Abstract: Different types of position solutions may be used to determine the position of a mobile station (104) in a wireless communication system (101). The position solutions include terrestrial, or network (102, 103), based techniques and non-network, such as satellite (160), based techniques. An apparatus and method whereby different position solutions are selected based on a figure of merit of the different solutions in determining a position of a mobile remote unit (104).

Abstract: A marine port monitoring system including an inspection apparatus, either fixed or mobile, for intercepting cargo vessels entering the port. The system includes sensors placed in a shipping channel for examination of a hull of a passing vessel to detect externally mounted weapons or explosives. The inspection apparatus includes devices for removing cargo containers from vessels, non-intrusively inspecting the containers and isolating containers having suspect cargo. The apparatus includes explosive containment including a separable containment system for protecting the apparatus.

Abstract: An asset tracking and monitoring system and method using a local network within a single shipment enclosure. In one embodiment, the local network includes a tag reader that is operative to retrieve data from tags that are affixed to cargo items that are loaded into the single shipment enclosure. Data retrieved via the local network is provided to a mobile terminal that communicates with a service operations center via a satellite communication link.

Abstract: A system for detecting a key with key debounce including a circuit for detecting a key activation; a first counter coupled to the circuit and a clock for testing the key activation for a first predetermined number of clock cycles; a key debounce buffer for storing a key index identifying the activated key, if the key activation is valid for the first predetermined number of clock cycles; a second counter for testing the identified activated key for a first predetermined number of hardware key scan cycles; and a key event buffer for storing a key activation event, if the key activation is valid for the first predetermined number of hardware key scan cycles.

Abstract: An absolute position encoder for identifying which of a plurality of loci a moveable member occupies comprises a plurality of data tracks in which binary data is encoded to form a series of n-bit words, each of the plurality of loci being associated with one of the n-bit words. A plurality of the n-bit words is required to uniquely determine which of the loci the moveable member occupies. The absolute position encoder does not use a clock track to resolve the problem of asynchronous bit transitions.

Abstract: A process for distributed source coding (DSC) using context is presented. By forming contexts from prior coded bitplanes of both a reference and DSC coded peer, the DSC virtual channel is split into several virtual sub-channels of different characteristics. The selection of the sub-channel becomes side information that is known to the receiver. As a result, the DSC coding bitrate is reduced.

Abstract: The invention provides a sound-reproducing apparatus and a high frequency interpolation-processing method in each of which high frequency interpolation processing having a light burden imposed thereon can be executed. Compressed audio data is decoded by a decoder (202a) and the resulting audio signal is transmitted to a harmonizer (209a). Auxiliary information such as a sampling rate and a bit rate contained in the decoded audio signal is read out by a header reader (209b) and is transmitted to a harmonizer (209a). Communication of signals from/to respective portions is made through a bus (210). The harmonizer (209a) has a preset for an interpolation band obtained in accordance with a format and a sampling frequency of the compressed audio data, and executes processing by referring to file information transmitted thereto from the header reader (209b).

Abstract: An encoder and method of decoding includes a grouping module that groups an input signal into a plurality of blocks, wherein the plurality of blocks include a current block and at least one prior block, wherein each of the plurality of blocks includes at least N symbols, and wherein each of the N symbols has one of q symbol values, where N is a positive integer and q is an integer greater than two. The encoder further includes a counting module that counts occurrences of the q symbol values in the at least one prior block to generate a first count and occurrences of the q symbol values in the current block to generate a second count. The encoder also includes a permutation module that selectively permutes the current block based on the first and second counts.

Abstract: An integrated circuit package includes a processing core and an internal oscillator. The processing core operates on a set of instructions to carry out predefined processes. The internal oscillator provides a system clock for the integrated circuit package. The internal oscillator has associated therewith an internal control register for controlling the operation of the internal oscillator responsive to control bits of the internal oscillator controlled by the processing core.

Abstract: An improved method is provided for identifying a repeated codeword in an incoming bit stream.

Abstract: Periodically sampled digital data (e.g., digital audio data) are once stored in a work RAM and are then subjected to signal processing such as arithmetic operations using coefficients. A primary accumulator register stores results of arithmetic operations. A secondary accumulator register is specialized in handling a relatively high processing load (e.g., down-sampling) having a plurality of steps, which are distributed and appropriately assigned to a plurality of periods in response to output timings. In order to execute other processing in each period, intermediate results of arithmetic operations regarding the relatively high processing load are temporarily stored in the secondary accumulator register. The number of steps assigned to each period is appropriately changed in response to interruption of the other processing, whereas the relatively high processing load is given a first priority in comparison with the other processing.

Abstract: A system for calculating DC offset and achieving frame detection is described. In one embodiment, the present invention includes an electronic device with an integrated receiver module. The receiver module can take advantage of a known synchronization pattern such as the Bluetooth access code to determine an initial DC offset and to provide frame detection.

Abstract: It is intended to remove a risk of illegal high quality restoration while enabling trial viewing of contents such as music, to make it possible to reproduce contents with high quality by acquiring a relatively small amount of data, and to make it possible to implement hardware at a lower cost. To generate trial listening data containing dummy data, a pseudo random number R is generated first. A remainder r of R divided by 128 is calculated. The remainder r is coded and incorporated into high sound quality restoration data. A bandwidth limitation region of trial listening data is replaced by dummy data starting from its rth bit. As a result, the head position of the dummy data in the trial listening data varies frame by frame, whereby the safety of the trial listening data can be increased.

Abstract: The present invention provides a memory device including a serial-parallel conversion section that converts serial data into parallel data, a parallel-serial conversion section that converts parallel data into serial data, and a parallel-parallel conversion section that changes a bit width of the parallel data. This memory device connects one external terminal to the serial-parallel conversion section and another external terminal to the parallel-serial conversion section when access using a serial interface is performed. On the other hand, the memory device connects a plurality of external terminals to the parallel-parallel conversion section when access using a parallel interface is performed, thereby enabling the memory device to occasionally realize parallel transfer of data while using a conventional package.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for characterizing an amplifier transmitting a band limited signal using a sample of the input signal to the amplifier and a sample of the output signal from the amplifier, where the output signal is sub-sampled. The sub-sampling frequency is chosen such that images of the band limited signal do not overlap. The input signal and the output signal in a polar format are processed to determine characteristics such AM/AM and AM/PM conversion nonlinearities.

Abstract: A method for testing AD converters (10) may have the steps of a) producing a digital test signal, b) producing an analog test signal as input signal for the AD converter (10) from the digital test signal, c) producing a sinusoidal, digital reference signal whose frequency is equal to or an integer multiple of the frequency of the analog test signal, d) mixing the test response from the AD converter (10) with the sine and the cosine of the digital reference signal to form mixed signals, e) determining the DC components of the mixed signals, and f) determining at least one of the parameters including amplitude, power components and phase angle for a fundamental or harmonic of the test response from the DC components of the mixed signals.

Abstract: The invention concerns counting circuitry for providing a corrected count value based on the number of rising and falling edges of an input signal occurring during a reference time period, the counting circuitry including a counter arranged to provide a first count value based on one of the number of the rising edges of the input signal occurring during the reference time period, and the number of the falling edges of the input signal occurring during the reference time period; wherein the counting circuitry further includes adjustment circuitry arranged to generate a corrected count value by determining the state of the input signal at the start time and end time of the reference time period, and adjusting the first count value if the state of the input signal at the start of the reference time period is different from the state of the input signal at the end of the reference time period.

Abstract: The invention concerns a time-continuous delta-sigma analog-digital converter for the conversion of an analog input signal into a digital output signal, comprising an analog filter for the filtering of the analog input signal, a clocked operated quantiser, which contains at least one comparator (34) and which quantises the filtered analog signal outputted through the analog filter for the generation of the digital output signal, and a feedback arrangement with at least one digital-analog converter, which supplies to the analog filter at least one feedback signal on the basis of the digital output signal. According to the invention a calibration device (32) linked with the quantiser is stipulated, which is designed to determine at a predetermined point in time an offset error of the comparator (34) and subsequently to compensate for this (Itrim).

Abstract: One input terminals of switches respectively coupled to capacitors of a capacitance array type D/A converter configured as a main DAC are coupled to a first external terminal of an IC. On the other hand, a current switching type D/A converter of a resistance string type D/A converter configured as a sub DAC that causes a DC current to flow therethrough is coupled to a second external terminal of the IC.

Abstract: A digital/analog conversion circuit includes a plurality of capacitors, a voltage application section, a connection section, and a control section. The control section is operable to perform the charge sharing operation and to collect the charge supplied from the voltage application section. The control section sets, for at least M higher order ones of the digits of the binary code, the number of times by which the one capacitor takes part in the charge sharing operation within a series of operations before the charge supplied from the voltage application section by the voltage application operation is shared by the last charge sharing operation to twice the number of times by which the one capacitor takes part in the voltage application operation or the charge retaining operation, M being an integer equal to or greater than two.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a receiver, a digital-analog converter and a tuning circuit in which temperature compensating components can be formed on a semiconductor substrate while reducing component costs. An FM receiver 100 is constituted by including an antenna 1, a high frequency receiving circuit 2, a local oscillator 3, two digital-analog converters (DACs) 4, 6, a control section 8, a mixing circuit 9, an intermediate frequency amplification circuit 10, a detection circuit 11, a low frequency amplification circuit 12 and the speaker 13. The DACs 4, 6 have a predetermined temperature coefficient, of which output voltage is changed in accordance with ambient temperature. When a characteristic of VCO 31 is changed with variations of ambient temperature so as to cause a control voltage applied to the VCO 31 to be changed, output voltages of the DACs 4, 6 are also changed similarly.

Abstract: An integrated circuit memory cell and voltage ladder design that adapts techniques typically applied to Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) circuits to implement a compact array of analog Voltage Random Access Memory (VRAM) locations. The memory cells in the VRAM each store a digital value that controls a corresponding switch. The switch couple a particular voltage from a set of voltages generated by the ladder, to be output when that location is enabled. Multiple analog output voltages are provided by simply providing additional rows of cells.

Abstract: Processes and apparatuses for direct current (DC) offset cancellation using digital signal processing. Some embodiments of the invention are summarized in this section. In one embodiment, a circuit includes: an analog receiver; and a feedback circuit comprising a digital signal processor coupled with the analog receiver to generate a feedback signal to the analog receiver.

Abstract: A cyclic digital to analog converter (CDAC) includes: first and second capacitors C1 and C2; an arrangement of switches selectively controllable to connect C1 and C2 in one of at least two charging-and-sharing configurations, the first configuration having the first capacitor C1 as a charging capacitor CCH and the second capacitor C2 as a sharing capacitor CSH, namely CCH=C1 and CSH=C2, and the second configuration having CCH=C2 and CSH=C1; and a controller to toggle the arrangement of switches between the first and second configurations based upon adjacent bits of a given input word.

Abstract: An AD converter device is provided. In the AD converter device, a plurality of differential comparators operable to compare an analog signal with a slope like reference signal is arranged, and with reference to a comparison output of the plurality of the differential comparators, the analog signal is converted in direction of time base to measure time period, whereby a digital signal is obtained. The AD converter device includes a voltage applying module operable to apply a voltage signal in the same waveform as that of the reference signal alternately to a back gate terminal of differential pair transistors of the differential comparator.

Abstract: A hostile intention assessment system and method wherein a tracking sensor subsystem (e.g., radar) tracks targets relative to a critical asset. Determinations are made to assess if a first target is approaching a second target, and to assess if the second target is approaching the critical asset. If the first target is approaching the second target to hide in the radar shadow thereof and the second target is approaching sufficiently close to the critical asset, an alert is generated.

Abstract: Provided is a pulse radar system capable of measuring the distance to an obstacle with high accuracy irrespective of the distance to an obstacle by securing distance resolution with respect to a reflective wave from an obstacle at a short distance, and preventing a decline in S/N ratio with respect to a reflective wave from an obstacle at a long distance. A pulse radar system includes a transmitting circuit, a transmitting antenna, a receiving antenna, a receiving circuit, and a gain control circuit. The gain control circuit generates a gain control signal corresponding to the amplitude of the reception pulse obtained in response to a gain control transmission pulse wave transmitted from the transmitting circuit, and controls the gain of a reception pulse wave or a reception pulse obtained in response to a measurement transmission pulse wave transmitted from the transmitting circuit after the gain control transmission pulse wave.

Abstract: The invention relates to a radar system comprising an evaluation device (10) which determines the speed and/or the distance of at least one object to be located, on the basis of a spectral analysis of a measuring signal (h(t)) consisting of an emission signal and a reception signal (R(t)). According to the invention, means (12) are used to limit the emission time (?a on) of the emission signal (T(t)) in order to avoid aliasing effects.

Abstract: The invention relates to an elevation estimation method and a radar apparatus of the stacked beam type using it. For the accurate determination of the elevation of a object, use is made of interpolation on the basis of object strengths, measured in the different beams. Thus, an object of this invention is a method for estimating an object's elevation comprising: receptions and associated receiving processing of signal reflected by the object, a beam transformation of said processed received signals into a number of receiving antenna beams which are at least substantially identical in azimuth direction and distributed in elevation direction, an interpolation of the receiving antenna beams, which are provided with a mutual overlap, such as the object's elevation is deduced by standardization of set of strengths measured along the elevation direction distribution and comparison to pre-defined sets of strengths which have been associated with elevations, the comparison determining a best fitting set.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for signal detection is provided herein. During operation logic circuitry will determine if a de-sensing signal exists within any received signal and, if a de-sensing signal exists, then it will be assumed that a radar pattern exists where the de-sensing signal exists within the signal. Any received signal pattern is then correlated to known radar transmission pattern in order to determine whether or not a radar transmission pattern was received. If a known transmission pattern was received then logic circuitry will prevent further transmission.

Abstract: A marking tape comprising at least one resonant circuit, each resonant circuit comprising an inductive coil and a capacitor, forming a resonant circuit of a selected frequency, comprises inductive coils and capacitors formed by conductive material layers (2, 3, 4) on the surfaces of a dielectric plastic film (1) and is dimensioned to be wireless detected when positioned in a hidden location. Such marking tape can be produced with low cost and provide a wireless detection of the integrity of a marking tape in a hidden position, e.g. from the surface above a subterranean positioned marking tape.

Abstract: A GPS enabled Emergency Messaging System (GEMS) includes: Emergency Response Centers (ERC's) for defining emergency broadcast messages directed to specified geographic areas; a GPS Control Segment (CS) facility that receives messages generated by the ERC's and coordinates uplink and downlink communications with orbiting GPS satellites; a GPS Space Segment (SS) that includes the multiple orbiting GPS satellites and that receives emergency messages from the CS facility and broadcasts transmissions containing both GPS navigational information and an emergency broadcast message; and GEMS-enabled user equipment that is capable of receiving and processing broadcast emergency messages. The system permits emergency messaging data to be superimposed on the existing GPS signal structure and delivered to users with GPS receivers capable of receiving the superimposed messaging data.

Abstract: Described is a miniaturized satellite transceiver for communicating with a Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite and a communications satellite. The miniaturized satellite transceiver includes an integrated GPS receiver configured to receive communications from the GPS satellite, a satellite modem configured to transmit and receive communications from the communications satellite, and an operating system. The miniaturized satellite transceiver is installable in a hand-held device, a mobile satellite transceiver system, or an in-flight transceiver and locator system.

Abstract: A method applied in a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) for minimizing storage of correction data is disclosed. The method comprises: determining the receiver position and satellite positions; determining a intermediate point according to the receiver position and the satellite position; determining a current cell of the intermediate point; and storing the correction data sets related to the current cell.

Abstract: A method and system of the present disclosure allow for a more robust detection of GPS satellite ranging signals based on a simultaneous, all-in-view coherent PRN code signal processing scheme rather than acquisition of GPS signals one at a time. Additionally, the method and system may enable 10 dB or more improvement in signal-to-ratio (SNR) acquisition performance of the combined signals when compared to conventional acquisition approaches of acquiring GPS PRN code signals one at a time. The method and system also automatically enables removal of ranging errors common to both the user and base station and minimizes the introduction of multi-path errors into code phase measurements.

Abstract: A portable system for measuring and positioning a football on the playfield is revealed. The system measures ultrasonic sound wave propagation delay and relates it to yardage. It corrects for wind errors by sending ultrasonic waves in both directions on the playfield and measures the difference.

Abstract: Method of locating one or more transmitters on the basis of an array of sensors moving with respect to the transmitters comprising at least the following steps: determining the direction vectors âk corresponding to the response of the array of sensors to a source with incidence (?, ?) as a function of the incidence parameters ?, ?, and of the parameter p related to the distortion of the phases on the sensors, transforming this vector âk so as to eliminate the unknown parameter p, into a vector ?km, ??km, using the transformed vector to obtain the position of the transmitter using a maximized locating criterion.

Abstract: A high gain broadband planar antenna is provided for overcoming conventional antenna structure that cannot be applied to a high gain broadband. The antenna includes a microwave substrate having a first surface and a second surface, a first symmetric radiation unit having a first radiation part and a second radiation part disposed on the first surface, a second symmetric radiation unit having a third radiation part and a fourth radiation part disposed on the second surface, and at least one connecting unit connected to the microwave substrate and a reflector. An end terminal of each first radiation part, second radiation part, third radiation part and fourth radiation part adopts a step structure design. The planar antenna of the present invention can achieve a high gain broadband effect.

Abstract: Disclosed is an antenna device for transceiving a wireless signal. The antenna device includes an antenna element adapted to establish a radiation pattern during transceiving the wireless signal; an antenna signal feeding line coupling to the antenna element for feeding the wireless signals transceived by the antenna element; and at least one radiation pattern adjustment element arranged at an adjacent position with respect to the antenna element and within the established radiation pattern of the antenna element to adjust the radiation pattern of the antenna element.

Abstract: A device shell for use in a wireless communication device, is disclosed to have a shell body injection-molded from a compound material in a predetermined shape, and an antenna circuit formed in the shell body and electrically connectable to a circuit board in a wireless communication device in which the device shell is used.

Abstract: Disclosed is an antenna device having a substrate, an antenna element for transceiving a wireless signal, an antenna signal feeding line for feeding the wireless signal, and an ion-implanted resonant pattern, which includes a first coupling pattern implanted in the substrate by an Ion-implantation process and a second coupling pattern formed at a position corresponding to the first coupling pattern with a predetermined distance therebetween, formed at an adjacent position with respect to the antenna element. As the antenna element transceives the wireless signal of the predetermined radiation frequency and generates an induction voltage, the first coupling pattern and the second coupling pattern each generates a coupled induction voltage and a capacitance therebetween, hence forming a resonance with the antenna element.

Abstract: Disclosed is an antenna device for transceiving a wireless signal with an ion-implanted antenna pattern implanted inside a casing of an electronic device. The ion-implanted antenna pattern is connected to an antenna module of a motherboard of the electronic device in order to feed the wireless signal transceived by the ion-implanted antenna pattern, while the connection could be either by an antenna signal feeding line connected to the ion-implanted antenna pattern and the antenna module, or by an antenna coupling element coupled with the ion-implanted antenna pattern and connected to an antenna signal feeding line.

Abstract: An antenna structure is disposed on an electronic device comprising a housing and a control circuit disposed in the housing. The antenna structure comprises a film layer, and a patterned conductive layer disposed on the film layer and electrically connected to a control circuit of an electronic device to receive or send a signal, wherein the patterned conductive layer and the film layer are formed on a housing of the electronic device.

Abstract: A portable wireless device realizing high-speed transmission in downlink communication in a used state that a foldable portable wireless device is held in a hand of the user and ensuring a high antenna radiation efficiency. In the portable wireless device, platy conductors (1, 3, 4) are arranged in the longitudinal direction on the back of a display section (35) of an upper case (5). The signal of a transmission circuit (25) is distributed by a power distributor (18). One signal is fed to a platy conductor (1) through a phase shifter (17) and the other is fed to the platy conductor (3) or the platy conductor (4) from a high-frequency switch (19) through a transmission/reception duplexer (20) or a transmission/reception duplexer (21). The high-frequency switch (19) selectively feeds power to either the platy conductor (3) or the platy conductor (4) according to the signal from a gravity sensor (26).

Abstract: An antenna system includes a fractalized element that may be a ground counterpoise, a top-hat located load assembly, or a microstrip patch antenna having at least one element whose physical shape is at least partially defined as a first or higher iteration deterministic fractal. The resultant fractal element may rely upon an opening angle for performance, and is more compact than non-Euclidean ground counterpoise elements or the like. A vertical antenna system includes a vertical element that may also be a fractal, and a vertical antenna can include vertically spaced-apart fractal conductive and passive elements, and at least one fractal ground element. Various antenna configurations may be fabricated on opposite surfaces of a substrate, including a flexible substrate, and may be tuned by rotating elements relative to each other, and/or by varying the spaced-apart distance therebetween.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus for emission and/or reception of electromagnetic waves for aerodynes, characterised in that it comprises a blade antenna on the top of the fuselage of the aerodyne, a principal reflect-array arranged horizontally at the bottom of the blade antenna, a principal illumination horn arranged at the summit of the blade antenna, the horn illuminating the principal reflect-array, two secondary reflect-arrays arranged vertically on each side of the faces of the blade antenna, two secondary illumination horns arranged at the bottom of the blade antenna in the plane of the principal reflect-array, each horn illuminating one of the secondary reflect-arrays, each reflect-array reflecting waves emitted by the illumination horn illuminating it.

Abstract: In an antenna system, an antenna feeding substrate is connected by its conductor structures via field coupling to planar antenna radiating elements. A mounting part, able to be fixed in position against the antenna feeding substrate, is provided for the antenna radiating elements. The mounting part itself or a housing part able to be joined to it with form locking is used for the HF shielding of the antenna feeding substrate. The mounting part and/or housing part are structured in such a way that, viewed from the planar antenna radiating elements in the radiation direction, a wave guidance is achieved.

Abstract: An emblem-mark-attached car antenna includes an antenna sheet having a printed antenna for receiving wireless signals, and a car emblem mark having at least one rearward protruded rivet hole corresponding to a locating hole on the antenna sheet. When the rivet hole on the emblem mark is rearward extended through the locating hole on the antenna sheet into a predetermined position on a car body, the antenna sheet is pressed by the emblem mark against the car body to locate on an outer surface of the car. A signal transmission line is extended between the printed antenna and an in-car wireless device to transmit wireless signals.

Abstract: A patch antenna for receiving and/or transmitting circularly polarized RF signals includes a first radiating layer and a second radiating layer disposed substantially parallel to each other. Each radiating layer defines a pair of perturbation features. A ground plane layer is disposed underneath the radiating layers. The antenna also includes a feed line layer implemented as a coplanar wave guide and disposed between the radiating layers. The feed line layer allows for connection of a single transmission line to the antenna and for electromagnetically connecting the radiating layers to the transmission line. Dielectric layers separate the radiating layers, feed line layer, and ground plane layer.

Abstract: One embodiment of the invention relates to an antenna providing a tunable resonant frequency within a low frequency band and further providing a high resonant frequency, the antenna comprises a first radiating structure of a first effective electrical length, a second radiating structure of a second effective electrical length having a fractional integer relationship to a wavelength related to the high resonant frequency and a variable reactance element connecting the first and the second radiating structures, wherein varying a reactance of the variable reactance element tunes the antenna within the low frequency band.