Abstract: An audio signal reproduction apparatus for reproducing scratch sound from an optical disk. Scratch reproduction operation is performed through use of a jog dial and a turntable. When either the jog dial or the turn table has been actuated, a rotational operation signal of the thus-actuated element is supplied to a main system controller of the apparatus. The main system controller detects a rotational direction and a rotational speed, which have been achieved at the time of scratching operation, on the basis of the rotational operation signal, thereby controlling reading of audio data from memory. The main system controller processes the rotational operation signal in accordance with a jog dial/turntable switching signal, thereby controlling reading of audio data such that the same scratching sound is output when the same rotational operation has been performed.

Abstract: A magneto-optical recording or reproducing device having an information erasing means for erasing information or data recorded on a magneto-optical recording medium. According to the invention, the information erasing means comprises an erasing magnet having a field strength sufficient to initialize the magneto-optical recording medium without the assistance of a laser and/or an optical scanning device.

Abstract: A magneto-optical recording medium device of the present invention optimizes a magnetic field forming the front mask and a magnetic field forming the rear mask by use of a single bias magnetic field generator, by shifting the peak position of the bias magnetic field in the magneto-optical recording medium device so as to deviate from the center of the laser beam spot in a tangential direction of the magneto-optical recording medium, enabling extended recording and reproduction margins.

Abstract: An optical information processing apparatus includes: an optical head for irradiating an optical information recording medium with light, converting the light reflected by the optical information recording medium into a head signal and outputting the head signal; a signal quality index detector for detecting a signal quality index representing quality of the head signal on the basis of the head signal; and a two-dimensional probe for varying the focal position and the spherical aberration of the light radiated onto the optical information recording medium so as to search for a focal position and a spherical aberration that optimize the signal quality index detected by the signal quality index detector.

Abstract: An optical head performs recording and/or reproducing of a signal to an optical recording medium and comprises a light source, an objective lens converging the light emitted from the light source to the optical recording medium, and objective lens tilting mechanism for tilting the objective lens in order to correct aberration generated when the optical recording medium is tilted, and the optical head is assembled so that a direction of the coma aberration of the objective lens itself perpendicularly crosses a direction tilted by the objective lens tilting mechanism.

Abstract: A tracking error detection device for an optical disk apparatus comprises a detecting unit which includes at least two detectors and detects a reflected light from a series of pits formed on an optical disk, a phase comparing unit which detects a phase difference of outputs of the at least two detectors, and a low-pass filter which smoothes an output of the phase comparing unit, a cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter being higher than a frequency at which a spectrum of a modulation code recorded in the optical disk becomes ?10 dB and lower than a frequency at which the spectrum of the modulation code recorded in the optical disk becomes ?5 dB.

Abstract: Stable playback performance is assured and data loss due to out-of-step synchronization is reduced even when playback signal quality deteriorates due to such cause as a recording medium defect. The playback method applies to a recording medium to which data is recorded in block units containing multiple fixed-length frames together with block address information. The data and the block address information are acquired from the recording medium. The recording position of each frame in a block is then predicted from the acquired block address information. Synchronization is then set to the frame level based on the acquired data, and the memory address for storing the acquired data is determined based on the predicted recording position. The acquired data is then stored at the determined memory address.

Abstract: An optical disk is compatible with one type of a recording apparatus which is designed to irradiate an optical beam onto the optical disk to form pits along the pregroove for actual recording of information. The optical disk is incompatible with another type of a recording apparatus which is designed to successively record the times of the test recording into a count area of the conventional optical disk. The optical disk has a test area corresponding to the test area of the conventional optical disk and a prepit area corresponding to the count area of the conventional optical disk, the prepit area being provisionally formed with prepits at least in a section corresponding to the predetermined section of the count area of the conventional optical disk so as to inhibit the other type of recording apparatus from conducting the test recording.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and medium for erasing information recorded on a rewritable recording medium. The method includes: searching for test result information on a recording power recorded on a recording management area disposed on the recording medium; if corresponding test result information is found, reading in the test result information; and by using a recording power determined according to the read test result, recording a unique pattern on at least part of a user data area of the recording medium where predetermined information is recorded. According to the method, the writing characteristic can be greatly improved.

Abstract: In order to enhance the usability of a write-once recording medium, the recording medium is provided with an ordinary recording/reproduction area, an alternate area, a first alternate-address management information area and a second alternate-address management information area. In addition, written/unwritten state indication information is recorded in a predetermined area. The second alternate-address management information area is an area allowing alternate-address management information recorded therein to be renewed by adding alternate-address management information to the area. Alternate-address management information recorded in the second alternate-address management information area includes information recorded in a first information format and information recorded in a second information format. The first information format shows an alternate source address and an alternate destination address for each data unit.

Abstract: A method for recognizing at least two types of optical discs, which are associated with multiple different numerical apertures, includes the step of setting the numerical aperture of a focusing mechanism equal to a first one of the multiple different numerical apertures. The focusing mechanism is used to focus a light beam on a data storage layer of a given optical disc. The first numerical aperture is smaller than any of the other numerical apertures. The method further includes the step of recognizing the type of the given optical disc by the first numerical aperture that has been selected in the step of setting the numerical aperture.

Abstract: In an optical disc apparatus reading and writing data with respect to an optical disc, a motor controller uses widest pattern signals outputted from an optical pickup for judging size of an optical disc mounted on a turn table and stop of rotation of the optical disc. Since an inverse number of the widest pattern signal has correlation with a frequency sensed by a conventional frequency generator, the motor controller calculates a difference between inverse numbers of the widest pattern signals before and after putting braking force to the turn table, and judges the size of the optical disc with reference to variation of rotation speed before and after the braking. The motor controller further calculates a prediction time when the rotation of the optical disc will be stopped with using the variation of the inverse number of the widest pattern signal, stops to put the braking force to the turn table at the prediction time, and judges the rotation of the optical disc has been stopped.

Abstract: A tracking error signal calculating unit (221) detects a tracking error signal of light with respect to a mark recorded on a wobbled groove in a focused-on state from the light reflected back from the wobbled groove. A pull-in signal calculating unit (225) detects a total light volume signal PI of the mark, recorded on the wobbled groove, from the reflected light. A D-flipflop discriminating circuit (244) compares the phase of a binary coded version of a tracking error signal TE detected by the tracking error signal calculating unit to the phase of a binary coded version of the total light volume signal PI as detected by the pull-in signal calculating unit to discriminate the sorts of the optical discs having the same outer shape and the same optical system but differing in the UTOC recording system.

Abstract: An optical recording method to be used for recording at a high data transfer rate length-modulated marks on a recording medium by applying a recording laser beam locally to the recording medium. The recording laser beam has a writing power Pwi, is and a bias power Pbi. A record mark has a length of nT. With respect to at least two record marks, a pulse dividing number m is at least 2, and with respect to all record marks with m being at least 2, 2.5 is smaller than or equal to n/m, in a case where plural different record mark lengths are to be respectively formed by the same pulse dividing number m.

Abstract: An optical pick-up device includes a light source (2), a polarized light beam converter (4), a splitter (6), a collimating lens (7), and a photo-detector (9). A linear polarized light beam with a first type of polarized component and a second type of polarized component is emitted from the light source, and passes through the polarized light beam converter. The first type of polarized component is converted into the second type of polarized component by the polarized light beam converter. Then part of the light beam with the second type of polarized component passes through the splitter and is focused onto an optical disc (8) by the collimating lens. The optical disc reflects the light beam that contains recorded information read from the optical disc. The reflected light beam passes back through the collimating lens, is reflected by the splitter, and is received by the photo-detector.

Abstract: An offset adjusting circuit for an optical disc comprises a plurality of offset-adjustment differential operational amplifiers, each of the amplifiers having an input terminal to which an output signal of an optical pickup is input and another input terminal to which a control voltage is applied, an adding circuit that adds output signals of the offset-adjustment differential operational amplifiers, an A/D converter that outputs a digital signal based on an output signal of the adding circuit, and a control voltage adjuster that varies the control voltage applied to the offset-adjustment differential operational amplifiers based on the digital signal so as to remove an offset.

Abstract: Plural grooves or lands formed in an information recording carrier include at least a wobbling region and data is recorded wobblingly in this wobbling region by phase shift modulation while recorded digitally with a single or multiple waves as a channel bit.

Abstract: A method for frequency and time synchronization of a receiver for receiving Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signals is described. A quality criterion of a OFDM signal is determined during one of the frequency intervals (hops) for each point of one of the two-dimensional frequency and time search areas. The area point having the optimum quality criterion (?x, fx) of the OFDM signal is then determined on the basis of said quality criterion, and the receiver is synchronized on the nominal frequency in view of the different between the nominal frequency (f0) and the frequency value (fx) corresponding to the optimum quality criterion. The OFDM signal may be demodulated and decoded starting with the time value (?x) corresponding to the optimum quality criterion.

Abstract: A method for transmitting data between at least three nodes of an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing network, including assigning to each node at least one transmit frequency and one receive frequency, the assigned frequencies being different from one node to the other; forming data symbols to be transmitted all having the same duration whatever the transmission node; and adding, to each transmitted symbol, a cyclic prefix and a cyclic suffix reproducing a predetermined number of samples, respectively of the end and of the beginning of the symbol.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and system for the generation of Hybrid Walsh orthogonal codes for CDMA spreading and channelization encoding and fast decoding. Current art uses real Walsh orthogonal codes for CDMA spreading and orthogonal channelization. Hybrid Walsh codes are complex Walsh codes that have a isomorphic one-to-one correspondence with the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) codes and are derived by separate permutations of real Walsh codes for the real and for the imaginary components. Hybrid Walsh codes are the best approximation to the DFT within the constraints of a unity norm, 4-phases on real and imaginary axes, orthogonality, and therefore are a preferred choice for a complex Walsh code. The invention discloses a method for the Hybrid Walsh encoder to be generalized by combining with DFT, quasi-orthogonal PN codes, and other codes using a tensor product construction, direct sum construction, and functional combining.

Abstract: A parallel router comprising: 1) a plurality of routing nodes, each of the plurality of routing nodes capable of receiving message packets from and transmitting message packets to external devices, wherein the each of the plurality of routing nodes maintains a routing table suitable for routing message packets from transmitting ones of the plurality of routing nodes to receiving ones of the plurality of routing nodes; and 2) a switch fabric capable of transmitting the messages packets between the transmitting nodes and the receiving nodes, wherein a designated one of the plurality of routing nodes is operable to transmit to at least one non-designated one of the plurality of routing nodes a hello request message operable to cause the non-designated routing node to transmit back a hello acknowledgment message, wherein the designated routing node monitors a time duration between transmission of the hello request message and receipt of the hello acknowledgment message to determine if the non-designated routing n

Abstract: A program and a method for a gateway are provided to deny incoming calls to prevent overload. The program provides a maximum CPU utilization threshold CPUT, which is set by the user. When a new incoming call is presented to the packet telephony gateway, the program checks a present CPU utilization CPUP. If the present CPU utilization CPUP is greater than the threshold, the call is refused. This insures that sound quality of the calls currently being handled is maintained, and that existing calls are never dropped.

Abstract: A method for generating a data structure for statistical information used at a request for a communication connection via connection points, the method comprising the steps of defining parameters of the data structure, the parameters classifying the request, receiving information concerning the request for the communication connection, allocating the information to the defined parameters, and setting the parameters according to the allocated information in order to determine a distribution of the requests in relation to the defined parameters. A corresponding device is also shown.

Abstract: Techniques are described for distribution of label switched packets, such as multiprotocol label switched (MPLS) packets, across multiple physical data paths. The techniques may, for example, be used to load balance the label switched packets across an aggregated link having two or more logically associated physical interconnects. A network device, for example, includes an interface card to receive packets associated with a common label switched path (LSP), and a control unit to distribute the packets across multiple paths. The network device may include label data that maps ranges of labels, such as MPLS labels, to types of payloads carried by the label switched packets. In accordance with the label data, the control unit extracts flow information from the label switched packets and distributes the label switched packets across the paths based on the flow information.

Abstract: A package manager of a media gateway component is described, which is configured to receive requests to encode or decode a message containing package descriptors. The package manager determines the type of package descriptor, and invokes the appropriate helper function which carries out the encoding or decoding operation. The package manager includes a package resolver portion that interfaces with other elements of the media gateway component, and a package helper portion that stores the helper functions. The package resolver portion includes a package list that describes the correlation between package descriptors and the corresponding helper functions.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for a router to provide random assignments of three priorities, each signifying a drop precedence, to packets on a per customer basis. The router determines a sending rate estimate. Then the router marks a packet a priority level based on the sending rate estimate.

Abstract: A data traffic shaping system, comprises a plurality of burst groups, each burst group having a burst group credit allocation mechanism configured to earn credit over time; a shaping engine configured to manage incoming entries of traffic and to assign each incoming entry of traffic to a selected queue of the burst group depending on the characteristics of the entry; a plurality of queues, respective queues belonging to respective burst groups; and a bandwidth allocation table including locations identifying a queue and an amount of bandwidth credit to allocate to that queue, the shaping engine being configured to traverse the locations, to determine the bandwidth earned by the queues, such credit only being made available to the queue if its assigned burst group has at least that much credit available at that instant in time, and to process an entry in that queue only if the queue has earned a predetermined minimum amount of credit, relative to the current entry on the queue in question.

Abstract: A protocol processing apparatus and method in a mobile communication system operates a transmitting end according to whether transmission errors occur in a wireless section in consideration of conditions of the wireless section. A TCP processing apparatus and method of a base transceiver subsystem (BTS) in a mobile communication system can operate a TCP sending end in a persist or congestion override mode by setting a window size of the TCP sending end as ‘0’ if an Ack is not arrived from a TPC receiving end for a round trip time of a wireless link. Preferred embodiments of the present invention can reduce or prevent TCP performance degradation caused by congestion avoidance and control by preventing the TCP sending end from performing congestion avoidance and control by packet loss in the wireless link section. Also, the BTS updates the round trip time (RTT) of the wireless link when the Ack is arrived from the TCP receiving end for the RTT of the wireless link.

Abstract: Disclosed is an Active Queue Management method and apparatus which uses traffic rate information for congestion control. Using a nonlinear fluid-flow model of Traffic Control Protocol, a proportional controller in a closed loop configuration with gain settings characterized for stable operation allows a matching of the aggregate rate of the active TCP connections to the available capacity. Further disclosed is a method for calculation of the regime of gains for which stable operation of a given network obtains. This approach allows for capacity matching while maintaining minimal queue size and high link utilization.

Abstract: The present invention manages data link resources in a wireless communication device by managing the data link resource needs of multiple client applications including the creation and sharing of data link resources. If the requested data link resources can be accommodated by the already established data link resources (106), then one or more of the already established data link resources are shared (108) with the application making the request for data link resources. If the requested data link resources can not be accommodated by the already established data link resources, then the data link resources are upgraded (110) to accommodate the additional requirements of the received request.

Abstract: A system and method identifies the costs to be assigned to each link in a network that can more evenly balance the utilization of links in the network.

Abstract: A wireless network (100) and method (200) for assigning a set of channels to a set of wireless devices (102-126) in the network where there are less channels than devices such that wireless devices are grouped in channel groups such that the wireless devices assigned to each channel group are positioned so as not to interfere with each other. In assigning an nth wireless device to a kth channel group, the nth and preferably one member of the kth channel group at a time are instructed to transmit simultaneously in order to ascertain if the nth wireless device interferes with or is interfered with by any member of the kth channel group.

Abstract: A method and system for emulating a user population for wireless local area network access point performance, optimization and configuration testing. The number of stations, data volume and related variables are programmed by a command and control computer, with a load emulator then offering a realistic station population and data traffic load to the wireless access point under test. Multiple load emulators may be deployed for the emulation and testing of very large networks.

Abstract: A processor includes controller circuitry operative to control performance monitoring for at least one flow of cells or other protocol data units received by the processor. The controller circuitry includes a classifier and is operative to access memory circuitry associated with the processor. The classifier is configured to perform at least a first pass classification of at least a subset of the protocol data units. The controller circuitry in conjunction with a first pass classification of a protocol data unit of a first type is operative to execute a first script, and in conjunction with a first pass classification of a protocol data unit of a second type is operative to execute a second script different than the first script. A result of execution of at least one of the first and second scripts is stored in the memory circuitry.

Abstract: A method and system for handling a packet data service wherein, proceeding from the handling of a packet data service by a service network node of a packet data network to which communication terminal equipment is connected for the transmission of packet data, it occurs that a data switching function of an interworking of the packet data service with network functions of an intelligent network is interconnected to the service network node, and the setting of at least one threshold for the packet data transmission is undertaken by the service control function for monitoring a packet data stream in the packet data network wherein the service control function communicates this threshold to the service switching function.

Abstract: A method and a terminal for providing services in a telecommunication network wherein the selection data of a service is formed by using the identification and control date of the services located in the multiplexed frames used for transmitting the services. The terminal is designed to display the selection data of the service, which data is formed from the identification and control date of the multiplexed frames for transmitting the service.

Abstract: The present invention defines a system and method of routing packets using a hardware-based route cache with prefix length. When a router receives a packet, the router first searches for the routing information in the hardware-based route cache and if a match is found, the packet is forwarded to according to the routing information. The hardware-based route cache can be configured according to a search scheme employed by the router. The hardware-based route cache can be configured to provide network address length information for the destination addresses included in an incoming packet.

Abstract: The state of a telecommunications network comprising a plurality of nodes is monitored. Each node is at a time in one of a number of node states dependent upon a predetermined set of rules and local conditions at that node. The value of a parameter is determined where the value of the parameter is dependent upon the entropy of the node states in the network.

Abstract: A method for locating nodes in a multi-hop sensor network forms a rigid body (RB1, RB2, RB3) and, from the nodes, utilizes the rigid body to decide if a node is locatable. The method obtains a reduced order model (ROM) of the network by categorizing all of the nodes by location status, grouping them based upon the categorizations, and defining and identifying a rigid body from a group. The method further simplifies determinability of node location by forming the rigid body from the nodes based upon the categorized location status. To locate the nodes, the nodes are separated from one another into subsets dependent upon characteristics (100). Then, groups are formed from one subset (200) and the rigid body is formed from a group (300). The ROM is formed from the rigid body (400) and a location capability of the rigid body is evaluated based upon the ROM (500).

Abstract: A device and method for reserving isochronous resources on a wireless network for connection set-up, where the wireless network includes an isochronous resource manager. The device and method include identifying a talker device and a listener device by a connection controller; acquiring, by the isochronous resource managers, a list of devices to be part of the connection; determining bandwidth required for connecting the talker device and the listener device by the isochronous resource manager, as a function of the list of devices to be part of the connection; and setting-up a multicast group including the talker device and the listener device if the bandwidth is available.

Abstract: A duplexer includes an input/output line, a receive segment and a transmit segment. The transmit segment is connected to the input/output line. The receive segment includes a balun and a differential filter. The balun includes a first output, a second output, a first transmission line and a second transmission line. The first transmission line is connected between the input/output line and the first output. The second transmission line is connected between the input/output line and the second output. The differential filter is connected to the first output and the second output. The differential filter shorts the first output and the second output at transmit band frequencies of the duplexer.

Abstract: A wireless network sensor includes a system data store capable of storing a variety of data associated with a wireless computer network and communication(s) transmitted thereon, a communication interface supporting at least reception of wireless communication(s) over the wireless computer network and a system processor. Data is extracted into one or more logical units or frames according to the protocol of the wireless network from signal received by the communication interface. This extracted data is inspected and stored. In some embodiments, the stored data is aggregated with information subsequently derived from further received signals. The stored data can be locally or remotely analyzed to generate a security rating which can be forwarded to either a user or a further data processing system.

Abstract: A system for reducing or eliminating cross talk resulting from co-channel interference in TDMA communication systems is disclosed. In general, the system may include one or more enhanced mobile stations sending, to an enhanced base station, base station identifying information in a training period that was previously used by mobile units to send pseudotrainiug information. The base station identifying information may include, but is not limited to, global cell site identification or any portion thereof or local cell site identification or any portion thereof. Upon receipt of information including the appropriate base station identifying information, die enhanced base station may perform enhanced synchronization and reception and correction functions.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for redistributing differentiated power for transmitting high speed packet data according to UEs in high speed packet data transport system. The method and apparatus redistribute powers, which have been already assigned in order to transmit the high speed packet data, thereby improving the performance of the system.

Abstract: In a mobile communication system, if a UE enters a SHO (Soft Handover) region, the UE determines weight information for a DPCH and a PDSCH depending on DPCH signals and PDSCH signals received from Node Bs, and transmits the determined weight information to the Node Bs. The Node Bs then determine weights of the DPCH signals and the PDSCH signals to be transmitted to the UE depending on the feedback information received from the UE, and transmit the determined weights to the UE along with the DPCH signals and the PDSCH signals, respectively.

Abstract: A method and system for providing multi-user shared access to service applications operating in wireless data services such as Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is described. An exemplary embodiment of the present invention comprises a solution that provides a modified communication pathway that permits mobile clients to join an active session engaged by other clients. The system comprises a gateway 200 and a coordinating browser 206 (co-browser) which cooperates with the gateway subsystem 202 and the WAP subsystem 204 to coordinate and establish shared sessions between users. When a first client 220 is engaged in an active session, the co-browser 206 determines that a second client 230 wishes to join the session by analyzing the request containing the universal resource identifier (URI) transmitted by the second client. The co-browser enables all peer clients to interact, share, and view updated content within the application.

Abstract: Wireless local area network (WLAN) management. A novel approach is provided to associate various wireless stations (STAs) to the WLAN via appropriately selected Access Point (APs). In one implementation, a first AP services only those STAs that have functionality of a first user class (e.g., 802.11b functionality in one instance. In addition, a second AP services only those STAs that have functionality of a second user class (e.g., 802.11g functionality). The WLAN management ensures that STAs having similar characteristics (or similar functionality) are grouped together and associated with an AP that corresponds to those characteristics. For example, 802.11b STAs associate with the WLAN via an 802.11b AP. Analogously, 802.11g STAs associate with the WLAN via an 802.11g AP. When an 802.11g STA is unable to associate with the WLAN via an 802.11g AP, the STA may shift down its functionality set to 802.11b to successfully associate with the WLAN.

Abstract: A method for allocating information transfer capacity in a mobile communication system, and a mobile communication system are provided. In the method according to the invention, the information transfer capacity is allocated to the user by forming a high capacity service site inside a cell of a base station by using a remote unit of a base station. The invention enables allocation of capacity to a specific mobile station with a low cost of multi-user interference generated to other receivers in the cell.

Abstract: Data is transmitted and received in a TDMA frequency hopping system by allocating two or more time slots for transmitting identical data packets, and transmitting the identical data packets in the allocated time slots at different frequencies. This requires the transmission of redundant information but reduces the likelihood of data loss. An adaptive scheme may be employed wherein more time slots are allocated for the repeated data transmissions in areas of poor reception while fewer time slots are allocated for the repeated data transmissions in areas of higher quality reception or when higher bandwidth is required.

Abstract: A communications system sets a network frame period that can be repeatedly used by a plurality of wireless networks in a predetermined time period. A plurality of channel slots for use by each of the wireless networks is prepared in advance in the network frame. A coordinator operating a PAN activates its PAN in an area of a channel slot that is not used by the other coordinator(s). Since each of the wireless networks detects an unused channel slot in the network frame and uses the unused channel slot, the association process is greatly simplified.