Abstract: The present invention generally relates to block code transmission receiver and method, and uses the maximum likelihood theory to generate correct block signal. The receiver of the present invention comprises a Feed-Forward Equalizer (FFE) for receiving block signal and converting the block signal into a first signal with minimum phase; an Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) eliminator for receiving the first signal and a feedback signal that is used to eliminate the Inter-Symbol Interference of the first signal, the Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) eliminator also generates a second signal not having Inter-Symbol Interference; a block detecting device for receiving the second signal and measuring the correlation between the second signal and each possible block, and for selecting the block code with the minimum distance as the best output block code; and a Feedback Equalizer (FBE) for receiving the block code output from the block detecting device and generating a feedback signal.

Abstract: A communication channel delivers a binary signal representing a data sequence by a pattern of high and low logic levels (symbols) from a transmitter to a receiver. The communication channel low-pass filters the transmitter output signal (VX) so that the signal (VR) arriving at the receiver is a distorted version of the transmitted signal. A receiver processes the received signal to produce an output first data signal (Z) representing the sequence of symbols conveyed by the transmitted signal. The receiver filters the received signal with a transfer function controlled by a control signal to produce a compensated signal (X). The receiver responds to trailing edges of the sampling clock signal by driving the first data signal to a succession of first states, wherein each first state corresponds to a separate leading edge of the sampling clock signal and represents a magnitude of the compensated signal on occurrence of the first state's corresponding sampling clock signal leading edge.

Abstract: A method for determining symbol boundaries in an ADSL modem, comprising receiving multi-frequency modulated signals in the time domain, wherein the multi-frequency modulated signals include a pilot signal at a pilot frequency. Performing a time-to-frequency transform on the multi-frequency modulated signals to recover the pilot signal. Iteratively computing a phase error for the pilot signal over a number of transform regions. Selecting the transform region with the lowest phase error.

Abstract: A phase-locked loop includes a voltage-controlled oscillator and a charge-pump loop filter. The voltage-controlled oscillator includes a varactor having a first set of capacitor cells configured to adjust a capacitance based on a first control voltage, and a second set of capacitor cells configured to adjust a capacitance based on a second control voltage. The charge-pump loop filter receives a first and a second update signal, each having at least one state based on a phase difference between a first clock and a second clock, and comprises a first component and a second component. The first component is configured to adjust, during an update period, a voltage across an impedance from a reference level based on the states of the first and second update signals and to return the voltage across the impedance to the reference level prior to an end of the update period, wherein the voltage across the impedance comprises the first control voltage.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a system for frequency and phase correction in a phase-locked loop (PLL) includes a phase frequency detector, first and second charge pumps respectively generating a first current and a voltage, a voltage-to-current (V2I) converter, a current summer, and a current-controlled oscillator (CCO). The phase frequency detector detects a frequency difference and a phase difference between a clock signal and a comparison signal, communicates the frequency difference to a first charge pump generating a first current, and communicates the phase difference to a second charge pump generating a voltage. The comparison signal is derived from an output signal of the PLL. The first charge pump modifies the first current according to the frequency difference and communicates the first current to the current summer. The second charge pump modifies the voltage according to the phase difference and communicates the voltage to the V2I converter.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus has a communication device, memory which stores identification information for identifying an external device having been previously connected to the communication device, an operation switch, a connection establishing unit for establishing connection with the external device designated by identification information stored in said memory in response to the operation of said operation switch, and a receiver for receiving data transmitted from the external device with which the connection is established by the connection establishing unit via the communication device.

Abstract: A method and a system for detecting the presence of special nuclear materials in a container. The system and its method include irradiating the container with an energetic beam, so as to induce a fission in the special nuclear materials, detecting the gamma rays that are emitted from the fission products formed by the fission, to produce a detector signal, comparing the detector signal with a threshold value to form a comparison, and detecting the presence of the special nuclear materials using the comparison.

Abstract: In a method for non-iterative focus adjustment in a CT apparatus the position of the center ray with regard to the movement direction of the focus and the correct phase between the detector sampling frequency and the focus springing frequency are calculated with a minimal number of sinogram acquisitions and is adjusted without iterative steps, corresponding to predetermined values.

Abstract: A diagnostic imaging system includes an x-ray source (16), which is rotated around an examination region (20). A subject, disposed on a couch (30), is translated longitudinally through the examination region (20). The x-ray source (16) is pulsed at selected angular location(s), e.g. one or both of 6 and 12 o'clock, to transmit x rays through the subject as it is being translated through the examination region (20). The transmitted radiation is being detected by a radiation detector (22) and is reconstructed by an image processor (52) into a two-dimensional projection pilot scan image. A subject contour is calculated and is used along with the radiation attenuation data by a dose calculator (60) to determine the minimum radiation dose required to produce a constant quality image.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for a multislice computer assisted tomograph, capable of carrying out a spiral scan of an object volume with a pitch p selected to be small enough that each slice of the object volume is multiply detected during the spiral scan. The method includes calculating, using measured data of two temporally consecutive at least one of revolutions and half revolutions, an image of the object volume from which a change inside the object volume between the two temporally consecutive at least one of revolutions and half revolutions is directly visible. An embodiment of the method can permit, for example, the detection and visualization of dynamic processes with an enhanced time resolution.

Abstract: An object is rotated by a rotation device 15 in X rays 25 generated by a X-ray generation device 11. The rotation device 15 makes constant the integration value of the X rays 25 reaching a two-dimensional X-ray sensor 12 during each charge integration time during which a plurality of image data are acquired.

Abstract: A Compton backscattering x-ray source includes an electron storage ring for storing electron bunches. A timing system refreshes an orbiting electron bunch according to a schedule selected to improve at least one attribute of x-ray emission. In one implementation, the electron bunch is periodically refreshed with a period of at least about 10 Hz.

Abstract: A technique is disclosed for presenting a sample to a radiation interface of an analysis engine employing x-ray, neutron ray, gamma ray or particle-beam radiation to analyze the sample. A protective barrier, transparent to the radiation, and separating the sample from the engine, is moveable relative to the radiation interface, using a barrier movement system. The barrier in one embodiment is a film movable over a cavity in which the sample placed, and moveable with a system of reels to provide and retrieve a generally continuous supply of film over the cavity. The cavity may form a portion of a sample path through which the sample is moveable. If the sample path is pressurized, the film maintains the pressure during analysis of the sample by the analysis engine.

Abstract: By selecting access points specific to the various components of call-content of a call, a monitoring agency is ensured of obtaining the call-content of each participant in telephone call irrespective of call transfers and network reconfiguration. Devices in the telecommunications system such as network devices can provide appropriate access. Examples of suitable network devices may include gateway, an access gateways, trunk gateways, portals, ATM switches, routers, and border elements.

Abstract: Voice mail service in an environment having multiple voice mail technology platforms is provide by an Automatic Message Attendant (AMA) device and a subscriber profile database. The AMA device has a platform selector element that queries the subscriber profile database for voice mail technology platform indicator information, which it then uses to select a voice mail technology platform. Additionally, the AMA device may also have a greeting player and message recorder element that queries an announcement database, and a content adapter element that queries a message format requirement database. Thus, the AMA device may also provide call termination functionality by playing a greeting and recording a message from the caller, and converting the recorded message into a format suitable for use with the selected voice mail technology platform.

Abstract: An IP telephone apparatus having a plurality of types of calling functions including a telephone calling function for telecommunicating via a telephone network and a network calling function for telecommunicating via a computer network. The IP telephone apparatus includes a calling function detection unit configured to detect which calling function of the telephone calling function and the network calling function is selected, and a calling function notification unit that notifies a user that at least one of general telephone using the telephone calling function and network telephone using the network calling function is being in operation according to a detection result of the calling function detection unit.

Abstract: A fast startup procedure for a modem system utilizes known characteristics of a previously established communication channel to reduce the initialization period associated with subsequent connections over the same channel. In response to the establishment of a call, the modem devices determine whether the fast connect protocol is supported. If so, then the called modem transmits a modified answer tone to the calling modem. The calling modem analyzes the signal received in response to the modified answer tone to determine whether characteristics of the current channel are similar to stored characteristics associated with a previous connection over the same channel. If a channel “match” is found, then the modem devices carry out a fast initialization routine that eliminates, abbreviates, or modifies a number of procedures or protocols that are carried out in conventional modem startup processes.

Abstract: In a signalling network employing the SS7 signalling protocol, it is known to use masks to mine CDR stores in order to obtain data for analysis in respect of a particular customer of a communications network associated with the signalling network. However, the use of masks to mine the CDRs can result in the retrieval of unwanted CDRs or the omission of relevant CDRs. The present invention therefore provides a call monitoring apparatus that receives a CDR and accesses a reference database, comprising a list of customers and respective telephone numbers, in order to identify an association between the CDR and a given customer. Consequently, speed and efficiency of analysis of CDRs is increased.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for providing calling party information (such as information regarding purchases of the calling party) in a request to establish a call session. A call request is received from a network entity over a network to establish an interactive call session. In response to the call request, calling party information is received, and the calling party information is provided in the call request.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement are specified for setting up and clearing communications links via a private branch exchange. The transport network for transporting the communication data is preferably in the form of an ATM network or IP network, and is controlled by a separate control network, separated from it. The advantage is that the two networks are independent of one another, and that broadband communications requirements can be satisfied easily by a modular expansion capability. The central control configuration allows already existing central databases relating to subscribers to be used, and likewise allows connection-related service feature control systems still to be used.

Abstract: A method, telecommunication system and a network node for controlling processing of a connection, particularly when information necessary for the controlling is available at an early stage. At least one processing instance is formed for the connection to control event processing of the control. The processing instance is also associated with a functional connection to at least one control function of the telecommunication system, the control function giving instructions related to processing the connection in response to requesting the instructions. In the processing instance are defined at least one interactive event of a delayed request, in which interactive event instructions from the processing instance are requested and, after requesting, processing the connection is continued, and at least one interactive event of a delayed response, in which interactive event the instructions requested in the interactive event of the delayed request from the control function are processed.

Abstract: A transaction server system is provided for routing and processing telephony events in a multi-tenant communication center. The transaction server system comprises a CTI-enabled routing point having transaction server software and multiple venues for receiving and notifying of telephony events according to venue, a plurality of virtual transaction server applications associated one each per venue for disposing of pending telephony events according to established protocols and an intermediary server disposed between and connected to the routing point and to the plurality of virtual transaction applications. The intermediary server maps communication paths between individual ones of the multiple venues of the routing point to individual ones of the virtual transaction applications and wherein each virtual transaction application functions on behalf of at least one tenant of the multi-tenant communication center to process events.

Abstract: In a voice activity detection (VAD) device a method for defining tone signals comprises defining a threshold for zero amplitude change, calculating a zero crossing rate of a signal, extracting a set of parameters from a plurality of duration periods of the signal, defining a tolerance threshold between the plurality of duration periods when a zero amplitude change occurs, calculating a maximum difference between the plurality of duration periods, and comparing the maximum difference with the threshold. The method is implemented in the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) recommendation G.729 Annex B VAD.

Abstract: An audio communications system has an acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) module. The AEC module receives a digital signal sent to a loudspeaker and a digital signal received from a microphone. The signal received from the microphone contains an echo of the signal played through the loudspeaker. The loudspeaker signal is processed by an audio generation module (AGM) that models substantially nonlinear distortions that can occur while producing the signal played through the loudspeaker. The AGM includes a modeling path comprised of one or more distortion modules. Each distortion module receives digital samples as input, modifies the samples to model a form of distortion, and outputs the modified samples. The output of the AGM is provided to an acoustic echo estimation (AEE) module that uses adaptive algorithms to compensate for substantially linear changes in the echo characteristics of the environment in which the loudspeaker and microphone are located.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for holding and making contact with a radio telephone, having an elongate, cuboidal housing with a contact unit which is located at one housing end and has contact-making and/or connecting elements, the contact unit of the radio telephone interacting with a pivotable mating contact unit (29) of a holder (20) for the radio telephone, and it being possible for the radio telephone to be positioned and/or plugged, by way of its contact unit, on the mating contact unit (29) of the holder (20) and to be pivoted therewith through a pivot angle. Provision is made here for the holder (20) to be adapted, in particular, to the longitudinal dimension of the housing of the radio telephone.

Abstract: An arithmetic apparatus for performing a long product-sum operation includes an integer unit arithmetic circuit, a finite field GF(2^m) based unit arithmetic circuit logically adjacent to the integer unit arithmetic circuit, a selector for selecting the integer unit arithmetic circuit or the finite field GF(2^m) based unit arithmetic circuit, and an adder circuit which has a buffer for storing interim result data, adds the interim result data to the result data obtained by one of the integer unit arithmetic circuit and the finite field GF(2^m) based unit arithmetic circuit which is selected by the selector, propagates a carry in an integer unit arithmetic operation, and propagates no carry in a finite field GF(2^m) based unit arithmetic operation.

Abstract: A portion of a digital good is selected to be used as a substitution box (S-box) in encrypting at least another portion of a digital good. The digital good being encrypted can be the same digital good, or alternatively a different digital good, than the digital good from which the portion used as an S-box is obtained. During the encryption process, the S-box is used to substitute values of the portion being encrypted with new values (a process also referred to as “scrambling”).

Abstract: A system for encrypting and decrypting data formed of a number of bytes using the ARCFOUR encryption algorithm is disclosed. The system includes a system bus and an encryption accelerator arranged to execute the encryption algorithm coupled to the system bus. A system memory coupled to the system bus arranged to store a secret key array associated with the data and a central processing unit coupled to the system bus wherein encryption accelerator uses substantially no central processing unit resources to execute the encryption algorithm.

Abstract: A stream cipher cryptosystem includes a keystream generator receiving a key and providing a keystream. A cryptographic combiner combines a first binary data sequence and the keystream with two non-associative operations to provide a second binary data sequence. In encryption operations, the cryptographic combiner is an encryption combiner and the first binary data sequence is a plaintext binary data sequence and the second binary data sequence is a ciphertext binary data sequence. In decryption operations, the cryptographic combiner is a decryption combiner and the first binary data sequence is a ciphertext binary data sequence and the second binary data sequence is a plaintext binary data sequence.

Abstract: The present invention is a system for securing broadcasting content locally at receiving stations that may be remote to a broadcaster. Embodiments of this invention implement controllable and renewable security measures, compatible with many other content processing and display systems. These security measures may include re-encrypting received broadcast content using locally generated keys, watermarking the received broadcast content, and logging both processing and display of broadcast content.

Abstract: A scrambler and scrambling method. The scrambler has a random data generator which generates random data having a random data generation cycle based on a result obtained by multiplying at least a size of a first data frame by a result obtained by dividing a data amount of two tracks in an outermost circumference of an optical disc by a size of a second data frame. The scrambler is advantageous in generating a stable servo signal and suppressing a DC component in modulation in a high density disc system using the optical disc.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for converting original data into a plurality of sub-bands using wavelet decomposition; encrypting at least one of the sub-bands using a key to produce encrypted sub-band data; and transmitting the encrypted sub-band data to a recipient separately from the other sub-bands.

Abstract: A device in a wireless network may negotiate security parameters with an access point for the wireless network. The device and the access point may negotiate the security parameters using low power signals. The device and the access point may subsequently use the security parameters to implement security features, and they may communicate using normal power signals.

Abstract: An encryption system and method that may encrypt all of the transmitted and received data packets on the data link layer without collisions on the Initialization Vector (IV). In the encryption system and method a new final key value may be generated and applied to every transmitted and received data packet. The encryption system and method provide for a novel three phase algorithmic process for generating a final secret key.

Abstract: A key server (320) based communication system (310) wherewith communicating parties, originators (312) and recipients (314), exchange encrypted communications (324). An originator requests or provides a key (330) to the key server, optionally with an assertion (322) from an authentication authority (318). Based on attributes (326) from the originator or elsewhere, the key server sets controlling events (340) for the communication. The originator encrypts and sends the communication to one or more recipients. A recipient may or may not request the key to decrypt the message. Positive events (342) are determined based on the controlling events and when and how many such requests occur. Negative events (344) are determined based on the absence of any requests or all requests being untimely.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for enhancing audio signals by nonlinear spectral operations. Successive portions of the audio signal are processed using a subband filter bank. A nonlinear modification is applied to the output of the subband filter bank for each successive portion of the audio signal to generate a modified subband filter bank output for each successive portion. The modified subband filter bank output for each successive portion is processed using an appropriate synthesis subband filter bank to construct a modified time-domain audio signal. High modulation frequency portions of the audio signal may be emphasized or de-emphasized, as desired. The modification may be applied within one or more frequency bands.

Abstract: A sound reproducing apparatus includes a low-frequency sound reproducing unit for reproducing and outputting a low-frequency sound having a frequency of a predetermined frequency or less; a high-frequency sound reproducing unit for reproducing and outputting a high-frequency sound including a frequency component having a frequency higher than the predetermined frequency; and a reproduction-and-output timing control unit for reproducing and outputting the high-frequency sound reproduced and output by the high-frequency sound reproducing unit behind the low-frequency sound reproduced and output by the low-frequency sound reproducing unit by a predetermined time period.

Abstract: The power density of a bass-reflex enclosure is improved by providing transducers in pairs, with the members of each pair being oriented front to back with respect to one another. The transducers are mounted on the enclosure with at least one of the transducers being substantially perpendicular to a front face of the enclosure and having its backside partially rested in the second transducer of the pair. The gap between the transducers is wider on the side open to the surrounding environment through the front face. Directivity may be provided by incorporating a second pair of transducers.

Abstract: A transmission coil system has a first and a second transmission coil in which the first transmission coil is connectable to a stimulation unit, and the second transmission coil can be used as part of a resonant circuit which can be stimulated to resonate, and having a coil core for two transmission coils that are loosely magnetically coupled to one another in that the two transmission coils are wound alongside one another on the coil core. Stimulation of the first transmission coil leads to a resonant increase in the applied voltage in the second transmission coil, and thus to an amplified transmission power. This may be used, for example, for remote control of the hearing aid, since, for example, it allows 200 bits/s data transmission over several meters from a low-voltage source.

Abstract: A dynamic range compression system is provided, using either a sample-by-sample or a block processing system. Such a system can be used, for example, in a hearing aid. The system, using a frequency-warped processing system, is comprised of a cascade of all-pass filters with the outputs of the all-pass filters providing the input to the frequency analysis used to compute the filter coefficients. The compression filter is then designed in the frequency domain. Using a compression filter having even symmetry guarantees that the group delay is constant and does not depend on the compression gains at any given time. Additionally, due to the use of all-pass filters, the compression filter group delay more closely matches human auditory latency. An inverse frequency transform back into the warped time domain is used to produce the compression filter coefficients that are convolved with the outputs of the all-pass delay line to give the processed output signal.

Abstract: In an electroacoustic transducer (1), an annular shaped magnet system (14) is provided, enclosing an inner space (22), in which inner space (22) an integrated circuit (31) is accommodated, with the aid of which integrated circuit (31) an electrical signal to be sent to a moving coil (29) of transducer (1) can be amplified.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a vibrating plate of a dynamic microphone and a method of manufacturing the vibrating plate, the vibrating plate having a sub-dome and a center dome to which a voice coil is bonded by an adhesive. A mechanical intensity of the vibrating plate is increased without the vibrating plate formed to a double structure, as well as having an enhanced shock-resistance. According to FIG. 1e, a vibrating plate 1 of a dynamic microphone includes a center dome 10 with an electricity generating voice coil 30 and a sub-dome 20 connecting and communicating with the outer circumference of the center dome 10. The voice coil 30 is bonded to the center dome 10 with a first ultraviolet curing-resin 50 which has relatively high viscosity before hardening and relatively low hardness after hardening. A reinforcing resin layer 60a is integratedly formed in the inner surface of the center dome.

Abstract: A pattern generating section forms two patterns based on a pattern size, an embedding strength, and a pattern attenuation ratio. When corresponding pixels in two patterns are added to each other, all of elements become zero. When all of pixels in each of patterns are added to each other, the added pixels become zero. Each of patterns has two edges, which include discontinuous pixel values and pass through a center portion of each of patterns in difference directions from each other. Absolute values of pixel values of the patterns are the largest at a center thereof. The absolute values of pixel values of the patterns decrease as being away from the center thereof. A pattern selecting section selects one of the two patterns in response to additional information. A pattern superimposing section superimposes the additional information on the image data to embed it into the image data.

Abstract: A method and system are disclosed for estimating a position of moving objects in a set of image data. In accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present invention, a position of an object is identified in a first frame of image data acquired at a first time. The object is determined to be undetected in a second frame of image data acquired at a second time. Movement of the object is estimated to determine its estimated position in the second frame of image data using at least one of velocity and acceleration of the object and time between frames of image data. The estimated position is used to determine a position of the object in a third frame of image data acquired at a third time.

Abstract: A mobile apparatus is provided, which includes a plurality of imaging devices, a measurement device for measuring a current position and direction of the imaging devices, a map data storing section which stores map data including at least registered information on positions of stationary objects, a recognized distance calculating section which obtains a parallax for a plurality of images, a reference distance calculating section which calculates a reference distance from the imaging devices to a front border of each stationary object, a retracting section for determining a range of image processing, which selects a set of pixels to be processed so as to generate a retracted image, a detecting section for detecting objects from the retracted image, a transport device, and a transport controller for controlling movement of the transport device according to information about the objects detected by the detecting section.

Abstract: Text, images, and/or graphics of electronic documents should be organized and laid out in a two-dimensional format for presentation to the viewer. The best such layout depends upon the content present, the creator's intent, the output device, and the viewer's interests. To analyze the qualitative nature of the layout in quantifiable terms, the electronic document is measure using various quantifiable factors; such as, balance, uniformity, white space management, alignment, consistency, legibility, etc.; that impact a qualitative nature of a document. Such quantifiable factors are then used to quantize the aesthetics, ease of use, eye-catching ability, interest, communicability, comfort, and convenience of the document.

Abstract: An iris identification system for confirming identity of a person and method thereof are disclosed. The iris identification system comprises a mode converter for selecting one of registration and identification modes, an image input means, a luminance adjustment module, a registration module, an identification module, a reference iris image storage, and a main control unit. The registration module captures iris images when the registration mode is selected, preprocesses the captured iris image, defines the preprocessed iris image as main, auxiliary, negative main and compensation data, encodes the defined data, and registers the encoded data as data of the reference iris images; The identification module captures an iris image when the identification mode is selected, preprocesses the captured iris image, defines the preprocessed iris image as main, auxiliary, negative main and compensation data, encodes the defined data, and analyzes similarity both data.

Abstract: A method of reliably capturing biometric print images includes determining the print quality of a scanned image, detecting prints in the scanned image, and determining whether the scanned image is ready for capture. The method includes filtering the scanned image, binarizing the filtered image, detecting print area, print contrast, and print shape of the binarized image, and separating the print image into individual print images based on the print area, contrast, and shape. Each individual print image is classified base on a predetermined quality threshold and a quality classification of each individual print image is indicated. The method includes a predetermined capture delay time period, quality time period, and scanner timeout period. An operator can annotate issues regarding missing or unacceptable print images. A system of reliably capturing biometric print images includes a scanner including a print capture manager, a computer, and a communication link between the computer and scanner.

Abstract: A capacitive micro pressure sensing member and a fingerprint sensor using the same. The sensing member includes a substrate, a first suspended structure, a first protrusion structure, and a second suspended structure. The first suspended structure is located above the substrate and includes a suspended thin plate and at least one compliant suspension arm connected to the suspended thin plate, which is movable so that a distance from the suspended thin plate to the substrate is changed. The first protrusion structure is arranged at a center portion of a top surface of the suspended thin plate. The second suspended structure is arranged on a top surface of the first protrusion structure with a center portion of the second suspended structure contacting the first protrusion structure. The second suspended structure covers the first suspended structure to form a sealed chamber together with the substrate.

Abstract: An imaging system employs method of labeling orthogonal images. The method comprises: identifying a primary image taken in a first plane; identifying a plurality of secondary images taken in planes orthogonal to the first plane; associating a label to a point in the primary image; calculating a distance from the point to a line of intersection between the primary image and each secondary image in the plurality of images; and associating the label to a secondary image in the plurality of secondary images having a line of intersection with the primary image closest to the point.