Abstract: The system and method for monitoring wear of one or more aircraft parts, such as an aircraft brake, an aircraft tire, a standby system, and landing gear. One or more sensors are provided for sensing a parameter of usage, and an estimate of usage of the part can be determined based upon the signal indicating the sensed value of the parameter of usage of the aircraft part. A plurality of sensors can be provided for sensing usage of a plurality of parts of the aircraft, and the estimate of usage of the part can be stored for access of the estimate by ground personnel. As applied to monitoring wear of an aircraft brake, a linear brake wear indicator attached to the brake moves a discrete distance when the brake is actuated, and a linear position encoder measures the distance travelled by the linear brake wear indicator as an indication of brake usage.

Abstract: The system and method for monitoring wear of one or more aircraft parts, such as an aircraft brake, an aircraft tire, a standby system, and landing gear. One or more sensors are provided for sensing a parameter of usage, and an estimate of usage of the part can be determined based upon the signal indicating the sensed value of the parameter of usage of the aircraft part. A plurality of sensors can be provided for sensing usage of a plurality of parts of the aircraft, and the estimate of usage of the part can be stored for access of the estimate by ground personnel. As applied to monitoring wear of an aircraft brake, a linear brake wear indicator attached to the brake moves a discrete distance when the brake is actuated, and a linear position encoder measures the distance traveled by the linear brake wear indicator as an indication of brake usage.

Abstract: A hybrid vehicle includes an internal combustion engine coupled to a combined starter/motor/generator which is, in turn, coupled to a transmission of the vehicle. The starter/motor/generator is coupled to a high voltage battery pack via an inverter and to a deployable power output panel for serving loads external to the vehicle. Whenever external loads are to be powered, a control unit automatically places the vehicle in PARK, or alternatively activates an electrical parking brake system to hold the vehicle stationary.

Abstract: A stabiliser has a main electrical motor that drives a main axle. A carrier is fastened on the main axle in which two auxiliary axles are connected with bearings. A finger is fastened on each auxiliary axle and an auxiliary gear wheel is fastened near the bottom extremity. The auxiliary gear wheels interlock with a main gear wheel, which is connected with bearings on the main axle. The main gear wheel is driven by an auxiliary electrical motor. The movements of the fingers can be controlled by adjusting the rpm of the auxiliary motor. If the main gear wheel turns as quickly as the carrier, the auxiliary axles do not turn and the fingers are stationary with respect to the carrier. The auxiliary axles and with them the fingers turn by allowing the main gear wheel to turn more quickly or slowly than the carrier.

Abstract: A reduction in size, weight and cost of a brake system of a motorcycle provided with a circulating-type ABS is achieved by a brake system provided with a circulating-type ABS and a by-wire-type brake system. In the brake system, solenoid valves, hydraulic pressure sensors, accumulators and pumps are integrated into a unit, and concurrently stroke simulators are attached to the unit as separate bodies.

Abstract: A dead battery preventing device enables to prevent an engine start failure (a dead battery) of a vehicle having an economy running function which is caused by the vehicle's being left stand in an engine stall state. The dead battery preventing device to be mounted on a vehicle having an economy running function comprises a unit for judging whether an informing condition for informing a user that the vehicle is in an engine stall state has been satisfied or not, and a unit for informing the user that the vehicle is in the engine stall state when it is judged that the informing condition has been satisfied, wherein the informing condition includes that the vehicle is in the engine stall state and that the vehicle shifted from an economy running state to the engine stall state.

Abstract: A power supply device includes a first power-supply unit to input external power and to output first power supplying a predetermined constant voltage to a load, a second power-supply unit to accumulate charge and to output second power to the load in parallel with the first power being supplied from the first power-supply unit, and a controller to output a control signal to prevent the second power-supply unit from supplying power in case of a current increase due to a dynamic load change, and to cause the first power-supply unit to supply power for the dynamic current increase. The first power-supply unit supplies power having a current value smaller than a predetermined maximum current of the first power-supply unit. The second power-supply unit supplies power for a shortfall current exceeding the predetermined maximum current of the first power-supply unit.

Abstract: A system and method provide emergency back-up power for communications, security and other systems of an electric power consumer, and for peak-shifting of the electrical load so that electricity is generated and stored when demand is low, and the stored power is used when demand is high. Embodiments include providing an electric power management device having a battery and a communication system at the premises of a consumer of electricity, and connecting the power management device to an electric power provider. The battery is charged at an off-peak time when a demand for electricity is low, as determined by the electric power provider; and discharged to provide electricity to the consumer at a time when the demand for electricity is high, as determined by the electric power provider. The charging and discharging is controlled by the electric power provider.

Abstract: An uninterrupted power supply (“UPS”) system is disclosed which uses a battery communication system to communicate to a UPS processor information concerning the status of a battery pack in an array of parallel coupled battery packs. The battery packs provide back-up power for the UPS system. Information about the battery packs is collected by a monitor associated with each of the battery packs. The monitors measure battery pack voltage, currents and temperature and compile information about the battery pack from the measured values. Each monitor prepares a data word representing information about its battery pack. The data words are transmitted to the UPS in response to commands issued by the UPS processor to the monitors.

Abstract: The present invention is a mobile-energy generating system capable of providing redundant direct current power. It comprises a reciprocating engine and generator having dual fuel capability, a fuel cell, commercial electrical power hookups, and capacitors used for bridging purposes. Back-up fuel for the engine and fuel for the fuel cells are stored in propane and hydrogen storage tanks, respectively.

Abstract: A pulse forming network is disclosed. The device comprising two pulse forming networks (40), a first pulse forming network comprising n sections, n being an integer, and a second pulse forming network comprising m sections, m being an integer, each of the sections of the first and the second pulse forming networks comprising at least one capacitor and at least one inductor, and each pulse forming network having one output port for connecting a load, the two pulse forming networks electrically connected and magnetically coupled back to back. A method and device for extinguishing an electrical pulse generated by a pulse generator is also disclosed (SWo).

Abstract: The apparatus of the present invention provides a stator assembly for an electric device such as a motor or a generator. The stator assembly preferably includes a generally annular stator core having a plurality of stator teeth. A stator wire is wound around each of the stator teeth to form a stator coil. An epoxy resin is applied to the stator coil and around each of the stator teeth such that the stator wire is coated and thereby electrically isolated by the epoxy resin. A coolant channel at least partially defined by the epoxy resin is positioned in close proximity to the stator coil such that the stator assembly remains cool. A corresponding method for manufacturing such a stator assembly is also provided.

Abstract: An electrical machine to facilitate transporting fluids through a pipeline is provided. The machine includes a stator, a rotor magnetically coupled to the stator, and a housing enclosing the rotor and the stator. The housing includes a wall that facilitates channeling a first fluid at a first pressure through a portion of the housing. The machine also includes a stator enclosure defined by at least one wall that facilitates maintaining a second fluid within the stator enclosure. The stator enclosure is positioned within the electric machine housing. The stator enclosure has at least one wall that substantially isolates the second fluid from the first fluid such that only the second fluid is in flow communication with the stator. The stator enclosure has at least one wall that facilitates heat transfer from the second fluid to the first fluid. At least a portion of at least one of the stator enclosure walls is configured to facilitate equalizing the first pressure and the second pressure.

Abstract: In an engine having a generator mounted thereon, an oil passage is formed within the engine's crankcase to supply oil to an oil jet for cooling one or more pistons. In addition, oil is supplied to an oil jet for cooling the generator, using the oil passage in common with the oil supply for cooling the piston, without requiring a separate, dedicated oil passage for the generator. The cooling oil delivery structure is provided for cooling the generator which is located at one end of the crankshaft. The oil passage for cooling pistons, which includes an oil jet for cooling each respective piston by jetting oil to the piston, is arranged on an axis substantially parallel to the crankshaft. A generator-cooling oil jet is provided on the crankcase at a terminal end of, and in fluid communication with the oil passage for cooling the pistons.

Abstract: A stator assembly including a plurality of stator coil assemblies and a stator coil support structure constructed of a non-magnetic, thermally-conductive material. The stator coil support structure includes an axial passage for receiving a rotor assembly and a plurality of channels positioned radially about the axial passage. Each channel is configured to receive one or more of the stator coil assemblies.

Abstract: A stator assembly is provided having a generally annular stator core including a plurality of radially inwardly extending stator teeth. A stator wire is wound around each of the plurality of stator teeth to form a plurality of stator coils. Each of the plurality of stator coils are spaced apart to at least partially define a plurality of generally axially extending cooling channels through which a cooling medium, such as oil, flows. Additionally, the plurality of stator teeth each include a respective flanged end portion each adapted to retain an axially extending strip member. The strip member at least partially defines the cooling channel. The cooling medium operates to cool the plurality of stator coils. In the preferred embodiment, at least a portion of the flow of the cooling medium within the cooling channel is turbulent. Additionally, an electromechanical hybrid transmission is disclosed with the stator assembly provided.

Abstract: A magnetic levitation actuating motor includes a hollow base externally wound with a coil, at least one magnetic element fixedly mounted to at least a free open end of the hollow base, and a magnetizable actuator axially movably disposed in the hollow base. When the coil is supplied with a current to produce a magnetic flux, the magnetizable actuator is temporarily magnetized to produce a magnetic intensity, so that the magnetizable actuator and the magnetic element mutually attract or repulse to displace the magnetizable actuator in the hollow base. When the current supplied to the coil is cut off, the magnetizable actuator can still maintain at a balance point position in the hollow base for a period of time. Therefore, by intermittently supplying current to the coil, the magnetizable actuator can stay at the balance point position over a prolonged time with reduced power consumption.

Abstract: The jacketed active magnetic bearing is applied to a rotary machine having a rotor in contact with a process gas and placed in a leaktight enclosure. The magnetic stator is protected by a first jacket of magnetic anti-corrosion material that constitutes a portion of the leaktight enclosure and that is secured to the bearing stator, and the detector stator is protected by a second jacket of non-magnetic anti-corrosion material that constitutes a portion of the leaktight enclosure and that is secured to the detector stator. The bearing armature and the detector armature can be made of a laminated magnetic identical to that of the first jacket.

Abstract: A small-sized motor having a polygonal outer shape includes four or more field magnets attached to the inner surface of a motor casing made of metal. A tubular portion of the motor casing is formed into a polygonal tubular shape such that flat side portions equal in number to field poles, and flat or curved corner portions equal in number to the field poles and each being located between the adjacent side portions are sequentially joined together. The field magnets have a smaller thickness at portions corresponding to the side portions of the motor casing and a larger thickness at portions corresponding to the corner portions of the motor casing. The field magnets are fixed while coinciding in center position with the corresponding corner portions of the motor casing and while being pressed against the corresponding corner portions of the motor casing from inside.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide techniques for improving efficiency and torque of a motor while achieving thinning of the motor. In a brushless DC motor, a rotor includes a magnetic-field creating magnet and a stator includes an armature winding. The magnetic-field creating magnet and the armature winding are placed to locally face in a radial direction orthogonal to an axial direction. This reduces a thickness of the brushless DC motor which extends in the axial direction. Also, a short-circuit yoke plate for joining and magnetically short-circuiting the north pole and the south pole of a permanent magnet is placed on a negative side in the axial direction with respect to the magnetic-field creating magnet. By provision of the short-circuit yoke plate, a magnetic path on a negative side in the axial direction with respect to the magnetic-field creating magnet can be shortened.

Abstract: An electrical machine includes at least one permanently excited rotor and/or stator, a magnetic field for operating the electrical machine being able to be generated, using a plurality of permanent magnets that are arranged along the circumference of the rotor and/or stator. The permanent magnets are each assembled from a plurality of individual magnet segments having the same polarization, between adjacent magnet segments at least one gap being provided, in which at least one electrically insulating layer is arranged.

Abstract: A plurality of convex portions are located inside of a virtual circumferential surface. Each convex portion connects an adjacent pair of circumferential portions with each other. Each convex portion is an arcuate curve bulging radially outward. Each convex portion defines a minimum radius. A difference between a radius R and the minimum radius is a depth Dh. Dhr=Dh×25.5/R. A range of an angular width A in relation to circumferential portion and a range of the depth Dh are set by the following expression, (5.6×Dhr+11.3)°×6/p?A<35°×6/p and A<[360/p?2×arccos]° ??(1) Therefore, decrease in torque is prevented. Torque pulsation is suppressed.

Abstract: A vehicle alternator and a stator for the vehicle alternator are disclosed wherein a stator winding includes a plurality of base segments wound on slots of the stator, each of the base segments including a large segment and a small segment disposed in the same slots distanced from each other by one-pole pitch. The large and small segments have turning portions extending from one axial end of the stator to form coil ends, respectively, with the turning portions of the large and small segments being dislocated from each other in a circumferential direction of the stator core to provide a circumferential space to create a cooling wind flow path to pass cooling wind in a radial direction of the stator core.

Abstract: In a rotary electric machine, output ends of first and second three-phase windings of first and second sets included in a first group are separated from those of third and fourth three-phase windings of third and fourth sets included in a second group. Each of the first to fourth three-phase windings is inserted in the slots while being turned at one of the first and second opposing end surface sides of a stator core. Turn portions of each of the first to fourth three-phase windings at the one of the first and second opposing end surface sides of the stator core have a substantially U shape, and are so disposed as to be nonoverlapped with each other in an axial direction of the stator core.

Abstract: A stator of a motor according to the invention includes a stator core 1 annularly continued, a plurality of insulators each having a body part which is engaged with an outer peripheral surface of a tooth part of the stator core and a flange part which is projected at a distal end side of the tooth part, and a coil which is wound around the tooth part by way of the insulator. A first magnetic body is provided on a surface of the flange part of the insulator opposed to a rotor, in a state magnetically connected to the tooth part.

Abstract: An electric motor assembly device includes a carrier member with a central passage that receives a rotor shaft with a commutator. Brushes secured onto flexible, brush holders urge the brushes towards the central passage into a contact position with the commutator. The carrier member has mechanical elements for restraining the brush holders in an assembly position for assembly where the brushes clear the central passage and are protected against impact by the carrier member. This arrangement allows the rotor shaft to be introduced into the central passage of the carrier member without a risk of damaging the brushes. The brush holders are easily released automatically from the mechanical elements on the electric motor assembly device to bring the brushes into the contact position.

Abstract: A brushless motor with a rotor having a magnet and a magnetic return, the magnet and magnetic return being arranged to form a gap therebetween, and a stator having a coil disposed in the gap. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract which will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or the meaning of the claims.

Abstract: Devices employing electroactive polymer actuators are disclosed. Acrylic dielectric material based actuators are optionally provided in which architectures are presented that allow for improved power output as compared with other known acrylic dielectric material based transducers. Such technology may be applied in motor-driven applications, lightweight flight applications and lighting applications among others.

Abstract: Devices employing electroactive polymer actuators are disclosed. Acrylic dielectric material based actuators are optionally provided in which architectures are presented that allow for improved power output as compared with other known acrylic dielectric material based transducers. Such technology may be applied in motor-driven applications, lightweight flight applications and lighting applications among others.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus with a plurality of power supply circuits each having a piezoelectric transformer and a voltage-controlled oscillator which generates a signal at an operating frequency used to drive the piezoelectric transformer in accordance with a control signal, includes a frequency-dividing circuit which divides the operating frequency generated by a voltage-controlled oscillator in at least one power supply circuit, and outputs a signal at a driving frequency to drive a piezoelectric transformer in the one power supply circuit. When at least one power supply circuit and remaining power supply circuits output voltages, the operating frequency generated by the voltage-controlled oscillator in the one power supply circuit is controlled to be higher than the driving frequency.

Abstract: A device for the combined rotation of a shaft about its own axis, having a first body elongated diametrically with respect to the axis of the shaft, the first body being rigidly coupled to an actuation for simple rotation about the axis, and a second diametrically elongated body arranged transversely to the first body coaxial thereto. The second body is associated with the first body and is rigidly coupled to elements for generating torsional vibrations about the axis and performs alternating angular movements with reduced extent oscillations. The second body is adapted to support the shaft to be turned. A pair of elastic compression elements are interposed between the adjacent consecutive portions of the first and second bodies to cushion small oscillations.

Abstract: Devices employing electroactive polymer actuators are disclosed. Acrylic dielectric material based actuators are optionally provided in which architectures are presented that allow for improved power output as compared with other known acrylic dielectric material based transducers. Such technology may be applied in motor-driven applications, lightweight flight applications and lighting applications among others.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to improving characteristics of a piezoelectric thin film device. A piezoelectric thin film filter including four film bulk acoustic resonators has a configuration where a filter section and a base substrate are bonded to each other via an adhesive layer, the filter section including a piezoelectric thin film which cannot stand up individually under its own weight, the flat base substrate mechanically supporting the filter section. As a piezoelectric material constructing the piezoelectric thin film, it is desirable to use a single-crystal material including no grain boundary, selected from crystal, lithium niobate, lithium tantalite, lithium tetraborate, zinc oxide, potassium niobate, and langasite.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to preventing characteristic variations and damage caused by a difference in thermal expansion coefficient. A piezoelectric thin film filter, including four film bulk acoustic resonators, has a configuration where a filter section for providing a filter function of the piezoelectric thin film filter is bonded with a flat base substrate mechanically supporting the filter section via an adhesive layer. In manufacturing of the piezoelectric thin film filter, a piezoelectric thin film is obtained by performing removal processing on a piezoelectric substrate that can individually stand up under its own weight, but substrates made of one kind of single crystal material are adopted as the base substrate and the piezoelectric substrate, to make the respective thermal expansion coefficients of the piezoelectric thin film and the base substrate coincident with each other.

Abstract: The present invention relates to composite piezoelectric apparatus, transducers and methods of manufacture. In an embodiment, a composite piezoelectric apparatus has a sacrificial base and pillar array. Different volume percents of piezoelectric material are used in the sacrificial base and pillar array. A first volume percent in the base is lower than the second volume percent in the pillar array. In this way, the sacrificial base can be easily removed from the pillar array after the base and pillar array are sintered in the manufacture of a final composite piezoelectric transducer. A method of manufacturing a composite piezoelectric transducer from a sacrificial base and pillar array and a composite piezoelectric transducer made by the method are provided. A composite piezoelectric transducer stack is provided.

Abstract: The invention provides a piezoelectric resonator device having excellent frequency accuracy and aging characteristics. The piezoelectric resonator element can be packaged in an exclusive hollow space formed in the package in advance to packaging an IC chip. After mounting a lid on the opening of the hollow space while the hollow space is in communication with an external atmosphere, the external conduit is shut in vacuum and the hollow space for packaging the resonator element is tightly sealed, and an IC chip is packaged after an optimality discrimination treatment of the piezoelectric resonator element. The piezoelectric resonator element is formed into a tuning fork type resonator element, and the lid is made of a glass. The conduit to the external atmosphere is shielded by embedding with a gold base material to capture the materials scattered by frequency adjustment of the piezoelectric resonator element.

Abstract: In an electronic component package in which an electronic component mounted through an external electrode disposed on a mounting board is covered with a molding resin, the electronic component has a structure in which IDT electrodes disposed on the lower surface of a component substrate made of a piezoelectric material are covered with a component cover, and an intermediate elastic layer having an elastic modulus smaller than that of the component substrate and greater than that of the molding resin is provided between the component substrate and the molding resin.

Abstract: A piezoelectric actuator includes a piezoelectric vibrating plate including piezoelectric ceramics, an internal electrode formed on a first surface of the piezoelectric vibrating plate, a piezoelectric layer formed on the internal electrode, and a plurality of surface electrodes that are provided on a surface of the piezoelectric layer. When the internal electrode is grounded and a predetermined voltage is applied to a liquid contacting with a second surface of the piezoelectric vibrating plate, a value of a current flowing between the liquid and the internal electrode is not more than 0.01 ?A.

Abstract: A stator is constructed by winding excitation coils around respective main poles. A rotor is constructed by fixing a first rotor unit, which consists of a pair of rotor cores and a magnetic material sandwiched between the rotor cores, and a second rotor unit, which has the same construction as the first rotor unit, to a rotation shaft. The rotor is assembled to the stator to form an assembled body. The magnet material of the first rotor unit is magnetized in the axial direction by a magnetizing flux passing through a half of the assembled body in the axial direction. The magnet material of the second rotor unit is magnetized in the axial direction in an opposite polarity by a magnetizing flux passing through the remaining half of the assembled body in the axial direction.

Abstract: A disc drive apparatus mounted with an improved clamping mechanism for driving a disc to rotate is composed of a rotor and a stator, which supports the rotor rotatable freely. The rotor includes a rotor yoke, a clamping section for clamping down a disc on the rotor yoke, a boss and a shaft. The rotor yoke is constituted by a regulating surface for regulating a position in an axial direction of the disc clamped down on the rotor yoke by the clamping section and a center hole. The boss is constituted by a base section in disciform having a through hole and an outer peripheral wall section in an annular shape extending outward around the base section with perpendicularly intersecting to the base section. The boss fastens the rotor yoke by engaging the center hole of the rotor yoke with an outer circumferential surface of the outer peripheral wall section at the bottom. The shaft is fixed to the boss by being inserted into the through hole of the boss.

Abstract: Devices employing electroactive polymer actuators are disclosed. Acrylic dielectric material based actuators are optionally provided in which architectures are presented that allow for improved power output as compared with other known acrylic dielectric material based transducers. Such technology may be applied in motor-driven applications, lightweight flight applications and lighting applications among others.

Abstract: Described herein are compliant electroactive polymer transducers for use in acoustic applications. A compliant electroactive polymer transducer includes a compliant electroactive polymer at least two electrodes. For sound production, circuitry in electrical communication with the transducer electrodes is configured to apply a driving signal that causes the electroactive polymer to deflect in the acoustic range.

Abstract: Transducers employing electroactive polymer films are disclosed.

Abstract: A hanging cabinet includes a cabinet body made out of a flexible sheet material, a top hanging plate fixedly provided at the top side of the cabinet body and having a rod member horizontally provided at the top for the mounting of a swivel hook for hanging the cabinet body on an overhead hanging rod and a plurality of hanging holes for the mounting of hooks for hanging the cabinet body on a door panel, and a plurality of side bags with a top open side or one lateral open side provided at two vertical side panels of the cabinet body on the outside for keeping things.

Abstract: A hanging cabinet includes a cabinet body having two vertical side panels and a vertical back panel and a plurality of forwardly extending storage chambers surrounded by the vertical side panel and the vertical back panel, a handing plate with a swivel hook provided at the top side of the cabinet body for hanging, and a plurality of side bags respectively mounted on the vertical side panels and vertical back panel of the cabinet body on the outside for keeping things.

Abstract: A clothes hamper cabinet is configured as a fine piece of furniture to disguise its use to collect and store dirty clothes. The cabinet has a main body defining a storage chamber therein with a top opening at the upper section of the main body for receiving dirty clothes into the storage chamber and a front opening on the front wall for removing dirty clothes therefrom. A door substantially closes the front opening. Preferably, the cabinet is supplied with a top member or lid that substantially closes the top opening. A divider is provided to divide the storage chamber into subchambers to facilitate selective sorting of the clothes when being deposited in the cabinet. The back wall, bottom wall and divider can be provided with vent holes to facilitate air circulation through the storage chamber. One or more removable baskets can be utilized for ease of removing dirty clothes.

Abstract: To devise a light source device with a low price and from which a sufficient amount of light can be obtained, in a light source device having a reflector and a discharge lamp, a hermetically sealed portion of the lamp is directly joined to a part of a neck region of the reflector with a processed portion being formed for setting the positional relationship between the lamp and reflector.

Abstract: The invention is to provide a simple and compact configuration which can still be improved in the efficiency of light condensation to a predetermined small-diametric area. The present invention is a device comprising: an arc tube 20 having a pair of main electrodes 21 and 22; and a reflector 30 for reflecting the outgoing light emitted from the arc tube 20, the electrode axis O1 of the main electrodes 21 and 22 being arranged to cross the light axis LA of the outgoing light. The reflector 30 is formed of a first reflector portion 31 having a spherical surface centered at the light generation point L0 of the arc tube 20 and a second reflector portion 32 having a curved surface different from the first reflector portion 31, and a condenser 40 that condenses the outgoing light emitted from the arc tube 20 to other than the second reflector portion 32 and illuminates the condensed light in a predetermined direction or to a predetermined area is provided.

Abstract: The spacer comprises an insulating member and a plurality of electroconductive members each including a portion enveloped with the insulating member within a region sandwiched between a region on which the anode is disposed and the first substrate, and the plurality of electroconductive members are arranged such that the portions of the electroconductive members enveloped with the insulating member are spaced apart from each other in a direction along which the first and second substrates are opposed.

Abstract: Various devices for measuring an electronic device lid are provided. In one aspect, an apparatus is provided that includes an integrated circuit, a lid for positioning on the integrated circuit, and a junction of two dissimilar metals associated with the lid. The junction provides a thermocouple to provide an output signal representative of a temperature of the lid.