Abstract: In a variable valve timing apparatus in which a phase of an intake valve is changed at an amount of change according to a rotational speed of relative rotation between an electric motor as an actuator and a camshaft, the set upper limit value of the rotational speed of relative rotation and a coefficient N? of conversion from a required phase-change amount to the rotational speed of relative rotation ?Nm in each control period are set at smaller values at the time of engine stop than at the time of engine operation. As a result, the rotational speed of the electric motor in the VVT operation at the time of engine stop is reduced thereby reducing the operation sound of the variable valve timing apparatus.

Abstract: A rotational phase difference of a camshaft relative to a crankshaft in a variable valve timing mechanism is controlled by an operation of an oil control valve. That is, in the oil control valve, there is outputted an operational signal which is defined by adding a feedback correction amount corresponding to a difference between an actual value and a target value of the rotational phase difference, to a holding learning value as the operational signal for holding the rotational phase difference. The holding learning value is altered only by a specified value on condition that the operational signal for holding the rotational phase difference is assumed to change.

Abstract: A rocker arm is provided that includes a body which is comprised of a single vertical wall having an I-shape cross section and an axle that extends perpendicular from the vertical wall area for making contact with a valve and a pivot point. The pivot point for the rocker arm may be located centrally or at the end of the rocker arm that is opposite the rocker arm valve arm. An external cam follower bearing is mounted on the axle on each side of a single vertical wall. The rocker arm of the invention is characterized by a relatively reduced mass and has a stiffness that exceeds limits achieved by known prior art designs for an overhead cam and cam follower valve train; the gain in stiffness being attributed to the body's I-shape cross-section relative to conventional prior art rocker arms having a U-shape or dual vertical wall cross-section.

Abstract: A high profile rocker arm assembly increases rocker arm strength, minimizes rocker arm weight and enables improved valve lash adjustment. The rocker arm assembly comprises a rocker arm, a cross shaft, and an externally mounted roller tip. The cross shaft incorporates certain offset structure so that when adjustment thereof is made, valve lash adjustment is quickly and easily achieved. This eliminates the need for an adjuster stud and nut on the rocker arm. Several different pillow blocks may function to operatively retain the device.

Abstract: An anti-tipping feature for a roller follower is provided that is positioned at the socket end of a Type II roller follower. The anti-tipping feature is designed to fit around the plunger of a lash adjuster. The feature has legs that extend down around the plunger to provide stability for the roller follower. Tipping of the roller follower is controlled by the formed legs that extend down the plunger. The length of the legs and clearance determine the amount of roller follower tipping. The valve guide wall height can be shortened enough to still provide valve containment and reduce moving mass which comprises a key component to engine performance.

Abstract: There is provided a cam follower in which a surface roughness of an outer surface of a roller of a cam follower which is in rolling contact with a cam of an engine is obtained individually in an axial direction and a circumferential direction, a skewness Rsk of a profile is formed to be negative, a core roughness depth Rk is made to be 0.3 or less, a reduced valley depth Rvk is made to be 0.3 or less, and a ratio Rk/Rt of the Rk to a maximum height Rt of the profile is made to be 0.19 or more.

Abstract: A plasma-jet spark plug includes a metal shell, an electrical insulator retained in the metal shell, a center electrode held in an axial hole of the electrical insulator to define a cavity by a front end face of the center electrode and an inner circumferential surface of the insulator axial hole and a ground electrode arranged on a front end of the electrical insulator. The ground electrode has an opening defining portion defining an opening for communication between the cavity and the outside of the spark plug. The opening defining portion is located radially inside of or in contact with a first imaginary circular conical surface where the first imaginary circular conical surface has an axis coinciding with an axis of the spark plug and a vertex angle of 120° opening toward a front end of the spark plug and passing through a front edge of the insulator axial hole.

Abstract: A plasma-jet spark plug includes a metal shell, an electrical insulator retained in the metal shell, a center electrode held in an axial hole of the electrical insulator to define a cavity by a front end face of the center electrode and an inner circumferential surface of the insulator axial hole and a ground electrode fitted to a front end face of the electrical insulator and formed with an opening for communication between the cavity and the outside of the spark plug and satisfies the following dimensional relationships: d?D?3d; 0.5 mm?d?1.5 mm; L1?1.5 mm; 2d?L2?3.5 mm; and L2+{(D?d)/2}?3.5 mm where D is a diameter of the ground electrode opening; L1 is a thickness of the ground electrode; d is a diameter of the cavity; and L2 is a depth of the cavity.

Abstract: A carburetor (1) for an internal combustion engine has an intake channel section (3) wherein a throttle element and a choke element are supported to pivot about respective rotational axes (34, 35). The carburetor (1) has a starter unit which has an operating position, an off position and at least one start position. In the start position, the starter unit fixes defined positions of the throttle element and the choke element. A simple manipulability and a multifaceted operational use of the carburetor (1) are achieved when the starter unit includes an actuating lever (29, 69) and an intermediate lever (18, 68) having respective rotational axes (28, 37) which are at a distance (c) to each other at least at the elevation of the intermediate lever (18, 68) and when the actuating lever (29, 69) acts on the throttle element via the intermediate lever (18, 68).

Abstract: A damped windage tray for an engine including a windage tray formed from a laminate. The laminate operates to damp vibrations of the windage tray. The laminate includes a first constraining layer, a second constraining layer and a viscoelastic damping layer disposed between the first and second constraining layer. The viscoelastic damping layer spans substantially the entirety of the first and second constraining layers. Additionally, a method of forming the windage tray is provided.

Abstract: An integrated power unit for a small vehicle is configured to permit a compact engine design in a power unit having a crankcase that is split into upper and lower portions. The power unit includes a crankshaft supported by the crankcase and oriented transverse to the running direction of the vehicle. A transmission shaft is rotatably supported in a transmission chamber formed on the rear side of the crank chamber. The respective split surfaces of the upper and the lower crankcase portions are provided plural fastening boss portions arranged as vertically opposed pairs. The plural fastening boss portions are respectively joined using fastening bolts to integrate the upper crankcase and the lower crankcase, thereby forming the crankcase. A clutch is disposed at one end of the transmission shaft, and the rearmost fastening boss portions overlap with a rear portion of the clutch in the front-rear direction of the vehicle.

Abstract: An automobile air intake system is provided that channels air from outside the automobile engine compartment to the engine. The automobile air intake system according to an embodiment of the invention includes an intake enclosure coupled to a bulkhead across the front of the engine compartment. The automobile grille, radiator, and a front portion of the hood in front of the bulkhead form a flow channel to an intake port of the intake enclosure. Aspects of the invention include a screen extending from the bulkhead to the grille for inhibiting the flow of water and particles through the flow channel. Other aspects provide an alternative air path for channeling air from the engine compartment to the intake enclosure.

Abstract: The high-pressure pump has at least one pump element with a pump piston driven in a reciprocating motion and defining a pump work chamber into which fuel is aspirated from a fuel inlet via an inlet valve in the intake stroke and from which fuel is positively displaced in the pumping stroke. The inlet valve has a valve member which with a sealing face cooperates with a valve seat for controlling the communication of the pump work chamber with the fuel inlet. The sealing face of the valve member has two portions with first and second cone angles that are different from one another. The seat face has a constant, third cone angle that is different from the first and second cone angles. At the transition between the two portions of the sealing face, a protruding edge is formed, with which the sealing face comes to rest on the seat face with the constant cone angle.

Abstract: The present invention provides an internal combustion engine system which uses a blended fuel of gasoline and ethanol, operates with high efficiency, and can inhibit nitrogen oxide and the like from being discharged. The internal combustion engine system comprises: a fuel tank 3 that accommodates a blended fuel having an octane number of 80 to 100, which has been prepared by blending gasoline having the octane number of 30 to 85 and ethanol into a weight ratio between 9:1 and 6:4; separating means 4 for adding water to the blended fuel to separate the blended fuel into the gasoline and an ethanol-water mixture liquid; reforming means 8 for reforming one part of the ethanol-water mixture liquid to produce a mixture liquid of diethyl ether and water; and fuel injectors 10a, 10b and 10c which independently inject each of the gasoline, the ethanol-water mixture liquid and the mixture liquid of diethyl ether and water.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a main combustion chamber, an auxiliary combustion chamber, a partition wall that separates the main and auxiliary combustion chambers, a first igniter disposed in the auxiliary combustion chamber, a second igniter disposed in the main combustion chamber, and a controller electrically coupled to the first and second igniters. The auxiliary combustion chamber has a capacity smaller than that of the main combustion chamber. The partition wall includes a communication passage. The controller is adapted to send an auxiliary combustion chamber ignition timing signal to the first igniter and is adapted to send a main combustion chamber ignition timing signal to the second igniter. Further, the controller is adapted to send the auxiliary and main combustion chamber ignition timing signals such that, in response to at least one engine operating condition, ignition in the auxiliary combustion chamber occurs after ignition in the main combustion chamber.

Abstract: In an injector having three concentrated fuel spray bands, one of the fuel spray bands is directed to an spark plug, and the others are directed to curved grooves on a piston. The sprays that enter each groove advance along each groove, mutually collide substantially under the spark plug, and are ascended. Further, these spray bands are carried to the vicinity of the spark plug by a tumble flow and stable stratified air-fuel mixture is formed. As described above, stable and satisfactory stratified combustion can be made.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine and to a method for operating a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine. The cylinders are assigned an exhaust line and in each case a gas inlet valve (E) and a gas outlet valve (A) which are used for the charge cycle. In addition, at least one of the cylinders (1-6) of the internal combustion engine (B) has an additional outlet valve (Z) through which, in the opened state, a flow connection can be established between the combustion chamber and the exhaust line.

Abstract: An engine control system that regulates first and second throttles of an internal combustion engine includes a primary control module that generates a throttle area based on an operator input and a second control module that determines a second throttle position based on the throttle area. The second control module determines a redundant throttle position based on the throttle area and regulates a position of the second throttle based on the second throttle position if the second throttle position and the redundant throttle position correspond with one another.

Abstract: An engine control system includes an engine with an output shaft. A power take-off device interfaces with the output shaft and provides rotational power to an auxiliary device. A user input device includes a first engine speed control that commands an increase in engine speed by a first amount to increase the rotational power to the auxiliary device when a user selects the first engine speed control. A second engine speed control commands an increase in engine speed by a second amount that is greater than the first amount to increase the rotational power to the auxiliary device when the user selects the second engine speed control. The user input device includes a speed cancellation control that commands a reversal of a net increase in the speed of the engine that is commanded via the user input device when the user selects the speed cancellation control.

Abstract: A mounting structure on motorcycle for protecting a capacitor from vibration and heat. In an engine having an upright cylinder a throttle body is connected to an intake path of the cylinder via an insulator, and the throttle body is connected to an air cleaner via a connecting tube. The throttle body is thereby elastically supported relative to the engine and a vehicle body frame via the insulator and the connecting tube. A capacitor is disposed at a position downward of the throttle body. The capacitor is supported integrally with the throttle body using a lower portion of a throttle body cover that covers both left and right sides of the throttle body. A vibration isolating support structure is thus achieved for the capacitor by using the throttle body that is elastically supported.

Abstract: An air-fuel ratio controlling apparatus includes an internal pressure detector for detecting an internal pressure of a combustion chamber of the engine. The apparatus estimates a motoring pressure of the engine and determines a start-of-combustion time, a time point when a difference between the internal pressure and the motoring pressure exceeds a predetermined value in a compression stroke and a combustion stroke of the engine. Firing delay for each cylinder is calculated from as a duration from sparking to the start-of-combustion time. Air-fuel ratio of each cylinder is estimated based on the firing delay and fuel injection amount for each cylinder is calculated to make the air-fuel ratio of plural cylinders uniform.

Abstract: A fuel injector for fuel-injection systems of internal combustion engines includes a valve-closure element cooperating with a valve seat, and a restoring spring which is situated in a spring pocket opening and acts upon the valve-closure element by a restoring force in the direction of the valve seat. The restoring spring has at least one holding coil in a region of the inflow side, whose area of cross section is positioned perpendicular to an area of cross section of the restoring spring.

Abstract: A high-pressure fuel pump control device is capable of reducing current consumption, increasing pump durability, and promoting a rise of fuel pressure from startup. The high-pressure fuel pump control device comprises a fuel injector valve for directly injecting fuel in a common rail into a combustion chamber and a high-pressure fuel pump for feeding the fuel under pressure to the common rail. The high-pressure fuel pump comprises a pressurization chamber, a plunger for pressurizing the fuel in the pressurization chamber, a fuel passage valve disposed in the pressurization chamber, and an actuator for actuating the fuel passage valve. The control device includes a control unit for executing output control of a drive signal for the actuator to vary a discharge rate of the high-pressure fuel pump.

Abstract: A fluid apparatus, which is provided for supplying fluid into an internal combustion engine, includes an upstream pump, which is electrically driven, having an outlet port. The fluid apparatus furtehr includes a downstream pump, which is electrically driven, having an inlet port that is connected with the outlet port in series. The fluid apparatus further includes an open-close unit. The open-close unit communicates a fluid passage through which the upstream pump supplies fluid to the internal combustion engine when the downstream pomp stops. The open-close unit blocks the fluid passage when the downstream pomp operates.

Abstract: A fuel injection controller calculates a fuel pressure-feeding start angle of a fuel pump as a valve opening start angle of a metering valve, which regulates a discharge amount, by adding a base angle and a feedback correction value. The base angle is calculated in accordance with a command injection amount and target fuel pressure based on a basic map. The feedback correction value is calculated based on differential pressure between sensed fuel pressure and the target fuel pressure. If an abnormality is caused in either one of two metering valves, the base angle is calculated based on an abnormal period map instead of the basic map. Thus, controllability of the fuel pressure is maintained high even when the abnormality is caused in a part of multiple pressure-feeding systems including multiple plungers of the fuel pump.

Abstract: A fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine includes at least one fuel injector which communicates via a fuel inlet with a fuel supply line that communicates with a source of fuel that is at high pressure; the fuel injector includes a valve control unit and a nozzle unit, and a fuel conduit communicating with the fuel supply line leads to the nozzle unit. A check valve which blocks a fuel flow in the direction of the fuel supply line is disposed in the fuel conduit.

Abstract: An injector mounting arrangement for use in an engine, the injector mounting arrangement including: a fuel injector having one or more resonant modes of vibration, an engine cylinder housing, and a clamping arrangement including a clamping member for applying a clamping load to the injector so as to clamp the injector to the cylinder housing wherein the clamping load is applied at or substantially at a vibration node of one of the one or more modes of vibration of the fuel injector so as to damp or substantially prevent transmission of injector generated noise to the cylinder housing.

Abstract: A common rail injector having an injector housing having a fuel supply line which communicates with a central high-pressure fuel source outside the injector housing and with a pressure chamber inside the injector housing, from which pressure chamber, as a function of the position of a 3/2-way control valve, fuel subjected to high pressure is injected. The 3/2 way control valve, includes a valve piston, movable back and forth in the injector housing between a position of repose and an injection position, which piston is coupled hydraulically with a piezoelectric actuator that is subjected to the pressure from the high-pressure fuel source.

Abstract: Actuating mechanism for hydraulically driven pump-injectors for internal combustion engines specifically for diesels, which in order to reduce dimensions of pump-injector body, comprises pressure intensifier with several power pistons and a pumping plunger.

Abstract: Prior art fuel line check valves remain closed after engine off and cool down. Diurnal heating and the resultant pressure increase in the fuel line causes fuel vapor emissions through small openings in the fuel line (e.g., at the injector tips). The invention provides a check valve for a vehicle fuel line which opens in response to engine cooling and remains open while the engine is off to relieve subsequent increasing pressure in the fuel line due to diurnal heating thereof.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is supplied with combustion air via an inlet manifold. A throttle valve controls the amount of air admitted to the combustion chamber. A fuel injector is provided for injecting liquid fuel into the airflow in the inlet manifold downstream of the throttle valve. A vaporiser is located upstream of the throttle valve. Under light load conditions most if not all of the fuel required by the engine is supplied by the vaporiser. The throttle valve will accordingly be wider open, for any particular power output, than it would be if it controlled only combustion air. At high power outputs (typically after the throttle valve has reached a wide-open state) fuel is supplied by the injector 11 and the output of the vaporiser is reduced so that more air can be admitted to the cylinder for effective combustion of the liquid fuel supplied through the injector.

Abstract: A device for cooling exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine comprises a plurality of flow ducts which are connected to an exhaust gas recirculation system of the internal combustion engine, a heat exchanger for a coolant to flow around the flow ducts in order to dissipate the exhaust gas heat, and an insert 7, 7? which is arranged within at least one of the flow ducts. The insert 7, 7? is in thermal contact with the flow duct such that the exhaust gas flows at least partially around the insert. The insert 7, 7? has profiled fins 8, 8?, with profiles 9, 9? which are successive in the flow direction of the exhaust gas being arranged so as to be laterally offset relative to one another.

Abstract: An engine equipped with an air-intake device for a personal watercraft, includes a cylinder head cover attached to an upper surface of a cylinder head, a plug cap with ignition coil configured to protrude upward from an upper surface of the cylinder head cover; and an air box for the air-intake device that is disposed above the cylinder head cover and is provided on a lower surface thereof with an air inlet that opens to be opposite to the upper surface of the cylinder head cover. The air box is disposed in such a manner that the lower surface of the air box is opposite to the upper surface of the cylinder head cover and a gap is formed between the lower surface of the air box and the upper surface of the cylinder head cover so as to form an air flow in the vicinity of the plug cap with ignition coil that is directed to the air inlet of the air box.

Abstract: A technique of controlling an air-fuel ration for an engine, in which an air-fuel ratio feedback correction coefficient ? to correct an amount of fuel injection into the engine is computed based on an output from an air-fuel ratio sensor disposed on an upstream side of a catalytic converter. A gain of the air-fuel ratio feedback correction coefficient ? in respect to a detection result of the air-fuel ratio sensor is decreased as a delay in a transient response of the air-fuel ratio sensor occurs. Thus, an excessive increase in the amount of fuel injection immediately after fuel cuts is prevented.

Abstract: A bow having an increased powerstroke allowing for reduced draw weight and increased speed. The bow is provided with a riser and a pair of limbs. A pulley is coupled to one limb and a cam is coupled to the other at a first journal point and second journal point respectively. The powerstroke is increased by locating the bowstring on the pulley and cam between the riser and the journal points.

Abstract: A FIXED IN-LINE ARROW HOLDER consisting of a horizontal section 1, a corner section 2, a vertical section 3, a cross member section 4 and multiple arrow attachment points 6. When assembled and attached to an archery bow 11, the FIXED IN-LINE ARROW HOLDER provides a means for accepting and temporarily holding an second archery arrow 9 in close proximity to and in-line with another archery arrow 10 already loaded into shooting position on said archery bow 11. Having a second archery arrow 9 held in this position, will allow the second archery arrow 9 to be loaded into the shooting position with less motion and time than if the second archery arrow 9 was located further away.

Abstract: A drop-away arrow rest including an arrow support that rotates in a vertical plane about a horizontal axis parallel to of a supported arrow. The rest can include a bias member and a connector joined with an upward moving bowstring portion and/or a downward moving bowstring portion. The bias member urges the support to a support position and/or a rest position. Movement of a bowstring portion correspondingly moves the connector so that the connector moves the support about an axis that is substantially parallel to a supported arrow, thereby moving the support to at least one of a support position and a rest position. Optionally, an indicator indicates when the support is in the support position. Further optionally, the connector can be secured to a connector device defining an aperture and joined with a bowstring portion.

Abstract: A table tennis ball service machine includes a ball-collecting unit, a control valve and a ball service mechanism. The ball-collecting unit has a ball-collecting groove connected with ping pong table and having its rear side provided with a blocking net and its lower side connected with a ball-collecting tube and a ball-feeding tube. The control valve is positioned at the lower end of the ball-collecting tube for controlling dropping of balls. The ball service mechanism connected with the upper side of the ball-feeding tube includes a ball service tube, a blower, a support frame, a universal joint, a cam and a motor. The ball serving tube has its outer end extending through the blocking net and formed with an outlet and its rear side formed with an inlet communicating with the ball-feeding tube. Thus, the ball serving speed and the angle can be controlled.

Abstract: A rotatable cutting tool unit of a tool assembly for a cutting machine that is used in conjunction with an associated method of cutting provides several novel aspects. The tool arrangement, which includes two tool units, includes first and second disk-shaped tools rotatable about an axis. The tools define maximum tool arrangement boundaries along the axis. A driving arrangement, at an axial location between the first and second tools, supports the first and second tools for rotation and transfers driving force. A radially outer periphery of the driving arrangement is at a radius less than a radius of a peripheral cutting edge portion of the first tool and less than a radius of a peripheral cutting edge portion of the second tool.

Abstract: A skid plate for a concrete saw is integrally cast having two end mounting portions and a middle portion with a slot in the middle portion. A horizontal slot in a leading end mounting portion cooperates and a vertical slot in the trailing end portion releasably engage pins on the saw to allow the skid plate to be easily fastened to and removed from the saw. A spring loaded latch mechanism holds the pins in the slots.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a gas generating device that can initiate the reaction of a liquid-reactive chemical at a specified time, and stop the supply of the reaction liquid at a specified time, so that generation of a gas by the liquid-reactive chemical can be promoted after workers have finished loading fruits, vegetables, or other produce into a treatment chamber, and a personnel-free sealed state has been formed in the treatment chamber.

Abstract: An outdoor oven adapted for use as an old-world style brick oven, a traditional gas grill, or a traditional charcoal grill. The outdoor oven comprises a cooking chamber, at least one gas burner positioned below the cooking chamber, a thermostat operatively connected to the burners for controlling the temperature of the cooking chamber when operated in the oven mode, means for positioning at least one removable cooking tile above the burner, a subfloor mounted to the oven housing between the burner and the cooking chamber. The subfloor has a plurality of openings formed therein through which heated air flows upward toward the bottom surface of the cooking tiles from the burners; and at least one removable insert portion and an outer portion mounted to the oven housing. The oven further provides means for supporting at least one removable grill rack above the burner for use when operated in the grill mode with the cooking tiles and removable insert of the subfloor removed.

Abstract: A barbecue stove includes a plate and a plurality of burning units installed below the plate. Each of the burning units includes a tubular distributor and a plurality of burners. The tubular distributor includes a plurality of pipes formed thereon. Each of the burners includes a neck positioned around related one of the pipes and a plurality of vents evenly defined in a periphery thereof.

Abstract: The invention is related a barbecue stove with burner, which comprises a stove having an internal space for accommodating solid fuel and meat to be broiled, an opening being formed on a peripheral wall of the stove, and an end of an external bracket secured near the peripheral wall of the stove proximate the opening and the other end thereof provided with a burner. By moving the external bracket, the external bracket carries a nozzle of the burner through the opening into the space for burning the solid fuel. Alternatively, it is adapted to move the burner away from the opening of the stove in a non-operating status. By utilizing this barbecue stove, either the nozzle will not be activated of the burning in the stove for a relatively long time or the nozzle will not be clogged by food residue or grease. As a result, the burner will remain its burning function.

Abstract: A cart suitable for supporting a grill, including a firebox. The cart has four panels each of which has all four of its edges bent to form a flange that provides structural rigidity and a connection feature for facilitating the assembly of the cart. Two opposing side panels are carried by and preferably welded to a respective side frame. The side frames are joined by upper crossbars, one at the front of the cart and a second at the rear of the cart. A bottom panel fits into and is carried by troughs formed by upturned lips on the lower edges of the side panels. The structural integrity and racking strength of the cart is enhanced by the attachment of a rear panels, which has a lower lip that locks into engagement with the rear edge of the bottom panel. The top edge of the rear panel is fastened to the rear upper crossbar to complete the basic structure of the cart. Hooks welded to the side frames allow easy and secure attachment of side and front attachments to the cart.

Abstract: A pipe coupling for components of a venting system comprising a male pipe member on an end of a first component and a female pipe member on a corresponding end of a second component. The male pipe member comprises an inner flue pipe having a compressible gasket surrounding the inner flue pipe proximate an external end of the inner flue pipe, an external venting pipe surrounding the inner flue pipe and brackets linking the inner flue pipe to the external venting pipe. The female pipe member receives the male pipe member and comprises an inner flue sleeve being sized larger than the outer diameter of the flue pipe at an outer end of the sleeve. The inner flue sleeve remains in circumferential contact with the compressible gasket when the male pipe member is inserted into the female pipe member.

Abstract: This invention relates to a heating device consisting of at least one burner for the combustion especially of a gaseous fuel, at least one radiant tube connecting to the burner, at least one fan generating a negative pressure or an excess pressure in the radiant tube, and at least one exhaust gas recirculation system with at least one exhaust gas recirculation passage through which an exhaust gas produced during the combustion of the primary fuel can be recirculated from the radiant tube to a transition zone from the burner into the radiant tube. In order to further develop a heating device of this type as well as a method for its operation the burner is adapted for being operated in at least two power stages and the exhaust gas recirculation system is controlled in dependence of the power stages of the burner in such a way that the volume flow of the recirculated exhaust gas is reduced with an increasing power stage of the burner.

Abstract: A self-heating package for pre-cooked foods of the type comprising a container (1) attached to a receptacle (2), both of these (1, 2) being housed within an outer container (3) that is resistant to high temperatures. The receptacle (2) has on its lower side a slitting (21) around an inner striker (22). Said striker (22) has several pins (23) upon which a water bag (5) is arranged, the remaining volume of the receptacle (2) being filled with an exothermal reactive product (6) that is in contact with the water. This product is solid state or powdered calcium oxide, such that when the user presses against the bottom of the receptacle (2) the striker (22) is shifted against the bag (5) until breaking said bag (5), the water then coming into contact with the reactive product (6), and thus causing the container (1) and the food content to be heated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a kitchen ventilation system to which a fan having a positive pressure-to-output characteristic is applied. More particularly, the present invention relates to a system for maximizing efficiency of exhausting polluted air at minimum costs by applying a fan having a positive pressure-to-output characteristic to a hood, to improve a ventilation system which is installed vertically in an apartment house to discharge polluted air from kitchen hoods on respective floors to the top of an exhaust duct. The kitchen ventilation system of the present invention comprises an exhaust duct 100 provided at one side of an apartment house, and a hood 200 which is provided in the kitchen on each floor and includes a fan 210 having a positive pressure-to-output characteristic to collect surrounding air and discharge the collected air to the exhaust duct 100.

Abstract: A vent system for venting hot gas and effluents from a cooking appliance. The vent system includes a first direct vent structure having an inlet for receiving hot gas and effluents and an outlet communicating with atmosphere. The first direct vent structure defines a first flow path. At least one effluent-removal device is positioned in the first flow path for removing effluents from the hot gas. An atmospheric flue communicates with the outlet of the first direct vent structure for venting hot gas to atmosphere after it has passed through the effluent-removal device. A damper system and integrated control system are also disclosed.