Abstract: The invention relates to an overload protection device (1) comprising a housing (2) which is designed to be fixed to a manipulation device. The overload protection device comprises a tool holder (3) for fixing a tool that is attached to the housing in a displaceable manner, a pre-tensioning unit (4) for generating a pre-tensioning force between the housing and the tool holder, the pre-tensioning unit being configured as a piston assembly with a pressure piston which can be loaded by a medium and with a switching unit (5) that operates by means of relative displacement between the housing and the tool holder. The switching unit has a least one electrically conducting switching surface (6) and at least one electrically conducting contact element (7) that can be brought into electrical contact with the switching surface, the switching surface (6) and the contact element (7) being provided on an opposing surface section (8) of the tool holder and the housing.

Abstract: A heating value calculation part obtains a substantial heating value based on the difference between a heating value and a radiating value attributed to a motor supply current. The radiating value is obtained by a difference between a motor estimation temperature Td and an ambient temperature Tm. The heating value is cumulated in the heating value calculation part and the cumulated value is inputted to a cumulated buffer. A cumulated value TS which is obtained by adding an initial temperature T0 to the cumulated value Td is inputted to a target current value ratio map and a target current value upper limit map. One of the target current values is selected and the selected target current value is inputted to a current feedback control part. The current feedback control part controls a motor output part such that the motor supply current is converged to the target current value.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric arc detection device comprising analyzing means supplying current and voltage integration signals. The analyzing means supply current and voltage differential signals. Decision-making means comprise a disable unit supplying adaptive disable signals and comprising detection means supplying at least one decision-making aid signal according to at least one adaptive disable signal and to the current differential signal or the current integration signal. A decision-making unit supplies a trip signal according to the decision-making aid signals.

Abstract: A device to protect a semiconductor device from electrostatic discharge includes a transferring unit transferring the static electricity inputted to said input/output terminal to the power line, a detecting unit sensing the potential difference between both ends of the transferring unit, located between an input/output terminal and one of the power lines, to output the detection voltage, and a discharging unit driven by said detection voltage and discharging the static electricity led to a specific power line to the other power line, and performs the discharging operation smoothly even with minute electrostatic current and a latter part of the static electricity by using the driving voltage, which is used to drive a conventional detecting unit, as the driving voltage of the ESD protection device, thereby safely protecting an internal circuit of a semiconductor device.

Abstract: An electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit protects a gate oxide of elements in an internal circuit against ESD. During an ESD test, if the sum of driving voltages of ESD protectors connected between a power pad and a ground pad is higher than the gate oxide breakdown voltage of elements in the internal circuit, the structure of the ESD protector is changed or another ESD protector is additionally provided so as to protect the gate oxide of the elements in the internal circuit against ESD.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for providing protection against arc flash during maintenance on a low voltage power circuit including a circuit breaker having a specified trip function for responding to a fault is provided. The specified trip function is overridden with a maintenance trip function that results in reduced arc energy in the fault during a trip over arc energy during a trip with the specified trip function. The specified trip function is restored following maintenance.

Abstract: Provided is a power supply protection circuit for an in-vehicle electronic device, for protecting a power supply of a circuit to be protected which is installed in the in-vehicle electronic device, including a battery power supply for the in-vehicle electronic device, a diode whose anode terminal is connected therewith, a transistor whose collector terminal is connected with a cathode terminal of the diode and whose emitter terminal is connected with a power supply voltage supplying terminal of the circuit to be protected, and a Zener diode provided between the battery power supply and a ground terminal to be connected in series with a resistor having an anode terminal connected with the ground terminal and a cathode terminal connected with the resistor and a base terminal of the transistor.

Abstract: An output stage protection system for protecting NMOS devices in an integrated circuit (IC) output stage during normal operations and power up/power down. In an embodiment, the output stage includes a pair of relatively low voltage NMOS devices coupled to a current source and IC core outputs. A first pair of relatively high voltage NMOS devices is coupled to the relatively low voltage pair and a biasing circuit. A second pair of relatively high voltage NMOS devices is coupled to a resistor, the first pair, and first and second output nodes, respectively. One or more diodes are coupled in series between the first and second output nodes and the resistor. In an embodiment, the output stage protection system protects NMOS devices in the output stage from electrostatic discharge (ESD). Input/output (I/O) pad ESD protection circuits are coupled to the I/O pads and include a clamp coupled to a local net.

Abstract: A chip type electronic component for test is provided with an element body, and four or more terminal electrodes placed on the exterior of the element body. The element body has a plurality of laminated insulator layers, and a plurality of internal electrodes arranged to be opposed to each other with the insulator layer in between. Each of the internal electrodes is connected to at least one same terminal electrode out of the four or more terminal electrodes and connected to any one terminal electrode except for the at least one same terminal electrode.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus generate electricity through the operation of a circuit based upon a single magnetic flux path. A magnetizable member provides the flux path. One or more electrically conductive coils are wound around the member, and a reluctance or flux switching apparatus is used to control the flux. When operated, the switching apparatus causes a reversal of the polarity (direction) of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet through the member, thereby inducing alternating electrical current in each coil. The flux switching apparatus may be motionless or rotational. In the motionless embodiments, two or four reluctance switches are operated so that the magnetic flux from one or more stationary permanent magnet(s) is reversed through the magnetizable member.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: a semiconductor substrate having first and second pads; an output transistor; and a current control circuit having first and second resistors, a control signal generation circuit, first and second switching circuits. The first or second resistor is disposed between the first or second pad and the output transistor. The control signal generation circuit generates a control signal to the output transistor based on a voltage of both ends of the first or second resistor. The first or second switching circuit is disposed between both ends of the first or second resistor and the control signal generation circuit. The first or second switching circuit is controlled to be in an on-state.

Abstract: A dual-acting solenoid, consisting of one armature moving between two latching positions against two yokes with two drive windings, is interconnected to bring out three wire terminations: a center and two ends. The electronic drive circuitry is similarly configured for three terminals. Optionally, the drive circuitry includes sensing and computation sufficient to determine the two currents and the two inductive voltages associated with the two windings. A method is shown for using six measured or computed parameters, two inductive voltages, two currents, and two time derivatives of current, to determine the simultaneous position and velocity of the armature. The method involves simultaneous solution of the equations for current and voltage in two time-varying inductors where the two inductances are constrained to correspond to the position of a single armature moving between two fixed magnetic yokes.

Abstract: A solid electrolytic capacitor includes a capacitor element, an anode terminal, a cathode terminal, and an outer casing resin. The anode and cathode terminals constitute parts of the mounting surface, and are drawn immediately below the capacitor element. The anode terminal and the cathode terminal are electrically coupled with an anode leader of the capacitor element and a cathode layer, respectively. The outer casing resin covers the capacitor element, and exposes the anode and cathode terminals on the mounting surface. At least one recess is provided on a mounting surface side of at least one of the anode and cathode terminals having a larger area projected onto the mounting surface.

Abstract: A charge storage device having a capacitance that is variable by alteration of the relative permittivity of the dielectric positioned between conductive electrodes within the device. The device consists of two conductive plates sandwiching a conductive grid, typically embedded within a dielectric material. Charging the grid with a negative or positive potential changes the value of the dielectric constant (the relative permittivity) and thereby changes the capacitance of the device.

Abstract: A laminated variable capacitor including: input-output terminals for inputting an alternating-current signal and outputting an output signal; and controlling terminals for controlling a capacitance value for voltage of the input alternating-current signal; wherein a total area of external electrodes for input and output connected to said input-output terminals is larger than a total area of external electrodes for control connected to said controlling terminals, or the external electrodes for input and output connected to said input-output terminals are different in structure from the external electrodes for control connected to said controlling terminals.

Abstract: An improved capacitor with an anode with an anode wire and an oxide layer on the surface of the anode. A cathode layer is exterior to the oxide layer. A carbon conductive layer is exterior to the cathode layer wherein the cathode layer comprises 5-75 wt % resin and 25-95 wt % conductor. The conductor has carbon nanotubes. An anode lead is in electrical contact with the anode wire and a cathode lead is in electrical contact with the carbon conductive layer.

Abstract: A power capacitor including at least one capacitor element enclosed in a container, wherein the container is of a material which substantially includes a first polymer material. Further, the container is cylindrical and provided in its surface with creepage distance extending protrusions of a second polymer material. The protrusions are formed with respect to their thickness and radial length so as to cool the capacitor. In a method for manufacturing such a power capacitor, a substantially cylindrical container is made of a material which substantially includes a first polymer material. The container is provided on its envelope surface with creepage distance-extending protrusions of a second polymer material and the capacitor elements are encapsulated in the container.

Abstract: An integrated thin-film capacitor includes a dielectric disposed between a first electrode and a second electrode. The thin-film capacitor includes a dielectric disposed upon the first electrode, and the dielectric exhibits a substantially uniform heat-altered morphology along a line defined by a characteristic dimension thereof. A computing system is also disclosed that includes the thin-film capacitor.

Abstract: An energy storage device comprises a pair of electrodes in contact with an electrolyte and a dielectric separator therebetween. The separator comprises a chelating material capable of binding parasitic to ions with the electrolyte, so to prevent the free circulation of the parasitic ions within the electrolyte. In one embodiment, the chelating material comprises chitosan, which may be provided in fibrous form and which may be included within a non-woven fabric of cellulosic and/or olefinic, or which may be instead coated on the separator or otherwise comprised in the separator. In another embodiment, the chelating material comprises chitosan, and the ion-binding capability of the chitosan is enhanced by chemically binding a chelating agent to the chitosan so to create a multi-dentate ligand that binds with the parasitic ions, particularly multi-valent metal ions, to create coordination compounds. One such chelating agent is ethylendiamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA).

Abstract: One inventive aspect relates to a surface-mounting ceramic electronic component including a terminal electrode structure which improves the mechanical strength of the electronic component. In the terminal electrode structure, an intermediate metal layer is formed on a base metal layer, and a conductive resin layer is formed thereon. A surface of the base metal layer in which a common material, an oxide film, glass frit or the like exists is covered with the intermediate metal layer, and the conductive resin layer is adhered to the intermediate metal layer as a tight metal surface.

Abstract: A capacitor may be formed of carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes, grown on substrates, may be formed in a desired pattern. The pattern may be defined by placing catalyst in appropriate locations for carbon nanotube growth from a substrate. Then, intermeshing arrays of carbon nanotubes may be formed by juxtaposing the carbon nanotubes formed on opposed substrates. In some embodiments, the carbon nanotubes may be covered by a dielectric which may be adhered by functionalizing the carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a capacitor electrode foil includes the steps of masking both surfaces of at least one side edge portion having a predetermined width of a strip-shaped electrode foil material with masking material along the side edge portion, etching a non-masking portion of the electrode foil material with both surfaces of at least one side portion masked with the masking material to thereby obtain the power accumulating foil after the etching to obtain the power collecting portion.

Abstract: A mobile power adapter having an electric socket for power input, multiple adapter ports for power output, a power supply unit for converting input power supply into desired output power supply for output through the adapter ports, and a monitoring unit for monitoring the temperature inside the mobile power adapter and the operation status of the power supply unit on electric voltage, electric current, power consumption status and total wattage for enabling the monitoring data to be displayed on a display screen on the outside wall of a housing of the mobile power adapter.

Abstract: A rack mount apparatus is provided in an optical transmission apparatus. The rack mount apparatus includes a rack, a shelf mounted in the rack and a cross-sectional L-shaped Panel installed in the rack under a device to be rotatable so as to take an opened position and a closed position. This enables not only an easy and reliable connection of an interface cable in the rack mount apparatus without imposing a stress thereon but also a flexible determination or change of a connection position of the interface cable and even considerable improvement of the working efficiency.

Abstract: Mobile computer, comprising two casing parts, which are connected by a hinge, so that the casing parts can be opened and closed. Each of the casing parts has an input-sensitive flat screen. The casing parts are arranged in such a way as to enable at least two operating modes. As a result, this invention can be used in at least to different operating modes, which can be selected depending on the application. In the preferred embodiment, the invention can be locked in various open positions by way of a flap mechanism.

Abstract: A host unit case with foldable lateral walls for a computer provides a lateral wall, which is composed of a first plate member and a second plate member and the plate members pivotally connect with each other. The first and second plate members are pivotally connected with a front wall and the first lateral edge of a rear wall. The lower end of the rear wall pivotally connects with the rear end of a lower cover. All parts are capable of being folded easily to reduce volume of the packaged host unit case. When the packaged host unit case is unfolded, the front and rear walls are joined to the upper and lower covers respectively such that the host unit case is set up completely conveniently and quickly.

Abstract: A shelf for electronic plug-in units is provided. The shelf includes at least one support plate that has at least one shaped opening. At least one guide rail is arranged for being mounted on the support plate, which includes a guide groove for receiving the electronic plug-in unit. There is also provided at least one positioning unit arranged on the guide rail, which includes a trunnion insertable form-fittingly into the shaped opening in the support plate to fix a position of the positioning unit relative to the support plate, and a locking element to lock in place an electronic plug-in unit fully inserted into the guide rail.

Abstract: A limited-capability wireless terminal that is particularly well adapted for use in emergency situations, recreational activities and occasional calls is disclosed. The detachable wireless terminal does not have a display or a numeric keypad. Rather, the detachable wireless terminal has several “one-touch” buttons that place a call to pre-programmed phone numbers when pressed. The detachable wireless terminal is small enough and light enough to be worn around a user's neck, received by a lanyard or a necklace. The wireless terminal detachably couples to a relatively larger docking device, which can be used to program it.

Abstract: A personal computer comprising a housing, and placed in the housing a motherboard that is at least provided with one central processor unit, which computer is provided with input and output connections for peripheral equipment such as VDU, keyboard and mouse. A heat sink is provided whose capacity is geared to the heat generation of the central processor unit, wherein the housing is embodied without fan and without an accessory fan drive, wherein the heat sink is an integral part of the housing, and the motherboard is mounted in the housing in such manner that the central processor unit is stably positioned against the heat sink.

Abstract: Quick release couplings for releasably coupling components of a computer to the computer are disclosed. The quick release coupling mechanisms are generally configured to allow tool-less placement of the components relative to the computer. That is, the quick release coupling mechanisms are configured to perform their couplings without using conventional fasteners such as screws, bolts, etc. By eliminating the use of fasteners, the components may be inserted and removed from the computer without using tools (e.g., tool-less). Furthermore, the quick release couplings are easy to maneuver thereby enabling quick and straightforward assembly and disassembly of the components to and from the computer (e.g., quick release). For example, the components may be inserted and removed by a simple pushing or pulling motion, and/or by a simple flick of a latch or handle.

Abstract: A drive circuit of a piezoelectric pump that is both light and compact, that can drive a piezoelectric pump with a low level of undesired noise, and that can further realize with low power consumption a coolant device capable of reliable operation at the time of activation. A piezoelectric element of the piezoelectric pump is driven by the output signal of an amplifier that takes as input a signal that is generated by a sine wave oscillator of the same frequency that drives the piezoelectric element. The amplifier is driven by a high voltage obtained by conversion from a low-voltage power supply by a voltage-boosting converter, whereby the piezoelectric element is driven by a low-frequency sine wave of high voltage. The frequency of the sine wave oscillation is further adjusted by a signal from a first control circuit at the time of activation.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a structure for fixing a fan with a computer casing, and the structure includes a casing, an opening with a specific area on any side of the casing, and a locking hole proximate to each distal edge of the opening. The interval between two adjacent locking holes is equal to 170±5 mm, such that if a large fan is installed at the opening, a locking member can be secured directly to the corresponding locking hole, not only saving the time of drilling holes, but also resulting no increased area of the casing. The fan can be installed onto the casing for discharging any heat source produced by each component on a motherboard in the casing quickly, so that the heat will not remain in the casing, or drawing outside air into the casing to cool each component in the casing rapidly.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cooling device for an electronic apparatus comprising: a cooling element to be connected to an electronic component for receiving the heat load generated by the electronic component, an inlet port, an outlet port and a fan for bringing air to flow from the inlet port via the cooling element to the outlet port to cool the cooling element by means of the air flow. In order to achieve a simple device improving the reliability the cooling device comprises at least one return channel, through which some of the air flowing from the cooling element towards the outlet port is conducted to an electronic space to cool the electronic space, and that a forepart of the return channel is arranged in a place where the air flow from the cooling element towards the outlet port is colder than the air flowing from the cooling element on average.

Abstract: A fan frame device includes a plastic frame member and a metal reinforcing member. The inner side of the frame defines a flow path for receiving a fan wheel. The metal reinforcing member is joined to the frame member integrally. The inner side of the frame is arranged to have a largest diameter so that the flow passage provides more space for accommodating a larger sized fan wheel. Hence, strength of the frame is reinforced, vibration and noise are reduced during a fan wheel running and integral effect of heat dissipation is enhanced largely.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus is used for cooling an electronic element. The cooling apparatus includes a fan and a fan duct. The fan is for generating airflow. The fan duct including an inlet, an outlet, and a first metal net fixed in one of the inlet and the outlet, is for guiding the airflow. The inlet is for allowing air to enter the fan duct. The outlet is for allowing air to flow out from the fan duct. The first metal net defines a plurality of guiding holes for the airflow to pass through, and a maximum distance in a traverse direction of each of the guiding holes is smaller than one twentieth of a wavelength of an electromagnetic wave emitted from the electronic element. An electronic device using the cooling apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are provided for facilitating cooling of an electronics rack employing an air delivery structure coupled to the electronics rack. The air delivery structure delivers air flow at a location external to the electronics rack and in a direction to facilitate mixing thereof with re-circulating exhausted inlet-to-outlet air flow from the air outlet side of the electronics rack to the air inlet side thereof. The delivered air flow is cooler than the re-circulating exhausted inlet-to-outlet air flow and when mixed with the re-circulating air flow facilitates lowering air inlet temperature at a portion of the air inlet side of the electronics rack, thereby enhancing cooling of the electronics rack.

Abstract: A heat dissipation device (100) comprises a heat sink (10) and a fan (40) mounted on the heat sink (10). The heat sink (10) comprises a central core (12), a plurality of branches (122) radially extending outwardly from a periphery of the core (12) and a plurality of fins (14) extending from of the core (12) and the branches (122). The fan (40) comprises a plurality of blades (404). The branches (122) and the fins (14) extend and are oriented in a direction opposite to a rotation direction of the blades (404) of the fan (40).

Abstract: A method for cooling a circuit comprises generating movement of fluid along a path through a closed-loop system. The method further comprises inducing turbulence in the fluid by movement of at least a portion of a turbulence-inducing device arranged in the path, and dissipating thermal energy from the circuit by the fluid. A system comprises a circuit, and a closed-loop cooling system comprising fluid for cooling the circuit and at least one active turbulence-inducing device. In one embodiment, the turbulence-inducing device is a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device. In one embodiment, the MEMS device is solely responsible for bulk fluid movement through the closed-loop cooling system.

Abstract: An inverter apparatus includes a liquid path in which cooling water flows, and in which the cooling water performs cooling at a cooling part located directly underneath the power circuit part of the inverter apparatus. The liquid path includes a first partial structure part formed between a feed pipe and the cooling part, and having a liquid path cross-sectional profile that is gradually reduced in the short-side direction of the cooling part and that is gradually enlarged in the long-side direction thereof; and a second partial structure part formed between the cooling part and a drain pipe, and having a liquid path cross-sectional profile that is gradually enlarged from the short-side of the cooling part and that is gradually reduced from the long-side thereof.

Abstract: A heat sink module includes a fan set and a heat sink plate. The fan set is integrated as a whole, reducing manufacture time, and the material of the fan set is plastic, thus reducing the weight as well. Due to the hook design of the fan set and the ear design of the heat sink plate, the number of screws is reduced. Furthermore, the screws pass through the first lug of the heat sink plate and the second lug of the fan set, so that the heat sink plate and the fan set are fixed on the motherboard, and thereby the number of the parts to be fixed by screws is reduced. Heat from the heat source on the motherboard is conducted to the fan set to be dispersed through the heat sink plate extending to the heat source and covering the fan set.

Abstract: A heat dissipating module includes a releasing member, a heat pipe, which has a first end connected to the releasing member and a second end attached to the top surface of a thermal chip on a circuit board, and a fastening member, which has a protruded arch portion that defines an arch chamber that accommodates the second end of the heat pipe, two press portions respectively extended from two opposite lateral sides of the protruded arch portion and pressed on the top surface of the thermal chip, and a plurality of hook portions respectively extended from the press portions and hooked on the bottom edge of the circuit board.

Abstract: This invention provides a cooling system comprising a thermosyphon for computer and electronic devices. The thermosyphon comprises an evaporator placed on top of a heat source, such as CPU. Heat from the heat source causes liquid coolant inside the evaporator to evaporate or boil. The resulting vapor enters a condenser and returns to a liquid phase. Cooling fins are attached to the condenser to facilitate heat transfer with the surrounding airflow. The cooling system and computer or electronic device fit within standard computer cases and high density server rack-mountable cases.

Abstract: A locking device is for locking a heat sink to an electronic device. The locking device includes a retaining frame and a guiding member positioned on the retaining frame. The guiding member includes a seat having a base sitting on the retaining frame, a sleeve extending upwardly from the seat, and two spaced legs descending from the base of the seat to retain the guiding member to the retaining frame. A fastener is accommodated in the sleeve of the guiding member and is kept vertical to the retaining frame by the guiding member.

Abstract: A multilayered substrate includes a plurality of circuit boards including a plurality of wiring layers including a grounding layer and a power layer, a solid electrolytic capacitor having an insulative oxide film layer, an electrolytic layer, and a conductor layer sequentially formed on one surface or both surfaces of a foil-like metal substrate, and a conductive substance passing through the circuit board across a thickness thereof. The solid electrolytic capacitor is disposed to be held between the plurality of circuit boards. The conductor layer is connected to a grounding electrode formed on the grounding layer, the foil-like metal substrate being connected to a power electrode formed on the power layer.

Abstract: Disclosed examples of printed circuit boards for lighting systems have identical LED landing zones printed on the board. Each zone includes at least two sets of LED contact pads. One pad set is configured to mate with contacts of an LED of a first structural type, e.g. from a first product line or manufacturer. The other pad set is configured to mate with contacts of an LED of a second type, e.g. from a different product line or manufacturer. The layout may enable an easy system re-design, e.g. to shift from one type of LED to another. Alternatively, the layout may enable one system to use LEDs of the two different types in a single LED set or array. Exemplary systems disclosed herein include an element for mixing light produced by LEDs mounted to the landing zones, such as an optical integrating cavity.

Abstract: An expansion card retention assembly (100) is provided. The retention assembly includes an expansion frame (11) and a latching device (12). The expansion frame includes an expansion seat (111), and the expansion seat is configured for receiving an expansion card (20) therein. The latching device is positioned adjacent to one end portion of the expansion frame. The latching device includes a mounted member (14), a locking member (13), and a spring member. The mounted member is fixed relatively to the expansion frame. The locking member is operable to rotate away from the mounted member, so as to abut against an expansion card bracket of the expansion card toward the expansion seat of the expansion frame. The spring member is mounted between the mounted member and the locking member to bias the locking member away from the mounted member.

Abstract: EMI from an operating information handling system is managed by disposing a stirring device in the chassis of the information handling system to mechanically modulate the resonance of predetermined RF signals emitted from processing components within the chassis. For example, a cooling fan disposed in the chassis has a reflective surface formed on its blades so that rotation of the blades mechanically modulates the RF signals. The blades have a depth of at least one-quarter of the wavelength of the RF signal and are coated with a low resistance material, such as steel, aluminum, copper, carbon loaded plastic or a high dielectric ceramic. The fan rotates at the faster of the speed required to provide desired cooling or the speed desired to produce a desired average RF signal amplitude.

Abstract: A conductive device for electronic equipment in which conductive media and buffering members are alternately arranged in any direction such that conduction state is maintained in any direction to fully implement electrical shield and since the conduction state is not interrupted even when the conductive device is cut in any direction, and resulting in enhancing reliability of products. The conductive device for electronic equipment includes conductive media and buffering members. The conductive media and the buffering members are alternately arranged in the form of a bar, and plural bars are bonded to each other via the conductive media, forming a conductive plate device. The conductive plate devices are boned to each other by the conductive media and are laminated in multiple layers. The conductive media and the buffering members are aligned with the conductive media and the buffering members in other adjacent bars.

Abstract: An EL sheet keypad comprises a conductive material layer coated on the entire surface of an EL sheet or the surface of the EL sheet where light is not emitted. The conductive material layer is connected to ground of a printed circuit board or to ground of the EL sheet by means of a conductive adhesive tape or conductive paste. According to the present invention, damage to the internal circuits of the mobile phone, which may occur when testing appropriateness of the EL sheet, is prevented. Furthermore, the EL sheet keypad has electrostatic shock and electromagnetic interference shielded functions.

Abstract: A direct type backlight assembly is disclosed, in which a lamp guide is formed in a shape which can absorb an external force to prevent distortion from occurring from contact between the lamp guide and a diffusion plate, and to prevent the diffusion plate from being damaged. The direct type backlight assembly includes a light-emission lamp provided under an LCD panel; a reflecting plate provided on the bottom side of the light-emission lamp; a diffusion plate provided above the light-emission lamp; optical sheets provided on the diffusion plate; and a lamp guide provided on and connected with the reflecting plate, wherein the lamp guide has a supporter having a compression structure, the height thereof varying based on a load applied thereto.