective layer with light emitted by the source of illumination in order to recognize defective places inside and beneath the transparent protective layer. The source of illumination emits light in the shortwaved range which is at least partially diffuse and the light striking the surface penetrates at least partially into the protective layer and is scattered at the defective places. Light scattered from the defective places is picked up by the imaging sensor and the defective places are recognized by the local increase in the intensity of the light picked up by the imaging sensor in the area of the defective places.

Abstract: There is provided a particle detector system and to detect particles on target including reticle and pellicle. The system includes a light transmitting device adapted to transmit light beam to a target through an electrowetting microlens, a light receiving device adapted to receive the transmitted light beam reflected by a surface of the target, a light refraction angle adjusting controller adapted to apply a voltage to the electrowetting microlens in order to adjust an incident angle of the light irradiated, and a detector adapted to analyze the light received by the light receiving device to determine whether there are particles on a surface of the target.

Abstract: A method and system are presented for producing an output coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering (CARS) signal of a medium. The method comprises generation of a unitary optical excitation pulse that carries a pump photon, a Stokes photon and a probe photon; and inducing a CARS process in the medium by exciting the medium by the at least one such unitary optical excitation pulse.

Abstract: Provided herein is a reusable nano-imaging probe useful in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) applications demonstrating nanometer scale resolution. The nano-imaging probe generally comprises a fiber optic imaging bundle of fiber optic elements each having a tapered etched end and a non-tapered non-etched end. The tapered etched ends further comprise a SERS-active metal substrate deposited thereon effective to create a uniform SERS enhancement for an analyte or other substance of interest. Also provided is a SERS nanoimager for dynamic chemical imaging using the nano-imaging probe and methods of imaging and Raman spectral analysis and identification using the nano-imaging probe.