Abstract: A method and system reduce interference between overlapping first and second wireless LAN cells in a medium. Each cell includes a respective plurality of member stations and there is at least one overlapped station occupying both cells. An inter-cell contention-free period value is assigned to a first access point station in the first cell, associated with an accessing order in the medium for member stations in the first and second cells. The access point transmits a beacon packet containing the inter-cell contention-free period value, which is intercepted at the overlapped station. The overlapped station forwards the inter-cell contention-free period value to member stations in the second cell. A second access point in the second cell can then delay transmissions by member stations in the second cell until after the inter-cell contention-free period expires.

Abstract: A method of managing a network of sensors in an energy aware manner includes the steps of clustering the sensors to minimize energy consumption, routing the network (step 44), modeling the energy available at each sensor (step 45), and rerouting the network (step 47) when the sensor battery level drops to a predetermined value, or when the energy model is adjusted because it deviates from a sensor's actual energy state.

Abstract: A staggered startup method and system for a cyclic prioritized multiple access (CPMA) system reduce interference between overlapping first and second wireless LAN cells contending for the same medium. Each cell includes a respective plurality of member stations. A first member station in the first cell coordinates a periodic sequence of first contention-free sessions. Each contention-free session includes multiple bursts with other member stations in the first cell. The first member station retains control of the medium by using interframe spaces sufficiently short between the bursts so that the multiple bursts appear to contending stations to be a single instance of activity in the medium during a session until an end of a session. A second member station in the second cell listens to the activity in the medium and detects an end to one of the first contention-free sessions indicated by an interval longer than a PIFS idle interval following an end to the activity in the medium.

Abstract: In existing standards for packet data communication over enhanced cellular networks, for a subscriber having a static address, the network relies on the terminal to provide the static address. Consequently, the terminal needs to know (be programmed with) its own static address and typically the address of a home agent element of the network. To eliminate the attendant need to provision such address data in the mobile station, the static address is stored in a node of the network, and the network assigns that one address to the mobile station, every time when the subscriber requests packet data service, for example, using a mobile IP (MIP) type address assignment procedure. The address assignment operation may also provide the home agent address to the station.

Abstract: A Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) system in which wireless terminals each operate upon battery power. One of the wireless terminals acts as a Master to coordinate the transmission and receptions of the Slaves so as to reduce the power consumed by all of the devices. The Slaves operate according to a power up and power down sequence to conserve battery power. Further, the terminals may alternate between being Slaves and being the Master to equalize battery consumption of the wireless terminals.

Abstract: A process for determining a time lapse between a trigger signal and a start of a cyclic sequence of a pilot signal of a CDMA high frequency signal includes: simultaneously scanning and storing the trigger signal and the pilot signal; comparing the trigger signal with a trigger threshold to capture a time (ttrig) to reach the trigger threshold; comparing the trigger signal with a trigger threshold to capture a time (ttrig) to reach the trigger threshold; generating a CDMA baseband signal by transforming the CDMA high frequency signal into a complex baseband; correlating the CDMA baseband signal with a cyclic reference sequence to capture the time (tpn) up to the start of the cyclic sequence of the pilot signal; and subtracting ttrig from tpn to determine the lapse in time.

Abstract: Channel multiplexing and flow control may be incorporated in wireless communications, especially in short-range wireless communication systems. In one embodiment, a wireless communication system may include a source and a target transceiver to communicate data over a wireless communication link, such as a radio link. At the source transceiver, a first payload of data may be broken into one or more first fragments to control multiplexing of the one or more first fragments. To communicate the first payload, each first fragment may be labeled as at least one of a beginning and an ending fragment. Likewise, a second payload of data may be broken into one or more second fragments. Each second fragment may be identified as at least one of a start, intermediate, end or a single fragment. Each of the first and second fragments may be sized to control latency. While the first payload of data may be provided on a first channel, the second payload of data may be provided on a second channel.

Abstract: A wireless local area network (WLAN) transceiving integrated circuit services voice communications in a WLAN with at least one other WLAN device. The WLAN transceiving integrated circuit includes a WLAN interface, an input buffer, a transcoder, and a processor. The WLAN interface wirelessly communicates with the at least one WLAN device to receive packetized audio data from the at least one WLAN device. The input buffer operably couples to the WLAN interface and receives the packetized audio data from the WLAN interface. The transcoder operably couples to the input buffer and receives the packetized audio data from the input buffer. The transcoder converts the packetized audio data to Pulse Code Modulated (PCM) audio data and outputs the PCM audio data to a coupled audio COder/DECoder (CODEC). The processor operably couples to the WLAN interface, the input buffer, and the transcoder.

Abstract: AIN based methods and apparatus for transitioning telephone numbers and customers from the PSTN to a VOIP network are described. AIN line number portability features are used to allow a few gateway switches that interconnect the PSTN and VOIP networks to service customers whose telephone numbers were originally serviced by several remote PSTN switches. AIN LNP triggers are used to forward PSTN calls, directed to the PSTN switch previously used to service a telephone number, to the gateway switch assigned to route such calls to the IP network. AIN triggers set at the gateway switch insure that the subscriber with the ported telephone number continues to receive AIN services provided before the telephone number was ported to the IP network. Calls from ported telephone numbers to telephones in the PSTN are billed from PSTN switches through the use of AIN functionality and triggers set at the gateway switch.

Abstract: In a packet data communications system (100) where a customer premises (120) has only a packet-based connection, a proxy modem (200) is provided at the customer premises to connect to devices that send and receive modulated transmissions, e.g., facsimile, modem, and TDD/TTY. The proxy modem demodulates the modulated transmissions (208), organizes the resulting digital signal into a packet (210) and forwards the packet over a packet network (104, 106). Another proxy modem (200) that connects to the packet network and to a telephony network (110) receives the packets from the packet network. The packets are re-organized into a digital signal that is then modulated and forwarded over the telephony network to a destination. Use of the proxy modems in the network prevents unnecessary digitizing of modulated transmissions, which slows transmission and introduces errors.

Abstract: A method and system for buffering media at an initiating station. In response to a user request to initiate a packet-based real-time media session, such as a “push-to-talk” session for instance, the initiating station acquires a data connection. The station then determines that it has acquired a data connection, such as by determining that it has received incoming packet-data, and responsively begins receiving and buffering media, such as voice, from a user. Once the station successfully establishes the requested media session, or a leg of the session, the station then begins transmitting the buffered media to a remote endpoint.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for allowing a packet data connection to be established by sending an indication of a network address through a telephony path. In a first embodiment, a protocol stack initiates the establishment of an Internet connection by sending a data segment through a public switched telephone network (PSTN) telephony path and then operates and maintains the Internet connection on separate packet connection. Dialing digits are used to indicate the address of a remote computer or wireless device via the telephony path. The invention also enables mixed PSTN/internet multimedia telephone calls. In an exemplary embodiment, when a point-to-point telephone PSTN connection is established, a screen of information automatically appears at one or both ends of the connection via the Internet.

Abstract: A high-speed router and method for operation of the core of such a router are disclosed. The disclosure describes switching packet data through a router core serving core ingress and egress ports. The router maintains at least one always-up ingress serial link from each core ingress port to the router core, and at least one always-up egress serial link from the router core to each core egress port. For each core ingress port, packet data is serialized prior to introduction to the router core and then transmitted to the core over that port's ingress serial link. Each core egress port receives a serialized data stream from the router core, which is then deserialized. Within the router core, the serialized data received on each ingress serial link is deserialized into a clocked digital data stream. The digital data streams are switched through a reconfigurable digital switch, reserialized, and transmitted over the egress serial links.

Abstract: A multi-probe lookup table includes an indication of the congestion level of each addressable location. A key can be stored in one of a plurality of indexed locations in the lookup table. Thrashing is reduced by inserting keys into the lookup table based on the distribution of keys already stored in the lookup table. Insert operations for all keys sharing an indexed location are recorded by modifying a swap count indicating the congestion level of the indexed location each time a key is inserted in one of the indexed locations.

Abstract: A router has N1 local signal input terminals for connection to respective local signal sources for supplying respective local input signals, a local output interface including M1 local signal output terminals, and an input expansion terminal. A signal received at any one of the N1 local signal input terminals can be routed selectively to any one or more of the M1 local signal output terminals and a signal received at the input expansion terminal can be routed selectively to any one or more of the M1 local signal output terminals. An input signal received at a local signal input terminal is delayed relative to an input signal received at the input expansion terminal by a selectively adjustable amount to achieve a predetermined time relationship between the input signals at the local output interface.

Abstract: A cross connect switch has a plurality of stages. Each stage has a plurality of packers, a plurality of memory portions and a plurality of multiplexers. Each packer receives input data and provides the input data as a set of contiguous valid data. The multiplexers divide the valid data from one of the packers into a plurality of data subsets and route each data subset to a respective memory portion of that stage. Each stage except the final stage provides the data in the memory portions of that stage as a respective set of inputs to a next one of the stages. The final stage includes a plurality of multiplexers for selecting a respective subset of the data from each of the memory portions of the final stage and provides the selected data at a plurality of respective selected output ports.

Abstract: A switch fabric implemented on a chip includes an array of cells and an I/O interface in communication with the array of cells for permitting exchange of data packets between said array of cells and components external to said array of cells. Each cell communicates with at least one other cell of the array, thereby permitting an exchange of data packets to take place between the cells of the array. Each cell includes a memory for receiving a data packet from another cell of the array as well as a control entity to control release of a data packet toward a selected destination cell of the array at least in part on a basis of a degree of occupancy of the memory in the destination cell. In this way, scheduling is distributed amongst the cells of the switch fabric.

Abstract: A short cell multiplexer includes a sequence designating unit, in which reading intervals corresponding to QOS classes are set in respective reading interval setting registers. A counter memory is stored with the number of timings at which the short cells can be read. The sequence designating unit specifies the QOS class in which the number of timings reaches the reading interval on the basis of the reading interval and the number of timings, and gives to a reading unit an indication of reading the short cell belonging to this class.

Abstract: The capability to encrypt or compress the traffic over network links, thus improving the security of the link on the performance of the links, and the capability to encrypt/decrypt data stored on the storage devices without requiring specialized hosts or storage devices. In a first embodiment, traffic to be routed over a selected link needing encryption and/or compression is routed to hardware which performs the encryption and/or compression and returned for transmission over the link. A complementary unit at the second end of the link routes the received frames to complementary hardware to perform the decryption and/or decompression. The recovered frames are then routed to the target device in a normal fashion. In a variation of this first embodiment the hardware is developed using an FPGA. This allows simple selection of the desired feature or features present in the switch. The switch can be easily configured to perform encryption, compression or both, allowing great flexibility to a system administrator.

Abstract: In digital communications that utilize a data packet format wherein each data packet includes a physical layer (PHY) component and a media access control layer (MAC) component, the media access control layer component can be selectively protected by forward error correction (FEC). The receiving end receives an indication as to whether FEC has been applied, and makes an FEC decision based (12-15) on this indication. The accuracy of the received-side FEC decision and the robustness of the FEC indication can be improved by: making the FEC decision based on the results of FEC decoding applied to a media access control layer header within the media access control layer component; providing an FEC indication bit in the physical layer component; and using a plurality of bits to encode the FEC indication in either the physical layer component or the media access control layer component.

Abstract: The Switch includes a port configured to receive a command frame when installed in a switching Fabric. The frame identifies a source device and a destination device in the Switching Fabric, a command, and a read/write flag which indicates if the identified source intends to exercise read-only or write access to the destination device. The Switch also includes a processor coupled to the port. The processor is configured to trap the frame and prevent it from reaching the defined destination device in the switching Fabric if both the source and destination devices are in a read-only zone and the flag indicates that the source intends to write to the destination device. In this manner, read-only zones can be implemented in the Switching Fabric.

Abstract: A wireless electronic device includes a first application to output a first packet through a first virtual interface as a wireless electronic device moves from a home subnetwork to a foreign subnetwork. The wireless electronic device also includes a second application utilizing the Mobile Internet Protocol (Mobile IP protocol) to output a second packet through a second interface as the wireless electronic device moves from the home subnetwork to the foreign subnetwork. A common physical interface is tied to the first virtual interface and the second interface of the wireless electronic device, wherein the physical interface of the wireless electronic device receives the first packet and the second packet, and outputs the first packet and the second packet from the wireless electronic device after the wireless electronic device has moved.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for carrying out monitoring in packet-oriented telecommunication networks and data networks. The method makes it possible to reduce the processor performance required to carry out legal monitoring of telecommunication subscribers in switching nodes of packet-oriented telecommunication and data networks. To reduce the high number of comparably short data packets which must be respectively compared with the full list of subscriber connections which are to be monitored throughout the network and the computer power resulting therefrom required to carry out the tasks in each network node, the method is based on a reduced individual node list which is automatically generated and maintained and the number of individual verifications is kept to a minimum within a network node.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a network hardware machine is disclosed. The network hardware machine includes a central processing unit (CPU) that processes data packets received at the network hardware machine, and a classifier, coupled to the CPU, that classifies the packets prior to the packets being received at the CPU.

Abstract: A network component for processing a packet can include at least one first storage unit configured to store a packet field value within the packet, at least one second storage unit configured to store at least one set of a plurality of range values, and an action implementation unit configured to implement at least one action when the packet field value is within the plurality of range values.

Abstract: A process for transmitting data between at least one transmitter and one receiver, in the form of packets of at least one datum, each of said data packets being associated with an identifier of said packet. Such a process implements at least two transmission modes: an explicit mode, wherein each of the data packets, called explicit packets, is transmitted with the identifier of the data packet, and an implicit mode, wherein the data packets, called implicit packets, are transmitted without being accompanied by the identifiers. Additionally such a process includes at least one first transfer stage from the explicit mode to the implicit mode and/or at least one second transfer stage from the implicit mode to the explicit mode, selection of the first or second transfer stages being determined as a function of one pre-determined transfer criterion associated with the data packet.

Abstract: Data communication system is provided that comprises a plurality of switches which each comprise a respective controller. Ports on the switch are connected to any one of a multiplicity of far-end devices. Physical media is used to connect each port to a far-end device. Various physical media may be routed through a common binder which can create electromagnetic interference problems. Each port controller is operable to calculate a unique preamble value to be assigned to each port within the switch. The unique preamble value is calculated using a linear feedback shift register function which can be implemented using convenient matrix multiplication operations on seed values stored within the port controllers.

Abstract: Interworking of first and second networks (12, 14) is accomplished by an interworking facility (30) that serves to map the destination address in first frames received from the first network into second destinations addresses compatible with the second network. To conserve such mapping the assignments, the first network encapsulates information frames (32) received from one or more sites associated with a first customer into jumbo frames (34) that have a generic address associated with that customer. At the interworking facility, the individual frames are stripped from the jumbo frame and routed to corresponding destinations in the second network.

Abstract: A digital information distribution system having a plurality of nodes that are connected to one another by counter-rotating data paths. Each node comprises a ring terminal that selects data packets from the data paths for use by the node and passes the remaining data packets to neighboring nodes. The data paths communicate data using asynchronous serial interface packets that transport video data or IP data.

Abstract: A method of distributing and executing service logic across private and public networks for the generation and provision of telecommunication services is disclosed. The functionality and capabilities associated with both Intelligent Network (IN) and non-IN compliant elements of a public telecommunications system are abstracted using a set of control and informational parameters and variables which are associated with a given network element or network element category. A service creation and execution application programming interface provides access to a service creation and execution environment which is distributed in public network gateways, private network gateways, and in compatible software platforms.

Abstract: A telephone call management system and method are disclosed, allowing for call review where a voice mail message being recorded for a specific telephone may be played on a television associated therewith during the time it is being recorded. Optionally, the call may further be retrieved and rerouted to the user telephone responsive to a command entered via the television distribution gateway, and any call may be recorded responsive to commands entered via the gateway.

Abstract: Data packets are received at a communications node. Each of the received data packets is associated with one of a set of different service classes. Packets corresponding to the received data packets are transmitted to recipients. The order in which the data packets are transmitted is controlled based on the transmission rate and the service class of the packets.

Abstract: An on-chip RAM FIFO (first-in-first-out) buffer for storing SPE overhead bytes wherein each entry of the RAM FIFO stores (1) a byte of the SPE overhead; (2) an indication of which byte of the SPE overhead is currently stored in that entry; and (3) an indication of which STS signal that byte was taken from.

Abstract: Conventional schedulers propagate entries by either polling until an entry is ready, or alternatively, by attaching a so-called “readiness time” to entries. A scheduler which recognizes the readiness time avoids consuming a parent schedule with polling, or with burdening entries with a future readiness time. The system of the present invention employs a deferral queue for deferring entries in response to pop requests from a parent schedule. The child schedule defers entries via the deferral queue when it is not ready to push an entry to the parent schedule, and sets the readiness time corresponding to the entry. Upon the expiration of the readiness time, the child schedule redetermines whether to push the deferred entry corresponding to the deferral queue or optionally to push an interim entry having since arrived. Accordingly, a child schedule receiving a pop requests retains the ability to push an entry at an earlier or later readiness time, and further retains the ability to reconsider which entry to push.

Abstract: An OCN for integrated processing elements including a network with multiple ports and multiple port interfaces. The ports and the port interfaces conform to a consistent port protocol. Each port interface converts information between bus transactions of a corresponding processing element and network packets and exchanges network packets with other port interfaces. Each port includes an arbitration interface and a data interface and the network includes an interconnect and an arbiter. The interconnect includes selectable data paths between the ports for packet datum transfer. A port source interface submits transaction requests and provides packet datums upon receiving an acknowledgement. A port destination interface receives packet datums via available input buffers. Each transaction request includes a transaction size and a destination port address.

Abstract: An active optical network switch having a switch module, a plurality of uplink modules and a plurality of downlink modules connected to a backplane for connecting the modules and passing signals among them. A CPU module assists in managing the routing of traffic signals by the switch module; said modules and backplane are enclosed in an environmentally hardened housing. Six downlink modules may include four downlink ports each, for connecting the switch to twenty-four subscribers. Multiple switches may be daisy-chained together; one being a master and the remainder being slaves, to increase the number of subscribers that are served by an uplink fiber/pair. Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing may aggregate traffic signals between many subscribers and a CO/head end along a single backhaul fiber. Switch software may provide “network edge” functions including traffic shaping, policing, filtering and aggregation, and address control.

Abstract: Wireless communication networks utilize various communication protocols to exchange data between wireless network devices. Overlapping communication frequencies between data exchange protocols present a collision and interference problem when data transmissions are transmitted using similar timing and frequency characteristics during wireless transit. A device and method for receiving and separating collision signals during transit in a wireless communication network where overlapping communication frequencies coexist is described to significantly reduce the loss of data and information caused by interference and colliding transmission signals.

Abstract: A method of updating a lookup table associated with a TDM transmit unit which is coupled to a packet network to receive data therefrom, the lookup table mapping packet network contexts to TDM channels. The method includes priming a controller with data for updating the lookup table in advance of the receipt of packets containing data to which the update relates, incorporating a flag in each packet sent over the packet network to the TDM transmit unit, the flag being set to indicate whether or not a packet is the first packet to which the update relates, and detecting the setting of the flag in a first packet and in response updating the lookup table with the update data.

Abstract: A method (500), a system and a gateway (400) for communicating between hosts in private networks having IPv4 address spaces are disclosed. One or more DNS query messages for resolving resource records are transmitted (502) from a first private network for a remote host in a second private network. One or more DNS replies comprising a private IPv4 address for the remote host are received (504). If the one or more DNS replies comprise a synthesized IPv6 address, the IPv6 address is extracted from the replies and a peer IPv4 address in the first network is allocated for the remote host (508). The IPv6 address comprises a global IPv6 prefix and the private IPv4 address for the remote host. The peer IPv4 address is associated with an extracted IPv6 address for the remote host. The remote host is addressed using the IPv6 address for transmission of IPv4 packets from the first network addressed using the peer IPv4 address (510).

Abstract: A method for arbitrating channel bandwidth among a plurality of logical connections desiring access over a communication channel to transmit data is provided. The method includes detecting a connection desiring access through the communication channel and assigning the connection to a group having arbitration parameters. Then, the method packetizes the data to be transmitted and transmits each packet of the data in time slices. In each time slice, data is transmitted using the arbitration parameters of the group.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for processing packet flows in a communication system. In one embodiment, a resource reservation message includes packet flow parameter information used to determine flow treatment of the associated packet flow. The packet flow mapping is based on the quality of service of the associated packet flow. In another embodiment, a bearer connection is established and monitored for information relating to flow treatment.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for managing resources of a link in a communication network comprising busses interconnected by at least one link to form a network in which the at least one link is transparent for some protocol layers of nodes connected to the busses. The inventive method comprises the step of making information of the resources available over the at least one link available to link-aware applications.

Abstract: A method (500) and system for compensation of frequency offset between a first transceiver (102) and a second transceiver (104) in wireless communication are disclosed. The compensation of the frequency offset between two or more transceivers (102, 104) is achieved using frequency synchronization bursts. These bursts contain information about the frequency offset. The frequency synchronization bursts are transmitted by the first transceiver at a range of frequencies above and below its carrier frequency (502). A second transceiver that receives at least one of these bursts (504) determines the frequency offset (504), and adjusts its frequency to match the frequency of the first transceiver (508). Thereafter, the second transceiver may enter a low power sleep mode (510) in order to reduce its power consumption. The second transceiver returns to active mode (512) just before the start of the transmission of the data packets (514).

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for acquiring by a mobile terminal a pseudo-random noise (PN) sequence of a pilot signal received from a base station by means of a searcher, designating a phase of the acquired PN sequence as a reference phase to track the phase of the acquired PN sequence, and measuring an energy difference between an early path and a late path for the reference phase in a mobile communication system. In the apparatus and method, a first energy measurer measures a first energy value from a PN sequence with the reference phase, and a second energy measurer alternately measures energy values of the early path and the late path for the reference phase and outputs a second energy value.

Abstract: A method for the transmission of data in a synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) network comprising the steps of transmitting to a node of the network a form of data signal from outside the network, converting the signal into a to a virtually concatenated information structure and transporting the signal through the network in the virtually concatenated information structure; means for carrying out the method and tributary cards arranged and configured to process signals received in contiguously concatenated form to convert them into virtually concatenated form for transfer across the network; thus providing for data transmitted in high-bandwidth, contiguously concatenated signals (ie VC-4-4c) to be transported across a SDH network, not itself capable of carrying contiguously concatenated signals.

Abstract: Optical filaments are formed controllably in a gaseous medium such as air. A phase plate introducing a phase discontinuity or other localized optical inhomogeneity is introduced into the path of the pulsed high-power laser beam that forms the optical filaments in the medium. The locations and characteristics of the phase discontinuities or singularities are selected to control the number and locations of the optical filaments.

Abstract: A vertical cavity surface emitting laser having a dielectric gain guide. The gain guide may provide current confinement, device isolation and possibly optical confinement. The first mirror and an active region may be grown. A pattern may be placed on or near the active region. A dielectric material may be deposited on the pattern and the pattern may be removed resulting in a gain guide. Then a top mirror may be grown on the gain guide. This structure with the dielectric gain guide may have specific characteristics and/or additional features.

Abstract: A tuneable laser assembly includes a substrate having formed thereon a plurality of tuneable lasers, waveguides, an optical coupler and an optical amplifier. The lasers have active sections and distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) tuning sections and are characterised by respective emission wavelengths and tuning ranges such that the laser assembly can be tuned over a quasi-continuous predetermined wavelength range. The DBR tuning sections have a length in the range of about 150-200 um, are of the same optical waveguide of the waveguides, a grating strength (KL) less than about 0,5 and a high reflective (HR) coated back facet enhancing the external quantum efficiency from each said tuning sections. The active sections have a length in the range of about 250-300 um comprised of a high-gain/low-loss multi quantum well (MQW) material. The lasers have a total DBR array length of about 500 um.

Abstract: Optoelectronic device including integrated light emitting device and photodiode. The optoelectronic device includes a light emitting, device such as a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) or resonant cavity light emitting diode (RCLED). A photodiode is also included in the optoelectronic device. Between the light emitting device and the photodiode is a transition region. At least part of the transition region is shorted. A metal contact provides a contact to both the light emitting device and the photodiode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fluorine gas discharge laser system and control of replenishment of fluorine gas as the gas discharge laser operates and consumes fluorine.