Abstract: A transflective display includes a liquid crystal (LC) panel having an array of pixels defining a viewing area, the panel being disposed between a front and back polarizer. The display also includes a backlight and a transflector, except that the transflector may optionally be or include the back polarizer. The transflector is disposed between the LC panel and the backlight. The backlight produces multiple light components that are separated spatially over the viewing area to give the display a full color appearance in the transmissive viewing mode. The multiple light components may be, for example, red, green, and blue light components, or another set of light components capable of producing white light. The display can provide a monochrome image in reflection and a full color image in transmission.

Abstract: A transflective display includes a liquid crystal (LC) panel having an array of pixels defining a viewing area, the panel being disposed between a front and back polarizer. The display also includes a backlight and a transflector, except that the transflector may optionally be or include the back polarizer. The transflector is disposed between the LC panel and the backlight. The backlight produces multiple light components that are separated temporally to give the display a full color appearance in the transmissive viewing mode. The multiple light components may be, for example, red, green, and blue light components, or another set of light components capable of producing white light in the eye of the observer when modulated rapidly.

Abstract: The present invention is characterized by being a rectangular liquid crystal display module which includes a liquid crystal display element in which a liquid crystal cell is sandwiched between a pair of polarizing plates, an optical sheet overlaid on the back face side of the liquid crystal display element, and a surface illuminant backlight overlaid on the back face side of the optical sheet, wherein the optical sheet includes a resin substrate film having an optical anisotropy, and provided that: with respect to the short side orientation as a base, angle of the polarization orientation of the rays of light outgoing from the backlight front face is designated as ?; and angle of the transmission axial orientation of the back face side-polarizing plate is designated as ?, the angle of the crystallographic axial orientation of the substrate film falls within the range of ±50% of a value ? (i.e., 0.5×? or greater and 1.

Abstract: Transflective liquid crystal display device (100,200) comprising a set of polarisers and compensators sandwiching a liquid crystal layer (15) of parallel alignement type, designed for the purpose of improving the viewing angle characteristics of the device, in particular the dark state (voltage on-state) and the contrast. In the reflective part, the arrangement of optical elements consists of a polariser (11), a (biaxial or uniaxial) first retarder (12), a (biaxial of unaxial) second retarder (13), a negative uniaxial third retarder (14) and a liquid crystal cell (15) with well defined orientations of the respective optical axes to each other. In the transmissive part, the arrangement of retarders and polariser as arranged on the viewer side is repeated in reverse order on the backlight side of the liquid crystal device.

Abstract: An electronic aperture comprises first and second polarizers and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second polarizers. The liquid crystal layer comprises a plurality of liquid crystals having an angular orientation that varies as a function of position. In one exemplary embodiment, the angular orientation of the liquid crystals varies as a function of distance from an optical axis.

Abstract: An active matrix substrate, comprises: a plurality of first wiring on a base; a plurality of second wiring intersecting a plurality of the first wiring; an insulating film insulating the first wiring and the second wiring; a plurality of pixel electrodes adjacent to the second wiring; and a semiconductor film formed corresponding to each of the plurality of the pixel electrodes. The semiconductor film overlays at least one intersection of a plurality of intersections, in which the plurality of the first wiring intersect the plurality of the second wiring, and one of the plurality of the pixel electrodes.

Abstract: An array substrate for an in-plane switching mode liquid crystal display device includes a substrate, a gate line disposed along a first direction on the substrate, a data line disposed along a second direction and crossing the gate line to define a pixel region, a thin film transistor connected to the gate line and the data line, pixel electrodes disposed in the pixel region and connected to the thin film transistor, common electrodes disposed in the pixel region and alternating with the pixel electrodes, a semiconductor layer underlying the data line and including a portion having a width greater than a width of the data line, and a first blocking pattern comprising an opaque material and disposed under the semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a substrate for holding a liquid crystal. The substrate includes switching elements, a first insulating layer which overlies the switching elements and which has contact holes located at positions corresponding to the switching elements, first transparent electrodes which overlie the first insulating layer and which are electrically connected to the switching elements through the contact holes, a second insulating layer overlying the first transparent electrodes, and second transparent electrodes which overlie the second insulating layer and which each have a plurality of slits for generating electric fields between the first and second transparent electrodes, the second transparent electrodes not overlapping the contact holes in plan view.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device that includes: a liquid crystal display panel configured by a pair of substrates sandwiching therebetween a liquid crystal material with a positive dielectric anisotropy; and a flat-shaped common electrode and a pixel electrode disposed on one of the pair of substrates with an overlay, via an insulator layer, between the common electrode and the pixel electrode when viewed from above. In the liquid crystal display device, the pixel electrode is extended in a first direction, and includes a plurality of comb-like electrode sections aligned in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, and the comb-like electrode sections of the pixel electrode are varied in width in the second direction for a plurality of times at intervals shorter than a side extending in the first direction.

Abstract: An in-plane switching (IPS) mode liquid crystal display (LCD) and its fabrication method are disclosed. Common lines are formed at upper and lower portions of a pixel region to reduce a line width of the common lines and to reduce resistance of the common lines. A gate line is formed at the center of the pixel region to divide the pixel region into two regions in which pixel electrode connection lines and common electrode connection lines are arranged to crisscross each other to thus improve a luminance characteristic due to a parasitic capacitance deflection.

Abstract: In a flat display panel having a panel and a flexible board connected and fixed to each other through an anisotropic conductive film, a surface end of a solder resist formed on the flexible board is located to face a surface end of an insulating film layer formed on the panel. Conductive particles contained in the anisotropic conductive film flowing out during a compression bonding process aggregate in a non-connection region due to the thickness of the insulating resin layer. This makes it possible to substantially completely prevent the short-circuit problem due to the aggregation of the conductive particles.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer, and a black matrix layer. A sealant is put between the first and the second substrates and connecting them to define an enclosed space, and the liquid crystal layer is provided in the enclosed space. An overlap region is formed between the sealant and the first substrate or between the sealant and the second substrate, and only part of the overlap region is spread with the black matrix layer.

Abstract: An LCD having switchable viewing angles comprises a display panel and a light source. The display panel comprises a first and a second substrates and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and the second substrates, wherein the liquid crystal layer comprises a phase retardation having a predetermined range of value more than wavelength of light produced form the light source so that the LCD displays at least a bright state and at least two dark states, or displays at least two bright states and at least a dark state. Therefore, the LCD provides switchable viewing angles.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes first and second substrates, a fence, a liquid crystal layer and a plurality of spacers. The first substrate includes a display region for displaying an image. The second substrate faces the first substrate. The fence is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The fence surrounds the display. The spacers maintain the distance between the first and second substrates. The spacers have a gradually increasing compression ratio in a direction from a center of the display region to an edge of the display region. The liquid crystal display apparatus maintains a uniform cell gap, even though a compressive stress of a center portion of the liquid crystal display apparatus is different with a compressive stress of an edge portion of the liquid crystal display apparatus. Therefore, display quality is enhanced.

Abstract: A decorative label attaching to the spectacles includes a pair of wide frames connected by a bridge, a pair of lenses respectively disposed into the frames and a pair of wide temples respectively hinged with the outer periphery of the frames by a pair of screws. The temples each has a dovetail groove in an outer surface abutting front end thereof for slidably engaging with a pair dovetail decorative labels respectively. It is characterized in that the decorative label is varied in form and versatile in style in order to attract people.

Abstract: A spectacle set includes a primary spectacle and a detachable shelter frame. The primary spectacle includes two lenses, a primary bridge extended between two inner sides of the lenses respectively. The detachable shelter frame includes two shelter lenses, a shelter bridge extended between two inner sides of the shelter lenses, and a mounting arrangement comprising first through third supporting members spacedly and rearwardly extended from the shelter bridge to engage on the primary bridge so as to support the shelter lenses aligning with the lenses respectively, and a retention member rearwardly extending to apply an urging force against the primary bridge to engage with the primary bridge when the detachable shelter frame is mounted in front of the primary spectacle so as to substantially retain the detachable shelter frame in a balance manner.

Abstract: A combination eye glass case and reading light. Such eye glass case includes an elongated generally hollow glass housing member for receiving a pair of glasses therein. The housing member is open at a first end thereof and is generally rectangular both in plan view and in a cross sectional view in each of a longitudinal direction and a direction transverse to such longitudinal direction. A cap member engages the housing member and closing such open first end thereof. A light fixture is hingedly attached to a second end of such housing member for providing a light at least sufficient to read by. A power source is disposed within the housing member and connected to such light fixture for providing power thereto. A switch means is disposed on such housing member and electrically connected between the power source and the light fixture to turn on and off such light fixture.

Abstract: An earpiece-less lenticular eyeglass frame and removable retainer strap. Attachment mechanisms on each side of the lenticular frame enable a retainer strap to be directly connected to the frame. The retainer strap includes an end-piece at each end of the strap that is compatible with the two attachment mechanisms for attaching the strap to the frame and for removing the strap from the frame. A sliding clasp is used to adjust tension on the retainer strap for different activities such as reading or playing sports. A user may remove the retainer strap to interchange straps or to move the retainer strap from one pair of eyeglasses to another. The absence of earpieces makes the eyeglasses more comfortable, lightweight, less bulky, and less susceptible to damage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to hydrophilic dicationic siloxane prepolymers with one polymerizable vinyl moiety instead of two polymerizable vinyl moieties, resulting in contact lenses and/or biomedical devices with reduced cross-link density and modulus without detracting from other properties.

Abstract: A scleral lens has an optical zone, a peripheral zone and a sagittal depth control zone between the optical zone and the peripheral zone. The sagittal depth control zone may be configured to raise the optical zone above the level of a person's eye when the scleral lens is in use and create a tear layer between the optical zone and the person's eye. Tear flow control features are provided in the sagittal depth control zone.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ophthalmic lens for long-sighted and intermediate vision comprising a complex surface provided with an optical centre, a substantially umbilicated meridian line and an average size sphere progression on the top surface equal to or greater than 0.50 diopters. The complex surface is provided in the top part thereof with a long-sighted vision area which is formed by cylinder points equal to or less than 0.25 diopters and covers an angular sector focused on the optical centre and whose angle is equal to 160°. Said complex surface also comprises an average size substantially constant sphere on the meridian line in the long-sighted vision area and a progression length equal to or less than 12 mm. Said progression length is defined as a vertical distance between the optical centre and a median point for which the average sphere if greater than 85% of progression on the average sphere in the optical centre.

Abstract: A method for the determination of a progressive ophthalmic lens for a given wearer comprises the stages of: determining the axial length (LA) of the wearer's eye, determining an ergorama associating a sight point with each direction of viewing under wearing conditions. determining power and resulting astigmatism defect targets for each direction of viewing under wearing conditions, the targets being a function of the axial length of the wearer's eye. calculating the power required on the lens for each direction of viewing by successive iterations in order to obtain the target power defect and the target resulting astigmatism.

Abstract: This invention includes methods and systems for processing hydrogel biomedical devices, such as ophthalmic lenses using polyethylene glycol to facilitate release of the devices from a mold part.

Abstract: A method for the determination by optical optimization of a personalized progressive ophthalmic lens intended to be inserted into a frame chosen by a given wearer for whom a power addition has been prescribed in near vision, the method comprising the stages of: measuring parameters representing the frame chosen by the wearer; choosing an initial distribution of power and resulting astigmatism defect targets for each direction of viewing under wearing conditions in an ordinary frame; calculating transformation coefficients using the measured parameters representing the chosen frame and standard parameters; calculating a personalized distribution of the power and resulting astigmatism defect targets on the lens by applying the calculated transformation coefficients to the initial distribution. The method makes it possible to retain the proportion of the distribution between the far-vision, near-vision and intermediate-vision zones whatever the size and the shape of the frame chosen.

Abstract: A method for the determination by optical optimization of a personalized progressive ophthalmic lens intended to be inserted into a frame chosen by a given wearer for whom a power addition has been prescribed in near vision, the method comprising the stages of: determining at least one parameter representing the frame chosen by the wearer; measuring parameters representing the wearer's head-eye behaviour; weighting the parameters representing the wearer's head-eye behaviour with the parameter representing the frame chosen by the wearer; determining power and resulting astigmatism defect targets for each direction of viewing under wearing conditions, the targets being associated with an individual merit function taking into account the weighted head-eye coordination parameters. The method allows the design of the lens to be adapted to the size and the shape of the frame chosen.

Abstract: An ophthalmic apparatus allows a fixation-target projecting unit for fundus observation to project a fixation target for fundus observation onto a position not coinciding with a center of a light path of an observation optical system but corresponding to a position to which a fixation target for anterior-ocular-observation is projected. Thus, it is not necessary for an operator to perform positioning and fixation guiding operations again, thereby contributing to a shorter imaging time and less complexity and trouble in the overall operation.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a pupillary reflex checking apparatus that enables a subject to check his own pupillary reflex and that keeps down cost and to provide a fatigue recovery facilitating apparatus that includes the pupillary reflex checking apparatus. The pupillary reflex apparatus of the present invention includes, as essential elements of its structure, a reflecting unit and a stimulus applying unit. Of these, the reflecting unit has a structure which includes an optical reflecting surface disposed in a plane that intersects with a visual axis of a subject such that an image of a pupil of a subject's eye is formed on the optical reflecting surface. Further, the stimulus applying unit applies a stimulus to induce the pupillary reflex in the subject. Specifically, it is possible to use a light source which gives a light stimulus to the subject's eye, such as an LED light source, an electric bulb, a strobe, or the like, as the stimulus applying unit.

Abstract: An electro-active phoropter and a method of using the electro-active phoropter to measure a patient's vision prescription is disclosed. The electro-active phoropter includes a series of individually addressable electro-active lenses. The lenses have either a positive or negative optical power when an electrical potential is applied across the lens and a neutral optical power when no electrical potential is applied across the lens. Each lens provides an optical power that is part of a net optical power of the series of lenses when a patient views through the phoropter. The optical power of the phoropter can be incrementally adjusted by changing the distribution of the electrical potential across the different lenses of the series to provide increasing or decreasing optical power until a patient achieves a desired level of clarity and a vision prescription has been determined.

Abstract: An integrated system to create relaxation in preparation for sleep, embodiments of the invention projects digital video content onto the ceiling or a wall while playing a synchronized audio track to engage the user. Content for the system is specially designed to create relaxation in preparation for sleep by engaging the user's interest with engaging stimulation content, transitioning to mild stimulation content, and then to low stimulation content. Higher stimulation content tracks would contain material that includes more activity, more colors, and the music more stimulating. The mild stimulation segment includes audio and video that has less movement and activity, fewer colors, and slower audio. The low stimulation content is designed to be low activity, and relaxing in nature so as to encourage relaxation and sleep. This segment is followed by content tagged as the nightlight segment.

Abstract: Post-production processing may be performed by receiving a film-processing order, determining a process useful in fulfilling film-processing order, identifying one or more resources available to perform the process useful in fulfilling the film-processing order, and scheduling with at least one of the identified resources to perform the process.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to optical imaging and specifically to methods and systems for generating observable real images. The method consists of steps in configuring an image source and optical components, and defining the position of an observer in such a way that a binocular observation leads to a perception of a three-dimensional object being located in front of a background, and/or “hanging in mid-air” in front of an apparatus designed in accordance with the present invention. Particular embodiments of the invention may include various apparatus for implementing the method.

Abstract: An LCoS projection system provides a form birefringent polarization beam splitter (PBS) having an output modulator port, a light modulating panel, and a biaxial compensation element between the output modulator port and the light modulating panel. In one embodiment, the biaxial compensation element is a biaxial quarter wave plate. In another embodiment, the biaxial compensation element includes a uniaxial quarter wave plate and a biaxial trim retarder. The biaxial compensation element provides improved contrast performance.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for blocking laser beams using a human body sensor in an image projector includes the steps of: monitoring, using the human body sensor, in a projected direction in which the image projector projects on a screen laser beams corresponding to a predetermined image; when an obstacle is sensed on the screen of the projected direction, measuring a temperature value of the obstacle by absorbing infrared (IR) rays emitted by the obstacle; comparing the measured temperature value of the obstacle to a pre-set temperature range; and if the measured temperature value of the obstacle is within the pre-set temperature range, blocking the laser beams corresponding to the predetermined image by stopping driving the image projector.

Abstract: A beam combiner and a projection system are disclosed. The projection system includes at least two light sources, a beam combiner, a light tunnel, a light modulator, and a screen. The beam combiner includes at least two prisms. Each prism includes a reflective surface and at least a combining surface. The reflective surface is coated with a high reflective coating and each prism is combined with another prism at the combining surface. The light modulator produces image signal. Light produced from the at least two light sources is reflected by the beam combiner, and enters the light tunnel and the light modulator sequentially, and the screen receives the image signal from the light modulator.

Abstract: An illumination system including a light integration rod, light source modules and a light guide element is provided. The light integration rod has a light incident end and a light exit end. The light source modules are disposed adjacent to the light incident end, and each light source module is suitable for providing a converging light beam. The light guide element is disposed adjacent to the light incident end and between the light source modules for guiding each light beam to be incident to the light integration rod. The optical axes of the light beams are parallel to each other and a distance exists between any two optical axes of the light beams. The light beams are combined inside the light integration rod and emitted from the light exit end to provide an illumination beam. Moreover, a projection apparatus having the illumination system is provided.

Abstract: An electronic device comprises a body having a side portion, a first heat source disposed in the body, a first heat dissipation unit generating a first initial airflow to substantially pass through the first heat source, a second heat source generating a second initial airflow to pass through the second heat source and to move toward the side portion of the body, a second heat dissipation unit, and a guiding element disposed on the path of the first and second initial airflows. The first and second initial airflows traveling through the guiding element is respectively converted into a first predetermined airflow and a second predetermined airflow. The first and second predetermined airflows are expelled by the second heat dissipation unit through the side portion of the body.

Abstract: A projector screen is shown comprising one or more markers arranged to be used by projection processing circuitry to calculate a user perceived distortion in an image to be projected on the projector screen. A related method, computer program and projection processing circuitry are also shown.

Abstract: A projection system includes a display apparatus comprising a plurality of tunable Fabry-Perot filters, each of the filters being configured for shifting between a state in which the filter transmits radiation in a bandwidth in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum and a state in which the filter transmits radiation in a bandwidth outside the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. An illuminator provides light to the plurality of Fabry-Perot filters. A control system receives image data and controls the display apparatus to project an image onto an associated display surface. The control system includes a modulator which provides wavelength modulation signals to the plurality of Fabry-Perot filters to modulate a color of pixels in the image and causes selected ones of the Fabry-Perot filters to shift into the bandwidth outside the visible range to modulate the brightness of pixels in the image.

Abstract: A projector has a function to suppress unnecessary radiation (EMI) from a digital substrate even in a narrow space. To this end, the projector includes an input/output substrate arranged at the upper portion of the rear side of the digital substrate, being approximately in parallel to the bottom surface of the case by using a metal frame, and a shielding plate having a shielding surface with an approximately rectangular cross section, so as to cover a device mount surface of the digital substrate and at the same time, contact the shielding plate and the frame.

Abstract: In a projection-type display apparatus that projects images onto a screen through a projection lens, even when images, such as setting images of the projection-type-apparatus main unit, that do not need to be displayed on the screen are projected to display, it is also necessary to turn on an expensive light-source lamp whose lifetime is relatively short, resulting in the lifetime of the light-source being shortened. In response to this problem, a lens cover 4 having a display function such as a liquid crystal is therefore used as the lens cover for protecting a projection lens 3, and images that do not need to be displayed onto the screen are displayed on the lens cover 4 having the display function; consequently, light emission from the light-source-lamp is made unnecessary at that time.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating a true 3-D display, where each of a viewer's eyes not only sees a different scene, but the scene changes continuously as the viewer moves his/her head or change his/her position from one angular location to another angular location with respect to the display screen. In one embodiment, a system comprises a set of 2-D image projectors and a display screen. The 2-D image projectors are configured to project individual 2-D images substantially in focus on the display screen. The display screen then diffuses (or reflects) each pixel from each of the 2-D images into a small angular slice. This enables the viewer observing the display screen to see a different one of the 2-D images with each eye. Further, the image seen by each eye varies as the viewer moves his or her head with respect to the display screen.

Abstract: A projector includes a laser source, a collimate lens, a deflection reflector, and a deflection controller coupled to the deflection reflector. The laser source generates a laser beam, which transmits through and is converted by the collimate lens into a collimated laser beam, which is then directed toward the deflection reflector. The deflection reflector, under the control of the deflection controller, projects the collimated laser beam to a liquid crystal panel or a digital micro-reflector element in a scanning manner so as to induce an image, which is then projected to a projection display screen.

Abstract: An optical element (e.g., wavelength dependent retarder (ColorSelect), dichroic, and/or optical shutter) is disposed in a projection lens at a point in the projection lens where the area of the light beam being projected is minimized. The optical element(s) is utilized for polarization control and/or brightness leveling or other optical effects. The optical element(s) matches the size and shape of a light ray bundle passing through the minimized point in the projection lens. The minimized size and shape of the optical element(s) reduces the cost of the element(s). The minimized location is for example, between a first and second set of lens in the projection lens. The location also reduces variations in the post optical element light train caused by impacting lens element surfaces. The projection lens is utilized, for example, in a Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) based High Definition (HD) Rear Projection Television (RPTV).

Abstract: The present invention relates to multi-projector image rendering systems and methods for their operation. According to the present invention, a plurality of image projectors are coupled to an image processor and the system utilizes specialized image processing methodology to render an output image that is composed of pixels collectively rendered from the plural image projectors. As a result, the resolution of the rendered video can exceed the video resolution that would be available from a single projector.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus for emitting exposure light onto a substrate via a projection optical system and a liquid to expose the substrate includes a supply pipe which supplies the liquid; a recovery pipe which recovers the liquid; a connection pipe which connects the supply pipe and the recovery pipe; and a switching device which switches a flow path of the liquid so that when liquid supply is stopped, the liquid that has flowed into the supply pipe flows to the recovery pipe via the connection pipe. The apparatus may further include a temperature regulation apparatus connected to the supply pipe, which performs temperature regulation of the liquid supplied to the supply pipe, and has a rough temperature regulator which roughly regulates the temperature of the liquid, and a fine temperature regulator which is arranged between the rough temperature regulator and the supply pipe and performs fine regulation of this temperature.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus (EX) is an apparatus which exposes a substrate (P) by irradiating exposure light (EL) onto the substrate (P) via a projection optical system (PL) and a liquid (1). The exposure apparatus (EX) has a substrate table (PT) for holding the substrate (P), and a plate member (30) having a liquid repellent flat surface (30A) is replaceably provided to the substrate table (PT) to prevent the liquid from remaining, maintaining excellent exposure accuracy.

Abstract: A plurality of extraction conduits are provided to remove immersion liquid into a chamber. The extraction conduits are arranged at different distances from a target portion of the substrate. From the chamber, a passage is provided to which a suction force is applied. When all the conduits are filled with immersion liquid, the extraction capacity will be greater than when one or more of the conduits comprise gas.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus includes a projection optical system that has a first object field area and a second object field area different from the first object field area and that projects an image of a pattern onto a first image field and a second image field. The image of the pattern is formed in the first image field by exposure light via the first object field area, and the image of the pattern is formed in the second image field by exposure light via the second object field area. A first substrate is exposed with the image of the pattern formed in the first image field, and a second substrate is exposed with the image of the pattern formed in the second image field.

Abstract: A lithographic apparatus is disclosed that is arranged to project a pattern from a patterning device onto a substrate, the lithographic apparatus has a substrate table configured to hold a substrate. The substrate table includes a conditioning system configured to hold a conditioning fluid and to condition the substrate table. The conditioning system includes a pressure damper that is in fluid communication with the conditioning system and is arranged to dampen a pressure variation in the conditioning system.

Abstract: A lithographic apparatus comprises an illumination system for supplying a beam of radiation, a patterning arrangement incorporating an array of individually controllable elements for imparting a pattern to the beam cross-section, a substrate table for supporting a substrate, and a projection system incorporating a microlens array for projecting the beam onto a target portion of the substrate. An error compensator is provided for supplying error correction values for compensating for the effect of positional errors in the microlens array, and a grey scale modulator is provided for supplying drive signals to controllable elements of the patterning arrangement in dependence on the error correction values in order to compensate for the effect of positional errors in the microlens array by varying the intensity of some parts of the pattern relative to other parts of the pattern.