Abstract: A system and method of measuring a distance of semiconductor patterns is provided. The system includes a microscope and a control unit. The control unit calculates standard coordinates of standard points in view-fields that include spots, spot coordinates of spots with respect to standard points, real coordinates of spots from both of the standard coordinates and spot coordinates, and finally the distance between the two spots from the first and second real coordinates. Coordinates are determined using high magnification, in conjunction with pixel counting, allowing more precise distance measurements.

Abstract: A resolution enhanced optical metrology system to examine a structure formed on a semiconductor wafer includes a source configured to direct an incident beam at the structure through a coupling element. The coupling element is disposed between the source and the structure with a gap having a gap height defined between the coupling element and the structure.

Abstract: A method of error archiving for an imaging device is provided. The method includes monitoring system operations for the imaging device, and when an error is detected, compiling information about the error into an error file for one or more of storage, transmission, retrieval, and disposal. In addition, an imaging device including error archiving is provided. The imaging device includes a processor adapted to compile error information when an error is detected, a storage device coupled to the processor and adapted to store the error information for one or more of transmission, retrieval, and disposal of the error information based on user criteria, and a print engine coupled to the processor and adapted to produce tangible output images.

Abstract: To enable data in a WWW server on a network to be directly obtained without passing through an information processing apparatus and to reduce a load which is applied to the network when the data obtained from the WWW server is printed, a digital copier has a function, namely, a Web Pull Printing function for actively accessing to the WWW server, obtaining data of an HTML format in the WWW server, and printing by a self printer. A Web print request to the digital copier by the user is executed through a print utility which is operating on a client.

Abstract: A camera device includes an image data generation unit which generates image data corresponding to a captured image; a specific information generation unit which generates specific information relating to the image data; a recording unit which records the image data and the specific information on a removable recording medium which is removably attachable to the camera device; a reproducing unit which reproduces the image data and the specific information from the removable recording medium; an embedding unit which controllably embeds the reproduced specific information into the reproduced image data using a digital watermarking technique; and a control unit which controls the embedding unit to embed the reproduced specific information into the reproduced image data if a first process is selected by a user, and controls the embedding unit not to embed the reproduced specific information into the reproduced image data if a second process is selected by the user.

Abstract: A facsimile apparatus includes an e-mail creation unit that creates an email including image data transmitted or received by facsimile or via an Internet, and a setting information specification unit that specifies archive setting information based on a communication type when transmitting or receiving image data. An archive unit archives the created e-mail after transmitting to a predetermined e-mail address for archiving based on the specified archive setting information.

Abstract: A printer has access to a remote file system. The printer is configured with a remote file system client module configured to create a logical file system mount to a remote file system. Software, which is configured to operate the printer, is obtained by the printer from the remote file system.

Abstract: A print-direct printer for receiving and printing JPEG data from a DSC divides the area of a memory into a plurality of blocks, stores the received JPEG data in the memory on a block-by-block basis and decompresses the compressed JPEG data that has been stored in the memory, thereby expanding the JPEG data into image data. If it is determined that JPEG data to be expanded next has not been stored in the memory, then the DSC is requested for JPEG data corresponding to at least one block, in an amount that is less than the maximum amount of data transferable from the DSC, in addition to the JPEG data to be expanded.

Abstract: A computer implemented method for generating a bitmap suitable for high-speed variable printing, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a page description language file, the page description language file defining at least one variable data area and at least one static data area; (b) interpreting the page description language file, and during the interpreting step: (i) generating a static bitmap of the static data area, (ii) identifying the variable data area, and (iii) responsive to the identification of the variable data area, not adding a bitmap of the variable data area to the static bitmap; and (c) saving the static bitmap, whereby the saved static bitmap is used repeatedly in the generation of a plurality of documents, each of which contain the static bitmap and a variable data bitmap.

Abstract: This communicator makes it possible for the user to do telephone, facsimile, and data communication at any location. On a pen input device, a space eye 2, a telephone control system, a facsimile control system, and a data transmission system are mounted. All of them are operated by an input pen 55 or the space eye 2. The pen input device is connected to a wireless telephone equipment 7, and can be connected to a desired party through the public communication channel. In order to make the most of the equipment of a GPS user, the GPS user device 8 is connected to the pen input device 3. The current location of the GPS user is found through the GPS user device 8, and the data on the current location is transmitted to the party. Further, to make this communicator usable in any country, it is provided with means to connect it to a wireless telephone network of an individual service area of the country.

Abstract: A user orders prints of pictures in a relatively easy manner. In a place such as a convenience store, a print order device and a print order receiver are installed with a one-to-one correspondence therebetween. The user orders prints of images from the print order device. The contents of order are sent to the print order receiver. The receiver produces prints of pictures according to the order. A store clerk passes the prints to the user.

Abstract: Digital photographs can be viewed on a television by inserting into the TV a Memory Stick® or other removable medium bearing the photos. Using the TV remote control, viewers can select photos for printing, as well as the quantity to be printed. Viewers can also cause only those photos that have been selected for printing to be displayed, to facilitate further refining the print list. Then, the removable medium can be removed from the TV and inserted into a photo printer to print the selected photos.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus which is connected to a network (30), and forms an image on the basis of data acquired from the network, upon receiving a URL that designates image data to be acquired from a console, the URL is interpreted, and a data request is submitted to a server via the network on the basis of the interpretation result. Image data sent from the server in response to that data request is stored. If the image data is a JPEG image, an image process that warrants excellent tone reproduction is made; if the image data is a GIF image, an image process that warrants high resolution is made, and the processed image data is output to a printer to print it out.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a private port selected from a group composed of a plurality of user's private ports assigned to a plurality of users, individually, and two or more function-only ports, a reception buffer which temporarily saves a print job received through the private port, and a setting/save section which is provided corresponding to the private port and saves set data on the printing system. A printing section of the apparatus reads the set data on the printing system from the setting/save section corresponding to the user's private port through which the print job is received when the print job stored in the reception buffer is printed and prints the job in accordance with the set data.

Abstract: An effects module useful in a digital imaging system such as a compact printer system. The effects module includes an image processor that applies one or more effects to a stored image, which may be read from a printer module. The resultant image is written back to the printer module or another module able to store images. The effects module preferably incorporates two connection means. One or other of the connection means may connect to corresponding connection means on the printer module. The connection means includes a physical connection and a logical connection. The logical connection is a serial bus that communicates power and data. Buttons are provided to choose, select and apply different types and numbers of effects to the image read from the printer module. Feedback is provided via a LCD.

Abstract: An image data correcting device eliminates a back projection image without eliminating an image corresponding to a low-intensity halftone image. An intensity difference detection part detects an intensity difference between first image data corresponding to a part of a predetermined small area and second image data corresponding to the remaining parts of the predetermined small area. A halftone detection part determining whether the first image data corresponds to a halftone image. An intensity change part changes an intensity of the first image data to a predetermined low intensity, when the intensity difference is equal to or smaller than a first predetermined value and the first image data does not correspond to the halftone image and the intensity of the first image data is equal to or smaller than a second predetermined value.

Abstract: When an sRGB color space and an wRGB color space have a common white point in a device-independent color space, the CPU 31 of a color printer 20 eliminates deviation of the white points of the two color spaces occurring when a color value of the sRGB color space has been converted to a color value of the wRGB color space using a matrix operation L, by correcting the coefficients of matrix L. As a result of correction a matrix L? is obtained. CPU 31 executes gamma correction on the RGB color space color value obtained by a matrix operation S, and then executes matrix operation L?. CPU 31 executes inverse gamma correction on the color value obtained by a matrix operation L?.

Abstract: Differentiating between image and graphic objects contained within a Color Rendering Dictionary improves printing efficiency. The differentiation between image and graphic objects is accomplished by monitoring the sequence in which Color Rendering Dictionary procedures are executed. Based on the monitored sequence, an image or graphic object is determined to be used for rendering.

Abstract: One processing section 131 executes a process of generating image data K representing a black image on the basis of the image data Y, M, and C, and sequentially executes a process of removing elements of the black image contained in the image data Y, from the image data Y, a process of removing the elements of the black image contained in the image data M, from the image data M, and a process of removing the elements of the black image contained in the image data C, from the image data C.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus which forms a color image by superposing cyan, magenta, yellow and black toners on a recording medium, a circuit to limit image signals is provided immediately before a gamma correction circuit which corrects an output characteristic inherent in the apparatus so that the sum total of the signal levels of the image signals of the respective colors does not exceeds a predetermined value. Thus, even if a user arbitrarily sets color profile data for color management, a toner spread amount can be controlled not to exceed the predetermined value.

Abstract: Upon outputting halftone image data to an output device, density transformation is prevalently done to improve image quality. Density transformation corresponds to linear gamma correction, and cannot correct any color fog and the like of a photo image. Hence, lightness/color difference information of halftone image data is acquired on the basis of low-frequency components of frequency data obtained by transforming halftone image data into spatial frequency components, and a lightness/color difference transform amount of the halftone image data is set on the basis of the acquired lightness/color difference information.

Abstract: This invention is a method of producing a set of TRC's for a color printer's secondary halftone screens that is correlated with the printer's primary halftone screens. The method makes use of the printer/screen characteristic data that is normally gathered during screen calibration. However, instead of progressing from the data to a normal calibration for the secondary screens, the method goes backward through the data starting with the finished primary screen TRC's. The method insures that for every primary screen density, the closest possible secondary screen density is used when the same digital value is specified.

Abstract: Where a magnification (enlargement/reduction of image) has been set through operation keys of an operation panel, a main CPU sends information on read magnification to a scanner CPU of a scanner section. In this case, where the magnification is not set in particular, information of 100% magnification is sent to the scanner CPU. Based on a microstep division number of a step angle corresponding to the received information on read magnification, the scanner CPU controls the driving of a scan motor via a scan motor driver.

Abstract: A height adjustment structure for an image-scanning device. The scanning device has a guiding rod, an optical system and a document panel. The guiding rod and the document panel are fixed relative to each other. The optical system includes a box body and an axial rod bearer that can slide along into the guiding rod. The height adjustment structure includes a first positioning section and a second positioning section. The first positioning section is attached to one side of the box body and the second positioning section is attached to one side the axial rod bearer that faces the first positioning section. The first positioning section and the second positioning section has hooking mechanism, screwing mechanism or teeth-meshing mechanism for fixing the box body relative to the axial rod bearer and hence setting the distance from the box body to the document panel.

Abstract: A light-channeling apparatus for a scanning module comprises a first light-guiding tube, a second light-guiding tube, and a collimating lens positioned inside the first light-guiding tube. The first and second light-guiding tubes are attached to a body casing of the scanning module. The scanning module uses the first light-guiding tube having the collimating lens to channel light from a light source to a scanning region and uses the second light-guiding tube to channel light reflected from the scanning region to a light passage slit on the body casing, to minimize dispersion of light from the light source and keep external light out of the light transmission pathway.

Abstract: A 4-line CCD sensor according to one embodiment of the present invention has a monochromic reading line sensor section and a color reading line sensor section. This 4-line CCD sensor is characterized in that amplification factors for amplifiers 1 to 4 are set so that the amplitude of an output signal from the monochromic reading line sensor section is the same as that of each output signal from the color reading line sensor section. This 4-line CCD sensor is characterized in that the amplification factors for the amplifiers 1 to 4 are set so that the amplitude of each output signal from the color reading line sensor section is smaller than that of an output signal from the monochromic reading line sensor section.

Abstract: Provided are a holographic recording medium, a method for adding address information to the holographic recording medium, and a method for addressing that can identify two-dimensional information pages by a simple addressing operation. In the holographic recording medium 12, two-dimensional information pages 40A, . . . each comprising multiple pixels are multiplexed and holographically recorded. A plurality of pixels in each of the two-dimensional information pages 40A, . . . form address pixels, and a set of the address pixels form an address information region 42A, . . . . The address information region 42A, . . . is disposed at a different position in the two-dimensional information page 40A, . . . on a two-dimensional information page basis or on a page group basis comprising a plurality of two-dimensional information pages.

Abstract: A post-objective scanning device using a rotatable polygon mirror has a correction system for achieving telecentric scanning with a well-corrected scanning spot. A mirror facet tracker is provided to obtain high radiation efficiency and optimum use of the correction system. The facet tracker may be an active device including an additional beam deflector or a passive device including a facet tracking mirror.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to prevent deterioration of image quality caused by ghost light generated from components of a scanning optical apparatus. In the present invention, an image writing light flux is related with a position at which ghost light appears and the exposure amount of the ghost light and a ghost light exposure amount on a surface to be scanned is calculated on comparison with an actual image signal, and the light quantity or the pulse width of a light flux emitted from a light source is controlled based on the calculated ghost light exposure amount.

Abstract: A display system comprises a light modulator having at least three linear arrays of light modulating devices on a common substrate, at least one light source producing at least three colors of light for illuminating the at least three linear arrays, a lens for creating line images of the at least three linear arrays on a display surface, and a scanning mirror for scanning the line images to create a two-dimensional image on the display surface.

Abstract: A mirror assembly for a vehicle includes a mirror element having at least one substrate that has a forward surface and a rearward surface. The mirror element comprises at least one substantially reflective metallic layer sandwiched between a respective pair of substantially transparent non-metallic layers. Each of the substantially transparent non-metallic layers and the substantially reflective metallic layer have a selected refractive index and a selected physical thickness such that the reflective element is selectively spectrally tuned to substantially transmit at least one preselected spectral band of radiant energy therethrough while substantially reflecting other radiant energy. A radiant energy emitting element is disposed at or near the rearward surface of the at least one substrate. The radiant energy emitting element is configured to emit radiant energy with a peak intensity within the at least one preselected spectral band.

Abstract: A tilting mirror design for maskless lithography is proposed. In this mirror, the tilting portion occupies about 60% of the entire element area. The surrounding space is made 100% reflective and out-of-phase with respect to the tilting portion. The ratio between the tilting portion of the mirror and the out-of-phase portion is optimized in order to result in equal positive and negative maximum amplitudes over a complete range of tilt angles.

Abstract: A communication system for distributed Raman amplification of optical signals is disclosed. The communication system comprises a first fiber span, a second fiber span, and an amplifier system. The amplifier system generates a light beam and splits the light beam into a first portion and a second portion. The amplifier system transfers the first portion of the light beam onto the first fiber span so that the first portion of the light beam backward propagates over the first fiber span. The amplifier system transfers the second portion of the light beam onto the second fiber span so that the second portion of the light beam forward propagates over the second fiber span.

Abstract: A system and method for generating a navigation solution in high interference and dynamic environments using Global Positioning System (GPS) and inertial measurement unit (IMU) data is described. The system includes an Advanced Tightly Coupled (ATC) tracking processor for a multi-satellite tracking system. The ATC accepts early, late, and on-time I and Q data from the GPS signal tracker and outputs vehicle-to-satellite range and range rate residual measurements to a navigation Kalman filter. The ATC includes nonlinear discriminators which transform I and Q data into linear residual measurements corrupted by unbiased, additive, and white noise. It also includes an amplitude estimator configured to operate in rapidly changing, high power noise; a measurement noise variance estimator; and a linear residual smoothing filter for input to the navigation filter.

Abstract: An inspection microscope for several wavelength ranges with at least one illuminating beam path and at least one imaging beam path. Those optical elements in the illuminating beam path and in the imaging beam path, through which beams of all wavelengths pass, are provided with a reflection-reducing layer, by means of which the wavelength ranges with reduced reflection are the visible VIS-wavelength range up to 650 nm, the i-lines at ?=365 nm and the ultraviolet DUV-wavelength range from 240 nm to 270 nm. The reflection-reducing layer is a sandwich structure, comprising various material combinations, such as for example, M2/MgF2 or M2/MgF2/SiO2 or M2/MgF2/Al2O3, where M2 is a mixed substance from the company Merck, comprising Al2O3. The optical components with reduced reflectance preferably comprise quartz glass or CaF2.

Abstract: In adjusting a microscope having at least two objectives for superimposing measuring beams of light in an object space to the end of obtaining an interference pattern and for monitoring the object space, each objective having a focal point, a focal plane and a pupil, auxiliary beams of light which are distinguishable from the measuring beams are directed into the objectives, and the auxiliary beams getting back out of the objectives are superimposed to obtain an auxiliary interference pattern. Further, the auxiliary beams getting back out of the objectives are imaged as spots.

Abstract: A telescope has a primary light mirror structure including a central base, and a concave primary mirror having a central opening in which the central base is received and extending radially outwardly from the central opening. The concave primary mirror has an inner margin adjacent to the central opening. A secondary light mirror structure includes a secondary mirror having a center and an outer periphery. The secondary mirror faces the concave primary mirror and the central base of the primary light mirror structure. A spider support extends between the inner margin of the concave primary mirror and the center of the secondary mirror facing the central base. The spider support does not extend to the outer periphery of the secondary mirror. The spider support has openings therethrough to permit light rays to pass between the secondary mirror and the central base of the primary light mirror structure.

Abstract: A projection screen includes a plurality of passive elements each having a sidewall surrounding a surface, wherein said sidewall is configured to attenuate light.

Abstract: The device relates to a wall roll-up screen of which the upper and the lower are attached with the upper short rod and the lower short rod, respectively, wherein the screen is constituted to be rolled up when not in use and to be unrolled when used, by the lower short rod; and the left and the right end of the upper short rod are mounted with steel structure of groove shaped ringscapable of coupling magnets and the left and the right end of the lower short rod are mounted with magnets to allow them to be coupled with the groove shaped rings of the left end and the right end of the upper short rod, upon rolling up the screen by the lower short rod and, if necessary, separating the magnets from the groove shape rings, thereby to obtain good portability and mobility of the screen, to prevent the screen from being twisted from side to side upon fixing the screen, and to improve aesthetic value of product.

Abstract: System and techniques for reducing the polarization dependency of an optical component by combining the actions of a circulator and a polarization beam combiner to separate an optical signal into a plurality of orthogonally oriented polarization components; rotate at least one of the components so that the polarization orientation of the components are parallel; propagate the components through respective input ports of an optical component at substantially the same time; rotate at least one of a plurality of output components from the optical component so that the polarization orientation of the output components are orthogonal; and recombine the plurality of output components into an output optical signal.

Abstract: The anti-reflection film has reflectance minimums in at least prime colors. The reflective display medium has the reflectance minimums in at least the prime colors. The light emitting display medium has the reflectance minimums in at least the prime colors, and having light emission maximums in the prime colors. The organic EL device has the light emission maximums in the prime colors. The liquid crystal monitor has the reflectance minimums in at least the prime colors, and uses as a supplemental light source the organic EL device.

Abstract: In an optical filter, a thin film is formed by laminating low refractive index layers alternatingly from a substrate side with high refractive index layers. The thin film is provided with first, second, and third laminated portions. In the first laminated portion, the refractive indices of the high refractive index layers become gradually higher. In the second laminated portion, the refractive indices of the high refractive index layers are substantially equal to the highest refractive index of the high refractive index layers constituting the first laminated portion. In the third laminated portion, the refractive indices of the high refractive index layers become gradually lower, and the refractive indices of the low refractive index layers are substantially equal to the lowest refractive index of the low refractive index layers constituting the second laminated portion.

Abstract: Off-axis projection optics that includes first and second mirrors positioned off-axis and sharing a confocal point that are arranged to reduce linear astigmatism. If a distance between an object plane and the first mirror is l1, an incident angle of light coming from the object plane to the first mirror is i1, a distance between the first mirror and the confocal point is l1?, a distance between the confocal point and the second mirror is l2, an incident angle of light coming from the first mirror to the second mirror is i2, and a distance between the second mirror and an image plane is l2?, the off-axis projection optics may satisfy the following equation: l 1 ? + l 1 l 1 ? tan ? ? i 1 = l 2 ? + l 2 l 2 ? tan ? ? i 2 .

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes an electro-optical panel which has a plurality of electro-optical elements whose light-emitting characteristics or transmissive characteristics are changed by electrical energy applied; a converging lens array which has a plurality of distributed index lenses, each transmitting light traveling in the electro-optical panel to form an erect image with respect to an image on the electro-optical panel, the images formed by the plurality of distributed index lenses constituting a continuous image; and a transmissive spacer unit which is provided between the electro-optical panel and the converging lens array so as to be bonded to them. The spacer unit includes a laminated structure of a plurality of transmissive spacer members.

Abstract: A bifocus lens system that is particularly suitable for being used in the portable machine, which not only can improve the incident angle but also can ensure miniaturization. The bifocus lens system comprises: a first lens group, a second lens group at wide angle side, and a second lens group at telephoto side, wherein the focal length can be changed by selectively arranging either of the first lens group and the second lens group on optical axis. A focal length of the first lens group is f1, a focal length of the second lens group at wide angle side is fw, and they satisfy the relation as: 1.0<f1/fw<1.4. A focal length of the second lens group at telephoto side is f2t, a total focal length of the whole lens groups at telephoto side is ft, they satisfy the relation: 0.8<|f2t/ft |<2.

Abstract: To obtain a high imaging performance even for a relatively long focal length in a zoom lens provided with an optical-path bending member for bending an optical path. The following are included: a first group of lenses G1 having a positive refracting power, a second group of lenses G2 having a negative refracting power, a third group of lenses G3 having a positive refracting power, and a fourth group of lenses G4 having a positive refracting power arranged in that order from the object side to the image surface side. Zooming is performed by moving the second group of lenses G2 and fourth group of lenses G4 along an optical axis. The first group of lenses G1 is constituted of a group of positive lenses L1 having a positive refracting power and an optical-path bending member L2 for bending an optical path arranged in that order from the object side to the image face side.

Abstract: An optical system includes a refractive lens system and a micromirror array lens with angled positioning to improve light efficiency. The micromirror array lens is optically coupled to the refractive lens system, and has a focal length gradient. The micromirror array lens is configured to focus the light input refracted by the micromirror array lens onto a focal plane, the micromiror array lens is positioned at an acute angle with respect to the light input and the focal plane. The optical system may further include an infrared filter and/or an optical stop to block unwanted light. The advantages of the present invention include improved light efficiency, image quality, and/or focusing.

Abstract: An optical system comprises from the object side: a positive first lens element, a negative second lens element, a positive third lens element, a fourth lens element, and an aperture stop located between the object side of the optical system and the second lens element for controlling the brightness of the optical system. A radius of curvature R3 of a front surface of the second lens element satisfies the relation: ?0.02 [1/mm]<1/R3<0.22 [1/mm], an Abbe number V2 of the second lens element is less than 40. A focal length of the fourth lens element is f4, a focal length of the optical system is f, they satisfy the relation: f/f4<0.1, at least one inflection point is formed on the rear surface of the fourth lens element.

Abstract: Providing a compact zoom lens system having a high zoom ratio. The zoom lens system includes, in order from an object, a first lens group G1 having positive refractive power, a second lens group G2 having negative refractive power, and a third lens group G3 having positive refractive power. When a state of lens group positions varies from a wide-angle end state W to a telephoto end state T, at least the first lens group G1 and the third lens group G3 are moved along the optical axis to the object. Given conditional expressions are satisfied.

Abstract: The device consists in compensating for the distortion of the characters marked on the dial caused by a lens, by writing the characters with a reverse pin cushion or barrel distortion.