Abstract: A pixel region between a common electrode and a pixel electrode is composed of a principal portion in which the direction of extension of the common electrode and the pixel electrode is parallel with the initial alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules, and a specific portion not parallel with the initial alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules. In the specific portion, the distal portion of the pixel electrode and the basal portion of the common electrode are mutually parallel and inclined by a prescribed angle with respect to the initial alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules. When voltage is applied across the common electrode and the pixel electrode to generate a horizontal electric field, the horizontal electric field will be perpendicular to the initial alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules within the principal portion that occupies a major part of a column, whereas the field will not be perpendicular within the specific portion.

Abstract: A pixel electrode connected to a signal line through a switching element and a common electrode connected to a common wiring are disposed, as alternating with each other, within each pixel region. Common potential lines are disposed on level below the signal line with an insulating film in between and also on both sides of the signal line when seen in plan view. A floating electrode is disposed on level above the signal line with a protective film in between, as overlapping the signal line and the common potential lines on both sides of the signal line.

Abstract: An exemplary liquid crystal display (LCD) (100) includes a liquid crystal panel (12) comprising a plurality of scanning lines; a light guide plate (10) under the liquid crystal panel; and a light source (13) adjacent to a side of the light guide plate. The light source has a plurality of light emitting diodes, which turn on or turn off according to the different system displaying mode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display having one or more pixels, each of which includes a first sub-pixel operating at a first threshold voltage, and a second sub-pixel neighboring the first sub-pixel, and operating at a second threshold voltage. The first sub-pixel is divided into two separate portions by the second sub-pixel to form at least four domains of liquid crystal molecules illuminating at various gray levels for improving viewing angle characteristics of the liquid crystal display.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel with a fanlike shaped conducting line design that provides uniform impedance is disclosed. The liquid crystal display panel comprises a plurality of transistors, a plurality of control ICs and a plurality of conducting lines. Each of the conducting lines comprises a respective width and a respective length. The width and length of the conducting lines increases towards the medial portion of the fanlike shape. The arrangement of the length and width makes the resistance and capacitance of the conducting lines uniform. As a result, the display panel achieves higher optical performance and improved quality.

Abstract: A display circuit for a display panel is disclosed. The display circuit comprises a circuit board, a flexible printed circuit board (FPC), and a driver. The circuit board has at least one test pad. The flexible printed circuit board is electrically connected and disposed between the circuit board and the display panel. The driver is disposed on the flexible printed circuit board and has at least one test pin. The at least one test pin is electrically connected to the at least one test pad.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel having a first substrate, a plurality of horizontal and vertical conductive lines, a second substrate, a main spacer, a compensation spacer and a liquid crystal layer is provided. The horizontal and vertical conductive lines are disposed on the first substrate and overlapped each other to form a plurality of first protrusions. The second substrate is disposed over the first substrate. The main spacer and the compensation spacer are disposed on the second substrate. The main spacer is in sliding contact with the first protrusions, and the compensation spacer is disposed around the main spacer. The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. When shift occurs between the first and the second substrates, the reduced contacting area between the main spacer and the first protrusion is equal to the increased contacting area between the compensation spacer and another first protrusion.

Abstract: An exemplary method for fabricating a liquid crystal panel includes: providing a first substrate (210); forming a plurality of color resin layers (212) and a black matrix (27) spacing the color resin layers on the first substrate; forming a plurality of compressible photo spacers (24) on the black matrix, the photo spacers comprising a plurality of photo spacers having a first length and a plurality of photo spacers having a second length different from the first length, wherein the first length and the second length are measured perpendicular to the first substrate; providing a second substrate; coating a sealant along an outer periphery of the second substrate, whereby the second substrate and the sealant cooperatively defining a space; dropping liquid crystal on the second substrate in the space; placing the first substrate onto the second substrate and pressing the first substrate; and curing the sealant.

Abstract: An exemplary liquid crystal panel (10) includes an upper substrate (12), a lower substrate (14) located opposite to the upper substrate, a liquid crystal layer (15) located between the upper substrate and the lower substrate, and a plurality of spacers (16). The lower substrate includes a plurality of thin film transistors (145) formed thereat. The spacers adjoin top portions of the thin film transistors and extend to the upper substrate respectively. The spacers are configured for absorbing light beams passing through the thin film transistors.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a substrate for liquid crystal display by means of which a generation of air bubbles in a liquid crystal layer after charging a liquid crystal can be prevented, and a liquid crystal display having a good display quality level can be obtained at a high yield, and to provide a liquid crystal display unit provided with such substrate for liquid crystal display. The present invention is directed to a substrate for liquid crystal display, comprising a projection for controlling alignments of liquid crystal molecules, wherein a slit is provided in the projection for controlling alignments of liquid crystal molecules.

Abstract: The present invention provides an imaging lens device, which has a widely extended focusing range and exhibits good resolution over the entire focusing range. The imaging lens device comprises a liquid crystal lens for focusing an object at a prescribed distance, comprising a liquid crystal layer, a first transparent substrate disposed adjacent to one surface of the liquid crystal layer and having a first electrode and having Fresnel lens surface formed on the boundary with the liquid crystal layer, a second transparent substrate disposed adjacent to the other surface of the liquid crystal layer and having a second electrode; a controller for changing the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer for extraordinary ray by changing electric voltage applied between the first electrode and the second electrode; and an imaging element for taking an image of the object.

Abstract: An eyeglasses assembly includes: a main lens unit provided with a first connecting piece; a pivot pin; a temple piece pivoted to the first connecting piece through the pivot pin; and a secondary lens unit overlapping the main lens unit and provided with a second connecting piece that is magnetically attracted to the pivot pin so as to be detachably attached to the first connecting piece.

Abstract: A frame for eyeglasses, comprising a front and two longitudinally elongated flexible elements, adapted to lockingly surround a corresponding lens. Each flexible element is rigidly coupled to the front at a first end and at the second opposite end by way of first and second fixing elements. At least one of the first and second fixing elements is formed by a terminal engagement portion which passes through the front from the bottom upward, passing through an opening which is provided internally with an extraction-prevention device for the terminal engagement portion. The terminal engagement portion protrudes upward from the opening of the front so as to allow a pulling operation for fixing the corresponding end to the front.

Abstract: A spectacle frame comprising a spectacle frame front, the spectacle frame front comprising a pair of spaced apart and opposed arms, each of the pair at least one of the arms having an outer end thereof remote from an upper portion of the spectacle frame front, the outer end of at least one arm of the pair of arms comprising a lens retainer integral therewith for gripping and retaining a lens between the pair of spaced apart and opposed arms.

Abstract: Spectacles are described which include a mounting and respective lenses and also strap interconnector for retaining the lenses on the mounting. The strap interconnector is capable of at least partially surrounding the lens and being secured to the mounting in order to retain the lens on the latter. The strap interconnector includes, for each lens, a single strap segment with at least two lengths of segment having a different cross-section. The profile of the section of one of the lengths is defined by a first and a second profile part. The first profile part is capable of being retained in a respective groove of the mounting. The second profile part of the section is capable of engaging a peripheral flute provided in the lens thickness. The profile of the cross-section of the other strap length has substantially the shape of the second profile part such that the corresponding strap length surrounds the lens, engaging the flute.

Abstract: Rimless spectacles and hinge pieces are disclosed, where the hinge pieces each include an abutment part having an abutment surface extending parallel to and in substantial abutment with a side surface of the respective lens and at least two corresponding pins, that are fastened to the abutment part and extend into corresponding holding holes of the lenses. The pins are rigidly connected to the inner side surfaces of the corresponding holes, so that the pins substantially are prevented from gaining an angular displacement relatively to the holes in the lens. The two pins form together with the abutment part a three-sided contact area between the hinge piece and the lens. A force or torque applied to the hinge piece is distributed over this contact area, since the construction substantially prevents any mutual movements or displacements between the hinge piece and the lens, and the stresses are consequently distributed and fatal stress concentrations leading to damages and fractures of the lens are avoided.

Abstract: A method is provided for manufacturing a resilient hinge device for connecting the arms to a front frame of a mounting for spectacles. The device includes first and second hinge members which are pivotable about a hinge axis, and a resilient return between the hinge members. The method includes the steps of providing a box-like body open at a first and a second end thereof, axially opposed to one another, a slider member having a part formed with an eye or hinge pin, and at least one resilient member, and retaining same in a seat provided on the slider; and inserting the slider into the box-like body from the opening of the first end of the box-like body, with the part of the slider having the eye protruding outside the body through the opening provided in the second, opposed end of the body, the resilient member being located by the box-like body at the second end.

Abstract: A double eyelid forming device for non-surgically generating a crease in the upper eyelids of a human comprising a pair of glasses, one string attached to each of the two upper rims of the glasses and running along the curvature of the upper rim, and two sets of beads, each set slidably threaded onto one string. When the device is worn by a human, each set of the beads presses against the corresponding upper eyelid of the human and lead to the formation of a double eyelid.

Abstract: A corneal reshaping by means of a soft contact lens to manipulate tear pressure gradient to produce a dimensional change to the surface profile of the cornea of the wearer to provide at least a temporary change in the refractive state of the eye eliminating the need for other refractive corrections. The contact lens has mechanical properties and/or a geometric shape such that when the lens is fitted to the eye the pressure applied to the eye via the lens will vary in a radial direction between at least one zone of higher pressure and at least one zone of lower pressure so that wearing the lens will over time cause a dimensional change to the surface layer of the cornea.

Abstract: This invention describes molds made from alicyclic co-polymers that are useful in the production of contact lenses and methods for their use.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to an ophthalmic system that performs effective blue blocking for an ophthalmic lens while at the same time providing a cosmetically attractive product, normal or acceptable color perception for a user, and a high level of transmitted light for good visual acuity.

Abstract: A spectacle lens is disclosed. The disclosed lens provides a vision correcting area for the correction of a wearer's refractive error. The viewing correction area provides correction for non-conventional refractive error to provide at least a part of the wearer's vision correction. The lens has a prescription based on a wave front analysis of the wearer's eye and the lens can further be modified to fit within an eyeglass frame.

Abstract: The invention provides lenses produced by the adding of two or more surfaces, in which lenses both the length of the corridor is shortened and the maximum unwanted astigmatism is reduced.

Abstract: A lens system and optical devices that provide enhanced vision correction are disclosed. The lens system includes an electro-active layer that provides correction of at least one higher order aberration. The higher order correction changes dynamically based on a user of the lens system's needs, such as a change by the user's gaze distance, pupil size, or changes in tear film following blinking, among others. Optical devices are also described that use these and other lens systems to provide correction of higher order aberrations. An optical guide is also described that guides the user's line of sight to see through a lens region having a correction for a higher order aberration.

Abstract: A method and device for treating the visual system of a human is provided. The method comprises situating the human in proximity to a computer-actuated light emitting array that has a set of individually actuable elements. A campimetric representation of the visual field is used to select a stimulus distribution. An actuable element subset is selected from the set of individually actuable elements based on the stimulus distribution. The subset of elements is actuated to emit a light stimulus that is directed to a specified region of the human's visual field. The stimulus distribution may be biased toward the central visual field or based on apportioning among specified zones. The distribution may also be based on a transition zone.

Abstract: There is provided a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor which can repetitively perform a measurement at high speed and at short measurement intervals. An illuminating optical system includes a first polarizing optical member to alternately change a polarization condition to a first polarized light or a second polarized light, and illuminates a pulse light from a laser light source part to an ocular fundus of a subject eye through a first polarizing optical member. A light receiving optical system includes a second polarizing optical member to select each polarized light component of the reflected light from the subject eye illuminated according to the polarization condition of the first polarizing optical member, and a first and a second light receiving parts to alternately receive the reflected light of the selected polarized light component.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods often by measuring characterize optical structures and systems, the standard refractive error and irregular aberrations. A retinal spot can propagate through optical tissues of an eye and can be directed to refractive correction optics for correcting standard refractive errors. The corrected image is then directed to wavefront analysis optics, which form a coarse pitch lenslet array pattern and a fine pitch lenslet array pattern. The coarse pitch pattern indicates the standard refractive error of the eye, and can be used to adjust the refractive correction optics. The fine pitch pattern is formed with the corrected retinal image, facilitating precise wavefront reconstruction, measurement of high order aberrations, and the like. The coarse pitch pattern and fine pitch pattern may be formed sequentially or simultaneously.

Abstract: A system for providing closed-caption text in a movie theater wherein the caption information is only visible to those patrons wishing to view the text, comprising a projector projecting a plurality of light applications onto a predetermined strip of light in a viewing area, encoding the caption text so that it will only be viewed within the predetermined strip of light in the viewing area and providing means for decoding the encoded text so that it will be viewed only by those patrons wishing to view the text.

Abstract: A high-luminance projection type image display apparatus is realized by improving a conventional polarization converter unit. Light-beam split means 21 for splitting light from a light source is arranged before a polarization converter unit 960 having a plurality of incidence surfaces, and the light coming from the polarization converter unit 960 enters a rod integrator 24.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for projecting a three dimensional image. A projection system may include a holding tank for storing a reservoir containing a projection medium and a projector including a plurality of valves for projecting the medium from the holding tank. The projection system may also include an illumination device for illuminating the projected medium and a receiving mechanism for receiving the projection medium after illumination. The projection system may also include imaging data computation apparatus for computing layered imaging data, communication and control tools for communicating the layered imaging data to the projector in order to control valves for dispersing the projection medium, and an illumination control unit that controls an illumination device for illuminated the dispersed medium.

Abstract: A projector capable of preventing a light tunnel from positional deviation is obtained. This projector comprises a rectangular light tunnel having a hollow light guide path capable of passing light therethrough for shaping the light with the light guide path, an optical component holding member provided with a holding portion holding the light tunnel and a light tunnel clip including a first pressing portion and a second pressing portion pressing first and second surfaces, adjacent to each other, of the light tunnel toward the holding portion of the optical component holding member for holding the light tunnel in a pressed state, while the first pressing portion and the second pressing portion press positions of the first and second surfaces of the light tunnel located substantially on the same line perpendicular to the traveling direction of the light respectively.

Abstract: A light projection system is provided for projecting an image comprising a matrix of light pixels having modulated luminance. The projection system includes a first imager and a second imager having corresponding matrices of pixels. A relay lens system projects the output matrix from the first imager onto the second imager so that the second imager modulates the matrix of modulated light pixels on a pixel by pixel basis. A projection lens system projects the second output matrix onto a screen for viewing. The first imager, the second imager, the relay lens system, and the projection lens system are configured to provide a speed of at least f/2.0.

Abstract: There is provided a projection apparatus in which a cover glass can be attached to a light source unit easily and with a low cost, and breaking or dropping-off of the cover glass when an impact is applied, and a short circuit or electric leak when the light source is damaged can be prevented. In a front case made of metal that covers a front of a lamp of the light source unit, and an insulating member having an insulating property, impact absorbing property and heat resistance that is attached to an inside of the front case, openings allowing light emitted from the lamp to exit are provided so as to be communicatively connected, and fitting portions into which the cover glass having an ultraviolet removing function is fitted are provided around the openings in opposed surfaces of both the members.

Abstract: A direction control plate is fitted near an exhaust aperture of a lamp unit, and a partition plate is fitted so as to surround the front and the bottom of the exhaust aperture. The direction control plate includes an upper plate, a side plate, and a lower plate, and is fitted so as to surround three sides of the periphery of the exhaust aperture (excluding the upstream side in the exhaust direction of a main fan) in the shape of a letter “U”. Furthermore, the side plate is provided so as somewhat to close the exhaust aperture, and so as to be inclined by an angle ? towards the wall of a case. If a lamp within the lamp unit should break, the direction of scattering of the broken pieces is controlled by this direction control plate, and it is possible to prevent these broken pieces from being scattered to the exterior of the device, since the broken pieces can be made to collide with the partition plate.

Abstract: A rear projection display apparatus includes a transmission type screen and a video projector. The transmission type screen is installed on the front face of an apparatus main body. The video projector is disposed inside the apparatus main body and projecting video on the transmission type screen from the rear side. The transmission type screen includes a quadrangular lens sheet and is configured such that a plurality of pull portions provided along horizontal and longitudinal sides of the lens sheet are pulled upward and downward, and leftward and rightward, respectively, by a pulling device provided to extend along the circumference of the lens sheet and the number of the pull portions on the horizontal sides of the lens sheet and the number of the pull portions on the vertical sides of the lens sheet are set so as to correspond to a ratio of a horizontal side length to a vertical side length of the lens sheet.

Abstract: Light emitted from a lamp enters a color wheel having a region for allowing a predetermined color to pass therethrough, is reflected on a mirror, and enters a DMD. After this, the light is reflected by the DMD and enters a color sensor, which then detects the color of the transmitting light. A projection apparatus automatically synchronizes the control on the rotation of the color wheel and the control on the proceeding direction of the transmitting light by the DMD, based on a color time-division pattern of the transmitting light detected by the color sensor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a projection module intended to project an image on a screen defining a specified projection plane. The module comprises: an objective, which itself comprises means for emitting an imaging beam; a curved mirror; and at least two deflection surfaces for deflecting the imaging beam, these surfaces being placed in the path of the imaging beam between the objective and the curved mirror. The invention also relates to an optical motor and to a corresponding projection system.

Abstract: A laser beam projector has a laser light source that outputs a laser beam, a light projecting mirror for reflecting the laser beam outputted from the laser light source, a mirror driving device for oscillating the light projecting mirror so as to scan a specified area with the laser beam and piezoelectric elements attached to a back surface of the light projecting mirror. As a voltage is applied to the piezoelectric elements, the curvature of the reflecting surface of the light projecting mirror can be changed and the visibility angle of the light beam projector can be varied.

Abstract: A projection apparatus for inexpensively adjusting the irradiating region of light on an image forming device to irradiate the light to the entire image forming surface of the image forming device is provided. The projector including a light tunnel for passing the light emitted from a lamp and changing the light to condensed uniform light, a mirror for reflecting the light passed through the light tunnel, a DMD for reflecting the light at an image forming surface irradiated with the light reflected by the mirror and forming an image, a lens for projecting the image formed with the DMD, and a frame for attaching these components of an image projection optical system; further includes a rotation adjustment fixing mechanism for fixing the light tunnel to the frame with the rotation angle having the axis of the light tunnel as substantially the center adjusted with an incident port of light of the light tunnel facing the lamp and an exit port facing the mirror.

Abstract: A test method for determining conducted radio frequency (RF) receiver sensitivity using an RF source coupled to an RF receiver by an RF cable may include determining a bit error rate (BER) versus traffic channel (TCH) power level function for an initial channel, determining an estimated TCH power level for a subsequent channel based upon the function and the desired BER, and measuring a BER of the subsequent channel based upon the estimated TCH power level. The measured BER may be compared to the desired BER, and a difference therebetween is used along with the function to determine a next estimated TCH power level. Measuring and comparing may be repeated if the difference may be greater than a threshold to thereby determine a TCH power level in the subsequent channel corresponding to the desired BER.

Abstract: A moveable member is provided which extends the top surface of a substrate table, in plan, beyond a bumper which protects the substrate table during collision. The moveable member may be retracted to a retracted position in which it no longer extends beyond the bumper. In this way it is possible to move two substrate tables together and to allow the retractable member to pass under a liquid supply system which normally provides liquid between the projection system and a substrate without turning off of the liquid supply system.

Abstract: An immersion lithographic projection apparatus is disclosed in which a shutter member is employed to block a liquid supply system during substrate swap to ensure that liquid remains in contact with anl element of the projection system during substrate swap. The shutter member is connected to a metrology frame which also supports the projection system. In this way the position of the shutter member is always known.

Abstract: An immersion lithographic apparatus provides an immersion liquid including photosensitive material(s) configured to form a patterned film on the surface of a substrate on exposure to a radiation beam. Irradiation through the immersion liquid onto a substrate leads to deposition of a film on the substrate. Film formation occurs only in the photoirradiated region, so that the film formed has a pattern corresponding to the pattern of the radiation.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus provided with an optical system that has one optical element to which at least two of three or more exposure lights are guided, and that is capable of irradiating three or more exposure lights onto exposure fields that respectively correspond to the exposure lights, with the exposure apparatus multiply exposing a predetermined field on a substrate with images of a plurality of patterns that are formed based on the three or more exposure lights that are respectively irradiated onto the three or more exposure fields.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus includes a plurality of projection optical systems, each of which has optical elements arranged in an optical path between a first surface and a second surface and forms a radiation pattern from the first surface onto an exposure field on the second surface via the optical elements. The apparatus also includes a movable portion disposed in the side of the second surface with respect to the plurality of projection optical systems, which holds an object to be moved relative to the exposure field in a first direction during a scanning exposure of the object with the radiation patterns. Each of the plurality of projection optical systems is telecentric on the side of the second surface, and the exposure fields are arranged at different positions in a second direction crossing the first direction.

Abstract: A lithographic projection apparatus includes a substrate table configured to hold a substrate, a projection system configured to project a patterned beam onto a target portion of the substrate, liquid being provided to a space between the projection system and the substrate, and a shutter configured to isolate the space from the substrate or a space to be occupied by a substrate. The shutter is separable from the remainder of the apparatus.

Abstract: An illumination system for a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus comprises a light source, a first optical unit having an exit pupil, an optical raster element positioned in or in close proximity to the exit pupil of the first optical unit and a field plane that is conjugated to the exit pupil of the first optical unit by Fourier transformation. The illumination system further comprises a second optical unit imaging the field plane into an image plane and having at its object side a homocentric entrance pupil that at least substantially coincides with the exit pupil of the first optical unit. This allows to dispense with a condenser lens that is usually required for conjugating the exit pupil to the field plane.

Abstract: Support device for positioning an optical element (2), in particular a lens, comprising a first frame unit (1.1) and a plurality of support units (1.2) for supporting said optical element (2), each of said support units (2) having a first end for fixedly engaging a part of said first frame unit (1.1) and a second end for supporting said optical element (2), said support units (1.2) being arranged for positioning said optical element (2) along a first direction, a second direction and a third direction in the manner of parallel kinematics, said first direction, said second direction and said third direction being translatory directions arranged mutually transverse to each other, wherein there are provided three support units (1.2) and wherein each of said support units (1.2) provides for restriction of a first degree of freedom and a second degree of freedom to support said optical element (2) in an isostatic manner.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus includes a projection optical system having a plurality of optical elements. A first space, which is disposed on a side of a lower surface of an optical element closest to an image plane of the projection optical system, is filled with a liquid. A second space, which is disposed on a side of an upper surface of the optical element and which is independent from the first space, is filled with a liquid. An exposure light beam is radiated onto a substrate through the liquid in the first space and the liquid in the second space to expose the substrate. An optical element, which is next closest to the image plane with respect to the optical element, is prevented from any pollution with the liquid.

Abstract: An energy sensor comprises a radiation-sensitive detector, a circuit, and an analog-to-digital converter. The radiation-sensitive detector is arranged to receive a pulsed radiation beam and to generate a current in response thereto. The circuit is equivalent to an RC network and is electrically connected across the radiation-sensitive detector. The analog-to-digital converter is electrically connected across a resistive component of the circuit and is arranged to output digital samples measuring the voltage across the resistive component at a sampling rate that is greater than the pulse repetition rate of the pulsed radiation beam. The energy sensor may be provided as part of a transmission image sensor.