Abstract: An optical module includes a substrate, a spacer coupled to the substrate, at least one electronic component, e.g., a passive component, coupled to the substrate, and an image sensor coupled to the spacer. The spacer spaces the image sensor above the at least one electronic component.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for stabilizing the signals generated by a scintillation detector for measuring radiation, especially ionizing radiation, using the radiation which is at least partially absorbed in the detector, said signals depending on the operating temperature of the detector. According to said method, the temperature-dependent calibration factor K is determined from the signal shape of the signals generated by the radiation to be measured itself.

Abstract: An in-situ ion sensor is disclosed for monitoring ion species in a plasma chamber. The ion sensor may comprise: a drift tube; an extractor electrode and a plurality of electrostatic lenses disposed at a first end of the drift tube, wherein the extractor electrode is biased to attract ions from a plasma in the plasma chamber, and wherein the plurality of electrostatic lenses cause at least one portion of the attracted ions to enter the drift tube and drift towards a second end of the drift tube within a limited divergence angle; an ion detector disposed at the second end of the drift tube, wherein the ion detector detects arrival times associated with the at least one portion of the attracted ions; and a housing for the extractor, the plurality of electrostatic lenses, the drift tube, and the ion detector, wherein the housing accommodates differential pumping between the ion sensor and the plasma chamber.

Abstract: An electroscope system excites a certain area of a surface of a sample to emit electrons with a characteristic distribution of kinetic energies. The analyzed area of the sample is excited by an electron beam produced by a field emission source. A monochromator energy filter for the electron beam is down-stream of the field emission source. The field emission electron source is preferably a Schottky source, and a monochromator energy filter reduces energy dispersion of the electrons of the electron beam to less than 0.2 eV. Microareas of linear dimensions on the order of ten nanometers may be analyzed while observing them. Information on the chemical state of the detected elements present at the surface of the examined microarea of the sample is gathered.

Abstract: Ion sources, systems and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: Ion sources, systems and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: (1) part or all of the number, coordinates and size/shape and imaging sequence of imaging points each for observation, the imaging position change method and imaging conditions can be calculated automatically from CAD data, (2) a combination of input information and output information for imaging recipe creation can be set arbitrarily, and (3) decision is made of imaging or processing at an arbitrary imaging point as to whether to be successful/unsuccessful and in case a failure is determined, a relief process can be conducted in which the imaging point or imaging sequence is changed.

Abstract: A method of visualizing a sample in a wet environment including introducing a sample into a specimen enclosure in a wet environment and scanning the sample in the specimen enclosure in a scanning electron microscope, thereby visualizing the sample.

Abstract: A triacetone triperoxide cloud associated with a triacetone triperoxide explosive attached to a hard target is remotely detected by operating differential-absorption lidar lasers to transmit a laser beam toward the hard target at differing wavelengths. A backscattered laser beam reflected from the lidar target (hard target, person, aerosols, clouds, buildings) is detected because a cloud of triacetone triperoxide in front of the lidar target and between the lidar target and the differential-absorption lidar system produces a differential-absorption signal having characteristics that identify the triacetone triperoxide. In a second embodiment, a triacetone triperoxide cloud that is absorbing optical radiation from its ambient environment and which is attached to a hard target is detected from a location remote from the triacetone triperoxide explosive by detecting an optical radiation absorption signature characterized by triacetone triperoxide absorption lines.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method of examining an object is disclosed comprising scanning an object at first and second radiation energies, detecting radiation at the first and second energies, and calculating a function of the radiation detected at the first and second energies. The function may be calculated for corresponding portions of the object. It is determined whether the object at least potentially comprises high atomic number material having an atomic number greater than a predetermined atomic number based, at least in part, on the function. The function may be a ratio. The function may be compared to a second function, which may be a threshold having a value based, at least in part, on material of the predetermined atomic number. The second function may be the same as the first function.

Abstract: The invention concerns an inorganic scintillator material of general composition M1?xCexCl3, wherein: M is selected among lanthanides or lanthanide mixtures, preferably among the elements or mixtures of elements of the group consisting of Y, La, Gd, Lu, in particular among the elements or mixtures of elements of the group consisting of La, Gd and Lu; and x is the molar rate of substitution of M with cerium, x being not less than 1 mol % and strictly less than 100 mol %. The invention also concerns a method for growing said monocrystalline scintillator material, and the use of said scintillator material as component of a scintillating detector in particular for industrial and medical purposes and in the oil industry.

Abstract: At the time of the radiation irradiation, in the photo diode of all detecting elements G11-G1n, the photoelectric conversion operation is conducted. In this case, when TFT of the detecting elements used for conducting the radiation measurement is made ON, it is connected to each output circuit of the output circuit group 13, and by the detecting element used for conducting the radiation measurement, the photoelectric conversion operation is conducted and obtained electric signal is held in the output circuit. This electric signal held in the output circuit is outputted for each predetermined interval, and it is confirmed whether the radiation amount is more than a predetermined index value.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus comprises a read unit reading the electric signal in the radiation detecting elements in a radiation detecting unit comprises the radiation detecting elements converting incident radiation into electric signals arranged two-dimensionally, a control unit controlling the radiation detecting unit with such that a first radiation detecting element group is made senseless state and a second radiation detecting element group is made sensible state, and a signal processing unit performing a subtraction processing such that the electric signal in the radiation detecting elements made senseless state read by the read unit is subtracted from the electric signal in the radiation detecting elements made sensible state read by the read unit according to the state control by the control unit, to reduce conspicuous line noise in an image by a relatively simple configuration.

Abstract: A front side illuminated photo detector array is shielded from X-ray cross-talk by filling the septa between individual photo detector diodes with a high atomic number material such as tungsten. The processing circuitry is also shielded from stray X-rays by a barrier such as tungsten placed between each photo detector diode and the processing circuitry. This barrier serves a dual role as shielding the processing circuitry from stray X-ray radiation and acting as the electrical contact between the detector diode and the circuitry.

Abstract: The service lifetime of an ion source is enhanced or prolonged by the source having provisions for in-situ etch cleaning of the ion source and of an extraction electrode, using reactive halogen gases (F or Cl), and by having features that extend the service duration between cleanings. The latter include accurate vapor flow control, accurate focusing of the ion beam optics, and thermal control of the extraction electrode that prevents formation of deposits or prevents electrode destruction. An apparatus comprised of an ion source for generating dopant ions for semiconductor wafer processing is coupled to a remote plasma source which delivers F or Cl ions to the first ion source for the purpose of cleaning deposits in the first ion source and the extraction electrode. These methods and apparatus enable long equipment uptime when running condensable feed gases such as sublimated vapor sources, and are particularly applicable for use with so-called cold ion sources.

Abstract: A specimen holding device has a plurality of electrodes, and a moving mechanism for moving upward and downward a part of the plurality of electrodes. Further, the moving mechanism moves the part of the plurality of electrodes downward to evacuate from a path through which a specimen is introduced. Further, the specimen holding device has a positioning member for the specimen so that the specimen is positioned after being mounted.

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting the presence of a targeted group of hydrocarbons, such as diesel/fuel oil, lube oil, motor oil, hydraulic oil, jet fuel, mineral oil and crude oil in a highly reliable manner even though present at only extremely low concentration. A high power, pulsed light source is focused into a collimated beam that is reduced by a set of filters to a band of pulsed light within a precise set of wavelengths and directed vertically onto a target surface, such as a body of water. All but a precise band of light wavelengths returning to the apparatus are blocked so that substantially all light which then reaches an internal photodetector is within such precise band of wavelengths; as a result receipt of such light programmed intervals following such pulses is indicative of the presence of a member of the targeted hydrocarbon group.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a slip-resistant photo-luminescent device includes dispensing first and second powdered components into respective recesses (8, 13) provided in a substrate (7) such as a metal strip. The first powdered component includes a resin and a friction enhancing material, the second powdered component includes a resin and a photo-luminescent pigment. The powdered components are then heated (4) to fuse the resins and bond them to surfaces of the respective recesses (8, 13). A channel (15) is formed between the first and second recesses (8, 13) for receiving traces of the first and second components that may spill from the adjacent recesses.

Abstract: The invention is a UV sensitive composition that undergoes a color change upon exposure to a predetermined dosage of UV-C radiation. The UV-C sensitive composition comprises a halogenated polymer, such as polyvinylidene chloride, that produces an acid upon exposure to UV radiation, and a pH sensitive dye. Upon exposure to UV-C radiation, the halogenated polymer undergoes degradation and produces HCl. The pH sensitive dye changes color as a result in an increase in HCl in the system. The composition may also include an acid scavenging composition and/or a diluent to control the amount of HCl produced in the system. The amount of HCl liberated from UV-C exposure may be selectively controlled so that a color change may be produced at a desired UV-C dosage. In some embodiments, the composition may be used to indicate a UV-C dosage from about 100 to 1600 mJ/cm2.

Abstract: This invention relates to a radiator 10 and to a method of making a radiator. In particular, this invention relates to a radiator 10 having thin-film coatings that serve to increase the thermal emissivity of the entire structure. A radiator 10 is provided comprising a substrate 12, an amorphous carbon layer 16 and the metallic carbide forming layer 14 interposed between the substrate 12 and amorphous carbon layer 16. In addition, a method of making a radiator is provided comprising the steps of forming the metallic carbide-forming layer on a substrate and forming an amorphous carbon layer on the metallic carbide-forming layer.

Abstract: One or more fixed-orientation fanned laser beams and one or more displacement measurement devices to precisely measure the orientation of a payload platform are disclosed in a metrology system and method. The measurement devices may be distributed at locations across a payload platform such that displacement changes of these devices can be used to accurately determine platform pointing. Laser beam transmitters may be fixed in the same reference block to which a spacecraft attitude sensor is mounted. Fanned laser beams are transmitted from these sources to the measurement devices so that their displacements can be determined with respect to the plane of the fanned beams and thereby with respect to the spacecraft attitude sensor. Only a small number of fixed laser beams are needed to achieve precision measurements at a reduced cost, weight and power, and with increased system reliability and simplified system integration.

Abstract: A light receiving device 12 that receives reflected light condensed by a light receiving condenser means 14 has two first and second electrodes 15, 16 provided on a light receiving surface at prescribed intervals along a baseline that connects a light emitting device 11 with the light receiving device and a resistive region 21 provided between the two electrodes. An electric charge generated at the incident position of light incident on the light receiving surface of the light receiving device 12 becomes a photo current and outputted from the first and second electrodes 15, 16 via the resistive region 21. The resistance value of the resistive region 21 of the light receiving device 12 is distributed so as to be roughly inversely proportional to a distance from the optical axis of the light receiving condenser means 14 to the incident position of a light spot on the light receiving surface.

Abstract: Two different kinds of fluids are sent to a flow path for measurement in which a plurality of detection sections are provided, transit time of consecutive fluid, following preceding fluid, at each detection unit is detected, and a flow speed of the fluid is found from time required for the consecutive fluid to move between the plurality of detection sections. The present invention provides a measuring apparatus which measures the flow speed and a rate of flow in the flow path with suppressing an influence from the external to the fluid thereby, and a measuring method using the measuring apparatus.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to acquire the brightness of NA>1 while alleviating the requirement for the precision of positioning for the collection lens of the sample cell in a non-liquid immersion system. In order to achieve the object mentioned above, the bottom of the sample cell is formed in a curved surface, and an arrangement is made to ensure that the fluorescence irradiated from the focusing point would be parallel pencils when emitted by the cell, and in addition a pinhole is disposed at the focal point of the fluorescence collection lens.

Abstract: A pilot operated valve has a main poppet that selectively controls flow of fluid between first and second ports in response to pressure in a control chamber on one side of the main poppet. The main poppet has an aperture extending between the control chamber and the first port. A pilot piston slides within the aperture and has the pilot passage with a pilot orifice and a first disk spring biases the pilot piston with respect to the main poppet. A pilot valve element selectively engages the pilot orifice to open and close the pilot passage and thereby controls motion of the main poppet. Forces from the first disk spring and a pressure differential between control and pilot chambers alter a position of the pilot valve seat with respect to the main poppet. The change in position compensates for effects on valve operation due to variation of the pressure at the two ports.

Abstract: A handle assembly for providing dual flush functionality to a flush valve. The handle assembly comprising a handle and a plunger engagable with each other. The plunger axially slidable in a bush disposed between the handle and the flush valve. The bushing having a passage for receiving the plunger. The plunger having a first and a second axis along which the plunger may travel through the passage. Movement of the handle moves the plunger from first axis to the second axis wherein actuation of the flush valve by the plunger along the first axis results in a different flush volume than actuation along the second axis.

Abstract: A quick installation valve including a valve body consisting in one or more parts and in which a shutter is housed which is rotatable by a lever-like control element or similar, and is provided with an inlet end and an outlet end, wherein at least one of the valve ends is designed as an integrated quick coupling body and houses a quick coupling assembly for housing and tightly fastening a metal pipe or a plastic hose.

Abstract: A pipe connector includes a casing, a valve block mounted in the first end of the casing and movable between a close position and an open position and normally supported in the close position by a spring inside the casing, a locking block holder mounted in the second end of the casing and movable between a locking position and an unlocking position and normally supported in the locking position by a spring inside the casing, and locking blocks transversely mounted in the locking block holder and movable with the locking block holder along a tapered inside all portion of the casing to lock/unlock a pipe that is inserted into the locking block holder to move the valve block to the open position.

Abstract: The invention relates to magnetorheological materials comprising at least one non-magnetisable carrier medium and magnetisable particles contained therein, in addition a combination of magnetic and non-magnetic inorganic materials and/or composite particles thereof being contained.

Abstract: A method for the development or generation of pollution credits by the substitution of lower global warming potential (GWP) haloolefin compounds, preferably fluoroolefin compounds, for higher GWP compounds, such as perfluorocarbon compounds (PFC's), hydrofluorocarbon compounds (HFC's), chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's), hydrochlorofluorocarbon compounds (HCFC's), and the like, in compositions and processes employing or producing the higher GWP compounds, and receive allocation of pollution credits for such substitution.

Abstract: A method for the development or generation of pollution credits by the substitution of lower global warming potential (GWP) mixtures of halogenated hydrocarbons or mixtures of halogenated hydrocarbons with CO2 for fluorocarbons or fluorocarbon-containing compositions of higher GWP, such as for perfluorocarbon compounds (PFC's), hydrofluorocarbon compounds (HFC's), chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's), hydrochlorofluorocarbon compounds (HCFC's), and compositions thereof, in compositions and processes employing the higher GWP compounds, and receive allocation of pollution credits for such substitution.

Abstract: A heat transport medium transports heat transferred from a heat transfer surface 5, the medium comprising a single solvent and containing microparticles 1 of a predetermined substance, wherein the microparticle 1 comprises one or more atoms, structures 3 for protecting the microparticle 1 are arranged on the microparticle surface and, if the diameter of a solvent molecule 2 constituting the medium is a and the length from a functional group 3a of the structure 3, which adsorbs to the microparticle 1, is b, the diameter a and the length b are set to satisfy the relationship a?b.

Abstract: The present invention provides an aqueous composition useful for polishing silica and silicon nitride on a semiconductor wafer comprising by weight percent 0.01 to 5 carboxylic acid polymer, 0.02 to 6 abrasive, 0.01 to 10 polyvinylpyrrolidone, 0.005 to 5 cationic compound, 0.005 to 5 zwitterionic compound and balance water, wherein the polyvinylpyrrolidone has a average molecular weight between 100 grams/mole to 1,000,000 grams/mole.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of an electrode paste for alkaline storage batteries includes a first kneading step and a second kneading step. In the first kneading step, a first powder with an average particle size ranging between 0.1 ?m and 5 ?m and polysaccharide are kneaded. In the second kneading step, a first mixture prepared in the first kneading step and a second powder with an average particle size ranging between 8 ?m and 35 ?m are kneaded.

Abstract: Describes a composition comprising a mixture of calcium hypochlorite and hydrated magnesium sulfate having an average of from 3 to 5.5 moles of water of hydration per mole of magnesium sulfate. The amount of hydrated magnesium sulfate in the composition is such that the composition has at least a DOT Packing Group III vision 5.1 Classification.

Abstract: An article, such as a polymeric film, sachet, purge control pad, or label, includes a sulfur scavenger. In some embodiments, an oxygen scavenger is also included. A method includes providing an article, including a sulfur scavenger and an oxygen scavenger; and subjecting the article to a dosage of actinic radiation effective to trigger the oxygen scavenger. A method of reducing the sulfur content of a package containing a food product includes either (1) providing a film including a layer including a zinc ionomer, and a layer including an oxygen scavenger; packaging the food product in the film; and storing the package for at least 24 hours; or (2) providing the food product at a temperature of ?40° F.; providing a film including a layer including a sulfur scavenger; packaging the food product in the film; and storing the package for at least 24 hours.

Abstract: The phosphorescent compounds of the invention have a matrix with the general formula M2SiO4 wherein M represents an alkaline earth such as barium, strontium or calcium, and the matrix is doped with europium and co-doped with at least one other lanthanide such as praseodymium, samarium, dysprosium or holmium. In accordance with a method embodiment, the dopant compounds are introduced into the matrix in the form of fluorides by calcination in a reducing atmosphere. The invention may be applied in the field of horology.

Abstract: A Sr(Al,Mg)12O19:Ce,Pr phosphor is described wherein the phosphor has an increased sensitivity to excitation by 185 nm radiation compared to a Sr(Al,Mg)12O19:Ce phosphor. The Ce,Pr-coativated strontium magnesium aluminate phosphor emits ultraviolet (UV) radiation at about 306 nm in the UVB region. Suntan lamps made with this phosphor exhibit improved performance over lamps made with a commercial Sr(Al,Mg)12O19:Ce phosphor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a phosphor containing a nitrogen atom, a compound having a garnet structure and an activating agent. The activating agent is composed of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Mn.

Abstract: The adaptive temperature controller includes an ambient temperature sensor, a device for measuring resistance, an electrically-conductive material, a power supply, and a device for controlling power. In operation, the controller determines the resistance of material at or near ambient temperature. Based on such determination so long as voltage and power are known, the resistance of the material, and therefore its instant temperature is known. Additionally, the adaptive temperature controller determines the responsiveness of the electrically-conductive material to determine the predicted increase in temperature and rate of increase in temperature relative to increases in voltage, current or power. As a result the voltage or power may be instantly varied to produce near infinite control over material temperature.

Abstract: A method of making a transparent plastic article having controlled solar energy transmittance properties includes, in one embodiment, providing a fluid thermoplastic material, and adding from about 0.003 percent by weight to about 0.1 percent by weight of a perylene based dye to form a mixture. The perylene based die being capable of preferentially absorbing energy having wavelengths of about 700 nanometers (nm) to about 1100 nm. The method further includes cooling the mixture to form a transparent thermoplastic article with controlled solar energy transmittance properties.

Abstract: A method of making a transparent plastic article having controlled solar energy transmittance properties includes, in one embodiment, providing a fluid thermoplastic material, and adding from about 0.003 percent by weight to about 0.1 percent by weight of a blend of a perylene based dye and a nanoparticle hexabromide based IR absorber to form a mixture. The blend of perylene based die and nanoparticle hexabromide based IR absorber being capable of preferentially absorbing energy having wavelengths of about 700 nanometers (nm) to about 1100 nm, and the ratio of an amount of perylene based dye to the amount of nanoparticle hexaboride IR absorber comprising about 99:1 to about 1:99. The method further includes cooling the mixture to form a transparent thermoplastic article with controlled solar energy transmittance properties.

Abstract: The invention relates to mixtures composed of dialkylphosphinic esters and of further components, which comprise A) from 98 to 100% by weight of monocarboxy-functionalized dialkylphosphinic esters of the formula (I) in which R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, and R7 are identical or different and, independently of one another, are H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, and/or phenyl, Y is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, 3-hydroxybutyl, 2-hydroxybutyl, and/or 6-hydroxyhexyl, allyl, and/or glycerol, X is H, Li, Na, K or NH4, or X is defined as for Y, and then X and Y are two identical radicals or two different radicals of the above organic radicals, and B) from 0 to 2% by weight of halogens, where the entirety of the components always amounts to 100% by weight.

Abstract: A motorized gearbox having a drive shaft is provided. The motorized gearbox provides input power to rotate the drive shaft. The drive shaft is inserted into a jack housing. Rotation of the drive shaft raises or lowers the jack housing. The integrated drive shaft is capable of replacing a hand crank and an input shaft of a mechanically operated jack to convert the mechanically operated jack to a motorized jack.

Abstract: A spa cover lifter for use with a spa cover. According to various embodiments, the spa cover comprises a first section and a second section pivotably connected to the first section at a hinge interface. The spa cover lifter comprises a drive system, a first cable connected to the drive system, and a post assembly. The post assembly is extendable from a retracted position to an extended position. Also, the first cable is routed by the post assembly. In various embodiments, the spa cover lifter is configured to connect to the spa cover.

Abstract: This is a portable winching device to facilitate the delivery of spas and hot tubs (or other bulky heavy items) quickly and safely onto high decks or platforms. The hoisting device consists of a frame with a pivot shaft made preferably of steel or other strong stiff material. Attached to the arm in this case is a conventional winch containing in this case steel aircraft cable of suitable strength to handle the load. Any suitable winch, come-a-long, electric hoist etc. could also be used that is capable of sustaining the weight. The frame also has attached two wheels for mobility. The base frame is temporarily attached to a deck or a structure via four (4) ratchet straps encircling the joist or main supports of the deck base. This provides a very stable lock down of the frame. The pivot shaft is attached to a chain that is attached to the rear of the base frame at two points. When a load is placed on the unit, the chain will support the pivot shaft.

Abstract: A jacking system mounted to a vehicle for selectively lifting up a portion of the vehicle relative to a ground, the jacking system includes two pairs of hydraulic jacks mounted to the vehicle, a hydraulic power assembly coupled in communication with the hydraulic jacks for providing a hydraulic fluid under pressure to selectively actuate the hydraulic jacks, and a control unit for activating a valve arrangement so as to selective shift each of the hydraulic jacks between a storage position and a load position, wherein at the load position, the fluid is pumped into hydraulic jack for lifting the vehicle, and at the storage position, the fluid is pumped into the hydraulic jacks from a reversing direction forcing the jack disengaged with the ground.

Abstract: A fencing device has at least one first fence and at least one second fence adjacent to the first fence, and at least one positioning device. The first fence has an upper block and a lower block respectively formed at an upper end and a lower end thereof, an upper ear and a lower ear. The upper ear has multiple first skewed surfaces, and each positioning device has a seat having multiple second skewed surfaces. With the interconnection of the first skewed surfaces and the second skewed surfaces, the present invention can be folded or unfolded conveniently.

Abstract: A system for mounting a hollow post about a pipe features upper and lower mounting devices vertically spaced along the pipe. The lower mounting device is slidable along the pipe to define a height at which the hollow post sits atop a base of the lower mounting device. The lower mounting device is mountable on the pipe to allow control over the post height with minimal ground surface preparation. The upper mounting device features two members that are engagable in a number of different relative positions to allow relative positioning of the pipe and post, to each of which a respective one of the two members is engaged. Engagement of the members to separate ones of the post and pipe allows adjustment of the post's position relative to the pipe after installation without removal of the post for access to the upper mounting device.

Abstract: An offset fencepost system including an offset bracket configured to enable an upper fencepost to be offset relative to a lower fencepost as the upper fencepost extends from the ground. In particular, the offset bracket may be configured such that a lower fencepost may be buried in the ground and terminate near the ground surface. An upper fencepost may extend upward from the ground surface and be supported by the lower fencepost offset from the upper fencepost. The upper fencepost may be positioned such that a longitudinal axis of the upper fencepost is offset relative to a longitudinal axis of the lower fencepost while the longitudinal axes remain generally parallel to each other.