Abstract: A hard coating film of the present invention is formed on a substrate, and is a multilayer including at least the following layers (1) to (3). (1) A first layer on the substrate side comprising one or more metals selected from the group consisting of elements in Groups 4A, 5A, and 6A of the periodic table; (2) a B- and C-containing surface layer; and (3) a graded composition layer which is formed in a sandwiched manner between the first layer and the surface layer, and in which the content of B and C changes continuously or stepwise from the first layer side toward the surface layer side. Another hard coating film of the present invention has a cubic boron nitride film as its outermost surface layer; the cubic boron nitride film is stacked in a state of having been nucleated from a B- and N-containing layer; and the B- and N-containing layer has a ratio of N to B of 0.

Abstract: A stretch film presenting controlled permeability to gases, manufactured by process of balloon co-extrusion and consisting of outer layers (S2) of stretchable polmeric material and by one or two inner barrier layers (S3) of a EVOH based polymeric matrix, which is made stretchable by the addition of a suitable plasticizer in such a percentage as to conciliate the stretchablity with the desired barrier effect, said layers of different material being reciprocally secured by means of layers (S4) of adhesive material. The polymeric matrix which forms the barrier material and the plasticizer are intimately mixed inside a double-screw corotating extruder, immediately before the phase of co-extrusion, through a premelting of the polymeric matrix and the subsequent injection of the plasticizer in liquid phase.

Abstract: A solid hydrophobic surface wetted with an aqueous solution that includes a first and second surfactant. The first surfactant includes a first straight-chain, branched chain or cyclic hydrocarbon chain and a first hydrophilic moiety. The second surfactant includes a second straight-chain, branched chain or cyclic hydrocarbon chain and a second hydrophilic moiety. The first and second straight-chain, branched chain or cyclic hydrocarbon chains may or may not be the same; the first and second hydrophilic moieties are not the same; and the first surfactant is added to the second surfactant in an amount that causes a synergistic increase in the spreading factor on the hydrophobic surface.

Abstract: Water-based wax emulsions, optionally for use in conjunction with alkaline copper and/or quaternary ammonium based preservatives systems, are described. These emulsions are comprised of natural or synthetic wax, nonionic surfactants having HL B values greater than 11, anionic surfactants, and water. Certain emulsion compositions as described in this specification posses the unique property of maintaining emulsion stability in wood preservatives during extended use in typical wood treatment processes. Water-repellant wood treated with the wax emulsions are described. A method of treating wood, comprising providing wood and treating the wood with the wax emulsion under conditions effective to increase its water repellency is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of depositing a bond coating to a surface of an article includes the steps of depositing an inner layer of the bond coating consisting of ?-NiAl comprising Fe, Ga, Mo, B, Hf or Zr or ?/?-MCrAlY comprising Fe, Ga, Mo, B, Hf or Zr or ?/??- or ?-MCrAlY, and depositing an outer layer of the bond coating, which is more coarse the in the inner layer, consisting of ?-NiAl comprising Fe, Ga, Mo, B, Hf or Zr or ?/?-MCrAlY comprising Fe, Ga, Mo, B, Hf or Zr or ?/??- or ?-MCrAlY, wherein said elements Fe, Ga, Mo, B, Hf or Zr above mentioned are present individually or in combination. The coating also includes a noble metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium and rhodium in the inner and outer layer or as a separate layer.

Abstract: An overlay coating for articles used in hostile thermal environments. The coating has a predominantly gamma prime-phase nickel aluminide (Ni3Al) composition suitable for use as an environmental coating and as a bond coat for a thermal barrier coating. The coating has a composition of, by weight, at least 6% to about 15% aluminum, about 2% to about 5% chromium, optionally one or more reactive elements in individual or combined amounts of up to 4%, optionally up to 2% silicon, optionally up to 60% of at least one platinum group metal, and the balance essentially nickel. A thermal-insulating ceramic layer may be deposited on the coating.

Abstract: Disclosed is an OLED device comprising an anode and a cathode and, located therebetween, a light emitting layer (LEL) containing a host and a stabilizer, wherein the stabilizer contains at least 5 fused rings and exhibits a first triplet energy level below 130 kJ/mol.

Abstract: An electroluminescent element is disclosed, comprising an electroluminescent material and a fluorescent substance emitting light having an emission maximum at the wavelength different from that of light emitted from the electroluminescent material upon absorption of the light emitted from the electroluminescent material. A color conversion filter is also disclosed, comprising a fluorescent substance emitting light having an emission maximum at the wavelengths of 400 to 700 nm upon absorption of the light emitted from the electroluminescent material.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device comprises an anode disposed on a substrate, an organic electroluminescent layer disposed on the anode and a cathode disposed on the organic electroluminescent layer, wherein the organic electroluminescent layer comprises a compound represented by the formula (1) below

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium includes a substrate, a magnetic recording layer made of a Co alloy or a CoCr alloy, a seed layer disposed between the substrate and the magnetic recording layer, and an underlayer made of a binary alloy material having a B2 structure and disposed between the seed layer and the magnetic recording layer. The seed layer is made of a material comprising essentially of one of elements forming the binary alloy material of the underlayer.

Abstract: The invention provides a magnetic recording medium comprising a support having provided thereon a nonmagnetic layer containing a nonmagnetic powder, and a magnetic layer containing a ferromagnetic powder formed on the nonmagnetic layer after coating and drying thereof, wherein the ferromagnetic layer is a hexagonal ferrite powder having an average tabular diameter of 15 to 40 nm or a ferromagnetic metal powder having an average major axis length of 25 to 100 nm, the thickness of the magnetic layer is from 0.01 to 0.3 ?m, the thickness of the nonmagnetic layer is from 0.5 to 5 ?m, and the specific surface area and the total pore volume of the magnetic recording medium itself measured by a nitrogen absorption measured method are from 0.1 to 50 m2/g and from 0.001 to 1 ml/g, respectively, thereby being to provide the magnetic recording medium for high density recording remarkably improved in electromagnetic characteristics, particularly in high density recording characteristics.

Abstract: Enclosed are crystallized glasses suitable for a substrate for an information recording medium such as a magnetic disc, optical disc, or optomagnetic disc, a substrate for information recording medium using such a crystallized glass substrate, and an information recording medium using such a substrate for information recording medium. The crystallized glasses are capable of providing a glass substrate having a high Young's modulus, as well as excellent mechanical strength, surface flatness, and heat resistance and having an excellent surface smoothness upon polishing. Glass substrate having an excellent surface smoothness using such a crystallized glass are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides fuel cell systems and methods of operation where a fuel cell system is used as a backup power supply in a cold environment where the system must be maintained at a suitable temperature to allow the fuel cell to operate when needed. In one embodiment, the invention provides a thermal protection system for a fuel cell backup power generator. An enclosure houses a fuel cell and a coolant circuit. The coolant circuit is coupled to the fuel cell. A temperature sensor is provided that is adapted to indicate a system temperature. A heater is provided to increase the system temperature when actuated. For example, the heater can be an electric resistive heater or a burner coupled to a combustible fuel supply such as a propane tank. The heater can be located in the interior of the enclosure, in the coolant circuit, etc. A control circuit is provided that is adapted to actuate the heater when the system temperature is below a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A gas pressure regulator (100) includes a mechanical primary stage (102), preferably including a spring valve, and an electronic secondary stage (104), preferably including a micromachined pressure regulator, the combination of the mechanical primary stage and the electronic secondary stage suitable for relatively precise low pressure near zero flow rates with reasonable energy consumption rates, such as encountered when supplying fuel to a low power fuel cell system.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel tank configured to store a fuel at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure; a vaporizer configured to vaporize the fuel; a reformer configured to reform the vaporized fuel into a hydrogen rich gas; a CO gas removal apparatus configured to remove CO gas in the hydrogen rich gas; and a cell unit configured to generate electricity by allowing the hydrogen rich gas to react with oxygen.

Abstract: A rectangular-shaped primary zinc-air battery is provided. Hence, many components of the primary zinc-air battery can be designed in shapes of sheets for easy production. In addition, the primary zinc-air battery comprises two sheets of air cathodes on opposite sides of the zinc-air battery to double the power output.

Abstract: A fuel cell comprised of a solid electrolyte layer sandwiched by a cathode layer and an anode layer to which a mixed gas of a fuel gas and air mixed together is supplied, wherein the fuel cell is formed into a spiral member comprised of a single cell layer comprised of the cathode layer, solid electrolyte layer, and anode layer stacked together or a multilayer member of a plurality of the single cell layers stacked together rolled up spirally, the cathode layer and anode layer forming facing surfaces of each upper stratum and lower stratum of the single cell layer or multilayer member adjoining each other in a diametrical direction of the spiral member are arranged through an electrical insulator, and the cathode layer and anode layer or the electrical insulator are or is formed with a gas passage enabling passage of the mixed gas, whereby it is possible to prevent an increase in size of the cell even if increasing the contact area of the anode layer and cathode layer with the air or fuel gas.

Abstract: A fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell, a hydrogen discharge valve for discharging hydrogen from the fuel cell under a predetermined condition, a hydrogen concentration reduction device for reducing the concentration of hydrogen discharged from the hydrogen discharge valve, a hydrogen sensor for detecting an instantaneous hydrogen concentration of a gas processed by the hydrogen concentration reduction device and an average hydrogen concentration calculating unit for calculating an average hydrogen concentration per hour of a gas processed by the hydrogen concentration reduction device, wherein a hydrogen discharge from the fuel cell by the hydrogen discharge valve is prohibited in the event that an instantaneous hydrogen concentration detected by the hydrogen sensor exceeds a first threshold, or in the event that an average hydrogen concentration calculated by the average hydrogen concentration calculating unit exceeds a second threshold which is lower than the first threshold.

Abstract: A monoblock battery case and a monoblock battery. The monoblock battery case comprises a first and a second container each having partitions that divide the containers into cell compartments. The first container is attached to and co-operates with the second container to form one or more coolant channels disposed between the first and second containers.

Abstract: A battery system of the present invention includes one or more cell groups, each having a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a solid electrolyte layer, and one or more heat mediating structures adjacent to the cell groups. The cell groups and the heat mediating structures are alternately stacked. A solid electrolyte is applied to the electrolyte layer. The respective cell groups have a thin plate shape, and adjacent thereto, the heat mediating structures are provided.

Abstract: A battery cell having significantly improved capacity utilization at high discharge rates while maintaining much of the energy content and other feature advantages of typical cylindrical or prismatic alkaline cells, by implementing a novel cell construction that produces increased surface area between the anode and cathode. The cell comprises an inner electrode encapsulated by a separator and disposed within the interior space of the housing. The inner electrode comprises a substantially flat material in a folded configuration and formed such that an outer extent of the inner electrode is generally conforming to a contour defined by the interior surface of the cell housing. An outer electrode is disposed within the interior space of the housing such that it is in ionic communication with the inner electrode and in electrical communication with the first terminal of the cell housing.

Abstract: A battery cell, such as a cylindrical alkaline cell, is disclosed having significantly improved capacity utilization at high discharge rates while maintaining much of the energy content and other feature advantages of typical cylindrical alkaline cells, by implementing a novel cell construction that produces increased surface area between the anode and cathode. One particular characterization of the cell construction of the present invention comprises an electrochemical battery cell comprising a cell housing defining an interior space having an interior surface, a first terminal and a second terminal. The cell further comprises an inner electrode encapsulated by a separator and disposed within the interior space of the housing. The inner electrode has a thin cross section in a folded configuration and is formed such that an outer extent of the inner electrode is generally conforming to a contour defined by the interior surface of the cell housing.

Abstract: A shading area having a transmissivity in the range of 0 to 2% is formed at the center of a clear defect in a wiring pattern of a half tone mask. Semitransparent areas having a transmissivity in the range of 10 to 25% are formed, adjacently to shading area, in areas extending from the inside of the edge of an imaginary pattern having no defect to the outside of the edge. In this way, in the correction of the defect in the half tone mask, the working accuracy tolerable margin of the correction portion of the defect can be made large.

Abstract: A method and system of optimizing the illumination of a mask in a photolithography process. A specific, preferred method includes the steps of: loading minimum design rules of a layout, loading exposure latitude constraints, loading mask error constraints, loading initial illumination conditions, simulating current illumination conditions, obtaining dose-to-print threshold from the minimum design rules (i.e., lines-and-space feature), applying OPC on the layout using the dose-to-print threshold, calculating DOF using the exposure latitude and mask error constraints, changing the illumination conditions in order to attempt to maximize common DOF with the exposure latitude and mask error constraints, and continuing the process until maximum common DOF is obtained.

Abstract: Each of patterns on two types of photomasks, including identical central pattern portions, each having a line pattern on the center of a substrate, and peripheral pattern portions around the central pattern portions, and having distances between the central pattern portion and the peripheral pattern portion different from each other, is transferred onto a wafer. Thereafter, each line width of the transferred patterns corresponding to the line pattern of each photomask is measured. The difference between each of line widths is obtained, from which the flare rate is calculated.

Abstract: There is disclosed a photo mask blank comprising at least a light-shielding film containing Cr and one or more layers of an anti-reflection film disposed on a substrate, wherein at least one layer of the anti-reflection film contains any one selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide, silicon nitride and silicon oxynitride. And there is also disclosed a photo mask blank comprising at least a light-shielding film containing Cr and two or more layers of an anti-reflection film disposed on a substrate, wherein the anti-reflection film comprises at least a layer of film with high transmittance at exposure wavelength, and a layer of film with lower transmittance at exposure wavelength than that of the layer and higher transmittance at inspection wavelength than at that exposure wavelength. Thus, there can be provided a photo mask blank having an anti-reflection film that can sufficiently reduce reflectance even if the exposure wavelength is short.

Abstract: An exposure parameter obtaining method comprising forming a charged reference pattern and a plurality of charged exposure patterns at a surface region of a to-be-exposed insulation substrate by projecting a charged beam with a first incident energy using a reference pattern whose exposure parameter has been known beforehand and all of selected exposure patterns to be corrected, forming electron signal images for the charged reference pattern and the plurality of charged exposure patterns on the basis of charged particles including secondary electrons by scanning the surface of the insulation substrate with a charged beam with a second incident energy lower than the first incident energy, and creating, on the basis of the electron signal images, the exposure parameters including at least one of position, focal point, astigmatism, rotation, and magnification for all of the selected exposure patterns to be corrected.

Abstract: A cyan toner is provided which is brighter and more greenish in hue than conventional cyan toners and highly translucency.

Abstract: The invention provides an image-forming apparatus equipped with a toner container containing toner particles and an endless belt circulating in contact with image carriers carrying electrostatic latent images. The image-forming apparatus forms a toner image on a recording medium by developing an electrostatic latent image on an image carrier by supplying the toner particles thereto, transferring the toner image onto the surface of the belt and finally onto the recording medium, and fixing the toner image thereon. When the particle count distribution in diameter ranges of the toner particles is expressed by Smaller-side grain size distribution index GSDpS=(D50p/D16p)1/2, the toner container contains toner particles having a smaller-side grain size distribution index GSDpS of 1.24 or less; and the belt comprises a base support having a Young's modulus of 3,500 MPa or more and 9,000 MPa or less and a surface microhardness of 10 mN/?m2 or less.

Abstract: Provided are a method of producing a photoresist comprising a process of filtrating a raw resist solution containing resist constituent components and a resist solvent dissolving them, using a filter made of at least one resin selected from fluorine-based resins and polyolefins, wherein this filter has been used for filtration of the same or different kind of other raw resist solution and has been washed with a solvent containing the resist solvent toward the reverse direction to the filtration direction, and a method of sequentially producing two or more photoresists using the same production apparatus, wherein this production apparatus is washed with the resist solvent, a solvent other than this resist solvent capable of dissolving or decomposing the resist constituent components, and the resist solvent, in this order, after production of the photoresist and before production of the subsequent photoresist.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel antireflective coating composition comprising a polymer, a crosslinking agent and an acid generator. The present invention further relates to a process for using the novel composition, particularly at 193 nm. The polymer of the present invention contains at least one unit selected from structures 1, 2 and 3, where, Y is a hydrocarbyl linking group of 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, R, R1, R? and R? are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl group of 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, halogen, —O(CO)Z, —C(CF3)2Z, —C(CF3)2(CO)OZ, —SO2CF3, —(CO)OZ, —SO3Z, —COZ, —OZ, —NZ2, —SZ, —SO2Z, —NHCOZ, —NZCOZ or —SO2NZ2, where Z is H or a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, n=1–4, X is O, CO, S, COO, CH2O, CH2COO, SO2, NH, NL, OWO, OW, W, and where L and W are independently hydrocarbyl groups of 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, and m=0–3.

Abstract: This invention provides novel fluorine containing polymers which comprise at least one fluorinated olefin, at least one polycyclic ethylenically unsaturated monomer with a fused 4-membered carbocyclic ring and, optionally, other components. The polymers are useful for photoimaging compositions and, in particular, photoresist compositions (positive-working and/or negative-working) for imaging in the production of semiconductor devices. The polymers are especially useful in photoresist compositions having high UV transparency (particularly at short wavelengths, e.g., 157 nm) which are useful as base resins in resists and potentially in many other applications.

Abstract: A manufacturing method using an additional heat-treatment process for a donor film with improved surface roughness. The improved donor film, used in a laser induced thermal imaging method, is capable of enhancing the lifetime of products and reducing the defect rates thereof. A manufacturing method for a donor film according to the invention, includes: providing a donor film comprising a base film, a light-to-heat conversion layer and an organic film; heating the donor film to provide a heat-treated donor film; and cooling the heat-treated donor film. The surface roughness of a donor film can be improved, and the non-uniform distribution of a laser on a region subjected to the LITI process can be minimized to prevent the over- or under-transfer of an transferred organic film, etc., and the non-uniform adhesion of the transferred organic film with an acceptor substrate.

Abstract: A method of colouring a polymeric material containing a) a latent acid, b) a color former and c) optionally further ingredients by irradiation with UV-light.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a fluid injection micro device. The method includes the steps of providing a substrate with an insulating layer thereon. A heater is formed on the insulating layer. A patterned conductive layer is formed on the heater and the insulating layer. A protective layer is formed on the conductive layer to insulate the conductive layer. An opening is formed by sequentially etching the protective layer, the insulating layer and the substrate. A patterned thick film, having a defined chamber, is formed on the protective layer. The back of the substrate is removed and thinned until the opening forms a through hole.

Abstract: A resist composition for liquid immersion lithography process, which comprises: (A) a polymer comprising (a1) alkali-soluble constitutional units each comprising an alicyclic group having both (i) a fluorine atom or a fluoroalkyl group and (ii) an alcoholic hydroxyl group, wherein the polymer changes in alkali-solubility due to the action of acid; and (B) an acid generator which generates acid due to exposure to light, and a method for forming a resist pattern using the resist composition. By the resist composition or the method, an adverse effect of the immersion liquid can be avoided while achieving high resolution and high depth of focus.

Abstract: A mono-sheet heat-developable photosensitive material, which comprises a layer containing a light-sensitive silver halide, a light-insensitive organic fatty acid silver salt, a thermal developer and a binder on a support, and exhibits substantially no sensitivity after being subjected to heat-development.

Abstract: A photothermographic material having, on both sides of a support, an image forming layer including at least a photosensitive silver halide, a non-photosensitive organic silver salt, a reducing agent for silver ions, and a binder, and an image forming method utilizing the same, characterized in that the image forming layer on a first side has an infectious development property, and the image forming layer on the other side does not have an infectious development property or has an infectious development property that is smaller than that of the image forming layer on the first side. The invention provides a double-sided type photothermographic material having improved photographic properties and an image forming method utilizing the same.

Abstract: The invention relates to particles for use in a scintillation proximity assays. In particular, the invention relates to particles for use in a scintillation proximity assay for detecting nitric oxide synthase activity in a sample. The invention also relates to a method of measuring nitric oxide synthase activity in a sample using these particles in a scintillation proximity assay. The invention further relates to methods using these particles to detect the presence of modulators of nitric oxide synthase activity.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pO157 plasmid-specified polypeptide found in E. coli EDL933 and other E. coli that binds to and cleaves C1-esterase inhibitor, and antibodies specific for the polypeptide. Also disclosed are methods employing the polypeptide for diagnosing enterohemorrhagic E. coli infection, identifying potential inhibitors of its activity, and reducing viscosity of material containing glycosylated polypeptides.

Abstract: A norovirus-permissive cell culture infected with a norovirus, and methods of culturing a norovirus, are disclosed. Norovirus-permissive cells include dendritic cell-lineage cells, and macrophage-lineage cells, such as dendritic cells, and macrophages having a deficiency in a cellular anti-viral pathway such as a STAT-1-dependent pathway, an interferon receptor-dependent pathway, or a PKR-dependent pathway. Also disclosed are methods of screening anti-viral compounds against norovirus-permissive cells infected with norovirus, and norovirus adapted to grow in fibroblasts as well as macrophages that are not deficient in a cellular anti-viral pathway. Methods of making a norovirus vaccine are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and assays for detecting bacteriophage MS2 in a sample.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for separating, detecting, quantitating and/or isolating predominantly uncharged oligonucleotide analogs, by resolving duplexes of such molecules with complementary or near-complementary DNA or charged DNA analogs. The DNA or charged analog may be labeled for detection purposes.

Abstract: The invention provides isolated nucleic acids molecules, designated 39228, 21956, 25856, 22244, 8701, 32263, 50250, 55158, 47765, 62088, 50566, and 48118 nucleic acid molecules, which encode novel GTPase activating molecules, cadherin molecules, and ankyrin containing family members. The invention also provides antisense nucleic acid molecules, recombinant expression vectors containing 39228, 21956, 25856, 22244, 8701, 32263, 50250, 55158, 47765, 62088, 50566, and 48118 nucleic acid molecules, host cells into which the expression vectors have been introduced, and non-human transgenic animals in which a 39228, 21956, 25856, 22244, 8701, 32263, 50250, 55158, 47765, 62088, 50566, or 48118 gene has been introduced or disrupted.

Abstract: A method for the isolation and purification of nucleic acids such as DNA, RNA, and PNA from various sources using cellulose particles or cellulose paper. Adjusting the concentrations of the salt and polyalkylene glycol to the levels that result in binding of nucleic acids to the cellulose particles or cellulose paper. Separating the nucleic acids bound to the cellulose particles or paper and eluting the nucleic acids from the particles or paper.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the prediction of the risk potential and/or diagnosis of cancerous diseases or inflammatory intestinal diseases, whereby a DNA sample is tested for the presence of polymorphic UGT1A7 allele. A positive result for a mutation is a positive indication of a sensitivity to cancerous diseases. A prediction of sensitivity to an inflammatory intestinal disease can similarly be made. A PCR amplification of the exon 1, using the DNA sample with subsequent sequence analysis is carried out in the method and the determined sequence compared with that of the wild type and the polymorphic allele. The presence or lack of mutations is monitored by sequencing the corresponding cDNA using automated fluorescent dye sequencing. The test arrangement for requires genetic detection reagents, namely the required primer or cDNAs, on a stationary support in a pre-prepared arrangement or sequence for reading off the results. The recombinant UGT1A7 enzymes are also used for therapeutic purposes.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and apparatuses for sequencing a nucleic acid. These methods permit a very large number of independent sequencing reactions to be arrayed in parallel, permitting simultaneous sequencing of a very large number (>10,000) of different oligonucleotides.

Abstract: This invention provides novel processes for amplifying nucleic acid sequences of interest, including linear and non-linear amplification. In linear amplification, a single initial primer or nucleic acid construct is utilized to carry out the amplification process. In non-linear amplification, a first initial primer or nucleic acid construct is employed with a subsequent initial primer or nucleic acid construct. In other non-linear amplification processes provided by this invention, a first initial primer or nucleic acid construct is deployed with a second initial primer or nucleic acid construct to amplify the specific nucleic acid sequence of interest and its complement that are provided. A singular primer or a singular nucleic acid construct capable of non-linear amplification can also be used to carry out non-linear amplification in accordance with this invention.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining the sequence of a nucleic acid sequence via incubation of a primer extended product of the nucleic acid sequence in separate pools of semi-random oligonucleotides of 5? (N)nA3?, 5? (N)nG3?, and 5? (N)nT3?, wherein N is A, C, G or T and n is selected so that the oligonucleotides will optimally anneal to all complementary sequences.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for inhibiting and/or inactivating nucleases by using nuclease inhibitors are provided. The nuclease inhibitors comprise anti-nuclease antibodies and non-antibody nuclease inhibitors.