Abstract: A machine for operating on a glass bottle. A carriage is displaceable by a servo motor having three lead lines. The rotation of the servo motor is stopped when power has been removed by shorting regenerative resistors to the three motor leads. The stopped servo motor is held at its stopped position by connecting a direct current power supply to two of the three servo motors.

Abstract: With a stepping motor driving device, a driving signal generating unit generates a first driving signal and a second driving signal which are to be supplied to an A-phase coil and a B-phase coil of a stepping motor, respectively. A first switching circuit includes multiple switches connected to the A-phase coil of the stepping motor, and controls the current that flows through the A-phase coil according to a first driving signal generated by the driving signal generating unit. A second switching circuit includes multiple switches connected to the B-phase coil of the stepping motor, and controls the current that flows through the B-phase coil according to a second driving signal generated by the driving signal generating unit. The driving signal generating unit has a configuration which provides a function of adjusting the phase difference between the first driving signal and the second driving signal.

Abstract: A control device for a permanent magnet synchronous motor includes: an inverter 9 for converting inputted DC voltage into AC voltage of variable-voltage and variable-frequency, and driving a motor 14 with the AC voltage; a speed controller 22 for generating, in accordance with a speed instruction signal, a q-axis current component orthogonal to the magnetic field of the motor 14; a loss calculating means 50 for calculating a loss by summing a copper loss and an iron loss in the motor 14; a d-axis current generating means 52 for generating, in accordance with the value that is the motor's rated loss decreased by the loss, a d-axis current instruction signal to flow into the motor 14; and a resistor-on-judgment unit 58 for judging, from the DC voltage, whether or not the motor 14 operates in its recovery state and activating the d-axis current generator 52 while in the recovery state.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a controller for an electric four-wheel-drive vehicle, which is capable of minimizing torque changes and consuming excessive power even when the excessive power is generated by a generator. A motor control unit causes an AC motor to generate desired torque by controlling an inverter. When the power generated by the generator exceeds the power consumed by the inverter and AC motor to generate excessive power, a current command determination unit in the motor control unit consumes the excessive power by increasing a loss in the AC motor.

Abstract: A frequency converter for outputting a power to drive a motor, having: an inverter unit for inverting a d.c. power to an a.c. power; a control unit for controlling the inverter unit; and a housing for supporting at least the inverter unit and control unit, wherein a rise time change unit is provided in the housing, the rise time change unit changes a rise time of a waveform of a voltage output from the inverter unit.

Abstract: Pulse width modulation control circuit for a multimode electrical machine, and a multimode electrical machine equipped with such a control circuit The present invention relates to a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) control circuit for a multimode electrical machine, and a multimode electrical machine equipped with such a control circuit. A configuration circuit (11, 13) detects the operation mode of the electrical machine (1) and produces a pulse width modulation to control a reversible current inverter circuit (4) in such a way that the electrical machine operates optimally in torque in engine modes and in current in generator modes. Application to vehicle alternators-starters.

Abstract: The Electric Automobile/Special Power-Source is a new concept which derives its superior performance of a quick battery change from dead 12-volt cells by extracting 4-5 cell Bat-Pac's from 4 locations. Timeframe is hopefully from 15-20 minutes. A normal charge time for lead-acid batteries is from 6 to 8 hours. Therefore, a customer drives onto the change stall and out comes one 5 cell Bat-Pac and a fresh, fully-charged 5 cell Bat-Pac is reinserted into the compartment. Electric Automobile/Special Power Source positions forward to extract the second 5 cell Bat-Pac. A fully-charged 5 cell Bat-Pac is positioned into that compartment. The two forward compartments are unloaded-loaded from the side by a hydraulic ram. Electric Automobile/Special Power Source then drives off the stall and circles the Control Center to position over the rear end bottom feed extraction/load pit.

Abstract: The present invention is a mobile-energy generating system capable of providing redundant direct current power. It comprises a reciprocating engine and generator having dual fuel capability, a fuel cell, commercial electrical power hookups, and capacitors used for bridging purposes. Back-up fuel for the engine and fuel for the fuel cells are stored in propane and hydrogen storage tanks, respectively.

Abstract: The vehicle generator includes a rotor around which a field winding is wound, a stator around which an armature winding is wound, a rectifier rectifying an AC voltage induced in the armature winding to generate a DC output current. The rectifier has a plurality of rectifying elements mounted to a current path section thereof, the DC output current flowing through the current path section to reach an output terminal of the vehicle generator. The vehicle generator further includes a first voltage detector circuit detecting a voltage difference between two points of the current path section located along a direction in which the output current flows, and an output current calculating circuit calculating a value of the output current on the basis of the voltage difference detected by the first voltage detector circuit and a resistance value between the two points of the current path section.

Abstract: Generators 12a are for a distributed generation system. A control system 32a receives information about network faults 14a. In normal conditions, the control system 32a controls the field current in the field coils of the generator 12a, to maintain generator output voltage at the rated value. At the onset of fault conditions, the control system 32a changes the manner in which field current is controlled, in order to reduce the fault current put onto the network.

Abstract: A shunt regulator for stepping down an input potential to an output potential, has an input for applying the input potential, an output for tapping off the output potential and a voltage drop circuit, across which the voltage difference between the input potential and the output potential drops. It is possible for the current flowing through the voltage drop circuit or its lower and/or upper limit value to be adjusted.

Abstract: A power supply capable of reducing loss of large current and high frequency. In an MCM for power supply in which a high-side power MOSFET chip, a low-side power MOSFET chip and a driver IC chip driving them are sealed in one sealing material (a capsulating insulation resin), a wiring length of a wiring DL connecting an output terminal of the driver IC chip to a gate terminal of the low-side power MOSFET chip or a source terminal is made shorter than a wiring length of a wiring DH connecting the output terminal of the driver IC chip to a gate terminal of the high-side power MOSFET chip or a source terminal. Further, the number of the wiring DL is made larger than the number of the wiring DH.

Abstract: Disclosed is a digital current sharing structure and method in which a plurality of regulators are configured to share the load current. Current share circuits in each of the regulators are configured to measure and compare the average current provided by that particular regulator with the overall average current provided by all the regulators. Each of the current share circuits then provides an output so that the output of each regulator is adjusted to provide the same amount of current to the load. Digital processing with both analog and digital averaging are disclosed. Also disclosed is a programmable hysteresis technique to eliminate relatively trivial adjustments.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a circuit having a power supply node and a linear regulator configured to provide a regulated voltage at the power supply node of the circuit. The apparatus further comprises a switching regulator configured to provide input power to the linear regulator from a power source such as a battery. In some implementations, the circuit is a transceiver circuit.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus is provided in the exemplary embodiments. The voltage generation circuit has a switching element. The control circuit controls a switching operation of the switching element. The voltage comparator compares an output voltage from the voltage generation circuit with a predetermined test voltage. The timer circuit is activated, when the output voltage from the voltage generation circuit is lower than the test voltage, and then measures elapsed time. The control circuit stops the switching operation of the switching element when the elapsed time measured by the timer circuit has exceeded a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: A switching regulator is provided which allows a switching to an optimum control method according to a set on which it is to be mounted. A power supply apparatus, which is a step-down type DC-DC converter, includes two blocks, namely a control circuit and a switching regulator. The switching regulator includes a switching transistor, a rectifier diode, in inductor and a capacitor. The control circuit generates a drive signal that controls the on and off of the switching transistor. The control circuit includes a fixed frequency control signal generation unit, a fixed ON-time control signal generation unit, a driver circuit and an inverter. Either one of the fixed frequency control signal generation unit and a fixed ON-time control signal generation unit operates according to a selection signal inputted to a selection terminal from the outside, and the other is shut down.

Abstract: A voltage regulating power supply includes: a switching regulator powered by a supply voltage level, the switching regulator for generating a first output voltage in accordance to a first reference voltage; and a linear regulator coupled to the first output voltage, the linear regulator for generating a second output voltage in accordance to a second reference voltage; wherein a noise sensitive circuit draws power from the second output voltage.

Abstract: A reference voltage generator generates a reference voltage that is less dependent on temperature and can adjust the dependence of the reference voltage on temperature and the reference voltage at the same time independently of each other. The reference voltage generator including a preliminary reference voltage generation unit which generates a preliminary reference voltage which is inversely proportional to temperature and a reference voltage generation unit which generates a reference voltage by dividing the preliminary reference voltage. The reference voltage generation unit includes: at least one resistor which is connected between the preliminary reference voltage and the reference voltage; at least one transistor which is connected between the reference voltage and an internal node; and at least one second resistor which is connected between the internal node and a ground. The preliminary reference voltage or a power supply voltage is applied to at least one gate of the transistor.

Abstract: A power supply controller having final test and trim circuitry. In one embodiment, a power supply controller for switched mode power supply includes a selector circuit, a trim circuit, a shutdown circuit and a disable circuit. The trim circuit includes a programmable circuit connection that can be selected by the selector circuit by toggling a voltage on an external terminal such as for example a power supply terminal, a control terminal or a function terminal of the power supply controller. The programmable circuit connection in the trim circuit can be programmed by applying a programming voltage to the external terminal. The shutdown circuit shuts down the power supply controller if the temperature rises above an over temperature threshold voltage. The shutdown circuit includes adjustment circuitry that can be used to test the shutdown circuit. The adjustment circuitry can adjust and reduce the over temperature threshold of the power supply controller.

Abstract: A current supply includes a current mirror arrangement having a feedback circuit. The current supply includes a current mirror input stage connected to a constant current source providing a reference current; a current mirror output stage providing an output current substantially mirroring the reference current; and a feedback circuit feeding back to the current mirror input stage a feedback signal representing perturbations in the output current to cause the output current to more accurately mirror the reference current. In one embodiment, a dummy current mirror output stage substantially mirrors the reference current, and the feedback circuit receives a signal from the dummy current mirror output stage, and in response thereto, supplies the feedback signal to the current mirror input stage to cause the output current to more accurately mirror the reference current.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reference voltage generating circuit comprising: a voltage source circuit (10) which is constructed for providing at an output (15) a first reference voltage (Vbe/a) which is proportional to the voltage (Vbe) across a pn junction, polarized in the forward direction, of a bipolar component (11) and which is lower than this voltage, an amplifier arrangement (2) having a first and second input (25, 26), an output (27) at which an output voltage (Vout) is available, a differential amplifier stage (20) which has at least two semiconductor components (21, 22; 121, 122), and an output stage (30), the first reference voltage (Vbe/a) being supplied to the first input (25), the output (27) being fed back to the second input (26) and the amplifier arrangement having an offset which is proportional to the thermal voltage of a semiconductor material of the at least two semiconductor components (21, 22; 121, 122) of the differential amplifier stage (20) and wherein a second reference voltage

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an object detector which can intuitively show detection information and facilitate the observation of a detected surface covered by a display screen. The detector includes a housing, a detecting circuit for detecting a hidden object behind a surface, which is arranged in the housing and includes at least one detecting element, a power supply electrically connected to the detecting circuit, and a display device 10 electrically connected to the detecting circuit, which includes a display screen attached to the housing. The display screen is transparent in a non-display stat while an information-displaying section of the display screen is opaque in a display state. By using such an object detector, an operator can obtain an intuitive indication from the object detector and simultaneously observe the marking condition on a section of a detected surface covered by a display screen during a detection operation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pulse height analyser for determination of the pulse height distribution of electronic pulses comprising a set of comparators with a common input for analogue to digital conversion of the electronic pulses, a set of latches wherein the inputs of the latches are connected to the outputs of respective comparators for recording passage of the corresponding threshold voltages by the rising edge of a pulse, a priority encoder connected to the latch outputs for determination of a pulse height category consisting of pulses with a pulse height within a pulse height interval defined by respective threshold voltages, and a micro controller that is adapted to count the number of pulses within each pulse height category.

Abstract: A micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) current and magnetic field sensor for sensing a magnetic field produced by a conductor includes a magneto-MEMS component for sensing the magnetic field and an interference-MEMS component for sensing an interference, wherein the magneto-MEMS component and the interference MEMS component are used to provide an indication of the current in the conductor.

Abstract: A trigger architecture for generating a trigger; a measurement system including a trigger architecture; and a method of processing measurement data are described.

Abstract: A current sensor for detecting current flowing through a conductive bus bar. A fitting groove is formed in the bus bar. A package is fitted into the fitting groove including a magnetic detection element that detects current flowing through the bus bar. A lead frame is connected to the magnetic detection element and extends out of the package. The bus bar includes a first conductor and a second conductor facing toward the first conductor, with the first and second conductors defining the fitting groove. The magnetic detection element is arranged between the first conductor and the second conductor in a state in which the package is fitted into the fitting groove.

Abstract: It relates to an energy meter device with two inputs (1,2), whereto signals are fed in, which depend on electrical voltage (V) and an electrical current (I). These are digitized in analog/digital transformers (3,4) and linked to one another. A phase evaluation block (9) is coupled with outputs of the analog/digital transformers for the correction of phase deviations, which can be caused by means of coupling the signals (14,16). Phase evaluation block (9) controls a phase correction block (6) at the output of an analog/digital transformer (4). The phase evaluation can take place in digital signal processing. As a result, a cost-favorable compensation of phase errors is possible with limited expenditure, so that a galvanic isolation is possible at the input when avoiding measurement errors. The described energy meter device is particularly suitable for the implementation in integrated circuitry.

Abstract: Methods of detecting atypical patterns of usage of electricity, determined by monitoring consumption at the primary line, permit detection of grow-ops and unusual line losses due to defective service lines. A meter having a high resolution is connected to the primary line and the data collected is compared to known consumption patterns thus identifying a potential theft or a loss. Once an atypical pattern has been found, the heat signatures of transformers fed by the primary line are measured. An unusual heat signature alerts the utility to load test the secondary lines of each residence fed from the transformer and thus locate suspect residences which may be grow-ops or to locate a line loss due to defective service lines.

Abstract: A molding pin for a metal die is prevented from breaking, solder is surely deposited, and thus, a circuit pitch can be reduced to the limit. On the front plane of a circuit board, prescribed circuit patterns made of a conductive material are formed, and on the rear plane, prescribed circuit patterns are also formed. On the circuit board, a through hole is formed to carry electricity between the circuit patterns on both planes. The inner shape of the through hole is narrow in a direction between the adjacent circuit patterns and wide in a circuit extending direction.

Abstract: A contact pusher (220a) attached to the front end of a contact arm (210) bringing an IC device (10) into contact with a contact part of a test head and pushing the IC device (10) is provided with a suction pad (240) for picking up and holding an IC device (10), a first press part (250) for pushing against a package (11) of an IC device (10), a second press part (260) for pushing against terminals (12) of the IC device (10), and a base part (230) for conducting heat to the first press part (250), the first press part (250) and the base part (230) contacting each other and the first press part (250) provided to be able to finely move relative to the base part (230).

Abstract: Maximum transmission line or conductor loading of an overhead transmission line or conductor spanning two transmission line towers is determined by using a sensing device clamped to the overhead transmission line. The sensing device acquires real-time information that is used in an iterative process to determine sag, limiting temperature, maximum current load and minimum clearance of the transmission line or conductor.

Abstract: There is disclosed a grid system selection supporting device comprising: a storage unit that stores use histories for a plurality of grid systems; and an extraction unit that extracts at least one of the plurality of grid systems, based on the use histories.

Abstract: A device and method for detecting the position and velocity of a test object relative to a sensor, the sensor and the test object being arranged such that they can be displaced relative to one another. In one embodiment, the sensor has a measuring coil with one or more voltage tap(s) and has a target that is placed on the test object while being electromagnetically coupled to the measuring coil. An electronic component for adding the voltages tapped on the sensor is assigned to the sensor.

Abstract: A linear variable transformer, or LVDT, for use with the transducer, which has a non-ferromagnetic core that can eliminate Barkhausen noise. By eliminating the Barkhausen noise, the sensitivity of the resulting measurements can be improved. The LVDT is formed of multiple coil assemblies which are moved relative to one another, and by using a non-ferromagnetic material, are capable of obtaining 1? resolution or better. Circuitry for obtaining a synchronous output is described, allowing a differential amplifier to synchronize one signal to another.

Abstract: A sensor and a control circuit are provided externally of a gear cover. This enhances reliability of a shift controller operated by an electric actuator and a motor driven control module similar thereto, and constitute them compact. Further, this provides a rotating position detection sensor suitably used for a switching device as described. A circuit and a sensor are not contaminated with oil or metal powder of a gear mechanism portion.

Abstract: The magnetic sensor in the invention is arranged to detect a change of magnetic field caused by a movement of the magnetic movable by a magnetic sensor element arranged with a gap to the magnetic movable, to convert the detected change of magnetic field by first and second bridge circuits into electric signals, to generate first and second rectangular-wave signals by first and second comparator circuits depending upon the electric signals, and to form a signal having at least four levels by a signal forming circuit, thereby detecting a moving direction of the magnetic movable depending upon a level-change order in the signal. This makes it possible to detect a rotating direction of the magnetic movable rapidly and correctly.

Abstract: An eddy current type sensor for detecting a conductor includes a LC circuit and an oscillator. The LC circuit has a coil and a capacitor connected in parallel with the coil. The oscillator supplies an alternating current of a predetermined oscillation frequency to the LC circuit. A signal voltage outputted from the LC circuit has a first voltage when the distance between the coil and the conductor is minimum and a second voltage when the distance between the coil and the conductor is maximum. A voltage difference between the first and second voltages has a first difference at a first temperature and has a second difference at a second temperature. The first and second differences become equal to each other at a first frequency and a second frequency. The oscillation frequency is set close to the first frequency or the second frequency.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for detecting defects which are deep in electrically conductive materials in a non-destructive manner, comprising an excitation device provided with induction coils which are used to produce low frequency eddy currents in the material, and a receiving device for the magnetic field of the eddy currents, said magnetic field being modified by the defects, and said receiving device comprising a gradiometer magnetic field sensors with an integrated bridge circuit.

Abstract: A magnetic field sensor has a first sensor with an output for a first signal indicating a magnetic field acting in a plane, and a second sensor having an output for a second signal indicating a component of the magnetic field perpendicular to the plane. The first sensor and the second sensor are applied on a common substrate by means of planar process steps.

Abstract: A magnetic-sensing apparatus and method of making and using thereof is provided. The sensing apparatus may be fabricated from semiconductor circuitry and a magneto-resistive sensor. A dielectric may be disposed between the semiconductor circuitry and the magneto-resistive sensor. In one embodiment, the semiconductor circuitry and magneto-resistive sensor are formed into a single package or, alternatively, monolithically formed into a single chip. In another embodiment, some of the semiconductor circuitry may be monolithically formed on a first chip with the magneto-resistive sensor, while other portions of the semiconductor circuitry may be formed on a second chip. As such, the first and second chips may be placed in close proximity and electrically connected together or alternatively have no intentional electrical interaction.

Abstract: An inspection system includes a housing having a cavity which defines an inspection zone, and a positioning device within the inspection zone which provides positioning of a specimen within the inspection zone. The inspection system includes a sensor system for inspecting the specimen, and an entrance aperture formed in the housing. The entrance aperture may be sized to permit the specimen to pass through the entrance aperture. The inspection system also includes a sealing mechanism, such as a door, which cooperates with the positioning device. The sealing mechanism is operatively coupled to the housing and selectively positionable between open and closed positions. The open position permits the specimen to pass through the entrance aperture, and the closed position seals the entrance aperture to effectively isolate the inspection system.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided to calculate a quantity indicating a charged state of an on-vehicle battery. The battery powers a starter starting up an on-vehicle engine. In the apparatus, a plurality of pairs of data consisting of current and voltage of the battery are acquired at predetermined sampling intervals during a cranking period of the engine in response to starting up the starter. At intervals, a value of an internal resistance of the battery is calculated based on the plurality of pairs of data of current and voltage. The internal resistance is one kind of the charged-state indicating quantity. An open voltage difference is calculated, which is a difference between a pseudo circuit-open voltage of the battery given before starting up the starter and a pseudo circuit-open voltage of the battery given after the cranking period. The value of the internal resistance is corrected using the open voltage difference.

Abstract: A detecting apparatus for detecting information of at least a portion of a stack of sheet media includes an illuminating unit and a detecting unit. The illuminating unit illuminates a side of the stack of sheet media, or a portion thereof with electromagnetic waves. The detecting unit detects electromagnetic waves transmitted through or reflected by the stack of sheet media, or a portion thereof. The detecting apparatus is adapted to compare information of the electromagnetic waves detected by the detecting unit with information about attenuation of electromagnetic waves due to moisture contained in the sheet medium, and detect information of the moisture content of at least a portion of the stack of sheet media.

Abstract: Provided is a sample observing method allowing for a detailed observation of a sample by using one and the same electron beam apparatus. The method uses an electron beam apparatus 1 comprising a primary optical system 10 serving for irradiating the electron beam onto the sample surface and a secondary optical system 30 serving for detecting secondary electrons emanating from said sample surface to form an image of the sample surface. The inspection is carried out on the sample surface, S, by irradiating the electron beam to the sample surface, and after the extraction of a defective region in the sample based on the inspection, the extracted defective region is once again applied with the irradiation of the electron beam so as to provide a magnification or a detailed observation of the defective region.

Abstract: A test fixture has a socket, a plurality of signal terminals, and a fixing module. A plurality of holes are formed in the socket for installing the signal terminals. The fixing module is installed on the socket to fix the signal terminals in the holes. The number of the signal terminals of the test fixture can be adjusted for various purposes.

Abstract: Verifying good electrical contact between pads of multiple circuit dies and a probe card or test device, where the driver channels of the test device or probe card device are connected in parallel to corresponding contacts on the circuit dies. Each of a plurality of test device or probe card device driver channels are connected to a corresponding one of a plurality of contacts on each of the plurality of circuit dies such that each test device driver channel is shared among a corresponding contact on each of said plurality of circuit dies. Logic circuitry on each chip connects each of the plurality of contacts to at least one designated contact to output from the device via said at least one designated contact a voltage that corresponds to a voltage at one of said plurality of contacts when a voltage is applied to said one of said plurality of contacts.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing integrated circuit devices includes a probe device having a plurality of probes, a first substrate comprising a product substrate having a first surface and an array of electrical contacts disposed on the first surface thereof, and a second substrate disposed between the probes and the first substrate for electrically coupling the probes to corresponding electrical contacts disposed on the first surface of the product substrate.

Abstract: An auto-measuring universal meter is disclosed. The auto-measuring universal meter includes a main unit having a display and a single button. A pair of test probes is electrically connected to the main unit in a removable manner to detect a first input signal; an inductive clamp is formed on and electrically connected to the main unit for gripping a current-carrying conductor to detect a second input signal indicative of an alternating/direct current flowing through the current-carrying conductor. The main unit is designed so as to take measurement of the input signals in a self-judging mode based on the presence of and/or the differences between the input signals so that the alternating/direct current can also be measured.

Abstract: A sheet-like probe has a porous film. In the sheet-like probe, a contact film is penetratingly supported at each position of through-holes formed in the porous film, and a peripheral edge of the contact film and the porous film are integrated such that a flexible resin insulation layer is included in a fine hole of the porous film. Electrode structure bodies are supported in a penetrating manner in the insulation layer.

Abstract: A contactor card assembly for use with a semiconductor substrate. An upper keeper plate and a lower keeper plate each include a number of conductive pins extending therethrough, situated in vias filled with an elastomeric material and extending beyond the keeper plates to contact a substrate for testing. An intermediate keeper plate is situated between the upper and lower keeper plates and includes conductive pivot bars in channels filled with elastomeric material. Each conductive pin contacts a pivot bar on one side thereof to electrically communicate with a corresponding pin on the opposite side. Under compression, variations in the height of contacts on the substrate under test are adjusted for by the movement of the pins and pivoting of the pivot bar in the elastomeric material. Methods and process for creating the keeper plates and semiconductor and testing assemblies are also included in the present invention.