Abstract: A pipe element structure comprises a pipe body which comprises an exterior pipe, an intermediate filtration pipe and an interior filtration pipe. The exterior pipe has multiple openings on its surface. The intermediate and interior filtration pipes are made of porous materials. As the pipe body being buried in the ground, the exterior pipe filters out soils in bigger particle size by the openings whereas allows soil and water to sink in, and piles up effectively inside. The intermediate filtration pipe filters out the soil-water to isolate soil particles. The water is filtrated down into the interior filtration pipe free of blocking or clogging.

Abstract: A low volume per outlet (LVPO) large in-line filter and quick disconnect valve. The LVPO filter can include inlet and outlet ports perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the filter. A semi-spherical end-cap and an inlet can produce a laminar flow. The inlet and outlet can include quick connect couplings for connecting and disconnecting hoses. A quick disconnect valve can enable filter replacement.

Abstract: A grease trap for separating grease and solid waste from waste water. The grease trap includes a tank having a downwardly shaped bottom. An upwardly shaped divider divides the tank into an upper chamber and a lower chamber. A hole near an upper part of the divider allows waste into the upper chamber. An inlet invert in the tank receives incoming waste water, while an outlet invert removes water from the tank. A lid covers the tank. A pipe extends through the lid, upper chamber, and lower chamber for sucking solid waste out of the lower chamber.

Abstract: A reactor (10) for anaerobic waste water treatment is designed as a loop-type column reactor comprising a central flow channel (20). In the annular space (40) between the central flow channel (20) and the reactor wall, there are positioned carrier elements (50) for immobilizing microorganisms, with flow passages being provided between adjacent carrier elements (50). The lower portion of the reactor (30), below the carrier elements, is designed as a space intended to receive waste water having microorganisms floating therein during operation of the reactor (10). During operation, there are provided both floating microorganisms and microorganisms that are immobilized on the carrier elements. The waste water to be treated flows centrally downward and up again along the carrier elements (40), with the flow being generated in part by the gas development of the microorganisms.

Abstract: Raw water containing ammonium-nitrogen is introduced into a nitrification tank and nitrification of nitrite-nitrogen by nitrite oxidizing bacteria is inhibited according to inhibition of the ammonium-nitrogen, thereby conducting stable nitrification of nitrous acid type at a high load by the action of ammonium oxidizing bacteria. Carbonate and/or bicarbonate are added into the nitrification tank 1. The inorganic carbon concentration in the nitrification tank 1 is maintained at 35 mg-C/L or more. The nitrified liquid thus obtained is introduced into a denitrification tank and denitrification reaction is conducted by the action of denitrifying bacteria with the remaining ammonium-nitrogen as an electron donor and the nitrite-nitrogen as an electron acceptor.

Abstract: There is provided a method of reducing blood free light chain concentration in a subject, the method comprising the step of subjecting the subject's blood to haemodialysis, haemodiafiltration or haemofiltration. There is also provided the use of a dialysis membrane which is a membrane that allows passage of molecules having a molecular weight of up to 45 kDa in presence of whole blood, and has a molecular weight exclusion limit in water of about 200 kDa in the preparation of a haemodialysis unit for conducting haemodialysis, haemodiafiltration or haemofiltration on a subject to reduce blood free light chain concentration in the patient.

Abstract: Composite membranes that exhibit long-term resistance to biofouling comprise a porous support and a crosslinked polyamide discriminating layer having an external surface, the discriminating layer comprising a branched poly(alkylene oxide) (PAO) polymer attached to its external surface. The branched PAO polymer typically has the structure of a molecular comb or brush, and is made by polymerization of a PAO macromonomer of the following formula: RO—[(CHR?)n—O]m-V in which R is hydrogen or a C1-20 aliphatic or aromatic group, V is any group containing a polymerizable site, each R? is independently hydrogen or a short chain alkyl group, n is an integer of 1-6, and m is an integer of 1 to about 200. The ? end group can be either polymerized or copolymerized.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for removing at least one constituent from a solution, comprising:—forming a liquid mixture by bringing together said solution (1) and a particulate seed material (6) under conditions or in the presence of one or more substances which cause the constituent to be removed to crystallize out on the surface of the seed material; and—separating the seed material having the constituent to be removed crystallized out thereon from the liquid mixture by passing the liquid mixture through a filter (3), wherein the pore size of the filter (3) is greater than or equal to the particle size of the seed material (6). The invention also relates to a method for preparing a particulate material wherein use is made of the method according to the present invention. The invention also relates to the particulate material obtainable by this method. The invention further relates to an apparatus that can be used in the process of the present invention.

Abstract: Method for handling microparticles in such a manner, that at least two treatment steps are performed for microparticles in the same vessel without moving the particles to another vessel. There are organs in the device for changing the solution without having to move the microparticles to another vessel.

Abstract: A device for disinfecting water by ultraviolet radiation. The device includes two discharged lamps that are connected by electrical wires. A first electrical circuit is disposed in the immediate vicinity of the discharge lamps and controls a warm-up phase of the discharge lamps. A second electrical circuit is disposed remotely from the discharge lamps and functions to control an operational phase of the discharge lamps.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a purification device for the purification of a liquid such as water, preferably drinking water, which purification device comprises at least one casing (1) having at least one insert (10), said casing (1) having at least one inlet (8) and at least one outlet (9) for the liquid and said insert (10) comprising at least one filter (15) located in a flow path of the liquid. The purification device comprises at least one galvanic couple (12, 14) located in said flow path. The present invention also relates to an insert and a method of purifying a liquid.

Abstract: A method of feeding chemical to a liquid flowing in an open space, the method including: feeding the chemical to the liquid by at least one special mixing device; introducing a feed liquid to the at least one special mixing device separately from the chemical; contacting the chemical and the feed liquid together essentially simultaneously with the discharge of the chemical and the feed liquid through a nozzle opening of the mixing device, wherein the nozzle opening is located under a surface of the liquid flowing into the open space.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method of treating an aqueous system with a hydrodynamic water treatment device in conjunction with a biocide.

Abstract: A method for treating water in a closed cooling system, having a pH of at least 7 and a temperature of at least 25° C., by adding a composition comprising 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one; wherein the composition is substantially free of non-aqueous solvents, volatile organic compounds and halogenated biocides; and wherein 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is present in an amount sufficient to produce in the water a 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one concentration from 15 ppm to 500 ppm.

Abstract: The method and arrangement is for cleaning at least one of filter sheets and filter cakes in a pressurized white liquor filter with spray nozzles and driving fluid. The white liquor filter is used in a causticizing process in which green liquor is causticized before the white liquor filter by the addition of lime and in which it forms during the process a lime mud slurry. The white liquor filter 101 is used to separate white liquor from the lime mud. The driving fluid for the spray nozzle is constituted principally by the filtrate that is obtained from the filter.

Abstract: A samples storage system for pharmaceutical development in which the usable volumes of ultramicrotubes (384 tubes) are increased and smooth insertion and extraction of ultramicrotubes is possible irrespective of the positions of the ultramicrotubes. The samples storage system includes tubes in which samples are sealed and a storage rack for vertically accommodating a plurality of the tubes in a grid pattern. Each tube is of a rectangular hollow tubular cross-section and the intersect is tapered toward the bottom portion of the tube. Corner portions of the outer four side surfaces of the tubes are chamfered. The storage rack has engagement partition walls forming open-ended sections in a grid pattern inside the rack frame. The height of the walls is smaller than the length of the tube, and tube-supporting pins project vertically from the intersections of the grid.

Abstract: A mounting device includes a fixed bracket unit, a detachable bracket unit, and a safety lock. The fixed bracket unit is mounted on a wall. The detachable bracket unit is fastened to an electronic device, is formed with an engaging groove, and is suspended on the fixed bracket unit. The safety lock is coupled movably to the fixed bracket unit, and is movable relative to the fixed bracket unit between an engaged position, where the safety lock extends into the engaging groove in the detachable bracket unit, and a disengaged position, where the safety lock disengages the engaging groove in the detachable bracket unit.

Abstract: A hanger for storing footwear and/or for displaying footwear for sale at a retail establishment is comprised of a frame having an upright stem with a hanging hook at its upper end and a crossbar at its lower end, and a pair of footwear supporting members extending upwardly from opposite ends of the crossbar, and a pair of footwear receiving footpads mounted respectively on the supporting members. Each hanger is adapted to receive and store or to receive and display a pair of footwear products. In a retail establishment, a plurality of the footwear bearing hangers may be hung on a display rack for displaying to customers a plurality of footwear products of different styles and/or different sizes. The mode of display promotes self service and impulse sales, especially of economical, mass produced footwear products.

Abstract: Shoe Hanger is a shoe organizer which differs from the ones in the market today. The Shoe Hanger saves space because it utilizes spaces in between. This uses a bar standing or hanging. The bar has grooves with 3 inches intervals. This organizer hangs all sizes and kinds of shoes including boots. Boots hanged retains the fresh new look because it's not bent. The upright bar has a stand, a round metal plate which stabilizes the bar. Ideal at front doors. The hanging one has holes at the end to be able to hang it in the closet or anywhere with a bar. Shoes are fastened together with a clip able to handle weight to more than 6 lbs. Because shoes are hanged in pairs, shoes don't get separated. The clip is specially designed to fit to the groove of the Shoe Hanger bar. Materials used can be plastic, steel or aluminum.

Abstract: A medium disc filing means comprises a filing rail (20) and a plurality of detachable disc holders (30), the filing rail comprises a rail body and a pair of transversally protruding flanges (21,22), each disc holder comprises an attachment member and a medium disc receptacle, the attachment member comprises a clipping aperture (37) which is resiliently deformable so that the clipping aperture can be deformed to overcome the transversal width of the pair of flanges when a disc holder is to be attached to or detached from the filing rail. Such a filing means provides improved reliability and convenience since medium discs can be placed at selective locations on the filing rail and a filing order can be reasonably maintained due to clipping engagement between the filing rail and the disc holders.

Abstract: A filing cabinet includes a housing foldable to a compact folding structure, two side members engaged onto two side walls of the housing and each having a hanger rail, and one or more hanger files each having a hanging member attached to each of two lateral edges of the hanger file for engaging with the hanger rails of the side members and for supporting and suspending the hanger file on the hanger rails of the side members of the housing. Four corner members may be engaged onto the corner areas of the housing for reinforcing the housing. The filing cabinet may be easily and quickly assembled by the users themselves for suspending hanger files in the outdoors.

Abstract: A presentation apparatus, provided with a series of suspension elements with a longitudinal direction, fixed to a wall element near a first end and provided with a presentation element at an opposite end, wherein, from at least one suspension element, a series of rolls of tape is suspended by sliding these over the suspension element by an opening in a core, wherein the presentation element of the respective suspension element has a frontal surface which, in front view, extends at least partly above the top side of the suspension element and has such a size and shape that a roll can be slid from the suspension element over said presentation element.

Abstract: A storage system includes a pair of rails and a tray. The tray includes a frame and an inert liner located in the frame. Further, the frame including guides for sliding engagement with the rails.

Abstract: A product management display system for merchandising product on a shelf includes using a trackless pusher mechanism that travels along a surface on which product is placed. The pusher mechanism of the invention also includes a pusher paddle and a floor that extends forward of the pusher paddle. A flat coiled spring or other biasing element may be operatively connected behind the pusher paddle and extend across the floor of the pusher mechanism and to the front of the shelf. In use, the product to be merchandised may be placed on the coiled spring and on the floor of the pusher mechanism. With this configuration, the pusher paddle is prevented from tipping or bending backwards during operation. In an alternative aspect, a mounting member may be used to mount the end of the coiled spring to the floor of the system.

Abstract: An expandable modular rack for storing at least one pistol of any width and/or at least one similarly configured item in its/their normal upright position. The expandable modular rack includes at least one first member, at least one second member, and at least one third member. The at least one first member, the at least one second member, and the at least one third member are interchangeably attached to each other, side-by-side, so as to form at least one bay. Each bay is defined by a vertical portion and a horizontal portion. The vertical portion of each bay supports the barrel of an associated pistol or an associated similarly configured item, the horizontal portion of each bay supports the heel of the grip of the associated pistol or the associated similarly configured item, and each bay is of varying width, thereby allowing each bay to store the associated pistol or the associated similarly configured item of any width in its normal upright position.

Abstract: The portable billiard cue holder structure of the present invention primarily comprises a bottom base having rollers on a bottom of the billiard cue holder. A moveable bow-shaped handle, strap or puller is disposed on a side surface or top surface of the billiard cue holder such that the handle, strap or puller is pulled to facilitate the moving of the billiard cue holder by the rollers in an effort-saving manner.

Abstract: A jewelry fixture having a mounting pedestal cooperatively engaged with the top side of a base is disclosed. First and second angled surface are cooperatively positioned on the top side of the base. The angled surfaces have a reflective or mirrored surface. The angled surfaces are positioned adjacent and perpendicular to each other. A jewelry holder allowing cooperative engagement with an item of jewelry is positioned between the angled surfaces and cooperatively engaged with the mounting pedestal on the top side of the base. The base has reference and prime positioning guides. The full-image jewelry positioner (fixture) improves the development of images for duplication or replication of jewelry or other items having detailed structures. When combined with a camera or a camera and a computer system, the images developed may be captured and manipulated for auto-tracing and duplication or replication of the item of jewelry.

Abstract: A system for holding an item on a hook-arm that has a polygonal cross-section and is mounted within a yoke assembly. The yoke assembly includes a front plate with a rear face and a plurality of open-ended channels that each have a polygonal cross-section that is complementary to the polygonal cross-section of the hook-arm. At least two of the plurality of channels share a common open end. A rear plate mates with the front plate, and has a front face and including a first flange and a second flange that are arranged in spaced apart, parallel relation to one another and in off-set relation to the front face. The front plate is mountable to the rear plate with the at least one hook-arm positioned within one of the plurality of open-ended channels. The whole assembly is then mounted upon a frame having spaced apart openings that are sized and oriented so that one of the spaced apart openings receives the first flange and one of the spaced apart openings receives the second flange.

Abstract: A shelving merchandising system for installation on preexisting shelves comprising an extrusion, wherein said extrusion comprises an attachment member, a display front and a plurality of connection members. The attachment member may be any device or combination of cooperating devices that are capable of either permanently or removably attaching the extrusion to at least a portion of a shelf.

Abstract: The Item Suspension Apparatus consists of two parallel tracks that are ceiling mounted. The two tracks traverse the length of the Paint Booth. Several truck assemblies (3) ride along the suspended tracks and provide the points at which specially designed custom item hangers (5-12) can be affixed. The truck assemblies (3) are tied together with a twist chain (13). This enables the truck assemblies (3) to be strategically placed where needed in the Paint Booth by the technician pulling the connected twist chain (13) to the desired location. The custom item hangers (5-12) provide the access points where the items to be worked on are securely mounted. The custom item hangers (5-12) are affixed to the truck assemblies (3) by the technician where needed. The items, then, are suspended in mid-air within the Paint Booth in such a position as to provide the technician with unrestricted access.

Abstract: A foldable article support rack has a shelf-board and a plurality of bearing legs joined to the shelf-board at spaced locations to support the shelf-board steadily. The shelf-board includes two daughter boards that are connected in a manner to be foldable along a line. The foldable article support rack further includes telescopic link mechanisms connected to the daughter boards and the bearing legs. The telescopic link mechanisms are operable to selectively fold the daughter boards and the bearing legs into a plane for storage or stretch the daughter boards and the bearing legs for use. Therefore, manufacturers or merchants could assembly all components of the rack into finished product and fold it into a package for easy storage and transport and, in turn, consumers purchased the rack may immediately stretch it for use without troublesome assembling operation, while not in use, the consumers can fold it for sparing space.

Abstract: A coupler 2 for a railway model comprises a first half cylindrical section 5e, a second half cylindrical section 5f facing the first half cylindrical section 5e on a circle substantially concentric with the first half cylindrical section 5e and having an inner diameter greater than an outer diameter of the first half cylindrical section 5e, a first engagement section 5g provided in a projecting manner on an outer peripheral surface of the first half cylindrical section 5e, and a second engagement section 5h provided in a recessed manner on an inner peripheral surface of the second half cylindrical section 5f and having a recess width in a circumferential direction greater than a projection width in a circumferential direction of the first engagement section 5g.

Abstract: A flip-top cap is provided in which an upper portion is secured to a lower portion by means of a living hinge. An outer skirt forms a lever with an integral radial connecting wall on a side of the cap opposite the living hinge. The outer skirt and the radial connecting wall may be elastically deformed to permit a detent on the upper portion of the cap to escape a recess on the outer skirt for opening the cap. The radial connecting wall is lowered and thinned with respect to heretofore known designs, facilitating opening of the cap. Integral ribs are provided on the base and flip-top portions to prevent twisting and/or lateral movement of the upper portion that could allow for inadvertent opening of the cap.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of the present invention sets forth a closure apparatus which may include, an exemplary closure having a cavity to receive a payload; and an interface configured to secure the payload in said cavity of said closure wherein said interface may secure the payload in said closure when affixing said closure to a container, and wherein said interface may include a material that changes state.

Abstract: A closure is provided for connection to a container. The closure includes a cap and a tamper band. The tamper hand includes retention tabs that retain the tamper band to the container.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a closure system including a thermochromic tamper-control means of color that is irreversibly modified in the event of the temperature of the closure system being raised above a threshold temperature, said closure system comprising a polymer matrix having incorporated therein at least one thermochromic pigment of color that is irreversibly modified after said closure system has been exposed to a temperature close to or above a threshold temperature. The invention also relates to a method of preparing a thermochromic closure system, and to receptacles provided with said system.

Abstract: A container for a product which off-gases has a container body with a base wall, sidewall and a large mouth at its upper end bounded by a lip and having an outwardly extending shoulder adjacent the upper end of the sidewall, and a foil seal which extends over the mouth and is adhered to the lip. The foil seal having a valve therein permitting gases in the container body to exit therethrough. A cap having a top wall and a depending skirt with an internal peripheral snap bead abuts the shoulder on the sidewall of the container body. The top wall of the cap has a depending flexible ring seal bearing on the lip and the inside surface of the cap has channels extending downwardly along the inside surface of the skirt. Gas pressure in the container body will cause the valve in the foil seal to release gas from the interior of the container body into the space in the cap and the pressure of the gas in the ring seal is deflected from the lip to allow the gas to flow thereby and outwardly in the channels in the cap.

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a practical technology for enabling thickness reduction of an FPD. SOLUTION: Electrodes 11 are formed on one of a pair of glass substrates 1 and the glass substrates 1 are laminated via a sealing material 12. Thereafter, an external surface thinning process which reduces the thickness of external surfaces of the glass substrates 1 is performed. During said thinning process, an eluate L composed of hydrofluoric acid is sprayed from nozzles 4 toward the external surfaces of the glass substrates 1 by pressure within a range from 0.5 to 3.5 kg/cm2 under an acceleration larger than the acceleration caused by its own weight. The external surfaces are impacted by the eluate L for the purpose of thinning through the physical action caused by the impact and the chemical reaction of the eluate L.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an optical device includes: a first step of forming an optical-device forming body that includes a plurality of columnar structures arranged in an arrangement direction on a substrate surface via a trench and an outline structure connected to and containing therein the plurality of columnar structures; a second step of oxidizing the optical-device forming body from a state where the optical-device forming body starts to be oxidized to a state where the columnar structure is oxidized; and a third step in which an unoxidized residual part of the outline structure in the second step is oxidized after the second step so as to form an oxidized body. Furthermore, the third step includes restraining the outline structure from being deformed with respect to at least the arrangement direction of the columnar structures in the third step.

Abstract: A projector includes a light diffusing unit that is vibratably provided to diffuse incident light by a vibration and to emit diffused light, the light diffusing unit having a unique resonance frequency, a vibration generating unit that has a piezoelectric element for vibrating the light diffusing unit, and a control unit that controls the vibration generating unit to vibrate the light diffusing unit at a frequency corresponding to the unique resonance frequency of the light diffusing unit. An image is displayed using the diffused light emitted from the light diffusing unit.

Abstract: A plasma etch process etches high aspect ratio openings in a dielectric film on a workpiece in a reactor having a ceiling electrode overlying the workpiece and an electrostatic chuck supporting the workpiece. The process includes injecting a polymerizing etch process gas through an annular zone of gas injection orifices in the ceiling electrode, and evacuating gas from the reactor through a pumping annulus surrounding an edge of the workpiece. The high aspect ratio openings are etched in the dielectric film with etch species derived from the etch process gas while depositing a polymer derived from the etch process gas onto the workpiece, by generating a plasma in the reactor by applying VHF source power and/or HF and/or LF bias power to the electrodes at the ceiling and/or the electrostatic chuck.

Abstract: A plasma etch process for etching a workpiece is carried out in a plasma reactor having a ceiling electrode overlying the process region with plural concentric gas injection zones. The process includes injecting process gases with different compositions of chemical species through different ones of the gas injection zones to establish a distribution of chemical species among the plural gas injection zones. The process gases include fluorine-rich polymerizing etch gases that promote a high etch rate, carbon-rich polymerizing etch gases that promote a high polymer deposition rate, polymer management gases (e.g., oxygen or nitrogen) that retard polymer deposition rate and an inert diluent gas that reduces etch profile tapering.

Abstract: In the bevel etching apparatus relating to the present invention, a substrate is inserted between electrically connected electrodes. A high-frequency power source is connected to the electrodes, and ground potential is applied to a support unit that supports the substrate. Gas (atmosphere) is supplied to the gap between the electrodes and the application of the high-frequency electric power to the electrodes causes the generation of atmospheric-pressure glow discharge between the electrode and the substrate. Bevel etching is performed by rotating the substrate along the circumferential direction in this condition. According to this construction, the bevel etching can be simultaneously performed to the front surface, the rear surface and the side of the substrate without causing any configuration change in the substrate.

Abstract: A method is provided for processing a workpiece in a plasma reactor chamber having a ceiling electrode and a workpiece support pedestal within the chamber facing the ceiling electrode and supporting the workpiece. The method includes providing a fixed impedance match element between a generator of VHF plasma source power and the ceiling electrode. The method further includes introducing a process gas into the chamber and supplying VHF plasma source power from the generator to the ceiling electrode to generate a plasma having a plasma ion density in the chamber. The reactance of the ceiling electrode is selected to establish a plasma-electrode resonant frequency of a resonance formed between the plasma and the ceiling electrode at least nearly equal to the frequency of the VHF plasma source power.

Abstract: Systems, devices and methods of measuring a flow of a liquid stream for a semiconductor process are provided. The liquid stream is delivered through a liquid delivery nozzle. The nozzle is adapted to deliver the liquid stream for the semiconductor process. The free stream extends from an upstream location near the nozzle to a downstream location. The stream is marked at the upstream location and measured at the downstream location to determine the flow.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for automatic gain control. A film on a substrate is polished by a chemical mechanical polisher that includes a polishing pad and an in-situ monitoring system. The polishing pad includes a first portion, and the in-situ monitoring system includes a light source and a light detector. The light source emits light, and light emitted from the light source is directed through the first portion and to a surface of the film being polished. Light reflecting from the surface of the film being polished and passing through the first portion is received at the light detector. An electronic signal is generated based on the light received at the light detector. When the electronic signal is evaluated not to satisfy one or more constraints, a gain for the light detector is adjusted so that the electronic signal would satisfy the one or more constraints.

Abstract: A joining method head is proposed for fixation to a movable frame, in particular to a robot, having a holding means for an element to be joined to a part, a joining drive means to move the holding means along a joining direction for joining, and a feeding means for feeding elements to the joining method head. Here a control means to control the joining drive means is arranged at the joining method head spatially distanced from the holding means and the joining drive means, so that the holding means and the joining drive means form a joining tool of small dimensions, and means are provided to pass on the elements fed to a transfer station of the feeding means in each instance to the holding means from in front.

Abstract: A method for repairing a component within a SWET box is provided. The method includes providing a SWET box that has a divided interior volume that defines a welding chamber within the interior that is smaller than a total volume of the interior SWET box, positioning a component to be repaired within the welding chamber, introducing protective gas into the SWET box, and controlling the flow of protective gas into the SWET box to facilitate minimizing the consumption of the protective gas within the SWET box.

Abstract: Heat exchange plates are stacked. The stacked plates are transported to a table. A pressing member is placed on an uppermost plate of the stacked plates to apply a pressing force to them. A shell is placed to surround a space encompassing the stacked plates to isolate the plates from an outside. A gas is discharged from the space encompassing the plates to the outside through gas supply/discharge sections provided on the table.

Abstract: A thin beam directional crystallization system configured to process a substrate comprises a laser configured to produce laser light, the laser configured to have a high energy mode and a low energy mode. The high energy mode is configured to produce light energy sufficient to completely melt a substrate coated with amorphous silicon film, while the low energy mode is configured to produce light energy that is not sufficient to completely melt a substrate coated with amorphous silicon film. The system further comprises beam shaping optics coupled to the laser and configured to convert the laser light emitted from the laser into a long thin beam with a short axis and a long axis, a stage configured to support the substrate and film, and a translator coupled with the stage, the translator configured to advance the substrate and film so as to produce a step size in conjunction with the firing of the laser.