Abstract: A magneto-resistance effect head is provided with a lower conductive layer which is provided with a recessed portion, and a vertical bias layer is provided in the recessed portion. A free layer is provided on the lower conductive layer. On the free layer, layered in the following order are the non-magnetic layer, the fixed layer, the fixing layer, and the upper layer so as not to be placed immediately above the vertical bias layer. Furthermore, an upper conductive layer is provided on the upper layer and an insulation layer. In the direction of the magnetic field applied by the vertical bias layer, the free layer is made greater in length than the fixed layer and the free layer is disposed in proximity to the vertical bias layer with the distance between the fixed layer and the vertical bias layer remaining unchanged.

Abstract: A magnetic recording/reproducing apparatus has a magnetoresistive head having a magnetoresistive film through which a current is flowed in a direction substantially perpendicular to a film plane and a pair of magnetic shields disposed to sandwich the magnetoresistive film, and a preamplifier which supplies a sense current to the magnetoresistive head in constant-current driving.

Abstract: A semiconductor device for locally protecting an integrated circuit input/output (I/O) pad (301) against ESD events, when the I/O pad is located between a power pad (303) and a ground potential pad (305a). A first diode (311) and a second diode (312) are connected in series, the anode (311b) of the series connected to the I/O pad and the cathode (312a) connected to the power pad. A third diode (304) has its anode (304b) tied to the ground pad and its cathode (304a) tied to the I/O pad. A string (320) of at least one diode has its anode (321b) connected to the series between the first and second diode (node 313), isolated from the I/O pad, and its cathode (323a) connected to the ground pad. The string (320) may comprise three or more diodes.

Abstract: A semiconductor IC has a current detection resistor and a comparison circuit for comparing the voltage drop across the current detection resistor with a threshold voltage to detect a possibly large magnitude of current passing through the current detection resistor. The semiconductor IC has a current terminal for externally inputting current to the current detection resistor, a highly resistive current-limiting resistor connected between the current detection resistor and one input end of the comparison circuit, and a measurement terminal connected to the node of the input terminal of the comparison circuit and the current limiting resistor. Thus, the magnitude of the current flowing through the measurement resistor is correctly measured without being influenced by the parasitic resistances of the terminals or of the test probe used.

Abstract: Apparatus are provided for robust power take off (PTO) and/or cruise enable. The apparatus includes a control module for PTO enable having a first input connected to one of a first reference voltage and a second reference voltage, and a second input connected to one of the first reference voltage and the second reference voltage. An inverse reference voltage operator is connected to both of the inputs and configured such that the second input is connected to the second reference voltage when the first input is connected to the first reference voltage and the second input is connected to the first reference voltage when the first input is connected to the second reference voltage. Based on the received voltage at the first and second inputs, the control module enables/disables PTO and/or cruise.

Abstract: A lightning protection system for protecting composite structures and a method of protecting composite structures from lightning strikes. A dielectric ply is fixed above and completely covers metal surface features, e.g., skin fasteners through a composite skin to a wing fuel tank. A conductive ply is fixed above and completely covers the dielectric ply and extends to an external connection to a platform ground. The conductive ply directs current from lightning strikes away from metal surface features, e.g., to the platform ground. Both plies may be adhesively backed and sequentially pressed into place.

Abstract: A capacitive transducer of multi-layer construction includes two rotor plates supported by flexible springs, the plates being spaced apart and rigidly connected by a stem. One rotor plate my be used as either a pickup electrode or a grounded target electrode for determining position, displacement, or load force. The second rotor plate may be used for electrostatic actuation without interfering with or destroying circuitry associated with the first rotor plate. A number of improvements are disclosed including a hollow rotor plate structure for reduced moving mass, buckling resistant features for the springs, improved spring anchor joint design for reduced creep and hysteresis, and material selection and matching for reduced thermal sensitivity.

Abstract: A metal alloy powder containing at least two alloying elements selected from the group of Ni, Cu, Cr, Sn, Mn, Co and W containing 1 to 99% by weight Ni, 1 to 99% by weight Cu, 6 to 60% by weight Cr, 6 to 15% by weight Sn, 6 to 15% by weight Mn, 6 to 15% by weight Co, and/or 6 to 15% by weight W for use in laminated ceramic capacitors with an internal electrode wherein said electrode comprises a sintered body of said alloy powder. A metal alloy powder containing at least two alloying elements selected from the group of Ni, Cu, Cr, Sn, Mn, Co and W wherein the onset of oxidation of the alloy powder occurs above about 250° C.

Abstract: A capacitor with conductive layers arranged in parallel relationship. The conductive layers have nickel alloyed or add mixed with a refractory metal in an amount sufficient to raise the melting temperature of said conductive layer at least 1° C. above the melting temperature of nickel. A dielectric layers is between the conductive layers. Alternating layers of said conductive layers are in electrical contact with external terminations of opposing polarity.

Abstract: An objective is to provide a multilayer filter capable of preventing an electric current rapidly flowing by virtue of varistor effect, from passing as noise, upon application of noise of a high voltage over a varistor voltage to its input. A multilayer filter has an inductor part 10 and a varistor part 20 in a laminate 2, and the inductor part 10 has the DC resistance of 4 ?-100 ?. This prevents an electric current rapidly flowing by virtue of the varistor effect, from passing as noise, upon application of noise of a high voltage over the varistor voltage to the input.

Abstract: A solid electrolytic capacitor includes a capacitor unit having a cathode frame coupled to a cathode part of a capacitor element, and anode frames formed at the opposite sides of the capacitor unit sandwiching a cathode frame, and coupled to an anode part of the capacitor element. Flat parts provided at the opposite ends of anode terminals are coupled to the anode frames. A flat part provided in the center of a cathode terminal is coupled to the cathode frame. The capacitor unit is covered with coating resin. The solid electrolytic capacitor has a simplified structure and a lower ESL.

Abstract: A portable DVD player with a built-in battery located in compartments disposed on opposite sides of the axle on which the DVD is located. The compartments contain the batteries and the closures for the compartments and are secured to the main body to positively locate the batteries in position.

Abstract: A cabinet (10) that provides full access to equipment (12) mounted therein broadly comprises a housing (13) for housing the equipment (12), an access door (24) for selectively protecting the equipment (12), a rack (40) for supporting the equipment (12), and a frame (60) for rotatably and slidably supporting the rack (40). The rack (40) preferably includes two vertical members (42,44) spaced apart such that the equipment (12) mounts between the vertical members (42,44), and top and bottom crossbars (46,48) rigidly separating the vertical members (42,44). The frame (60) preferably includes a substantially vertical support (66) presenting a substantially horizontal flange (70), and a substantially horizontal shelf (68) extending from the vertical support (66) below the rack (40). The rack (40) is rotatably secured to the frame (60) through vertical axles (72,74) and rigidly fixed by a locking mechanism (80) for selectively preventing rotation of the rack (40).

Abstract: A keypad of a portable wireless terminal includes a sheet having a plurality of holes, a plurality of keys inserted into respective ones of the holes, and a silicon adhesive layer on a lower surface of the sheet to fix the keys to the sheet. A protrusion at a lower surface thereof contacts a dome switch. The keys are firmly mounted at a precise position, and more beautiful design can be realized since a decoration line or a decoration shape can be easily formed to set an appearance of the keys.

Abstract: A portable computer having a display connected to a main body, the display rotating to be adjusted to a closed position and to a tablet operation position. Arm links between the main body and the display connect the display with the main body. Display hinges are between the display and a first end of each of the arm links and by which the display rotates about the arm links centering on a first rotation axis. Main body hinges are between the main body and a second end each of the arm links and by which the arm links rotates about the main body centering on a second rotation axis parallel with and spaced from the first rotation axis. A connecting link connected to each of the main body hinges to rotate about the main body centering on the second rotation axis together with the arm links.

Abstract: A mounting structure for attaching a display panel (200) to a cover (100) of a display, comprising: a plurality of attaching portions (210) provided at a circumference of the display panel (200), each of the attaching portions including a screw hole penetrating thicknesswise of the display panel (200) and also including a guide wall formed on the surface of the display panel (200) facing the cover (100), the guide wall (230) surrounding the screw hole and extending thicknesswise of the display panel (200); and a plurality of bosses (300) vertically formed at the cover (100) and extending thicknesswise of the display panel (200), corresponding to a respective one of the attaching portions (210) for receiving screws, each of the bosses (300) integrally formed with at least two guide members (330, 340) that elastically contact the guide wall (230) and elastically deformed in a direction across an axis of the boss (300); wherein when the guide members (330, 340) of each of the bosses (300) come into elastic conta

Abstract: A computer with a detachable main casing cover and a method of assembling the same comprises a main casing formed with an opening through which a plurality of hardware components are accommodated therein. The cover is connected to the main casing and is configured to open and close the opening. A hinge is provided between the main casing and the cover. The hinge connects the cover with the main casing to allow the cover to rotatably open and close the opening of the main casing. Additionally, an engaging portion is provided in an engaging region between the main casing and the cover and prevents the cover from rotating relative to the main casing.

Abstract: A panel hingedly connected to the body of a computer that includes an optical disc drive in electrical communication with the computer is provided.

Abstract: A mounting apparatus for drive bracket comprises a chassis (70) forming a front plate (73), a drive bracket (10) mounted on the chassis and a locking device (30). The drive bracket comprises a joint plate (26), and the joint plate comprises a confining hole (18) and a baffle (24) therein. The locking device comprises a sliding portion (32) slidably mounted to the front plate and an elastic patch (46) arranged on the sliding portion, a confining patch (34) is attached to the upper edge of the sliding portion and a locking patch (44) extends downwardly from the bottom edge of the sliding portion. When assembling, the drive bracket stays in the chassis, the confining patch is engaging in the confining hole, the elastic patch presses the baffle; when disassembling the drive bracket is pushed outwardly by the elastic patch pressing the baffle.

Abstract: A heat dissipation device includes a heat sink (22), a first fan (24) disposed on one part of the heat sink, a second fan (26) disposed on another part of the heat sink and a cover (30) disposed to enclose the heat sink, the first fan and the second fan. The second fan draws the air produced by the first fan and flowing through the heat sink to quickly leave the heat sink.

Abstract: A heat dissipation device is for use in a computer enclosure, the computer enclosure having a group of wires (20) therein. The heat dissipation device includes a heat sink assembly. A wire fixture (60) is mounted on the heat sink assembly and configured for fixing the wires thereto. The wire fixture includes a mounting plate (62) positioned on the heat sink assembly. A bridge (624) projects from the mounting plate to form a receiving room (625) below the bridge. The wires are securely bound together via the wire fixture so as not to be loosened by vibration.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an integrated circuit (IC) package and a heat sink having a base and a plurality of fins extending from the base. The apparatus further includes a plurality of heat pipes. Each heat pipe has a first end and a second end. The first ends of the heat pipes are thermally coupled to the IC package, and the second ends of the heat pipes are thermally coupled to the base of the heat sink to transfer heat from the IC package to the heat sink.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus and method of fabrication are provided for facilitating removal of heat from a heat generating electronic device. The cooling apparatus includes an integrated coolant inlet and outlet manifold having a plurality of inlet orifices for injecting coolant onto a surface to be cooled, and a plurality of outlet openings for exhausting coolant after impinging on the surface to be cooled. The inlet orifices and the outlet openings are interspersed in a common surface of the integrated manifold. A plurality of exit openings are also provided on at least one edge surface of the manifold. These exit openings are in fluid communication through the manifold with the outlet openings to facilitate exhausting of coolant through the outlet openings and minimize pressure drop through the manifold. At least one surface plane projection of the at least one edge surface intersects a surface plane projection of the common surface.

Abstract: A microchannel heat sink as well as method includes one or more microchannels through which a working fluid flows to remove heat from a heat-generating component, such as a microelectronic chip, and one or more recesses disposed in a surface communicated to the one or more of the microchannel to enhance heat transfer rate of the microchannel heat sink. The recesses can be located in a surface of a cover that closes off the microchannels. The one or more recesses can be located at one or more local hot spot regions to enhance heat transfer rates at the local regions as well as overall heat removal rate of the heat sink.

Abstract: The invention discloses a heat dissipation module. The heat dissipation module includes two separate cases and a porous structure. The cases are U-shaped and correspondingly connect to each other to form a sealed chamber. The porous structure is formed on an inner surface of the chamber. The heat dissipation module further includes at least one heat conducting structure connected to an exterior surface of the sealed chamber. The heat conducting structure may be fins or heat conducting plates connected to the chamber by welding, locking, fitting, engaging, or adhering.

Abstract: Provided is a computer. The computer includes: a plurality of parts including heat-generating components that generate heat during operation; a case in which the parts are installed; and one or more heat-dissipating plates separated from the case by a predetermined distance and facing the case; wherein the heat-generating components include a central processing unit and a power supply, and the central processing unit and the power supply are each thermally connected to the heat-dissipating plates so that heat generated by the central processing unit and the power supply can be dissipated to the outside of the case via the heat-dissipating plates. Accordingly, the heat-generating components installed in the case can be noiselessly and efficiently cooled without using cooling fans.

Abstract: A heat dissipation device comprises a seat for absorbing heat from a heat generating device. At least a heat pipe has a first section thereof thermally combined to the seat, and two second sections thereof extending from the first section and remotely from the seat. Pluralities of heat sinks are located on the seat. Each of the pluralities of heat sinks has a base and a plurality of fins integrally extending from the base and is made of aluminum extrusion. The bases of the heat sinks thermally sandwich the two second sections of the at least a heat pipe therebetween. At least one of the bases of the heat sinks is angled or perpendicular to the seat.

Abstract: A heat sink assembly of the present invention includes a printed circuit board (10), a retention module (20), four pins (30), a heat sink (40) and a clip (50). The printed circuit board (10) has an electronic package (100) mounted thereon. The retention module (20) is integrally formed, substantially rectangular, and has a symmetrical configuration. The retention module (20) defines an opening (26) therein for surrounding the electronic package (100). Four positioning holes (28) are defined in four corners of the retention module (20). In assembly of the heat sink assembly, the pins (30) are interferentially positioned in the positioning holes (28) of the retention module (20). Portions of the pins (30) extending out beyond the retention module (20) are welded to the printed circuit board (10). The clip (50) cooperates with the retention module (20) to press the heat sink (40) against the electronic package (100).

Abstract: Provided is a resistor for controlling a fan motor rotating speed for use in an air conditioner. The resistor comprises a base body, a radiator attached to a top portion of the base body, a printed resistor circuit board covered with insulating sheets and received within the radiator, a fixture plate placed on a front surface of the radiator to isolate the printed resistor circuit board from the outside, and a temperature fuse spot-welded to upper connecting tip ends of the printed resistor circuit board at a top portion of the radiator. A fastener portion of an arc shape is formed on a top portion of the fixture plate to wrap around and fixedly support the temperature fuse. This reduces the manufacturing cost of the resistor, while improving the manufacturability and reliability thereof.

Abstract: A secure device for a heat dissipating component provides a base body with a plurality of engaging members attached to two lateral sides thereof. Each of the engaging members further has a secure part and a follower part for clamping the heat dissipating component.

Abstract: A thermal conducting device removes heat from a power dissipating device installed within a case, and includes a base coupled to the power dissipating device and a translational portion that is movable in a vertical dimension. The translational portion couples at an upper surface to the inner surface of the case panel. A cavity and piston in the base and the translating portion may provide complementary guide surfaces to constrain movement of the translational portion generally to a vertical dimension. A biasing element may urge the translational portion upward. The translational portion and the external panel may allow movement of their respective surfaces relative to one another. The cavity may include a port allowing air to pass into and out of the cavity. The upper surface of the translational portion may be tiltable with respect to the base. An adhesive layer may couple the base and the power dissipating device.

Abstract: A bracing apparatus is disclosed that has a component located within an opening in a cantilevered end of a heatsink. The component has a form factor that is expandable for stabilizing the heatsink at a given elevation relative to a printed circuit board. The bracing apparatus includes a tensioning device located within an opening in the component. When deployed, the tensioning device causes the component to expand. Also included in the bracing apparatus is a coupling medium for coupling the component to the printed circuit board.

Abstract: A heat sink conduction apparatus is disclosed. The heat sink conduction apparatus is utilized in the heat sink assembly of an electronic device to thermal conduct with a heat source component. The apparatus comprises a thermal pad and a clip. The side of the thermal pad, where is connected with the heat source component, has at least one buckle pillar and one screw pillar. The clip includes a pair of spring plates and a pair of beams; each of the spring plate corresponding to each of the buckle pillar has a buckle and corresponding to each of the screw pillar has a screwed hole. The thermal pad supported a clip by the buckle pillar and the screw pillar, via the connection of the clip with the buckle pillar and the screw pillar, the heat source component can be fixed and make the surface of the heat source component to connect with the thermal pad in heat conductive manner.

Abstract: An electrical contactor draw out tray has a movable frame and a stationary frame in which the movable frame carries the electrical components for an electrical feeder circuit. The stationary frame is preferably housed within a power distribution center and has input terminals for the incoming electrical power and output terminals for delivering electrical power to equipment operating on the feeder circuit. The movable frame carries the contactors that control the flow of electricity through the apparatus as well as the electrical components to monitor conditions of the apparatus and various parameters for the electricity carried therein to for conditions such as short circuits, overloads, ground faults, overvoltages and undervoltages. A disconnect mechanism locks the movable frame relative the stationary frame and provides a primary means for disengaging electrical flow through the apparatus.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the invention, an apparatus includes a housing having a front side and a bottom side adjacent the front side. The apparatus also includes a plurality of light generating devices each operable to generate light in response to operation of a particular component of the apparatus. The apparatus also includes a plurality of light pipes each associated with a respective ones of the light generating devices and operable to display light generated by the respective light generating device such that the light is visible on the front side and on the bottom side of the housing. According to another embodiment, an apparatus includes a housing having at least one heat sink disposed therein and overlying a component of the apparatus. The apparatus also includes at least one heat sink having a base and a plurality of fins extending from the base.

Abstract: A card cage system is provided that includes a middle card guide interposed between two end card guides in an electronic equipment enclosure. Each of the card guides includes one or more channels adapted to receive a card edge. The middle card guide includes a removable adapter element that can permit insertion of two single wide cards in a side-by-side arrangement. When the adapter element is removed, a double-wide card can be received in the middle card guide such that it straddles the middle card guide. One or more elongate members can also be inserted in any of the card guides to add vertical or lateral stability. Thus, the card guide can be readily customized to accommodate a variety of card types and sizes, in various arrangements.

Abstract: A device, apparatus and printed circuit board assembly for removably coupling an electrical component with a PCB are described, which provides adequate electromechanical capability, is relatively insensitive to related heating, component removability, replacability and reworkability while minimizing wear and the possibility of resizing and damage. The device includes a sleeve for coupling with a component pin, which encloses the pin and further couples to a conductive barrel interconnecting multiple PCB layers. The sleeve conforms upon insertion within the barrel to its contour. A flange at an end of the sleeve deters over-insertion. The coupling so formed can be gas-tight.

Abstract: According to the invention, even when high-speed differential signal pins are arranged on the inner side of a BGA, they can be wired on a printed wiring board at a low cost. In a multi-terminal device (1) having one surface where a large number of connection terminals are arrayed planarly, terminals (3) that need not be electrically connected individually are arranged between differential signal terminals (2) of the multi-terminal device and the periphery of the multi-terminal device.

Abstract: In a multi-device holding structure for integrally holding two heat generative elements which are transistors having through-holes so as to be mounted on a base plate, and a heat sensitive element which is a temperature fuse sandwiched between the heat sensitive elements and is mounted on the base plate, the heat generative elements and the heat sensitive element are covered with a metallic holding member provided with first flat spring segments for urging the heat generative elements on both ends as well as inserting segments extending upward and inserted into the through-holes, and second flat spring segments for supporting the sides of the heat sensitive element.

Abstract: A vent grid has parallel first electrically-conductive members and parallel second electrically-conductive members intersecting with the first electrically-conductive members. The intersection between the first and second electrically-conductive members is forced to have a larger cross-sectional area. The characteristic impedance thus increases. The electric current flowing through the first and second electrically-conductive members turns over at the boundary between the intersection and the first and second electrically-conductive members. The flow of the electric current is in this manner interrupted. Accordingly, the vent grid fails to induce electromagnetic wave. Moreover, the electrically-conductive piece is merely located at a corner of the opening. Decrease in the percentage of the opening is thus suppressed to the utmost per a unit area. A sufficient airflow can be established through the vent grid. Decrease in the cooling efficiency and performance can be suppressed.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a circuit board (20) and a shielding cove (10). The circuit board includes a plurality of mounting holes (26), a first surface (22), a second surface (24) opposite to the first surface, and at least one electronic component (28). The shield includes a top wall (12), a pair of first sidewalls (14) and a pair of second sidewalls (16) opposite to the first sidewalls. The top wall, the first sidewalls and the second sidewalls cooperatively bound a receiving portion (18) for receiving the electronic component. At least one mounting portion (162) extends from each of the second sidewalls, corresponding to the mounting holes of the circuit board.

Abstract: The invention provides a 12-pulse converter comprising an autotransformer having a primary winding connected in a delta configuration and two secondary windings connected in star configurations, the two secondary windings being connected to two rectifier bridges that are enabled to operate in parallel by two interphase chokes, the converter further comprising means for generating an additional magnetic leakage flux in at least one of the interphase chokes so as to incorporate a smoothing choke therein.

Abstract: There is provided a power source apparatus that includes a master circuit and a slave circuit provided in parallel and outputs an electric current that adds an electric current output from the master circuit and an electric current output from the slave circuit as a power-supply current. The master circuit includes: a main circuit side output section operable to output an electric current depending on a given voltage; a main circuit side reference power source operable to generate a reference voltage corresponding to a power-supply voltage that the power source apparatus is to output; and a main circuit side control section operable to supply the voltage corresponding to the reference voltage to the main circuit side output section in order to control the current output from the main circuit side output section.

Abstract: A multiple DC-to-AC inverter system, which is suitable for an electric or hybrid vehicle application, includes a plurality of inverters controlled by a single controller. One example embodiment includes four three-phase inverters driving one six-phase motor, where the output of the first inverter is coupled to the output of the fourth inverter and the output of the second inverter is coupled to the output of the third inverter. In response to the failure of an inverter, the drive signals to the inverter that is coupled to the faulty inverter are updated such that the partner inverter can remain active without being driven into an over-current condition.

Abstract: A heavy duty cycle power converter (2) has current mode control in which the closed loop control is carried out by a controller (5) using a desired signal (11) which is a function of the difference between the desired duty cycle (7) and the measured duty cycle (6). This fluctuates current mode control without voltage feedback.

Abstract: A CAM unit has a memory array for storing storage data, and a RAM unit has a memory array for storing the same storage data and check bits added thereto for determining whether the storage data in its memory array has an error. An error correction circuit uses the check bits to correct any error of data read from the memory array of the RAM unit and rewrite the error-corrected data to the memory arrays. Even if a soft error occurs in the storage data, the check bits can be used to correct the error in the data and rewrite the error-corrected data. Thus, a matching comparison can be performed on the storage data with high reliability.

Abstract: A content addressable memory (CAM) device. For one embodiment, the CAM device includes a CAM array having a plurality of columns of CAM cells, a plurality of storage elements, each for storing a column pass/fail signal indicating whether a corresponding column of CAM cells is designated as good or as bad, and a test circuit having an output coupled to the storage elements, and configured to generate the column pass/fail signals during a column test sequence.

Abstract: A technique to pre-charge a CAM block array that includes a plurality of CAM blocks that is organized into at least one rectangular array having rows each having a plurality of CAM blocks, a group of CAM cells and associated read/write bit lines connecting the group of CAM cells to a write/search driver and one or more precharge circuits. In one example embodiment, this is accomplished by precharging each read/write bit line substantially after completing a read cycle using the one or more precharge circuits. Then, precharging each read/write bit line substantially after completing a write cycle using a write/search bit line decoder and driver circuit, followed by precharging each search bit line in the CAM block array using the write/search bit line decoder and driver circuit substantially after completing a search operation.

Abstract: A memory/logic cell layout structure includes a pair of memory/logic cells formed on a substrate. Each memory/logic cell (102, 104) can include a pair of memory areas to store data (106-0/106-1, 106-2/106-3), and a logic portion (108-0, 108-1) that receives the data stored therein. Memory areas and the logic portions of each memory/logic cell can be arranged on the substrate in a shape of an L, U, S, T, or Z to form a pair of interlocking memory/logic cells.

Abstract: A system and method for sensing a data state stored by a memory cell that includes coupling a first digit line and a second digit line to a precharge voltage and further coupling a memory cell to the first digit line. At least one digit line other than the first and second digit lines is driven to a reference voltage level and the at least one digit line is coupled to the second digit line to establish a reference voltage in the second digit line. A voltage differential is sensed between the first digit line and the second digit line, and a data state based on the voltage differential is latched in response.