Abstract: A method for generating a quantum-entangled photon pair is such that a biexciton in such a state that the angular momentum is 0 is generated through two-photon resonance induced by irradiating a semiconductor substance, e.g., CuCl, with two parent photons (angular frequency ?i). A photon pair is then generated by splitting the biexciton thus generated simultaneously into two photons (angular frequencies ?s and ?s?). Since the photon pair is generated by splitting such biexciton having an angular momentum of 0, it has a quantum entanglement with regard to polarization. Since the photon thus generated has a wavelength substantially equal to that of the parent photons, photons of shorter wavelength in a quantum entangled state can be generated.

Abstract: A light guide plate luminance-mixing structure includes a light guide plate containing a light input plane, a bottom crossing the light input plane, and a light output plane opposite to the bottom, and multiple point light sources being disposed in relation to one side of the light input plane; multiple luminance-mixing structures provided on the light guide plate being divided into two sets by a central line extending from the light input plane with both sets being different from each other to allow different volumes of light emitted from both sides of the central line with the volumes adjustable depending on the arrangement of point light sources to promote consistent luminance for effectively correcting the inconsistent distribution of luminance as found with the prior art

Abstract: A fiber laser includes in a resonator: a normal dispersion optical fiber; an anomalous dispersion optical fiber; a rare earth-doped optical fiber as a gain medium; and a mode locking mechanism, in which at least the rare earth-doped optical fiber is included as the normal dispersion optical fiber, and a length of the rare earth-doped optical fiber is set shorter than that of the anomalous dispersion optical fiber.

Abstract: Phase-sensitive amplification (PSA), which is produced by degenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) in a randomly-birefringent fiber, has the potential to improve the performance of optical communication systems. Scalar FWM, which is driven by parallel pumps, is impaired by the generation of pump-pump and pump-signal harmonics, which limit the level, and modify the phase sensitivity, of the signal gain. In contrast, vector FWM, which is driven by perpendicular pumps, is not impaired by the generation of harmonics. Vector FWM produces PSA with the classical properties of a one-mode squeezing transformation.

Abstract: There is provided a method and apparatus for improved efficiency in optical fiber lasers. Specifically, there is provided a system that increases the efficiency of cladding pumped optical fiber amplifiers through a seeding technique.

Abstract: An optical integrated device includes a plurality of input optical waveguides connected respectively to a plurality of input ports provided on one end face of the optical integrated device, a single output optical waveguide connected to an output port, an optical coupler for optically coupling signal lights propagated along the plural input optical waveguides to the single output optical waveguide, and a semiconductor optical amplifier gate array formed from a plurality of semiconductor optical amplifiers provided on the input optical waveguides, respectively, and each having an electrode on the surface thereof. The optical integrated device further includes a plurality of signal lines formed on the surface of the optical integrated device in such a manner as to extend from the electrodes to an end face of the optical integrated device on which none of the input ports and the output port is provided.

Abstract: An anti-reflection microstructure including: convex portions arranged at a pitch shorter than a wavelength of visible light, each of the convex portions having a conic shape defined by an apex, a lateral surface, and a base, wherein an intersecting line between the lateral surface and a plane which passes through the apex and is perpendicular to the base, is equivalent to a curve expressed by an nth-order linear formula in which 1<n?3.

Abstract: Microscope comprising microscope optics (25), a camera device (7) for recordal of images, captured by the microscope optics (25), of an object to be observed, and a display apparatus (12) which can be viewed by an observer for displaying the images taken by the camera device (7), wherein at least one area of the display apparatus (12) is constructed as a deflecting device (13) for deflecting light beams emitted by the object which is to be observed into the microscope optics (25).

Abstract: A method for adjusting a confocal microscope which includes a microscope unit and a confocal scanner unit of Nipkow disk type, emits a light beam for image measurement on a sample, images a returned fluorescent light of the light beam by a CCD (charge-coupled device) digital camera as a confocal image, and enables observation of the sample by the confocal image, the method includes matching a phase of rotation of the Nipkow disk with a phase of an exposure time of the CCD digital camera.

Abstract: Embodiments of an automated telescope system are operable in multiple modes, including alt-az and equatorial modes. The telescope system aligns and orients itself to the celestial coordinate system using, for example, data gained through tracking the drift of a celestial object. In various embodiments, an imager may be used to find and track celestial objects.

Abstract: Provided is an image providing apparatus having connecting member connecting a head set and optical housing capable of adjusting displacement of the optical housing in the vertical direction to the eyeball of the observer when adjusting the eye-relief of the optical housing to the eyeball of the observer. The ball joint has ball portions respectively on two ends thereof, on one of the ends (upper ends) is provided to the supporting member side capable of maintaining a posture thereof, and the ball portion on another ends (lower ends) is provided to the optical housing side for maintaining a posture thereof. The connecting member has a first member and a second member, the first member is connected to the second member so as to be movable and capable of maintaining a posture thereof.

Abstract: A screen synthesizing device includes: a display screen storing part for storing an image of a display screen; a layer reading control part for deciding whether or not a lower layer is transferred, deciding the validity and invalidity of a plurality of layers on the basis of a lower layer transfer deciding flag set by a decided result and parameters of a plurality of layers and controlling only valid layers to be read from a layer storing unit in accordance with the decision; and a synthesizing and calculating part for performing a synthesizing and calculating process only by the valid layers on the basis of a valid layer flag to update the image of the display screen stored in the display screen storing part.

Abstract: Embodiments of an optical device including at least two transparent layers are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of creating a projection screen includes forming on a substrate a set of reflective areas directed to a first set of angles and forming on the substrate a set of absorptive areas directed to other than the first set of angles.

Abstract: A projection screen for receiving projector light from a projector facing direction includes a substrate having a plurality of features. Each of the features includes a reflective surface oriented to the projector facing direction. Each of the reflective surfaces is curved in a first direction to provide a desired horizontal viewing angle, and is curved in a second direction to provide a desired vertical viewing angle.

Abstract: The winding projection screen comprises a support structure, a winding roller and a projection sheet wound on said roller. The support structure comprises a top horizontal support plane and a vertical engagement face for projecting engagement at a wall. In this way, the support structure for the winding screen itself becomes a furnishing element; it can for example be shaped like a shelf, or else be used as the lower part of a hanging cabinet piece.

Abstract: An apparatus for efficiently observing protein crystals for use in X-ray analysis is provided. This apparatus includes an ultra-compact proximity imaging unit and a three-dimensional observation adaptor (4) attached thereto. The imaging unit includes a CCD camera (2) and a lens system (3) and an illumination system in front of the CCD camera (2). The lens system (3) includes a variable or fixed magnification lens. The three-dimensional observation adaptor (4) has an optical-axis reflective surface (4c) disposed between the frontmost lens of the lens system (3) and a production container (100) containing protein crystals in the optical axis a of the lens system (3) and a revolving reflective surface (4d) disposed opposite the optical-axis reflective surface (4c) revolvably about the optical axis to three-dimensionally observe the crystals contained in the production container (100) in an oblique or lateral direction.

Abstract: In general, in one aspect, the invention features methods that include forming a roll of a first material into a substrate and forming a plurality of rows of a second material on the substrate, where the second material includes a metal, the rows of the second material extend along a first direction, the rows are spaced apart from one another, and adjacent rows are spaced apart by about 400 nm or less.

Abstract: A method, element and system are provide for efficiently, accurately and without significant contribution of noise, splitting a beam of radiation or combining beams of radiation. In one embodiment of the invention, a beamsplitter front surface partially reflects incident radiation and refracts the rest of the radiation. The refracted radiation is completely reflected at a back surface of the beamsplitter and is completely refracted producing a parallel beam without creating any stray radiation or optical noise. This is accomplished using a p-polarized input beam and a Brewster angle geometry.

Abstract: A polarizing layer is positioned between a surface and a window. The polarizing layer has a polarizing axis that is positioned to reduce visibility of the image reflected from the window.

Abstract: An optical element with a phase structure configured to provide a phase difference between a first polarization component of light and a second polarization component of the light which is orthogonal to the first polarization component, is provided, in which the phase structure includes a first fine periodic structure which includes plural first dielectric plates with a first thickness and a first refractive index which are periodically arranged in a first fine period and a second fine periodic structure which includes plural second dielectric plates with a second thickness and a second refractive index which are periodically arranged in a second fine period, wherein a refractive index of a medium between the plural first dielectric plates and a refractive index of a medium between the plural second dielectric plates are different from the first refractive index and the second refractive index, and at least one of, the first fine period and the second fine period, a ratio of the first thickness to the first f

Abstract: A method for attenuating an unpolarized laser beam includes separating the laser beam into two plane-polarized beams. The plane-polarized beams are polarization rotated. Each of the polarization-rotated beams is separated into two plane-polarized portions. One of the portions of one polarization-rotated beam is combined with one of the portions of the other polarization-rotated beam to provide an attenuated output-beam.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an optical system of an illumination device of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus, comprising at least one first light-conductance-increasing element having a plurality of diffractively or refractively beam-deflecting structures extending in a common first preferred direction the light-conductance-increasing element having an optically uniaxial crystal material in such a way that the optical crystal axis of the crystal material is substantially parallel or substantially perpendicular to the first preferred direction.

Abstract: An antireflection film comprising a transparent support, a hard coat layer and a low refractive index layer, wherein the low refractive index layer is formed with a composition containing a binder polymer, a polymerization initiator and an ethylenically unsaturated group-containing hardenable compound.

Abstract: It is an object to provide an antiglare film which is excellent in an antiglare function and a visual confirmation, a method of manufacturing the antiglare film, and a method of manufacturing a metal mold for obtaining the antiglare film, and the antiglare film is applied to an image display apparatus. In the antiglare film, a fine concavo-convex portion is formed on a transparent base material, an average length PSm in a sectional curve of the concavo-convex surface is not greater than 12 ?m, a ratio Pa/PSm of an arithmetic average height Pa in the sectional curve to the average length PSm is from 0.005 to 0.012, a rate of a plane having the concavo-convex surface in an inclination angle of 2 degrees or less is not higher than 50%, and a rate of a plane having the concavo-convex surface in an inclination angle of 6 degrees or less is not lower than 90%.

Abstract: A microdisplay attached to either lens of spectacles includes: a display body; a vertical extending section attached to approximately the center of the display body in the horizontal direction that extend to in the vertical direction; and a horizontal extending section of which one end is connected to a nose bridge of the spectacles and the other end is connected to end pieces of the spectacles that slidably holds the vertical extending section in the horizontal direction.

Abstract: A head mount display apparatus includes display section; eyepiece optical member for guiding light from display section to eyeball of wearer of the apparatus; and support substrate for supporting eyepiece optical member, support substrate being formed in a shape corresponding to outer shape of edge surfaces of eyepiece optical member and integrated with eyepiece optical member. Herein, edge surfaces of eyepiece optical member include plural slant surfaces in contact with support substrate. The plural slant surfaces include: light reflecting slant surface for reflecting light from display section toward eyeball of wearer, formed such as to be closer to an optical axis, as farther from an eyepiece surface and closer to surface opposite to eyepiece surface; and slant surface, other than reflecting slant surface, formed such as to be farther from the optical axis, as farther from eyepiece surface and closer to surface opposite to eyepiece surface.

Abstract: A head-up display system including an image source with a projection lens where the lens projects an intermediate image on a diffuser, forming an intermediate image on the diffuser matt surface. A first planar semi-transparent mirror is arranged to reflect the intermediate image towards a head-up semi-transparent collimating mirror. The collimating mirror also combines the image with the background.

Abstract: A process of fabricating a microlens array is provided. A self-assembled monolayer is formed on a substrate to form a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region. A liquid material is coated on the substrate so that a plurality of liquid microlenses is condensed on the hydrophilic region. The liquid microlenses are cured to form a plurality of microlenses.

Abstract: Microlenses are fabricated with a refractive-index gradient. The refractive-index gradient is produced in a microlens material such that the refractive index is relatively higher in the material nearest the substrate, and becomes progressively lower as the layer gets thicker. After formation of the layer with the refractive-index gradient, material is etched from the layer through a resist to form microlenses. The index of refraction can be adjusted in the microlens material by controlling oxygen and nitrogen content of the microlens materials during deposition. High-oxide material has a lower index of refraction. High-oxide material also exhibits a faster etch-rate. The etching forms the material into a lens shape. After removal of the resist, the microlenses have a lower relative refractive index at their apex, where the index of refraction preferably approaches that of the ambient surroundings. Consequently, light loss by reflection at the ambient/microlens interface is reduced.

Abstract: In an image sensor incorporating a variable focus lens of the electrowetting type, means are provided for reducing or substantially eliminating the occurrence of ghost images. A variable focus lens of the above-mentioned type comprises a housing (5) provided with a first fluid (A) and an axially displaced second fluid (B), the two fluids being non-miscible, in contact over a meniscus (14) and having different indices of refraction. First and second electrodes (2,12) are provided and the shape of the meniscus (14) is controllable in dependence on the application of a voltage between the first and second electrodes (2,12).

Abstract: A variable focus lens of the type including a first fluid (A) and a second fluid (B), the fluids being immiscible and having different indices of refraction wherein the lens function of the variable focus lens can be selectively controlled. The refractive indices of the two respective fluids (A) and (B) are different, and it is highly advantageous if the difference between these refractive indices is relatively high, in order to obtain a good zoom factor. Many oils with a high refractive index (approximately above 1.7) are not colourless, but instead tend to be yellow. However, this causes colour changes in the image of an object compared with the object itself. This problem is solved by correcting or compensating for the resultant change of colour of an image of an object, compared with the object itself, caused by the use of a non-colourless fluid as the first and/or second fluid in a variable focus lens of the above-mentioned type.

Abstract: A liquid lens comprises a cylindrical body having a pair of glass lenses which are coupled to upper and lower openings of the body, respectively; an aspheric transmitting partition lens inserted and fixed in the central portion of the body; an auto-focus lens section composed of a first insulating liquid layer and a first electrolyte layer which are filled under the transmitting partition lens so as to form an interface therebetween; an optical zoom lens section composed of a second insulating liquid layer and a second electrolyte layer which are filled above the transmitting partition lens so as to form an interface therebetween; and a minute auto-focus lens section composed of a third insulating liquid layer of which the upper surface comes in contact with the lower surface of the transmitting partition lens and of which the lower surface forms an interface with the first electrolyte layer such that the third insulating liquid layer is not mixed with the first electrolyte layer.

Abstract: A zoom lens system having, in order from an object side, a first lens unit having a positive refractive power; a second lens unit having a negative refractive power; a third lens unit having a positive refractive power; and a fourth lens unit having a positive refractive power, wherein during magnification change from a wide-angle end to a telephoto end, an interval between the first lens unit and the second lens unit, an interval between the second lens unit and the third lens unit and an interval between the third lens unit and the fourth lens unit change.

Abstract: A zoom lens system comprising a first lens unit of negative power, a second lens unit of positive power and a third lens unit of positive power, wherein in zooming, the lens units move respectively along an optical axis so that an interval of first lens unit and second lens unit decreases while an interval of second lens unit and third lens unit changes with variable magnification, the first lens unit comprises one object side negative lens element and one image side positive lens element, which have an aspheric surface, and the conditions: n12>1.88, ?12<26 and 3.0<f3/fW<5.5 (?W>30, n12 and ?12 are refractive index and Abbe number, respectively, of the image side positive lens element of the first lens unit, f3 is a composite focal length of the third lens unit, fW is a focal length of the entire zoom lens system at a wide-angle limit) are satisfied.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bent type zoom optical system comprising a positive first lens group having a reflecting member and remaining fixed upon zooming and a second lens group adapted to move upon zooming, and having a high zoom ratio and a short entire-length, and an imaging apparatus or the like incorporating the same. The zoom optical system comprises the positive first lens group G1 adapted to remain fixed upon zooming and the negative second lens group adapted to move upon zooming. The positive first lens group G1 comprises, in order from the object side, a negative single lens, a reflecting member P and a positive lens unit. The zoom optical system satisfies condition (1) for prevention of fluctuations in the entrance pupil position, condition (2) about the focal length of the first lens group G1, and condition (3) for putting in order the shape of the negative single lens in the first lens group G1.

Abstract: A zoom lens system comprises, in order from an object side, a negative first lens group G1, a positive second lens group G2 and a positive third lens group that has positive refractive power. In the zoom lens system, zooming is carried out by moving the first lens group and the second lens group, the first lens group consists of two or three lenses that include a negative glass lens located closest to the object side, the second lens group consists, in order from the object side, of a cemented lens composed of a positive glass lens and a negative glass lens and a plastic meniscus lens that is convex on the object side and both surfaces of which are aspherical, the third lens group consists of one positive plastic lens, and a combined focal length f2 of the second lens group and a focal length Lf23 of the plastic meniscus lens in the second lens group satisfy the following condition 0<|f2/Lf23|<0.3.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bent type zoom optical system that is reduced in terms of the whole size and thickness albeit including two reflecting surfaces in an optical path and having a high zoom ratio, and an apparatus incorporating the same. The zoom optical system comprises the positive first lens group G1 adapted to remain fixed upon zooming, the negative second lens group G1 adapted to move upon zooming, and the third lens group G3 adapted to remain fixed upon zooming. The positive first lens group G1 includes the first reflecting member P1, and the third lens group includes the stop S and the second reflecting member P2. The second reflecting member P2 is located in such a way as to bend the optical path in a direction orthogonal to a plane defined by an optical axis of the first lens group G1 on its entrance side and an optical axis bent by the first reflecting member P1, and condition (1) necessary for the proper location of an entrance pupil position is satisfied.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lens device provided on a lens barrel for a television camera, the lens device comprising: a master lens; a flange-back adjusting mechanism for moving the master lens forward/backward in an optical axis direction; a flange-back adjusting unit including the master lens and the flange-back adjusting mechanism, the flange-back adjusting unit being movable forward/backward in the optical axis direction; and a fixing member for fixing the flange-back adjusting unit on a predetermined position after the forward/backward movement.

Abstract: To provide a compact and low-cost projector lens capable of appropriately performing temperature correction and obtaining excellent image quality although using a plurality of plastic lens elements, a first lens unit having negative refractive power and a second lens unit having positive refractive power are provided from the screen side, the first lens unit includes a negative meniscus lens element 1b being a plastic lens element, being convex to the screen side and having an aspherical surface, the second lens unit includes: a negative lens element 2b being a plastic lens element and having an aspherical surface; and at least two positive lens elements having anomalous dispersibility and a temperature coefficient of a negative refractive index, and an image plane fluctuation by a temperature change due to a temperature coefficient of a negative refractive index of the plastic lens elements 1b and 2b of the first and second lens units is corrected by the temperature coefficient of the predetermined negative

Abstract: An aspherical lens formed of a high-refractivity low-dispersion glass, which is useful for constituting a compact and high-function image-sensing optical unit and which is formed by precision press-molding, the optical glass having a refractive index (nd) of over 1.83 and an Abbe's number (?d) of 40 or more and comprising, by mol %, 20 to 45% of B2O3, 5 to 24% of La2O3 and 22 to 42% of ZnO but containing no Li2O, the aspherical lens having an optical thin film formed on a surface thereof.

Abstract: When a cam barrel 24 is rotated on an outer periphery of a fixed barrel 23 during varying of power, a lens holding frame 22 that has cam followers 27, which engage with cam portions 29 provided in the cam barrel 24 and forward movement guide openings 28 provided in the fixed barrel 23, is moved straight forward in an optical axis direction by a cooperation between the cam portions 29 and the forward movement guide openings 28. A projection portion 30 is provided in an outer periphery of the diaphragm mechanism 15. A diaphragm aperture diameter is changed by rotating the projection portion 30 around an optical axis. The projection portion 30 engages with a diaphragm control cam member 31 fixed to an inner surface of the fixed barrel 23, and changes the diaphragm aperture diameter in response to movement of the lens holding frame 22.

Abstract: It is to provide an imaging lens that can maintain telecentricity, sufficiently correct various aberrations, and acquire an excellent resolution, while being small and light. The imaging lens comprises, in order from an object side towards an image surface side, a first lens which is a biconvex lens, a diaphragm, a second lens which is a meniscus lens having a negative power whose convex surface faces the image surface side, and a third lens which is a meniscus lens having a positive power whose convex surface faces the object side, wherein conditions expressed by each of following expressions are to be satisfied: 0.7?f1/fl?1, ?6?f2/fl??2.8, and 3<f3/fl?10 (where, fl: focal distance of the entire lens system, f1: focal distance of the first lens, f2: focal distance of the second lens, and f3: focal distance of the third lens).

Abstract: An imaging lens is provided and includes: in order from an object side of the imaging lens, a first lens having a convex surface directed to the object side on an optical axis and having a positive power; an aperture diaphragm placed between a top position of an object-side surface of the first lens and a position of an image-side surface of the first lens on the optical axis; a second lens having a meniscus shape with a concave surface directed to the object side on the optical axis; and a third lens having a meniscus shape with a convex surface directed to the object side on the optical axis. Further, the imaging lens satisfies specific conditional expressions.

Abstract: A lens unit includes a front group, a stop, and a rear group, in order from the object side toward the image side. The front group includes at least: a first lens having a negative meniscus shape; a negative second lens formed from a plastic and having an aspherical surface; and a positive third lens, in order from the object side toward the image side. The rear group includes at least: a positive first lens; and a negative second lens, in order from the object side toward the image side.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a lens barrel that is simplified in structure with the reduced number of components and is facilitated in assembly and associated adjustment. The lens barrel enables an appropriate frictional force against the rotation force caused by manipulating rotary operation rings such as a zooming ring and a focusing ring to effect the optimum operating force on the rotary operation rings.

Abstract: A zoom lens guide system employs air bearings to reduce mechanical shift of the zoom lens components, thus reducing measurement error. The air bearings provide greater stiffness, resulting in the reduction of mechanical shift. Orifice type or porous media air bearings can be used to provide a thin film between an external surface of the bearing and an inner surface of a barrel of the system, the bearing being mounted about a lens housing within the barrel. Guide pins include feed tubes connect the air bearings to an air supply while engaging a guide slot in the barrel and a cam slot in a zoom ring to effect selective axial motion of a lens housing.

Abstract: An optical mouse comprises a ball body, a ball seat, an optical lens set, and a circuit board; a surface of the ball body being coated with various colors which are arranged irregularly and the ball body being rotatably installed on the ball seat. The ball seat has a receiving groove for receiving the ball body; and the receiving groove has an opening for exposing part of the ball body. The optical lens set has a focusing lens. One side of the circuit board facing to the optical lens set has a light source and another side thereof is installed with a recording chip; an optical image capturing head is installed on the recording chip.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a microminiature lens module and a lens device with the microminiature lens module. The microminiature lens module is applied in the lens device in order to decrease the entire outer diameter of the lens device. The microminiature lens module comprises a containing base and a lens set, wherein the containing base has a through hole, and an inner thread is located on a partial inner wall of the through hole. A radius with the inner thread of the through hole is smaller than a radius without the inner thread of the through hole. The lens set is female-connected to the through hole. An outer thread is on an outer rim of the lens set where relative to the inner thread, and the outer thread collocates the inner thread. A radius with the outer thread of the lens set is smaller than a radius without the outer thread of the lens set.

Abstract: [PROBLEMS]A technology for effectively preventing deformation of a light reflector plate fabricated by forming a synthetic resin reflector plate into a three-dimensional shape enabling a thinner light reflector plate, and additionally, reducing processing costs is provided. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] An adhesive tape 10 for shape-retention is adhered onto a reflector plate 6 which is fabricated by forming predetermined areas of a light-reflecting plastic film or sheet 2 into a three-dimensional shape.