Abstract: Disclosed is a chair that includes a support assembly. The support assembly should have a seat that is positioned on its top and should also have a back rest extending upward from the support assembly adjacent a side of the seat. Also, at least one storage compartment can be in sliding communication with the support assembly. And the disclosed chair can also include a clothes-hanger positioned on a top portion of a back surface of the back rest.

Abstract: A submersible table and seat assembly suitable for use in a swimming pool. The submersible assembly includes a base, a table, and seats. The base has a hollow interior capable of being filled with a flowable material in an amount sufficient to enable the submersible assembly to rest on the bottom of the swimming pool. The table and the seats are supported on the base and adjustably connected to the base to enable the table and seats to be raised and lowered relative to the base, so that the table and the seats are adjustable to accommodate varying depths of the swimming pool. Fluid passages are present within the base and/or the seats, jets are fluidically coupled to the fluid passages, and a conduit is connected to the fluid passages for flowing a pressurized fluid through the jets.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to a juvenile belt positioning booster car seat which folds, has an adjustable back height, and has folding armrests which ships in a minimally sized carton thereby reducing shipping and warehousing costs and which has a smoother exterior surface and enclosed height adjust mechanism to prevent pinch points and protect vehicle upholstery.

Abstract: A seat support includes a lumbar, a foam pad, trim wires, and an actuator. The lumbar is supported by and actuated between trim wires which are embedded within the seat's foam pad. The actuator is connected to and adjusts the lumbar relative to the foam pad. The foam pad preferably includes passages through which fasteners can extend between the lumbar to the trim wires.

Abstract: An adjustable lumbar support has a guide wire assembly and a support basket, at least one of which comprises overmolded plastic components, wherein the support basket is slidably engaged with the guide wire assembly, and at least one actuator operably engaged with the support basket.

Abstract: A longitudinal adjuster for a vehicle seat includes a displacement sensor (21), which can interact with a seat rail, and a control signal emitter (41), which can be displaced in relation to the displacement sensor (21). The relative movement of the signal emitter (41) in relation to the displacement sensor (21) reproducing, from a starting position, the longitudinal displacement carried out. The control signal emitter (41) is subjected to a control torque, at the latest once the stored longitudinal position of the seat has been reached, and then controls at least one blocking element (73) which interacts with the seat rail by way of a control spring (51). A control bearing (45) is arranged between the control signal emitter (41) and the control spring (51), which guides the control signal emitter (41) and which supports the control spring (51).

Abstract: A motor vehicle seat comprising a seat frame, a backrest, a longitudinal rail guide, a fixing device for locking the longitudinal rail guide in a pre-set longitudinal seating position, a coupling mechanism which is able to move together with the seat frame in the longitudinal rail direction, a memory unit, means for adjusting the memory unit and a locking device for the memory unit for the locking of a set memory position is provided. The locking device for locking the memory unit compring a locking element which may be brought into engagement with at least one locking point of the locking rail associated with the fixing device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to task chairs that support the body of the user in healthy positions while the user performs various tasks over extended sitting periods and that provide independent and independently adjustable support to the lower and the upper back.

Abstract: An actuator for a latch assembly for securing a latched member that is linked to a trigger. The trigger may be a shape memory alloy actuating element that is actuated in response to receiving an electrical signal. The trigger may be mechanically reset to a locked state by the latched member. A method of operating the latch is also disclosed wherein the trigger is actuated in response to an electrical signal resulting in a force being applied in a first direction to a cable that connects the trigger to release the latch. The trigger is reset by exerting mechanical force on the trigger in the opposite direction. The latch system may be applied to a vehicle seat having a seat back that pivots relative to a seat base to allow the seat back to pivot over the seat base.

Abstract: A seat for a motor vehicle, includes a backrest part and a seat part. The backrest part is configured to fold relative to the seat part from a normal position into a folded position and vice-versa. A lower seat structure is included and the seat is configured to move relative to the lower seat structure. At least one front first fastening, one rear second fastening and one diagonal fastening are provided to fasten the seat part to the lower seat structure. The seat is configured to adjust at least into an entry position and into a lowered position distinguishable from the normal position, and the second fastening is configured to release in the entry position. The diagonal fastening is configured to release in the lowered position.

Abstract: A device for stooping car headrests is provided. The device includes a housing in which a stay of a car headrest is pivotably coupled thereto, a main spring installed in the housing to bias the stay and the headrest in the forward direction, an arresting member pivotably and resiliently fixed to the housing for releasably holding the stay and a check member having a release and pivotably and resiliently coupled to the arresting member for controlling movement of the arresting member.

Abstract: A foldable headrest assembly for a seat includes a pair of posts engaged with an upper portion of the seat and a frame rotatably supported by the posts. A latch is moveably supported by the frame and includes a release pin. A release mechanism is coupled to the latch for moving the latch from a locked position preventing rotation of the frame relative to the posts to an unlocked position allowing rotation of the frame relative to the posts. The assembly further includes an inertia lock rotatably coupled to the frame. The inertia lock defines a stop slot corresponding to the release pin. In response to deceleration of the frame, e.g., resulting from a collision of the vehicle, the inertia lock rotates to a triggered position whereby the stop slot receives the release pin and limits movement of the release pin thereby maintaining the latch in the locked position.

Abstract: A seat structure which can ameliorate fatigue of a sitting person in accordance with a long period of sitting is provided. In a vehicle seat 10, a back edge side of a lower layer sheet 50 of a cushion material 20, of which a front edge side is fixed to a front edge side of a sitting portion frame 14, is resiliently connected to a back edge side of the sitting portion frame 14 via a movable frame 34 and a torsion bar 46, which is a resilient member. The cushion material 20 has a spring zero characteristic in which a spring constant of a portion that supports a protrusion portion of the sitting person is smaller than a spring constant of other portions. This vehicle seat 10 makes smaller the energy of vibrations which are transmitted to a spinal column portion of the sitting person through the sitting portion frame 14, and peripheral portions thereof convert vibrations corresponding to fluctuations in the body and transmit these through the sitting portion frame 14.

Abstract: In at least one embodiment, the present invention provides a vehicle seat assembly comprising a cushion having an “A” surface and a “B” surface, a central portion, and two bolster areas, with each bolster area being adjacent the central portion, with the cushion having a hardness gradient between at least one of the bolster areas and the central portion of between 8% to 25%.

Abstract: A chair having a base, a seat support mounted on the base, and a seat back support coupled with the seat support. The chair further includes a seat support assembly coupled with the seat support and a back support assembly coupled with the back support. The seat support assembly is a multi layered piece having a base layer, an intermediate layer, a gel pad, a tail pad, and a top layer. Once assembled the seat support assembly has a relief area that corresponds to the tail bone region of the user. The back support assembly is multi layered piece having a base layer, an intermediate layer, a support pad assembly, and a top layer. The ordering of the layers and the orientation of the support pad assembly provide support to the user without any direct or focalized pressure being distributed to specific regions of the body.

Abstract: A padded seating cushion having a main section at the front end and a pair of arms extending rearwardly therefrom to define a generally U-shaped aperture open and extending to the rear of the cushion to support the user's ischial portions while alleviating direct pressure on the coccyx. The arms define an inner section having inner side walls defining a thermal transfer chamber in which a thermal transfer unit is placed to selectively provide heat or cold for the user. The thermal transfer unit attaches to a lower chamber member that attaches to the arms. The thermal transfer unit comprises a thermal unit disposed in a thermal container, preferably in the form of a pouch. The cushion attaches to a seat with removably attached straps connected to ring members on each side of the cushion, providing a padded surface that does not shift with the movements of the user.

Abstract: An apparatus for assembling a liner from a plurality of longitudinal sections of flexible material having longitudinal edges adapted to be joined one to another to form the liner includes a path means along which the longitudinal sections of flexible material can be conveyed in a laterally reduced condition, an assembly zone at which the longitudinal edges can be joined together to form the liner, and a guide structure about which the flexible material can turn upon exiting from the path means to provide an inner section and an outer section turned back with respect to the inner section. The guide structure presents a guide, surface over which the longitudinal sections of flexible material can pass, the surface being configured to facilitate spreading of each longitudinal section from the laterally reduced condition.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods to balance a wheel which rotates around an axle. The wheel has a rim having an outer surface and an opposite interior surface positioned circumferentially around the axle. A plurality of rotor drive keys are mounted at the interior surface of the rim. At least one rotor drive key having a different weight than the other rotor drive keys is mounted approximately opposite an abnormal weight in order to balance the wheel.

Abstract: A pneumatic emergency brake release timer comprises a high capacity transfer valve, a timing reservoir in communication with the pilot port of the high capacity transfer valve, the check valve and choke circuit providing parallel connections between the main source of pressure and the reservoir through a check valve and opposite flow through a dissipating choke.

Abstract: In a transportation system comprising a fluid carrying brake pipe (14) connecting controlling member of the system and a controlled member (e.g., 12) a method of adaptively disabling an ability of the controlled member to respond to an unexpected brake pipe flow condition includes determining a braking state of the transportation system. The method also includes determining a degree of change in a brake pipe pressure during the braking state. The method further includes disabling an ability of the controlled member to respond to an unexpected brake pipe flow condition for a time period responsive to the braking state and the degree of change in the brake pipe pressure so that an undesired operation of the controlled member is limited.

Abstract: A system and method for utilizing antenna diversity inherent in a locomotive consist is disclosed. This system increases the probability of message reception from an EOT unit and minimizes LCU failure limitations. The method includes the steps of (a) receiving an EOT message at a trailing locomotive; (b) passing the EOT message to a lead locomotive LCU; and (c) accepting the EOT message at the lead locomotive LCU only if the lead locomotive LCU has not already directly received the EOT message from the EOT unit.

Abstract: In an unstable driving situation of a vehicle with an electronically controlled hydraulic brake system with a front/rear split of brake circuits, for instance during a lane change, the inlet valve of one of the two front wheel brakes may be closed for the ESC in order to raise the pressure in only the other wheel brake of the brake circuit. If then the vehicle runs the risk of tipping over, ARP sets in. The vehicle path needs to be readjusted to reduce lateral forces. The ARP demands a pressure build-up in the curve-outer front wheel brake. The corresponding inlet valve will be opened for the ARP to allow a pressure build-up. However, the ESC may still demand a higher pressure on the initially actuated wheel brake to counter understeering. In this event, the inlet valve of the curve-inner wheel brake, which is under high pressure from the ESC intervention, will remain open to allow a cross-flow of brake fluid from the ESC wheel to the ARP wheel.

Abstract: A system and a method for a controllable power-assisted application of pressure includes a force sensor capable of sensing a user-applied force; and a force generator responsive to the sensed user-applied force and capable of generating a force that is applied to a pressure-applying device. A force magnitude of the force applied to the pressure-applying device is based on a magnitude of the sensed user-applied force. One embodiment provides that the force applied to the pressure-applying device by the force generator exerts a predetermined amount of pressure against a surface. Another embodiment provides that the force magnitude is greater than a magnitude of the sensed user-applied force. Yet another embodiment provides that the force magnitude is proportional to a magnitude of the sensed user-applied force.

Abstract: A braking system includes a brake actuator which is moveable by pressurised hydraulic fluid fed to the actuator along a transmission line, in a first direction, to move a brake applying member to apply a braking force to a member to be braked, a master valve including an operating piston which upon operation of a brake operating member, moves in an operating cylinder, to direct the hydraulic fluid under pressure to the transmission line to apply the brake, the system further including a charging valve, the charging valve being operable when activated, to deliver a predetermined volume of pressurised hydraulic fluid to the master valve to move the brake applying member in the first direction towards the member to be braked to reduce the clearance between them, and the operating piston, when the charging valve is deactivated, being moveable in the operating cylinder to allow hydraulic fluid to pass from the transmission line thus to permit the brake actuator to move in a second direction opposite to the first d

Abstract: A negative pressure supply apparatus for brake booster, arranged to supply an intake-pipe negative pressure in an engine intake system to a brake booster mounted in a vehicle, comprises a negative pressure supply part communicated with a bypass passage which allows part of air flowing in the intake pipe to bypass the intake pipe and supplies the intake-pipe negative pressure to the brake booster; an air ejector part placed in the bypass passage to increase the intake-pipe negative pressure and supply the increased negative pressure to the brake booster; and an open/close device including a temperature-sensitive medium, the device being placed in the bypass passage upstream of the air ejector part and configured to open and close the bypass passage.

Abstract: The invention relates to a valve control unit, made up of three valve units, preferably as a pilot unit (1) for two brake channels of an electropneumatic brake system, whereby each valve unit is embodied as a valve modulator device (7) for a braking pressure control circuit made up of an air inlet valve (22) with a primary solenoid (22a) and a bleed valve (23) with a secondary solenoid (23a), whereby each armature is provided with a common solenoid guide arrangement (10), controlled by the magnetic flux of a common magnetic coil (11).

Abstract: A track roller unit for a vehicle has at least one pivotable subframe, at least one further pivotable subframe, wherein each of the subframes rotatably accommodates at least one land wheel, at least one subframe is pivotably mountable on the vehicle, and at least the further substrate is pivotally mounted on the one subframe.

Abstract: A transmitter IC is disposed on a first substrate. The transmitter IC supplies a pair of differential signals. A pair of bus lines is disposed on the first substrate. The pair of bus lines has each connection to receive the pair of differential signals. A terminating register is disposed on the first substrate. The terminating register is electrically connected to one end of the pair of bus lines. N pairs of first branch lines are disposed on the first substrate. Each of the N pairs of first branch lines is branched from the pair of bus lines. N pairs of second branch lines are disposed on a second substrate. Each of the N pairs of second branch lines is electrically connected to each of the N pairs of first branch lines. N units of receiver ICs are disposed on a third substrate. Each of the N units of receiver ICs is electrically connected to each of the N pairs of second branch lines.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for providing backup community power. The improved system is able to deliver power to a community in the event of power failure of the lines feeding it by way of a large scale generator being integrated with the existing power lines in a community and being selectively switched between power sources to maintain electrical power to a community.

Abstract: A vibrator has a cup-shaped casing, a substrate provided to close an upper end opening of the casing, a magnetic circuit assembly provided in the casing, a first suspension and a second suspension that support the magnetic circuit assembly from above and below, and a voice coil secured to the substrate and inserted into a magnetic gap in the magnetic circuit assembly. The first suspension has an inner fixed portion that is secured to the substrate and that has a radially inner ring-shaped portion and a pair of extensions extending radially outward from mutually diametrically opposing positions on the ring-shaped portion. The first suspension further has a pair of leaf spring portions arcuately extending from the respective extensions through an angle of about 270 ° in symmetry to each other around the axis of the voice coil.

Abstract: The solenoid is capable of generating great thrust and having broad-ranging thrust characteristics. The solenoid of the present invention comprises: a guide pipe formed into a cylindrical shape and provided inside of an excitation coil; a movable element having a small diameter section and a large diameter section; a first yoke part covering one end face of the excitation coil, the first yoke part having a first facing surface, which faces an outer circumferential face of the small diameter section of the movable element, and a second facing surface, which faces one end face of the small diameter section; and a second yoke part covering the other end face of the excitation coil, the second yoke part having a third facing surface, which faces an outer circumferential face of the large diameter section of the movable element, and a fourth facing surface, which faces one end face of the large diameter section.

Abstract: A secondary part of an electric machine has a toothed profile, with at least one tooth being unlaminated. The at least one tooth is made of at least two materials, wherein the at least one tooth forms a cavity which is filled with an iron-containing material representing one of the two materials.

Abstract: In bearing mechanism for a motor spinning a storage disk about a center axis, an interference-fit portion of a shaft is interference-fitted into a through hole of a bushing from an axial lower side thereof such that the shaft is fixed to a rotor hub. The interference-fit portion of the shaft is defined with an upper section, a lower section, and a concave portion. When the shaft is interference-fitted into the bushing, the upper and lower sections engage with the bushing, and the concave portion radially faces an inner surface of the bushing with a gap defined therebetween.

Abstract: A power generating system includes a torque converter system receiving a rotational motion having a first torque from a source and producing a rotational output having a second torque different from the first torque, a transfer system having a first portion coupled to the rotational output of the torque converter system and a second portion magnetically coupled to the first portion, and a generator system coupled to the transfer system to produce and electrical output.

Abstract: A magnetoelectric generator according to the present invention includes: a bowl-shaped flywheel that rotates around an axis of rotation; a permanent magnet unit that is fixed to an inner circumferential wall surface of the flywheel and in which adjacent permanent magnets are linked by means of a linking member; a stator core that is disposed inside the permanent magnet unit and that has a plurality of teeth that project radially outward; and a generating coil that is configured by winding conducting wire onto each of the teeth.

Abstract: An electrical machine to facilitate transporting fluids through a pipeline is provided. The electrical machine includes a rotor assembly that further includes an array of magnets configured to generate a distributed magnetic field. The rotor assembly has corrosion-resistant features that facilitates mitigating deleterious effects to the rotor assembly while being exposed to aggressive and harsh fluids.

Abstract: A DC electric motor apparatus includes a stationary magnet set which includes an outer, hollow-cylindrical stationary magnet set portion and an inner, solid-cylindrical stationary magnet set portion centrally located inside the outer, hollow-cylindrical stationary magnet set portion, wherein an armature-nesting space is located between the outer, hollow-cylindrical stationary magnet set portion and the inner, solid-cylindrical stationary magnet set portion. A rotatable armature assembly includes a hollow-cylindrical armature winding set which is received in the armature-nesting space. A drive assembly is connected to the rotatable armature assembly. Electric current pickup means are electrically connected to the rotatable armature assembly. Housing means are provided for housing the stationary magnet set, the rotatable armature assembly, a portion of the drive assembly, and a portion of the electric current pickup means.

Abstract: A motor (2) includes a carbon brush holder device (16) for reversing the rotating direction of the motor (2) and which has a brush holder (18) which is rotatable relative to the stator (8) of the motor (2) in clockwise running position and counterclockwise running position, two carbon brush guides which electrically connected to the stator (8) in both running positions by a switching arrangement (45) and provided at the brush holder (18), with the switching arrangement (45) having stator-side switching contact means and brush-side switching contact means which produce different contacts in the clockwise running position and the counterclockwise running position for reversing the polarity of the motor (2), and with the switching contact means are being encapsulated relative to the rest of the carbon brush holder device (16).

Abstract: A fuel pump includes a pump unit, a motor unit, a brush, and a pigtail. The pump unit boosts a pressure of fuel that is drawn into the fuel pump. The motor unit has an armature that rotates and a commutator that rectifies electric current, which is supplied to the armature. The pump unit is driven by rotating of the armature. The fuel, the pressure of which is boosted by the pump unit, passes through the motor unit. The brush contacts the commutator. The pigtail is connected to the brush and supplies electricity to the armature via the brush. The pigtail is made from a copper alloy, which includes at least one of a corrosion-resistant metal that has higher sulfide formation energy than copper and a corrosion-resistant metal that has higher oxide formation energy than copper.

Abstract: A tandem vehicle alternator has dual electrical power generation units. Each generation unit has a Lundel type rotor core and a stator coil. The Lundel type rotor cores are arranged in a tandem arrangement in the vehicle alternator. Each stator coil is composed of sequential segment joining type stator coils. A center position of an inside disk part in a pair of disk parts, placed at the outside of the rotor core, is positioned within a width of an armature iron core as a stator core. This configuration enlarges a gap between inner coil ends faced to each other in the adjacent stator coils at the inside in the axis direction, cools those inner coil ends, and reduces a mutual inductance generated between the inner coil ends. The feature improves the output of the vehicle alternator and enhances the independent control of each generation unit.

Abstract: Provided are a radial core type brushless direct-current (BLDC) motor and a method of making the same, having an excellent assembly capability of division type stator cores in a double rotor structure BLDC motor. The BLDC motor includes a rotational shaft, an integrated double rotor including an inner rotor and an outer rotor, and a rotor supporter wherein a trench type space is formed between the inner rotor and the outer rotor, and an end extended from the inner rotor is connected with the outer circumferential surface of a bushing combined with the rotational shaft, and an integrated stator wherein one end of the stator is disposed in the trench type space and an extension axially extended from the other end of the integrated stator is fixed to the housing of the apparatus.

Abstract: Body wedge blocks are provided adjacent the end of the rotor body that have a forward facing axial end that is aerodynamically streamlined. Thus, between adjacent body wedge blocks a flow passage for cooling air is created that allows gradual contraction of the flow from the endwinding region toward the subslot ducts, thereby reducing pressure losses.

Abstract: A driving apparatus comprises: an electro-mechanical conversion element; a driving member that drives backwards and forwards in a straight line in response to extension and contraction of the electro-mechanical conversion element which are brought about by a drive signal being supplied thereto; a driven member, frictionally engaged with the driving member, that moves backwards and forwards in a straight line along the driving member by driving the driving member; and a drive control unit that divides a whole traveling area of one or both of an outgoing traveling path and an incoming traveling path of the driven member into a plurality of divided areas and supplies different drive signals to the divided areas so as to implement a drive control.

Abstract: A head assembly includes a suspension having a gimbal, a flexible printed wiring sheet having a plurality of conductor patterns and adhered to the suspension, first and second piezoelectric actuators mounted on the gimbal, and a head slider mounted on the first and second piezoelectric actuators. The first and second piezoelectric actuators are adhered to the gimbal at end portion adhesion portions symmetrical with respect to the center of pivotal motion thereof and are adhered to the head slider at end portion adhesion portions on the opposite side disposed symmetrically with respect to the center of pivotal motion similarly. Consequently, when a voltage is applied to the first and second piezoelectric actuators through the flexible printed wiring sheet, a couple of forces can be generated which vary the posture of the head slider only in one direction around the center of pivotal motion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling an ultrasonic unit f an ultrasonic cleaning system with at least one control unit, one generator unit and one hand-held unit containing the ultrasonic unit and one switching module provided for starting the ultrasonic unit, wherein mechanical oscillations can be generated via the ultrasonic unit and transmitted to an instrument that is mechanically connected to the ultrasonic unit. In a preferred embodiment, the resonant frequency required for operation of the ultrasonic unit in resonance is determined by a control routine executed in the control unit, and a control signal (ss) based on the determined resonant frequency is generated in the generator unit and is sent to the ultrasonic unit for operation of the ultrasonic unit in resonance.

Abstract: A process for producing a piezoelectric device constituted by a first electrode, at least one second electrode, and a piezoelectric film sandwiched between the first electrode and the at least one second electrode so that an electric field can be applied to the piezoelectric film. First, a seed layer of a material containing at least one element is formed on a substrate, and then the first electrode is formed on the seed layer. Next, the at least one element is diffused through the first electrode so that the at least one element precipitates on a surface of the first electrode on the opposite side to the seed layer, and then the piezoelectric film is formed on the first electrode.

Abstract: An oscillator includes at least one of: (i) a parallel array of resistors (420, 421, 422, 701, 801, 901, 902) or magnetoresistive contacts to a magnetoresistive film (120, 320); and (ii) a series array of resistors (620, 621, 702, 902) or magnetoresistive contacts to individualized areas of at least one magnetoresistive film.

Abstract: Provided is a piezoelectric vibrator that can finely drive a device by generating an elliptical motion using a combination of a longitudinal vibration and a flexural vibration. The piezoelectric vibrator can also provide high efficiency and be manufactured at low cost by using a simpler structure. The piezoelectric vibrator includes a piezoelectric element, first to third side electrodes, and a power transmission member. The piezoelectric element includes: a first piezoelectric element layer having a bisected top electrode formed thereon; a second piezoelectric element provided under the first piezoelectric element layer and having an internal ground electrode formed thereon; and a third piezoelectric element provided under the second piezoelectric element layer, the third piezoelectric element having an internal electrode symmetrical with the top electrode with respect to a stack plane, and a bottom electrode formed in a plane opposite to the plane where the internal electrode is formed.

Abstract: A stacked piezoelectric element comprising a driving unit and a non-driving unit, and a vibration wave driving apparatus, which are capable of suppressing occurrences of deformation, particularly warping, that are generated during firing and polarization of the stacked piezoelectric element. A driving unit has a first conductive layer and a first piezoelectric layer consisting of a piezoelectric material, which is driven by an application of voltage to the first conductive layer to generate vibration on the stacked piezoelectric element. A non-driving unit has a plurality of second conductive layers and a plurality of second piezoelectric layers consisting of the piezoelectric material, which is arranged to have a thickness that enables generation of the vibration.

Abstract: Provided is a piezoelectric element including a monolithic piezoelectric substrate that can prevent not only migration between internal electrodes, but also deterioration resulting from a decrease in the degree of polarization even when temperature changes are repeatedly applied to the piezoelectric element. A piezoelectric element 1, in which a first external electrode 4 and a second external electrode 5 are formed on a first side face 2c and a second side face 2d, respectively, of a monolithic piezoelectric substrate 2 including first internal electrodes 3b and 3d placed at a first electric potential and second internal electrodes 3a, 3c and 3e placed at a second electric potential, which is different from the first electric potential, stacked with piezoelectric layers interposed therebetween, and exterior portions 6 and 7 for preventing migration are provided to cover a third side face 2e and a fourth side face 2f.