Abstract: An electric rotating machine comprises: a stator; a rotor that includes a rotary shaft, and rotates coaxially with the stator; a bracket supporting and fixing the stator, and supporting rotatably the rotary shaft; a rotational position detector disposed on the side opposite to the load of the rotary shaft to detect a rotational position of the rotor; and a power part including a switching element disposed on the outer circumferential side of the rotational position detector. A shield member is disposed at the rotational position detector to cover the circumference and shield a magnetic field generated by the switching element.

Abstract: An electric motor, comprising a shell for a rotor, which is closed by a cover provided with a hole for the passage of a motor shaft; the cover accommodates and supports sliding contact brushes for a commutator for supplying power to the rotor, a sensor for detecting the rotation rate of the rotor, and connections for signal transmission and power supply of the sensor. The sensor and its connections for the transmission of its signals and for supplying it with power are accommodated in a receptacle, which in turn is then inserted in a complementarily shaped seat in the cover.

Abstract: It is possible to provide a brush-less type rotation detector shielding structure capable of reducing the interference of magnetic flux leaking from a rotation transformer to a stator iron core and rotor iron core and suppressing lowering of the angle detection accuracy. As shown in FIG. 1, the shielding structure is used for a brush-less type rotation detector including: a rotation transformer having a rotor transformer (3) and stator transformer (4); a signal modulation section having a stator iron core (2) and a rotor iron core (1); and a case (5) for containing them. The shielding structure has a main configuration having a stator magnetic shielding section (44) capable of magnetically shielding between the stator iron core (2) constituting the signal modulation section and the stator transformer (4).

Abstract: A motor including a rotor having a rotor shaft and a permanent magnet fixed to an end part of the rotor shaft, a stator disposed around the rotor, a bearing for supporting the end part of the rotor shaft, a bearing holder which holds the bearing movably in an axial direction, and a pressurization member which is disposed on an outer side in the axial direction of the bearing holder for urging the bearing to the rotor shaft side. The permanent magnet is provided with a recessed part which is capable of accommodating the bearing and the bearing holder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of stator windings of an induction machine to provide both rotation of the rotor and active rotor positioning within the stator frame by modification of the magnetizing current component in the D-Q plane of the rotor applied transformed to the AC waveform current of the stator windings according to an X-Y direction describing a rotor repositioning requirement.

Abstract: Lacking a physical axis of rotation, this all-in-one electric generator/turbine requires less kinetic energy, substantially fewer parts, and less space in the power plant than traditional designs. The turbine is embedded within the rotor, each sharing a common axis of rotation. This design eliminates the connecting shaft between the turbine and generator, and as a result, reduces the overall weight and size of the turbine/generator. Power plants will be able to install more generators in the same amount of space. The reduced weight of the turbine/generator permits the generator's rotors to operate at a greater number of revolutions per minute. More generators operating at higher rates of rotation will significantly increase the electric power generated. Also disclosed is a means of converting low head dams and reservoirs into hydroelectric electric power plants.

Abstract: A power generating system includes a torque converter system receiving a rotational motion having a first torque from a source and producing a rotational output having a second torque different from the first torque, a transfer system having a first portion coupled to the rotational output of the torque converter system and a second portion magnetically coupled to the first portion, and a generator system coupled to the transfer system to produce and electrical output.

Abstract: An automatic motor-generator charger includes a motor generator and a circuit unit. The motor generator and the circuit unit are integrated with each other in a case. The motor-generator operates by receiving electric power from a battery, which is charged in accordance with the electricity generating operation of the motor-generator. The circuit unit includes a relay for selectively supplying electric power of the battery to a motor winding of the motor-generator, a charging unit for charging the battery by using a voltage applied from generator windings, a low voltage detecting unit for detecting a low voltage of the battery, a charging display LED for displaying a charging state, and a control unit for, in accordance with an input from the low voltage detecting unit, controlling the relay and charging unit, turning on and off the charging display LED during charging, and displaying an operating state on the display unit.

Abstract: A hybrid induction motor includes a motor casing; a rotational shaft rotatably coupled with the motor casing; an induction rotor rotated by being integrally coupled with the rotational shaft and having a rotor core and a conductor bar inserted in the rotor core; a stator having a hollow into which the induction rotor is inserted and installed with a certain length in a direction of the rotational shaft; a first magnetic rotor inserted between the stator and the induction rotor and coupled with the rotational shaft so as to be freely rotatable; a second magnetic rotor inserted between the stator and the induction rotor so as to be symmetrical with the first magnetic rotor and coupled with the rotational shaft so as to be freely rotatable; and a magnetic spacer inserted between the first and second magnetic rotors.

Abstract: In a transverse flux machine, the rotor has multiple permanent magnet rings that are arranged axially in proximity to one another. The stator surrounds the rotor concentrically in at least some sections, forming an air gap. The stator has multiple stator coils oriented coaxially with the permanent magnet rings and the stator coil has two terminals. An active reactive power source to be controlled has two terminals for each stator coil, the respective stator coil being connected to each. In the event of a fault incident in one of the stator coils, a monitoring arrangement supplies triggering signals for the active reactive power source so that the two terminals of the respective stator coil are interconnected with a low resistance.

Abstract: A direct drive motor for a washing machine and method of manufacturing the same are disclosed, by which a direct drive motor convenient for use can be provided in a manner of reducing a cogging torque, noise and vibration considerably using a permanent magnet having sine waveform magnetization. The present invention includes a stator having a winding part having a coil wound thereon, a rotor frame including a sidewall part and a rear wall part, the rotor frame connected to a washing shaft to directly drive a drum, and a permanent magnet provided to an inner surface of the sidewall part of the rotor frame, the permanent magnet formed of a resin to have a plurality of magnetic poles alternate in a circumferential direction in a sine wave pattern substantially.

Abstract: A motor includes a stator which generates a rotating magnetic field, and a rotor. The rotor includes a plurality of permanent magnets and a hysteresis band disposed on an outer periphery of the rotor.

Abstract: A motor/generator is basically provided with a stator, a first rotor member and a magnetic resistance changing mechanism. The stator has a plurality of coils configured and arranged to be energized with a composite electrical current to form first and second magnetic fields. The first rotor member is configured and arranged to be rotated with respect to the stator using the first magnetic field. The magnetic resistance changing mechanism is configured and arranged to change a magnetic resistance between the stator and the first rotor member using the second magnetic field.

Abstract: A stator for an electrical machine, in particular a rotary current generator, is proposed, in which the stator (36) is made by the flat-packet technique and comprises at least one stator iron (10) and a stator winding (30), and the stator iron (10) has a substantially annular-cylindrical shape, and the stator iron (10) has an axial direction (a) which is oriented in the direction of a cylinder axis, and the stator iron (10) has an end face, oriented in the direction of the cylinder axis and defining a slot area (ANut), and a ratio (A) formed of the slot area (ANut) and the end face area amounts to between 0.4 and 0.8.

Abstract: A compacted magnetic powder metal component stator for use in an electrical machine is provided. Each stator is comprised of a plurality of stator core assemblies. Each stator core assembly forms an arcuate section of the stator core itself. Each stator core assembly is comprised of an inner shoe component, with winding guides supporting a winding, and at least one back piece and two end caps fitted to the winding on the outer radial edge of the stator assembly.

Abstract: An electric machine including armature equipped with armature slots for accommodating armature coils, a commutator equipped with commutator segments, and a first and second hammer brush that each rest against the commutator in sliding fashion by means of a spring lever, in which at least one armature coil is comprised of two partial coils that are situated symmetrically to each other in relation to the rotation axis of the armature and the partial coils are connected to two adjacent commutator segments of the commutator.

Abstract: A drive circuit (18) senses a parameter of a piezoelectric actuator (14) operating in a device (10) and adjusts a drive signal of the piezoelectric actuator in accordance with the parameter. The drive circuit comprises a controller (100) which controls a drive signal applied to the piezoelectric actuator (14); a feedback monitor (122) which obtains a feedback signal from the piezoelectric actuator while the piezoelectric actuator works; and, a processor (116) which uses the feedback signal to determine the parameter of the piezoelectric actuator. In one example mode, the parameter of the piezoelectric actuator which is determined by the piezoelectric actuator drive circuit is the capacitance or dielectric constant of the piezoelectric actuator. In other example modes, the parameter of the piezoelectric actuator which is determined by the piezoelectric actuator drive circuit is impedance or resonant frequency of the piezoelectric actuator.

Abstract: An ultrasonic wave oscillator is configured in a manner that an acoustic matching member is formed on the ultrasonic wave emission side of an electromechanical transducer element, a backing material is fixed with adhesive on the other side thereof, and the electromechanical transducer element is fixed by connection members pressing it respectively from opposite directions.

Abstract: A film-forming nozzle is moved so that a boundary portion of a plurality of areas on which a piezoelectric material layer is formed by a film-forming nozzle moving relative to a vibration plate is positioned outside deformable portions of the vibration plate and overlaps with restricted portions. This reduces stress concentration on a portion of the piezoelectric layer corresponding to the boundary portion of the deposition areas, and therefore, damage of the piezoelectric material layer is prevented.

Abstract: An ultrasonic transducer device for a humidifier, the humidifier having a vaporizing chamber for producing water vapor or mist, the ultrasonic transducer device comprises: a transducer holder having a central opening formed in a longitudinal direction of the transducer holder and a flange portion disposed at a periphery of the transducer holder, the transducer formed of synthetic resin or plastic materials; an ultrasonic transducer disposed at the central opening of the transducer holder; a support member formed of metal and having an upper planar section and a side section extending vertically from the upper planar section, the upper planar section defining an opening therein for coupling with the flange portion of the transducer holder; and a heat discharge plate having heat discharging fins and coupled with the support member, the heat discharge plate coupled with a circuit board for discharging heat in the circuit board.

Abstract: There is disclosed a piezoelectric/electrostrictive device which exhibits an excellent piezoelectric characteristic and which has an only small dependence on a temperature so that the piezoelectric characteristic does not easily change with the temperature. A piezoelectric/electrostrictive device includes a piezoelectric/electrostrictive portion made of a piezoelectric ceramic, and electrodes electrically connected to the piezoelectric/electrostrictive portion. The piezoelectric ceramic can reversibly transit to a tetragonal phase and an orthorhombic phase at a phase transition point as a boundary, and the piezoelectric/electrostrictive portion is formed by a polarization treatment performed on conditions that a treatment temperature ranges from a temperature which exceeds the phase transition point of the piezoelectric ceramic to a temperature which is 50° C. higher than the temperature.

Abstract: A piezoelectric film laminate includes a lithium tantalate substrate, and a lead zirconate titanate niobate layer formed above the lithium tantalate substrate.

Abstract: A polymer actuator comprising a conductive composite 2 comprising a conductive polymer layer 2b and an extendable substrate 2a, an ion donor 7, work electrodes 5a, 5b, and a counter electrode 6; (a) the conductive composite 2 being formed by impregnating the extendable substrate 2a with one of a conductive-polymer-forming monomer and an oxidation polymerization catalyst and then with the other to polymerize the monomer, and (b) the conductive composite 2 being contractible and/or expandable by voltage applied between the work electrodes 5a, 5b and the counter electrode 6, and its production method.

Abstract: A droplet discharging head includes a diaphragm, a fixing plate, and a piezoelectric element. The piezoelectric element includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a piezoelectric body layer interposed between the first and second electrodes, a first internal electrode extending from the first electrode between the first and second electrodes, and a second internal electrode extending from the second electrode between the first and second electrodes. At least a part of a first end face of the piezoelectric element is in contact with the diaphragm. The first end face includes a first end of the first electrode, a first end of the second electrode, and a first end of the piezoelectric body layer. At least a part of a second end face of the piezoelectric element is in contact with the fixing plate. The second end face includes a second end of the first electrode and a second end of the piezoelectric body layer.

Abstract: A multilayer piezoelectric element has a plurality of piezoelectric layers and a plurality of internal electrodes stacked alternately. The piezoelectric layers contain an oxide containing an alkali metal element and niobium or bismuth. The internal electrodes are formed of a base metal that is preferably copper or copper alloy. The oxide contains niobium and an alkali metal element that preferably includes sodium, potassium and lithium. Otherwise, the oxide contains bismuth and an alkali metal element that preferably includes sodium or potassium.

Abstract: A piezoelectric actuator comprising a stack of piezoelectric layers formed from a piezoelectric material, a plurality of internal electrodes disposed throughout the stack to define active regions of the piezoelectric material therebetween which are responsive to a voltage applied across two or more groups of the internal electrodes in use, an insulating arrangement which at least partially covers at least one surface of the stack to define a piezoelectric/insulator interface, and two or more side electrodes to connect with the two or more groups of the internal electrodes.

Abstract: A cabinet, having a cabinet-section assembly including a circuit of four, interconnected, square cabinet sections arranged around a central pole. The cabinet sections are suspended from a hub that is free to rotate atop the central pole. The suspension system biases the cabinet-section assembly toward either an open configuration, exposing open sides of the cabinet sections, or a closed configuration from intermediate configurations. A stabilizing bracket provides lateral support to the suspended cabinet-section assembly.

Abstract: A station for transporting organized medical supplies and dispensing such supplies is disclosed. In the dispensing configuration, the supplies located in the station can be easily accessed without the need to touch or otherwise manipulate the station. This touch-free access aids to prevent the transmission of pathogens. An upper panel with a number of compartments for medical supplies is connected to the station body to facilitate such touch-free access. The upper panel also supports a touch-free dispenser for hand sanitizer. The station can also be configured easily to a more compact configuration for transport. For example, the dispensing panel is moved from an upright dispensing position to a lowered horizontal position for transportation. Caster assemblies supporting the station enhance mobility for transportation.

Abstract: A desk has double desk-plates and one of the desk-plate capable of being lengthening and shortening to adjust positions thereof. The desk has a larger main desk plate and a secondary desk plate smaller than the main desk plate. An overlapping three-dimensional space exists between the main desk plate the secondary desk plate. Besides, the main desk plate can be pulled out and overlaps the secondary desk plate. Not only a total area for arranging objects of the desk plate of the desk increases, but also the heights of objects arranged on the desk plates are not limited strictly. The desk also has a leg assembly for supporting the main desk plate, a removable shelf connecting to a bottom of the main desk plate, a fixing shelf for connecting the removable shelf and the leg assembly, a supporting stand for connection the secondary desk plate to the fixing shelf. The desk assembled by these components has spaces on the desk plate capable being used flexibly and adequately.

Abstract: A freestanding piece of residential furniture includes a household work surface and storage for household items, a compartment having a height, width, and depth to hold an open-top household recycle bin oriented to receive household trash through the top of the bin, and a movable panel to provide access to the compartment to enable a user to place and remove the bins into and from the compartment and to load trash into the bin.

Abstract: A modular refrigeration and/or freezer appliance comprising at least one U-shaped module (16) which can be fitted to other modules to define, together with closure walls and at least one frontal door, a thermally insulated compartment, said U-shaped module (16) being installable vertically, there being provided, in correspondence with said closure walls (40, 41), reversible connection means (6a, 6b, 30) between the U-shaped modules (16) or between said U-shaped module and other modular components (2) of the refrigeration appliance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a refrigerator and/or freezer with an appliance body and a door for closing an opening of the appliance body, wherein a pivot bearing is provided which pivotably supports the door relative to the appliance body about a pivot axis. According to the invention, the refrigerator and/or freezer is characterized in that the door relative to the pivot axis and/or the pivot axis relative to the appliance body are movably mounted in the direction perpendicular to the pivot axis.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a refrigerator body; a refrigerator door coupled to the refrigerator body so as to be opened and closed; and a gasket mounted on either the door or the body. The gasket has a magnet therein so as to hold the door closed against the refrigerator body. The gasket has at least one shielding portion that extends from an edge of the gasket. The sealing portion is configured to be elastically deformed when the refrigerator door is closed, which enhances the sealing action of the gasket. As a result, even if the magnet has a weak magnetic force due to age or the sealing surface is no longer flat, a sealing force is reinforced by the shielding portion. Accordingly, cool air inside the refrigerator is prevented from leaking out, and external warm air is prevented from being introduced into the refrigerator.

Abstract: A display device is provided which is capable of inhibiting a localized elevation in the temperature of a casing thereby uniformalizing the surface temperature distribution over the casing. A display device (10) includes: a display panel (11) having surface arrays of plural pixels for displaying an image by light radiation control on a pixel to pixel basis; an electronic component (16a to 16f) forming a control circuit configured to perform the light radiation control; a casing (120) housing the display panel (11) and the electronic component (16a to 16f) therein; and a flat heat-conductive sheet (140) interposed between the display panel (11) and the casing (120) and between the electronic component (16a to 16f) and the casing (120).

Abstract: Illumination assemblies include a substrate having a first and second electrically conductive layer separated by an electrically insulating layer. The insulating layer includes a polymer material loaded with thermally conductive particles. At least a portion of the thermally conductive particles simultaneously contact both the first and second electrically conductive layers. A plurality of light sources such as LEDs or other miniature light sources are preferably disposed on the first conductive layer.

Abstract: A spark plug 100 comprised of a metal shell 1, an insulator 2, a center electrode 3 and a ground electrode 4. A rear-end face of the ground electrode 4 is welded to a front-end face of the metal shell 1, and a bent portion 5 located at the intermediated position in the longitudinal direction is bent toward the center of the spark plug 100. The ground electrode 4 assumes a circular-shape with a diameter of 2 mm or less whereby an inflow of an air-fuel mixture is not disturbed even when the air-fuel mixture directly flows into a back face of the ground electrode 4. The ground electrode 4 is comprised of an outer layer 4A made of a nickel alloy and an inner layer 4B made of pure copper with an excellent thermal conductivity, in which a ratio of a cross-sectional area of the inner layer 4B to the entire cross-sectional area of the ground electrode 4 is 10% or more to 35% or less.

Abstract: A spark plug for an internal combustion engine and related manufacturing method are disclosed having a metal shell, a porcelain insulator, a center electrode and a ground electrode. The center electrode includes a substantially columnar shaped base material body, and a substantially square shaped rod-like Ir alloy tip bonded to a leading end portion of the base material body. The leading end portion has a diameter D2 smaller than a diameter D1 of the base material body. The Ir alloy tip has a square shape with a long diagonal line supposed to form a diameter A of a circumscribed circle CA of the Ir alloy tip whose inscribed circle CB is coaxial with the circumscribed circle CA and has a diameter B, with four diameters A, B, D1 and D2 lay in the relationship expressed as D1>A>D2>B.

Abstract: A spark plug including: a center electrode as defined herein; a substantially cylindrical insulator as defined herein; a cylindrical metal shell as defined herein; and a ground electrode as defined herein, wherein a spark discharge gap is provided between the leading end portion of the center electrode and the leading end portion of the ground electrode, and the ground electrode has a bulging curved face on a side opposite to a side in which the center electrode is provided, and a maximum of width of the ground electrode within a range of ±1 mm from a center point of the spark discharge gap in the axial direction, as viewed in a direction where the center electrode and the ground electrode overlap, is 105% or less of a width of an ordinary portion having a substantially constant width.

Abstract: A spark plug is disclosed as having a metal shell, a porcelain insulator fixedly secured to the metal shell, a center electrode and a ground electrode providing a spark discharge gap with the center electrode. The porcelain insulator has a through-bore partially exposed from an end face of the ground electrode in a surface area S1, as viewed from a distal end of the spark plug, and having a total surface area S2 falling in the relationship S1/S2?0.3. The center electrode protrudes from the porcelain insulator with a protruding length L under the relationship L?0.6 mm. A minimal value Hmin and a maximal value Hmax in distance between the ground electrode and the end face of the porcelain insulator lies in the relationship Hmax/Hmin?1.3. Wall thickness T between the through-bore and an outer periphery of the porcelain insulator lies in the relationship T?0.7 mm.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide an image display using a thin film electronic source having a structure for separating picture elements in a self-alignment manner. The structure of bus wiring (scanning line) for powering the electronic source is formed by a stacked structure including a lower layer 17 made of an alloy of CrMo, an intermediate layer 18 made of Al or an alloy of Al, and an upper layer 19 made of Cr, from a cathode substrate 10. The CrMo alloy in the lower layer 17 includes 30 wt % or more of Mo. Such a stacked structure can be used to process one side of the lower layer 17 to form an undercut relative to the intermediate layer 18. The undercut serves as a picture element separating structure in sputtering of an upper electrode 13 of the electronic source and achieves picture element separation in a self-alignment manner.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device includes a substrate that is conductive at least on a first surface; a first insulating film located on the first surface of the substrate and including a portion of a first opening, a portion of a second opening, and a portion of a third opening; a semiconductor film located on the first insulating film and receiving a current from the first surface of the substrate via the portion of a first opening; a second insulating film located on the semiconductor film and in contact with the substrate via the portion of a second opening; a capacitance electrode located on the second insulating film; a gate electrode located on the second insulating film and overlapping the semiconductor film; an intermediate insulating film located on the gate electrode and capacitance electrode; a pixel electrode located on the intermediate insulating film and receiving a current via the semiconductor film; a light-emitting layer located on the pixel electrode; a common electrode located on the l

Abstract: The wavelength-converting casting composition is based on a transparent epoxy casting resin with a luminous substance admixed. The composition is used in an electroluminescent component having a body that emits ultraviolet, blue or green light. An inorganic luminous substance pigment powder with luminous substance pigments is dispersed in the transparent epoxy casting resin. The luminous substance is a powder of Ce-doped phosphors and the luminous substance pigments have particle sizes ?20 ?m and a mean grain diameter d50 ?5 ?m.

Abstract: A lamp electrode adapted to deliver mercury during an assembly process has a supporting electrical lead attached to the proximal end of a metallic shell. The proximal and a distal ends of the metallic shell each lie along a central axis. A container with a vitreous plug in a sealed end contains a substance for delivering mercury upon heating of the container. The sidewall of the container is attached to the electrical lead. The longitudinal axis of the container is skewed relative to the electrical lead to orient the container in a direction to reduce discharge of mercury directly toward the metallic shell. The container is heated to open it and discharge a mercury dose from the sealed end, which is prone to opening upon heating of the container.

Abstract: A simple method was needed for dividing up the electron emitter electrodes into individual supply electrodes. An insulator partition wall was formed on the same layer and parallel to the supply electrode for supplying power to the electron emitter electrode, an electron emitter electrodes formed across the entire surface of the image display area, a side surface of the partition wall was sliced, condensation and solubility diffusion performed by heat treatment, ablation performed by irradiating the upper surface of the silicon partition wall with a laser, Joule thermal sealing/cutting performed by conducting electricity across the scanning lines enclosing the silicon partition wall in order to slice the electron emitter electrode.

Abstract: An electron-emitting device comprises: (A) a first electrode; (B) an electron-emitting film which is provided on the first electrode; and (C) a second electrode which is provided above the electron-emitting film across a distance H from the electron-emitting film, and includes an opening which exposes at least a part of the electron-emitting film, wherein an area of the second electrode is at least four times larger than an area of the opening, and a ratio H/W of the distance H to a width W of the opening is not less than 0.07 but not more than 0.6.

Abstract: There is disclosed a current tank system comprising a first current tank adapted to produce a first current in a first direction; a second current tank adapted to rotate to produce a second current in a second direction; a sample adapted to be exposed to the first current and the second current.

Abstract: In a planar image display device which includes a plurality of signal lines on a glass substrate and is formed by cutting a wastage from the glass substrate and by simultaneously cutting end portions of the signal lines, at the time of dividing the wastage from the glass substrate, a separation trouble attributed to the presence of the signal lines can be eliminated. In the present invention, the cross-sectional area of a portion to be cut of a video signal line is set smaller than a cross-sectional area of other line portions of the video signal line.

Abstract: To provide a DC drive type inorganic light emitting device excellent in luminous efficiency, provided is a light emitting device, including: a substrate; and a first layer and a second layer laminated on the substrate, in which the second layer is formed of a first portion containing Zn and at least one element chosen from S and Se as its constituent elements; and a second portion containing at least one element chosen from Cu and Ag and at least one element chosen from S and Se as its constituent elements; the first layer is made of a light emitting layer formed of at least one element chosen from S and Se and of Zn; and, in the second layer, the second portion has a cross section parallel to the substrate which tapers toward the first layer.

Abstract: An emission layer of an organic light-emitting diode has a host and a dopant.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent display comprising a first organic electroluminescent device (10) wherein an optical distance between first (12) and second (14) reflecting members is set to select light of a first color, a second organic electroluminescent device (20) wherein an optical distance between first (12) and second (14) reflecting members is set to select light of a second color, and a third organic electroluminescent device (30) wherein an optical distance between first (12) and second (14) reflecting members is set to select light of a third color, the first reflecting member (12) having an average reflectance of 65% or more for light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm.