Abstract: A label side of a light-scribe optical disc includes a control feature zone recording therein reference information of the optical disc and a label zone to be marked based on the reference information. An optical head is moved in the label zone to determine a first FE gain and a first sub-beam addition (SBAD) signal by way of focusing servo technology. The optical head is further moved in the control feature zone to determine a second SBAD Signal. The first and second SBAD signals are operated to obtain a ratio. The ratio is used with the first FE gain to estimate a second FE gain for accessing to the control feature zone.

Abstract: An optical pickup device for recording and reproducing information by tilting and horizontally driving a lens holder, holding an objective lens, to irradiate an optical disk with a recording/reproducing laser light from a light source. The optical pickup device has a reflector for reflecting a portion of the recording/reproducing laser light led to the lens holder from the light source; a detector fixedly placed at a position at which the amount of received light for detection, which is the recording/reproducing laser light reflected by the reflector, varies according to the tilt angle of the lens holder; and tilt angle acquisition means for acquiring the tilt angle of the objective lens from the light receiving amount detected by the detector.

Abstract: Provided is an information recording/reproducing apparatus which can perform servo control with a simple circuit structure and can be manufactured at a low cost. Analog output signals from a plurality of separate portions of a photosensor which receive reflected light from an optical disk are converted into one-bit digital outputs using a plurality of ?? conversion circuits; the one-bit output signals of the plurality of ?? conversion circuits are arithmetically operated using an arithmetic circuit to generate an n-bit (n>1) servo error signal. Further, the servo error signal of the arithmetic circuit is converted into an m-bit (m>n) servo error signal by a single decimation filter.

Abstract: An information storage medium and an apparatus for recording and/or reproducing the information storage medium capable of controlling optimal recording power without an influence of an optimal power control (OPC) area in a layer upon an OPC area in a different layer. The information storage medium includes at least one information storage layer including an optimal power control area for obtaining an optical recording condition. OPC areas in adjacent information storage layers are disposed within different radiuses of the information storage medium. Accordingly, even when the information storage medium is made eccentric or has a manufacturing error, a recording property of the information storage medium is prevented from being degraded due to an influence of an OPC area in an information storage layer upon an OPC area in an adjacent information storage layer.

Abstract: An information storage medium and an apparatus for recording and/or reproducing the information storage medium capable of controlling optimal recording power without an influence of an optimal power control (OPC) area in a layer upon an OPC area in a different layer. The information storage medium includes at least one information storage layer including an optimal power control area for obtaining an optical recording condition. OPC areas in adjacent information storage layers are disposed within different radiuses of the information storage medium. Accordingly, even when the information storage medium is made eccentric or has a manufacturing error, a recording property of the information storage medium is prevented from being degraded due to an influence of an OPC area in an information storage layer upon an OPC area in an adjacent information storage layer.

Abstract: Methods, software, and apparatus for the calibration of writing characteristics for writing to an optical storage medium, and methods of encoding calibration pattern data and calibration instructions are disclosed. The method of calibration generally includes the steps of (a) receiving pattern data and instructions synchronized with the pattern data, (b) writing the pattern data to the optical storage medium in accordance with the instructions, (c) reading a readback signal corresponding to the pattern data from the optical storage medium, (d) processing the readback signal in accordance with the instructions, and (e) determining a value of a writing characteristic for writing data to the optical storage medium based at least in part on the readback signal. The method provides the ability to flexibly set test parameters and to quickly and accurately test the write characteristics of a recordable or re-writable optical storage medium.

Abstract: An eccentricity detecting method is a method of detecting an eccentricity between a first recording layer (L0 layer) and a second recording layer (L1 layer) of an information recording medium (100) provided with the first recording layer and the second recording layer, each of which is for recording record information, the eccentricity detecting method is provided with: a detecting process of detecting at least one of first position information indicating a position of each of at least two reference points (A, B, C, D) in one recording layer out of the first and second recording layers and second position information indicating a position of respective one of at least two target points (a, b, c, d), which corresponds to each of the at least two reference points respectively, in other recording layer out of the first and second recording layers; and a calculating process of calculating the eccentricity, on the basis of the at least one of the first and second position information detected.

Abstract: A BCA (Burst Cutting Area) code including a unique disk code indicating the type of a disk is written in a BCA code area of the disk. If the disk is mounted into the optical disk player, the optical disk player reads data written in the BCA code area, extracts the disk code contained in the read data, and confirms the type of the disk corresponding to the extracted disk code by retrieving a disk code table in which disk codes corresponding to the types of disks are mapped.

Abstract: An optical pickup control apparatus including a pickup unit to apply an optical signal to an optical disc, to receive an optical signal from the optical disc, and to convert the optical signal into an electric signal; a collimating lens in the pickup unit to correct a spherical aberration of the optical signal; a detecting unit to detect an opening/closing operation of a tray on which the optical disc is placed, and to output a corresponding detection signal; a first controller to perform a first initialization process that causes the pickup unit to move to a first initial location upon receiving the detection signal; and a second controller to perform a second initialization process that causes the collimating lens to move to a second initial location upon receiving the detection signal, wherein the first and second initialization processes are simultaneous.

Abstract: There are included a plurality of record information recording areas (OPC areas PCA0, user data areas 109-0 or spare areas SA) for recording record information; a management information recording area (management area MA) for recording a plurality of management information for managing the respective ones of the plurality of record information recording areas; and a reliability information recording area (management area MA) for recording a plurality of reliability information (reliability flag group 150) that indicate, for each of the plurality of management information (120, 130 or 140), reliability as to whether the plurality of management information are correctly updated.

Abstract: A method of writing information in a storage layer (2A,2B) of a multi-layer optical storage medium (2) comprising two or more storage layers (2A,2B), especially multi-layer recordable and rewritable optical discs, especially DVD discs or BD discs. The method comprises the steps of monitoring a focus condition of an optical write beam (32b), and inhibiting the writing process in case of an axial focus displacement event. Also described is a medium access device (10), capable of writing information in a storage layer (2A,2B) of a multi-layer optical storage medium (2). The medium access device (10) comprises: light beam generating means (31) for generating a write light beam (32); focussing means (34) for focussing the write (32) in a focal spot (F) at a target storage layer (2A); write inhibit means (64) for inhibiting a writing process in case of an axial focus displacement event.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for playing an optical disc, whereby the apparatus includes an optical disc drive to read data of the disc, in which the data on a previous layer and a subsequent layer is read in an OTP manner. The optical disc drive includes a pick-up module, and a microcomputer to control the pick-up module such that, when a start sector of the subsequent layer is located outward from a last sector of the previous layer, the pick-up module is moved to a position corresponding to the start sector of the subsequent layer after completing the reading of the data of the previous layer, and is made to perform a layer jump to the position corresponding to the start sector of the subsequent layer. The apparatus can minimize time delay in the layer jump, and shorten a period of time for the layer jump by shortening a traveling distance of the pick-up module, enabling smooth and continuous reproduction of data.

Abstract: An optical disk recording apparatus and method utilize a recording beam source, a spatial light modulator that modulates a recording radiation beam into an information beam carrying information and a reference beam, a focusing unit that focuses the information beam and the reference beam onto an information recording layer, an image sensing device that detects intensity distribution of the information beam, and a control unit. The control unit controls the spatial light modulator on the basis of the intensity distribution detected by the image sensing device. An optical disk recording apparatus, and a control method thereof, thereby has a high signal-to-noise ratio.

Abstract: An optical disk recording apparatus and method utilize a recording beam source, a spatial light modulator that modulates a recording radiation beam into an information beam carrying information and a reference beam, a focusing unit that focuses the information beam and the reference beam on an information recording layer, an image sensing device that detects the intensity distribution of the information beam, and a control unit. The control unit controls the spatial light modulator on the basis of the intensity distribution detected by the image sensing device. A recording/reproducing apparatus can check the amount of information capable of being recorded onto an optical disk, and an optical disk therefor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a holographic storage medium, and more specifically to a holographic storage medium with an improved servo architecture for precise positioning of a laser beam in radial, axial and tangential direction. According to the invention, a holographic storage medium includes a holographic layer for storing holograms and a servo layer with a track structure for positioning a light beam for reading and/or recording of a hologram relative to the holographic recording medium, wherein the track structure includes a pack of two or more tracks.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical device comprising a radiation source (101) for producing a radiation beam and means (103, 106) for focusing the radiation beam on an information carrier (100) along an optical path. The radiation beam has a central axis, an outer envelope and an intensity distribution. The optical device further comprises, in the optical path, an optical component (104) designed for increasing the RIM intensity and thus the radio between the intensity near the envelope and the intensity near the central axis in that at least the radiation beam near the central axis is diffracted.

Abstract: The optical element in the form of a beam splitter which is used preferably in interplay with optical measurement systems for determining the characteristics on machine tools, or for other measurement purposes. A combination of five-edged prisms which are cemented or glued to one another is provided. The cement surface borders the partial mirroring (50%). The beam splitter is combined with at least one optoelectronic detector. With the latter the point of incidence of the light beam can be determined. A measurement system is formed of a plurality of units, each of which has a machine-mountable housing that encloses such an optical element.

Abstract: At least a first recording layer (L0 layer) and a second recording layer (L1 layer) are provided. The fist recording layer is disc-shaped, and has a first recording track path formed for recording recording information. The second recording layer is disc-shaped, arranged on the first recording layer and has a second recording track path formed in an opposite direction to the first recording track path for recording recording information. On edge parts on the outer circumference sides of the first recording layer and the second recording layer, first buffer areas (104-0 and 104-1) are further provided for preventing a recording or reproducing position from deviating from the first recording layer or the second recording layer and for interlayer jump. At least a part of the first buffer area is previously formed as a pre-recording area by an embossed pit (in the case of DVD-RW) or by a pit formed by recording laser irradiation (in the case of DVD-R).

Abstract: A wireless communication apparatus that transmits and receives an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal to communicate with a communication counterpart, the wireless communication apparatus including measurement means for measuring the signal level of each subcarrier of the reception signal received from the communication counterpart, calculation means for calculating a predicted signal level of each subcarrier when the communication counterpart receives the signal based on the signal level of each subcarrier of the reception signal measured by the measurement means and calculating an increase/decrease rate of transmission power for each subcarrier such that the average amount of limited mutual information limited by the modulation method for the signal is maximized based on the predicted signal level, and transmission parameter control means for controlling transmission parameters including the increase/decrease rate of transmission power for each subcarrier calculated by the calculation means.

Abstract: A bidirectional communication system is provided. The system includes a first remote unit for communicating with a host unit using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, the host unit communicatively coupled to a plurality of remote units in a multipoint-to-point configuration. The first remote unit is configured to transmit up to a plurality of tones, the up to a plurality of tones modulated with upstream information using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. The first remote unit is configured to receive information from the host unit to adjust a carrier frequency of tones transmitted by the first remote unit, and is configured to adjust the carrier frequency based on the received information from the host unit.

Abstract: Systems for multipoint-to-point communication using orthgonal frequency division multiplexing and identification codes are provided. In one embodiment, a system comprises: a host unit; and a plurality of remote units using a multiple access scheme to communicate at the same time with the host unit using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM); wherein the host unit allocates orthogonal tones within the system to the plurality of remote units; wherein the host unit sends an adjustment signal to at least one of the remote units instructing the at least one remote unit to adjust the timing of transmissions from the remote unit to improve orthogonality of an OFDM waveform received at the host unit, and wherein the host unit associates an address code with each of the plurality of remote units for designating downstream signals to the remote units.

Abstract: Systems for use of guard bands in multipoint-to-point orthgonal frequency division multiplexing communication are provided. In one embodiment, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system comprises: a host unit; a plurality of remote units using a multiple access scheme to communicate at the same time with the host unit using OFDM; and wherein when at least one tone within the OFDM system carries an upstream alignment signal from at least one remote unit to the host unit to assist in aligning at least one of frequency, timing, and amplitude of transmissions from the at least one remote unit to improve orthogonality of an OFDM waveform received at the host unit, the at least one tone is separated from payload bearing tones within the OFDM system by a guard band of frequency spectrum.

Abstract: Systems and methods for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing multipoint-to-point communications systems are provided. In one embodiment, a method comprises: establishing communication between a first remote unit of a plurality of remote units and a host unit, the plurality of remote units communicatively coupled to the host unit in a multipoint-to-point configuration; receiving an address code assignment from the host unit, the address code to be used in communicating with the host unit, wherein the address code is unique among the plurality of remote units; and transmitting up to a plurality of tones from the first remote unit, the up to a plurality of tones modulated with upstream information using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.

Abstract: A method of acquiring, at a receiver, fine timing synchronization for an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signal as transported over a channel, includes determining an impulse response of the channel; dynamically creating a window function corresponding to the impulse response; and selecting a multiplicity of samples of the OFDM signal in accordance with the window function, where the multiplicity of samples are time aligned with an OFDM demodulator. A corresponding synchronizer includes a correlator for cross correlating a received preamble with a known preamble to provide an impulse response corresponding to the channel; a window generator configured to dynamically create a window function corresponding to the impulse response; and a selector configured to select a multiplicity of samples of the OFDM signal in accordance with the window function, where the multiplicity of samples are time aligned with a Fast Fourier Transform window associated with an OFDM demodulator.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide methods for optimizing the spectral efficiency of control channel transmissions carrying scheduling assignments from a serving Node B to user equipments. This is accomplished through the selection of the modulation and coding scheme with the highest spectral efficiency that can support transmission of a scheduling assignment to the corresponding user equipment with a reception performance satisfying a target error rate.

Abstract: A wireless communication method includes generating and transmitting an OFDM signal containing a first OFDM symbol possessing a first transmitting pilot signal and a second transmitting pilot signal respectively allocated to a first subcarrier and a second subcarrier being symmetric with respect to a center frequency on a frequency axis, and a second OFDM symbol possessing a third transmitting pilot signal and a fourth transmitting pilot signal respectively allocated to the first subcarrier and the second subcarrier, wherein a difference between a product of a first transmitting pilot signal and a complex conjugate of a fourth transmitting pilot signal and a product of a third transmitting pilot signal and a complex conjugate of a second transmitting pilot signal is non-zero.

Abstract: A bidirectional communication system is provided. In one embodiment, a system comprises a plurality of remote units; a multipoint-to-point host unit communicatively coupled with a plurality of remote units in a multi-point to point configuration, the multipoint-to-point host unit including a multi-carrier modem configured to communicate with the plurality of remote units via an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing waveform; wherein the multipoint-to-point host unit is configured to estimate a round trip path delay correction associated with at least one of the plurality of remote units; and wherein the multipoint-to-point host unit is configured to adjust the round trip path delay associated with the at least one of the plurality of remote units.

Abstract: Circuits and methods are provided for use in a wireline or wireless transmitter to complement the digital generation of non-constant envelope modulation signals therein. A digital signal processor is configured for deconstructing a predetermined signal having an undesirable property into one or more fragment signals which do not have the undesirable property. In a preferred embodiment the predetermined signal is preconditioned by applying a preconditioning deconstruction process to another signal from which the predetermined signal is derived, whereby that other signal is deconstructed into one or more preconditioned fragment signals having an improved property over the other signal. For OFDM modulation schemes this undesirable property may be a relatively high peak-to-average power ratio. Signals formed from the fragment signals are subject to conversion to analog signals and processing by power efficient, dynamic-range limited analog circuits i.e.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for performing a variable point Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT)/Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The apparatus for performing a variable point IFFT includes: an IFFT interpolator generating interpolation data signals having a determined point and interpolating a plurality of interpolation data, the number of which depends on an IFFT operation mode signal into input data; an IFFT operator generating IFFT operation data signals by performing an IFFT operation for the interpolated data signals; an IFFT mode selector selecting and outputting some of the IFFT operation data signals in response to the IFFT operation mode signal so that the selected IFFT operation data have the same number of points as the input data; and a control unit outputting the IFFT operation. Therefore, it is possible to easily compute variably sized IFFT/FFT hardware.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product for determining a preferred backup path to protect a point-to-multipoint label switching path is presented. A point-to-multipoint backup path is computed for each node located upstream from a branching node, the backup path originating at the node and including a set of nodes downstream from said branching node. A cost metric associated with each backup path is determined, as is a distance metric associated with each backup path. From the cost and distance metrics associated with each backup path a preferred backup path is selected using a distributed algorithm.

Abstract: A system and method for providing transparent communications between an Infiniband (IB) network and a Fibre Channel (FC) network are disclosed. One method comprises: (a) detecting FC node ports in the FC network; (b) creating virtual IB targets for each FC node port in the FC network; and (c) converting IB packets directed to the virtual IB targets into FC frames directed to the corresponding FC node port. It may further comprise intercepting management packets directed to the virtual IB targets and responsively emulating a subnet management agent (SMA) of the addressed virtual IB target. Another method comprises: (a) detecting IB channel adapters; (b) creating a virtual FC target for each IB channel adapter; and (c) converting any FC frames directed to the virtual FC targets into IB packets directed to the corresponding IB channel adapter. Fabric frames directed to the virtual FC targets may be intercepted and handled appropriately.

Abstract: An internetworking device that provides improved immunity to Denial of Service attacks, and in general, improved Quality of Service (QoS). An internetworking element or other route processor is composed of two main parts, including a data forwarding plane and a control plane; the control plane runs routing, signaling and control protocols that are responsible for determining the packet forwarding behavior by the data plane. Independent control plane processes may be provided; however, they are considered to be a single network entity that is a uniquely addressable port. Packets thus intended for the control plane always pass through a designated point. As a result, a set of port services unique to the control plane may be applied to the control plane port. These control plane port services thus can be utilized to control all packet traffic entering and exiting the control plane processes as a whole.

Abstract: In a communication system and an information controller terminal equipment of a user, that is to say, a receiver of information is specified in a server side. And in a network system, a terminal equipment and a network server a position of a user is specified in a server side. The information of a terminal equipment used by the user among the pieces of terminal equipment 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 53, 54 and 70 connected to a network 10 is registered in prescribed registering means 20 and a transmission path from the terminal equipment 70 of a transmitter to the terminal equipment 53 of a receiver is determined on the basis of the registered information of the terminal equipment, so that the user can assuredly transmit the information to the terminal equipment of the receiver in the transmission path suitable for the information without any consciousness of the user.

Abstract: Provided is a network system including a traffic information aggregating apparatus connected to a router for transferring data in a network, and a monitor server connected to the traffic information aggregating apparatus. In the network system, the traffic information aggregating apparatus receives traffic information from the router, assigns an aggregation identifier to the received traffic information, creates aggregated information by aggregating the traffic information based on the assigned aggregation identifier and by statistically processing the traffic information, transmits the created aggregated information and the assigned aggregation identifier to the monitor server, and retrieves, upon reception of a retrieval request including the aggregation identifier from the monitor server, requested traffic information from the received traffic information, based on the aggregation identifier included in the received retrieval request.

Abstract: A network switch includes a media access controller (MAC) coupled to a plurality of ports, a receiver coupled to the MAC, and packet queuing control (PQC) coupled to the receiver. The PQC is configured to maintain a count of the number of receive packets stored in the receiver in each of a plurality of input buffers, each input buffer associated with one of the plurality of ports coupled to the MAC. The network switch also includes at least one output buffer operably connected to the input buffers.

Abstract: A virtual operator and method for rating a charge for connecting to a network from a virtual operator and facilitating analysis of profitability of using a network. The virtual operator receives a Charge Detail Record in real time from a network the virtual operator is using for a service. The virtual operator calculates the current utilization of the network's resources using the received CDR. The virtual operator calculates a rate for connecting to the network, the rate corresponding to the virtual operator's current utilization of the network's resources. The virtual operator further calculates a cost for providing the service, the revenue for providing the service, and the profit based on the difference between the revenue for providing the service and the cost for providing the service.

Abstract: A system, apparatus and method to increase bandwidth in a physically segmented downhole network are described herein.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an information processing apparatus configured to make a transition to one of a plurality of modes each defining processing to be executed and execute the one of a plurality of modes to which a transition has been made, which may include first selection means; second selection means; communication controlling means; determination means; and mode transition control means.

Abstract: A wireless communication apparatus is disclosed. A transmitting device transmits a first aggregation frame in which first transmission data frames are aggregated. A measuring device measures a number value of retransmission of each of the first transmission data frames. A storage stores a limiting value of the number value of retransmission. A determination device determines whether the number value of retransmission of each of the first transmission data frames exceeds the limiting value. A transmission buffer buffers the first transmission data frames for which it is determined that the number value of retransmission does not exceed the limiting value, and discards the first transmission data frames for which it is determined that the number value of retransmission exceeds the limiting value, of the first transmission data frames. A retransmitting device retransmits the first aggregation frame in which the first transmission data frames buffered in the transmission buffer are aggregated.

Abstract: A IP video delivery system (10) includes a multiplexer (30) for transmitting multiple data streams of packets over link (31) to a site having one or more receivers (22). During times of congestion, the multiplexer will discard packets from its internal queues. Packets are intelligently chosen to minimize the effects on the output from the receivers (22) by taking into account timing information related to the packets and priority.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a system and a method of dynamic QoS negotiation in NGN. The Resource and Admission Control Subsystem (RACS) provides intercommunication interfaces with Transport functional (TF) entity, Service Control Functional (SCF) entities, and Network Attachment Subsystem (NASS), and thereby, when a user terminal in NGN is to develop a service with QoS requirement, the RACS can obtain the QoS requirement parameters of a service, determine the admission control decision parameters in accordance with the QoS requirement parameters, and the RACS send the determined admission control decision parameters to the TF entity for execution, such that the QoS assurance for the service is realized. The present invention allows an end-to-end QoS negotiation in NGN in accordance with the availability of current transport network resources, and thereby can effectively improve the transport resource utilities. Therefore, the present invention can effectively ensure QoS of service transported in NGN.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for controlling a transfer rate between a first endpoint and a second endpoint, wherein the first endpoint implements a first protocol and the second endpoint implements a second protocol. The system and method may comprise elements for receiving a first control message from the first endpoint, wherein the first control message conforms to the first protocol and comprises instructions for adjusting the transfer rate to a designated bandwidth; generating a second control message that conforms to the second protocol and comprises instructions for adjusting the transfer rate to the designated bandwidth; and sending the second control message to the second endpoint.

Abstract: A telecommunications control apparatus is included in each of a plurality of nodes constituting a telecommunications system and includes a reception power decider for determining the reception power value of a control signal received from another node. A control signal decider decides, in accordance with the reception power value of the control signal thus determined, whether or not the own node should communicate with the other node in relation to interference at the own node. A communication controller controls communication between the own node and the other node in accordance with the result of decision made by the control signal decider.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and computer program products are provided. A method includes: providing at least one logical channel flow, wherein each logical channel flow of the at least one logical channel flow has an associated traffic priority; grouping the at least one logical channel flow by the associated traffic priority to form at least one group; determining an aggregate data flow for at least one group; comparing the determined aggregate data flow with at least one threshold value to obtain an indication value; and transmitting the indication value from a user equipment to a base station.

Abstract: Systems and methodologies are described that facilitate determining when and whether to implement a sender-based data packet scheduling mechanism or a receiver-based data packet scheduling mechanism based on one or mode scheduling factors. For example, a sending node and a receiving node may communicate to permit a determination of which node is more capable of performing the scheduling tasks, and a corresponding scheduling technique may be selected and executed. According to an aspect, an amount of data downloading may be compared to an amount of data uploading at each node, and a sender-based scheduling protocol may be performed when the amount of data uploading is greater than the amount of downloading data.

Abstract: Congestion adaptive data routing is leveraged to provide a substantial increase in data throughput in networks with data congestion. By continuously adapting the data routes when a congested route is encountered, the data can reach its destination via alternate routes around the congested area. This is accomplished in a distributed manner where each node provides an alternative path to congestion based on its local knowledge and/or knowledge obtained from neighboring nodes. This allows the data path to be dynamically adjusted for congestion without requiring a centralized body of control. In another instance, data rate changes can be combined with data path changes to increase the efficiency of the data throughput. Alternative routes can be determined based upon the costs associated with selecting that route. Selecting a minimum cost route yields the most efficient transfer of data.

Abstract: An automated switching system that enables a tester to establish different connections between multiple electronic devices is provided. The system includes a switching module that connects to the electronic devices. The switching module may be controlled to automatically couple the electronic devices to the testing device in different configurations. The switching module may include radio ports for selectively coupling devices one at a time and check ports for concurrently coupling one or more of the devices. The system may also be configured to provide a time-varying coupling between the tester and the electronic devices.

Abstract: A portable apparatus and methods for demonstrating and/or providing service information of an apparatus, such a displaying a movie demonstrating a service procedure and providing access to other associative type information of the apparatus and/or service procedure such as parts information and/or another movie demonstrating a service procedure of an unfortunate event possibly encountered by a viewer while performing the first service procedure being demonstrated.

Abstract: A method for guaranteeing service reliability in an end-to-end Quality of Service framework, including: checking whether connection information held in all node equipment gone through by a session connection is consistent; if it is, finishing the consistency check; otherwise, releasing the inconsistent connection information from the node equipment. In this invention, consistency check is performed inside every node equipment, and between node equipment in the network, and thus, abnormal resources may be retrieved, so that network service ability will not be affected by abnormal situations. When the network is of large scope, consistency check can be done according to signaling flow sequence for establishing a session connection. When an inconsistent situation is detected, the node equipment gives a feedback to its upstream node equipment. Usually, there is a great quantity of sessions on a network, so it is better to carry out consistency check in batch for decreasing spending.

Abstract: A method or corresponding apparatus provisions a network to support “open bandwidth” (openBW) Label Switched Paths (LSPs) that are define by a zero (0 Mbps) or substantially small bandwidth and enabled to burst up to a line rate of a communications path across which the LSP traverses.