Abstract: A data recording method for an optical disk drive is implemented by the following steps. First, one or more data blocks are encoded and recorded sequentially, and it detects if a buffer under run occurs. If a buffer under run occurs, the recording does not stop immediately until at least the main data of the data block being currently recorded have been recorded completely. Afterwards, it restarts to encode and record from the data block next to the data block where the recording stops. Moreover, the recording also can stops if a servo error is detected, and the data restart to encode and record from the data block where the recording stops or at least one data block preceding the data block where the recording stops.

Abstract: Interlayer crosstalk from a layer (non-readout layer) other than a readout layer, which poses a problem for a next-generation multi-layer optical disk, is reduced. A plurality (t) of tables showing a correspondence between user data and combinations of length, position, and total area of one or a plurality of marks in the user data are used. The possible range of the total mark area is varied depending on the tables. The tables containing user data and combinations of the length, position, and total area of the marks are switched by determining between what values in a number (t-l) of combinations of thresholds of mark areas the total area value of the marks contained in the predetermined number of past data cells (m) falls. The amount of disturbance in mark area is reduced by restricting the range of the area of a subsequent mark that is to appear.

Abstract: An optical recording and reproducing apparatus includes a recording-pulse-shift setting unit that shifts a front edge and a rear edge of a recording pulse and sets a write strategy of the recording pulse, an mark-edge-position evaluating unit that detects a front edge and a rear edge of a mark formed and detects a front mark edge position error and a rear mark edge position error, an assuming unit that assumes that the front mark edge position error is represented by a first linear function and assumes that the rear mark edge position error is represented by a second linear function, a sensitivity calculating unit that executes test recording and calculates sensitivities, and a write-strategy calculating unit that calculates a write strategy of the recording pulse on the basis of the sensitivities.

Abstract: An optical disc reproducing apparatus includes an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter which converts an analog signal obtained from an optical disc to a digital signal; an asymmetry compensator which detects and corrects an offset of the digital signal; a phase locked loop (PLL) which estimates a clock of the digital signal and compensates for a frequency error; a binary module which converts the digital signal to binary data; an equalizer which equalizes a particular frequency of the digital signal; and a channel identifier which detects a reference level of the binary module, based on an input signal of the equalizer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are aspects of optical tape technology, tape manufacturing, and tape usage.

Abstract: A hologram recorder/player includes recording beam modulation controller which causes a spatial light modulator to modulate the recording beam in such a way that a hologram is recorded in a plurality of blocks in a unit recording region and that each of the blocks includes recording information (DATA) and error correction code, at a time of recording. The hologram recorder/player includes incident angle variable controller which varies a reference beam incident angle to a plurality of predetermined angles with respect to the unit recording region. The recording beam modulation controller causes the modulation of the recording beam in such a way that a different hologram is generated for a page each time the reference beam incident angle is varied and that the hologram in each page is recorded in a plurality of the blocks.

Abstract: Disclosed are a module to detect a tracking error signal that is easy to be assembled and robust against variation in a track angle, a diffraction grating, an optical pickup, and an optical disc apparatus that enable the module to be realized, wherein a diffraction grating divided into at least three areas, first, second, and third areas, is used; the second area is an area that do not diffract light; and focusing positions of light diffracted by the first and third areas sandwiching the second area therebetween on an optical disc are arranged with a spacing of (2n?1)×t/2 in an optical disc radial direction, respectively, where n is a nonnegative integer and t is a spacing of guide grooves of the optical disc.

Abstract: A polarization detection system structured for optical read-out of disc-shaped optical data/information storage and retrieval media with surfaces comprised of pits or marks configured as multilevel oriented nano-structures (ONS) with varying pit or mark orientations and widths. The polarization detection system comprises: an optical beam source; a stage for mounting and rotating an optical disc medium about a central axis; at least one photodetector; a beam splitter positioned in an optical path between the source and stage, for directing an incident beam from the source onto an optical disc mounted on the stage and a return beam from the disc onto the photodetector; and an optical polarizer positioned in an optical path between the beam splitter and the at least one photodetector, for detection and analysis of changes in polarization of the return beam effected by variation of the orientation of the walls and/or widths of the pits or marks of the disc.

Abstract: An optical scanning device which is compatible with both multi-layer and single layer disc formats, and which alleviates lens design requirements by providing a dual lens system and by making, say, lens OL0 compatible with DVD (as well as layer L0 of the dual layer format) and lens OL1 compatible with CD (as well as layer L1 of the dual layer format). Thus the two lens designs only need to work at two different wavelengths, and the device achieves compatibility with three different optical record carrier formats, but the amount of spherical aberration in respect of each lens part only needs to be matched precisely with respect to two formats in one of a number of known ways.

Abstract: When the recording capacity of an optical recording medium is increased, both reproduction characteristics and a tilt margin are improved. Specifically, when a laser beam is projected onto an information recording layer of the optical recording medium to reproduce information, a laser beam having a wavelength of 400 to 410 nm is employed. In addition, an objective lens which converges the laser beam and has a numerical aperture NA of 0.70 to 0.90 is employed. The reproduction is started by projecting the laser beam. A reproduction signal obtained by projecting the laser beam is decoded by means of a PRML detection method to generate reproduction data of the optical recording medium. When the quality of the reproduction data deteriorates, the power of the laser beam is temporarily increased.

Abstract: A method is provided for shifting a rotational speed of a disc. The method includes steps of: detecting a state of a button to determine whether the button is pressed down; counting activating duration if the button is pressed down; determining whether the activating duration is up to a predetermined time; and switching the rotational speed of the disc from a first speed level to a second speed level, if the activating duration is up to a predetermined time. A related disc drive using the method to shift the rotational speed of the disc is also provided.

Abstract: There is disclosed an optical recording medium having at least a recording layer provided on a light-transmissive substrate having grooves and lands with prepits, wherein said lands are generally rectangular or trapezoidal in cross section having a top surface and sidewalls, as well as a specified land height (h1), and said prepits are formed in a land in the center area of the land in a width direction thereof, and spaced from the adjacent grooves by boundary walls of a specified height (h2). The optical recording medium permits address information and disc rotation control information to be accessed accurately even if a track pitch is small, and which still can be manufactured efficiently, with the added capability of signal recording in high density and reproduction of high-quality signals.

Abstract: There is provided an optical information detecting method. The method includes: detecting an image of a source data page coded with balanced codewords by the use of 1:N (where N is greater than 1) excessive detection pixels; determining a distribution pattern of valid detection pixels and invalid detection pixels to be corrected in the detected image by the use of a light intensity distribution of the detected image; and dividing the detected image into balanced codeword detecting areas corresponding to the balanced codewords and sampling data of the balanced codeword detecting areas by the use of the determined distribution pattern and an optical distribution characteristic of the balanced codewords. Accordingly, it is possible to efficiently detect optical information by the use of a 1:N over-sampling method. Specifically, the distribution pattern of valid detection pixels and invalid detection pixels in the detected image of a data page can be properly used to sample a balanced code.

Abstract: Plural grooves or lands formed in an information recording carrier include at least a wobbling region and data is recorded wobblingly in this wobbling region by phase shift modulation while recorded digitally with a single or multiple waves as a channel bit.

Abstract: An optical disc has a first transparent substrate and a second substrate. The first substrate has a first surface and an opposing second surface. The first surface is a beam incidence surface for a laser beam in recording or reproduction of data. The second surface has first concave sections and first convex sections alternately formed thereon. The first concave sections are closer than the first convex sections to the beam incidence surface. The first convex sections have first top portions and first bottom portions closer than the first top portions to the beam incidence surface. First pre-pits carrying auxiliary information related to the data is formed on the first top portions. Each first top portion has a first width orthogonal to a direction of tracks on the first substrate. A second width orthogonal to the above direction between two first top portions of adjacent first convex sections having a first concave section therebetween is narrower than the first width.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for data storage. In particular the invention relates to a single electron memory device utilizing multiple tunnel junctions, and arrays or matrixes of such devices. The data storage device according to the invention comprises at least one nanowhisker adapted to store a charge. Each of the nanowhiskers comprises a sequence of axial segments of materials of different band gaps, arranged to provide a sequence of conductive islands separated by tunnel barriers and a storage island arranged at one end of the conductive island/tunnel barrier sequence, whereby to provide a data storage capability. The number of conductive islands should preferably be between five and ten.

Abstract: A codec includes an output module for converting a digital input signal into an analog output signal. A controller module monitors a plurality of status conditions and asserts a mute signal for engaging an output mute switch based on a plurality of disconnect rules.

Abstract: Disclosed are, inter alia, methods, apparatus, data structures, computer-readable media, mechanisms, and means for applying features to packets in an order specified by a selected feature order template. By providing multiple feature order templates, a network device manufacturer can provide the user of the network device the ability to select among a variety of orders in which features are applied, while limiting the possible selectable orderings such as to those capable by the hardware and software of the network device, and/or to a subset of orderings thereof which has been thoroughly tested. Some devices further allow a user to define new feature order templates via a user interface.

Abstract: A method for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing multipoint-to-point communications system is provided. The method includes establishing communication between a first remote unit of a plurality of remote units and a host unit, the plurality of remote units communicatively coupled to the host unit in a multipoint-to-point, multiple access configuration, transmitting up to a plurality of tones from the first remote unit, the up to a plurality of tones modulated with upstream information using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, and receiving information from the host unit to adjust a carrier power for tones transmitted by the first of remote unit so that the tones are substantially orthogonal when received at the host unit.

Abstract: A data communication network includes a plurality of primary virtual bridges, interconnected by primary virtual connections so as to transmit and receive data packets over the network to and from edge devices connected thereto. One or more backup virtual bridges, each associated with at least one of the primary virtual bridges, are connected by at least one secondary virtual connection to at least another one of the primary virtual bridges, so that upon a failure of one of the primary virtual bridges with which it is associated, the backup virtual bridge transmits and receives the data packets over the network via the at least one secondary virtual connection in place of the at least one of the primary virtual bridges.

Abstract: A flexible open ring optical network includes a plurality of nodes connected by twin or other suitable optical rings. Each node is operable to passively add and passively drop traffic from the rings. The nodes may include a transport element for each ring. The transport elements include an optical splitter element and an optical combiner element. The optical splitter element is operable to passively combine an add signal including local add traffic and a first transport signal including ingress traffic from a coupled optical ring to generate a second transport signal including egress traffic for transmission on the coupled optical ring. The optical combiner element is coupled to the optical splitter element and is operable to passively split a third transport signal including the ingress traffic to generate a drop signal including local drop traffic and a fourth transport signal including the ingress traffic.

Abstract: In a tunnel connecting a source node to a destination node, data transfer for the tunnel is enabled through a first path. The data transfer is enabled by reserving resources in intermediate nodes in the first path between the source node and the destination node. Data transfer for the tunnel may be switched from the first path to a second path by reserving resources in intermediate nodes in the second path. If an intermediate node in the second path is shared by the second path and the first path, the resources reserved by the first path are shared by the second path. if an intermediate node in the second path is not shared by the first path, resources are reserved by the second path. After resources are reserved in the second path and data transfer is enabled in the second path, data transfer for the tunnel is switched to the second path.

Abstract: This invention is to carry out communication control according to required line quality. A transmission apparatus according to this invention includes: a line database that stores required line quality data for each first line connecting between the transmission apparatus and a router; a fault detector that detects a line fault in the first lines or a second line connecting between the transmission apparatus and another transmission apparatus; and a unit that identifies a line to be controlled from the first lines based on information of the line fault or the information of the line fault and the required line quality data, upon detection of the line fault by the fault detector. Accordingly, even if the line quality is degraded, the communication control can be carried out. Moreover, even if the required line quality varies for each router, the line to be controlled can be identified according to the required line quality.

Abstract: Apparatus and associated systems and methods may relate to a data traffic modification system that may include a processing module to handle SATA-compliant data transfers in which a source device or a target device issues requests to pause and subsequently to resume the data transfer. In various implementations, a data traffic modification device may selectively modify data traffic upon the occurrence of a predetermined condition. In one illustrative example, if a target device for the data transfer issues a pause request (e.g., to prevent a buffer overflow), the data traffic modification device may generate a pause acknowledge signal to the target device within a response time specified by the protocol. In another illustrative example, if a source device for the data transfer issues a pause request, the data traffic modification device may generate a pause acknowledge signal to the source device within the response time specified by the protocol.

Abstract: Systems and methods for utilizing transaction boundary detection methods in queuing and retransmission decisions relating to network traffic are described. By detecting transaction boundaries and sizes, a client, server, or intermediary device may prioritize based on transaction sizes in queuing decisions, giving precedence to smaller transactions which may represent interactive and/or latency-sensitive traffic. Further, after detecting a transaction boundary, a device may retransmit one or more additional packets prompting acknowledgements, in order to ensure timely notification if the last packet of the transaction has been dropped. Systems and methods for potentially improving network latency, including retransmitting a dropped packet twice or more in order to avoid incurring additional delays due to a retransmitted packet being lost are also described.

Abstract: A network status display device using a traffic flow-radar is provided.

Abstract: The invention provides an ATM switch which realizes hierarchical shaping for each virtual channel and each virtual path with a simple configuration. Cells are sent from cell buffers of an ATM core switch by FIFO operation to output side connection information application sections of output side circuit interfaces. In each of the output side circuit interfaces, the output side connection information application section acquires connection information such as a service class based on an intra-switch connection identification number applied to each cell and applies the connection information to the cell. An output cell buffer queues cells for each virtual channel. A VC cell rate control section reads out cells from the output cell buffer in accordance with the connection information and performs traffic priority control and rate control of the cells to be outputted.

Abstract: A base station (101) will instruct relay stations (102) to periodically skip transmissions of their control information when control messaging by all relay stations exceeds a predetermined threshold (e.g., 50% of radio resource capacity). The base station determines the relay stations to skip by periodically ranking the relay stations and skipping control messages for relay stations having a lowest rank.

Abstract: Traffic flow is monitored in a plurality of links. Based on the monitoring, a manner in which traffic is allocated to the links is determined, and at least one policer is assigned according to the manner in which traffic is allocated to the links.

Abstract: A switch having a higher speed port, one or more slower speed ports, a larger buffer memory and numerous larger counters to achieve higher speed and longer range of communication. In one embodiment a larger switch having a larger buffer memory and larger counters connects to a smaller switch having a smaller buffer memory and smaller counters, the larger switch practically expanding the buffer memory and counters in the smaller switch. A combination of several counters can also avoid buffer overrun in any switches in the frame flow path due to the mismatch between the counter capabilities, the limitations of physical buffer spaces or the mismatch between transmission speeds. In another embodiment, the buffer spaces in several switches can be aggregated or cascaded along a frame path so that there are enough credits to maintain a high-speed transmission over a long distance.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses and systems directed to facilitating increased throughput in wireless mesh networks. Generally, according to one implementation of the present invention, routing nodes in a wireless mesh network combine metrics corresponding to the link and network layers to select a route to a root node in the wireless mesh network. In one implementation, for each neighbor, a given routing node computes a routing metric, which is based on the computed route cost and hop count, and selects a preferred neighbor as the parent routing node based on the best routing metric.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for calibration and channel state feedback to support transmit beamforming in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system are disclosed. For radio frequency (RF) calibration, a first station (STA) sends a calibration request to a second STA, and the second STA sends a sounding packet to the first STA. The first STA receives the sounding packet, performs at least one channel measurement and performs calibration based on the channel measurement. For channel state feedback, the first STA sends a channel state feedback request to the second STA. The second STA sends a sounding packet to the first STA. The first STA receives the sounding packet and performs at least one channel measurement with the sounding packet. The first STA then calculates a steering matrix for transmit beamforming based on the channel measurement.

Abstract: The CODEC adjustment system is used when an incoming call is received for emergency services and the received audiovisual data does not reflect the information useful to the emergency services operator. The operator may want to hear background noise or increase the fidelity of the call in order to identify voices or determine the full extent of the emergency. Using the CODEC adjustment system, the operator or the caller can change the parameters of the sending CODEC during the emergency services call such that the encoded data contains the desired information.

Abstract: A method of managing resources in a network. For each application executing on a host device, data transfer requirements are determined based on a capability level currently acceptable for the application. Methods of data transfer currently available to the host device for applying toward the data transfer requirements of the applications are determined. The method includes arbitrating allocation of network resources to a gateway and allocation of resources of the gateway to the host device based on probability of application effectiveness and network bandwidth management priorities, and arbitrating allocation of host device resources to the applications based on current acceptable capability level and probability of application effectiveness.

Abstract: A method, system, and computer program product for monitoring performance of a network providing content to an Internet Protocol device are provided. The method includes assigning an Internet Protocol address to a network monitoring system to establish a communication between the network monitoring system and an Internet Protocol device associated with the Internet Protocol address. The method also includes gathering performance data corresponding to the network and providing the Internet Protocol device with access to the performance data corresponding to the network via the Internet Protocol address.

Abstract: High throughput (HT) devices are required to support defragmentation for reassembling a medium access control (MAC) service data unit (MSDU) or a MAC protocol data unit (MPDU) from its fragments, but may or may not fragment data to be transmitted. In one embodiment, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) includes a data defragmentation unit which defragments any fragmented data received by the WTRU, but the WTRU does not transmit fragmented data. In another embodiment, a WTRU includes a processor, a data fragmentation unit, a transmitter and a fragmentation selection unit. The processor determines whether or not the transmitter should transmit fragmented data. When fragmentation is desired, the processor controls the fragmentation selection unit such that the data fragmentation unit fragments data provided by the processor for transmission by the transmitter.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a network diagnostic device or component that is placed in-line between two nodes in a network to capture the value of a component of a speed negotiation signal. The network diagnostic component receives a speed negotiation signal from a first node for communication with a second node. The speed negotiation signal may be received by a receive module. The speed negotiation signal includes one at least a first portion that comprises one or more data units. The network diagnostic component measures the duration of the data units of the first component of the speed negotiation data. This measurement may be performed by a measurement module. The network diagnostic component compares the measured duration with a desired duration. The comparison may be performed by a measurement module. A record of whether the measured duration compares with the desired duration is then generated by a generation module.

Abstract: A network including a plurality of nodes each configured as transmitters, receivers, or transceivers. At least one of the nodes may be configured to wirelessly transmit a repeating isochronous signal for reception by one or more of the other nodes. The isochronous phase and/or frequency of the repeating isochronous transmission may be variably adjusted to reduce signal interference.

Abstract: A method for real-time monitoring of the performance of a network. From a set of predefined network capabilities, one or more of the network capabilities is attributed to an application of the network. Activity of the application running in the network is sampled to individually monitor each capability attributed to the application. This method allows the collection and evaluation of usage information for each application by network capability. A user can also manipulate a NCO environment by adding phantom nodes and/or resources to observe effects on capability loads.

Abstract: A network topology data record provides a information upon the basis of which a network topology can automatically be generated. A topology resolution record can include network element or shelf/path data, as well as relationship data including a network element grouping identifier, such as a site identifier. The record can also include affiliation data, such as line adjacency, associated shelf adjacency, photonic adjacency, and service layer device adjacency. A network topology is generated, without user input, based on the automatically discovered network topology information. Topology resolution data is stored at the network level, without need for interaction with a management layer. The data record also enables a graphical user interface for network management in which a user can switch and zoom between a plurality of views in a context-sensitive manner, each view showing relationship or interconnection information for the network elements.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method, apparatus and computer-readable medium for selecting a root bridge when a spanning tree is configured in an Ethernet network including a plurality of legacy switches and a plurality of synchronous switches. The method comprises the steps of providing in advance identification information in a configuration BPDU message of the synchronous switch, the identification information representing that a corresponding switch is an AV switch, broadcasting configuration BPDU messages by the legacy switches and the synchronous switches; and receiving configuration BPDU messages by the synchronous switch from other switches, confirming bridge priorities according to the synchronous switches through the received configuration BPDU message and the identification information to select a synchronous root bridge, receiving configuration BPDU messages by the legacy switch from other switches, and confirming bridge priorities through the received configuration BPDU messages to select a legacy root bridge.

Abstract: A communication device is provided in a network including a plurality of network segments to which customer devices are connected respectively, the communication device being connected through a cable or radio communication line to a central management device so that management information required for remote management of the customer devices is exchanged between the communication device and the central management device through the communication line. In the communication device, a searching unit searches customer devices connected to a predetermined network segment among the plurality of network segments in the network by predetermined timing. A transmitting unit transmits segment configuration information of the predetermined network segment as a result of device searching by the searching unit through the communication line to the central management device by predetermined timing.

Abstract: A method for creating an accounting record in a policy server in a communication network. The method also includes receiving policy data from one or more application layer elements. The method includes receiving accounting data from one or more lower layer elements, such that the accounting data is associated with the policy data. The method also includes consolidating the accounting data and the policy data received.

Abstract: A communication line is installed in a network by automating a design phase and a configuration phase for the service and by automating failure recovery in either of the phases. In the design phase, an optimal route for the communication line is found, and the network components are provisioned and assigned. If the assigned network components are not available or can not be validated, the components causing the failure are marked, and the design phase is retried without the marked components. After the design phase, the configuration phase begins. The circuit design is tested against actual network components. If the test is passed, the actual network is configured according to the circuit design and the circuit is activated. If there is a network component failure during the configuration phase, the good route elements in the design are released while the failed network components are marked. The design phase is retried.

Abstract: A system and method for using a single frame to trigger a response from multiple stations in a WLAN network in a scheduled order when in an ad hoc mode. Each responding station responds to the requesting station with an indication of the amount and periodicity of the data stream that the responding stations want to transmit. This allows for an efficient schedule, and a requesting station can go to sleep after it has completed all of its data transactions with the responding stations in the WLAN network.

Abstract: A radio section 1 and a control section 2 allow communications using two radio channels simultaneously, such as TV phone communication and message communication. An LCD 33 displays information concerning each communication simultaneously or selectively when simultaneous communications are being made using two radio channels. Even if communications are made using two radio channels simultaneously, excellent operability is provided and a radio communication terminal can be realized which is low in cost and power dissipation.

Abstract: An RF transceiver includes a baseband processing module, a transmitter section, and a receiver section. The baseband processing module convert outbound data into a plurality of outbound symbol streams, wherein each of the plurality of outbound symbol streams is outputted as one or more frames, wherein a frame of the one or more frames includes a setup portion and a data portion, wherein the set up portion includes at least one of a training sequence field and a signal field, and wherein the set up portion is formatted in accordance with one of a plurality of protocols. The baseband processing module further converts a plurality of inbound symbol streams into inbound data. The transmitter section converts the plurality of the outbound symbol streams into a plurality of outbound RF signals. The receiver section converts a plurality of inbound RF signals into the plurality of inbound symbol streams.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for processing an event generated during a recording of a DMB program in a DMB mobile terminal. The method includes recording an incoming DMB program when a DMB record mode is selected; determining if an event is generated during the recording of the DMB program; determining whether to execute the generated event; and when the execution of the generated event is selected, processing the generated event while recording the DMB program.

Abstract: A scalable distributed wireless control and monitoring system for managing utility supply over a wide geographical area. Such distributed networks can manage/control electricity, gas, water and other petroleum product supply to a large geographical area. The network consist of plurality of nodes that control and monitor utility usage at subscriber point; these nodes are called activityNode. The ActivityNodes can communicate with one or plurality of superNodes. The superNodes act as center for control and management for the activityNodes. The superNode can send “instruction to disconnect” a subscriber to an ActivityNode. A superNode can exchange data with one or plurality of neighboring superNodes. An aggregate of superNodes can poll data from plurality of activityNodes on the network, this information can be analyzed to determine the network performance and can also be use to preempt fault on any part of the network.

Abstract: A system for connecting a cellular phone located in a mobile vehicle such as an aircraft, land vehicle, water craft or space craft to a stationary mobile telephone network includes a mobile radio base station on board the mobile vehicle that converts mobile radio data into IP data and transmits the IP data via an IP connection to a ground station where the IP data are converted back into mobile radio data and provided to a stationary mobile radio network.