Abstract: An optical-scanning apparatus is disclosed. In at least one embodiment, the optical-scanning apparatus includes a light deflector to deflect a beam from a light source; and an optical housing including a scanning-image optical system to focus the beam to scan a photo conductive photo receptor therewith as a light spot. The optical housing includes a collection member to collect particulate materials. The collection member includes a structure combining or overlapping plural sheet-shaped members, each including a highly-chargeable electrostatic absorption filter. Alternatively, the collection member includes an electrostatic absorption filter and a breathable sheet-shaped member covering almost all the surface of the electrostatic absorption filter.

Abstract: A scanning method for optical scanning of a body includes illuminating the body by a lighting unit and a light receiver unit receives light transmitted from the lighting unit to the body and reflected by the body so that a scanning zone of a scanning unit is defined by the lighting unit and the light receiver unit. Two scanning units each having a scanning region are used, which overlap at least in part in an overlap zone, and at least when the surface of the body is in an overlap zone, the scanning sensitivity of at least one of the scanning units is reduced at least for the overlap zone. At least one scanning unit is used which is configured and/or arranged such that it can scan a part of the body which is as large as possible. A scanning apparatus is also provided for carrying out the scanning method.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for acquiring total uniformity for a scintillation imaging apparatus are provided. A generic energy (Z) map is first obtained. The generic Zmap is then corrected for linearity by use of a dot pattern. The listmode data is used to construct an energy histogram matrix. A twin Zmap is then obtained by optimizing the lower and upper boundaries of the energy window for each pixel in relation to the average energy over the Center Field of View.

Abstract: A method and related system of pulsed-neutron logging. At least some of the illustrative embodiments are a method comprising releasing neutrons from a neutron source of a logging tool within a borehole, detecting gamma rays by a sensor on the logging tool (the gamma rays produced by capture of at least some of the neutrons, and wherein the detecting produces sensed gamma rays), determining from the sensed gamma rays a point in time at which gamma rays produced within the borehole reach a predetermined threshold, and using the sensed gamma rays detected after the point in time to determine a parameter of a formation surrounding the borehole.

Abstract: We propose a practical method to generate cluster states for quantum computers. The qubit systems can be NV-centers in diamond, Pauli-blockade quantum dots with an excess electron or ion traps with optical transitions, which are subsequently entangled using a so-called double-heralded single-photon detection scheme. The fidelity of the resulting entanglement is extremely robust against the most important practical errors such as detector loss, light collection efficiency and mode mismatching. The cluster states are generated efficiently using a modified probabilistic teleportation protocol.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to devices and methods for displaying ion mobility based analysis information using a processor that processes data from an ion mobility based analyzer and a display that displays the processed data in a three-dimensional representation.

Abstract: The invention concerns an electrospray source having a structure comprising at least one flat and thin tip (3) in cantilever in relation to the rest (1) of the structure, the tip (3) being provided with a capillary slot (5) formed through the complete thickness of the tip and which ends up at the end (6) of the tip (3) to form an ejection orifice of the electrospray source, the source comprising means of supplying (4) the capillary slot (5) with liquid to be nebulised and means of applying an electrospray voltage to the liquid. The invention further concerns a method of manufacturing said electrospray source.

Abstract: Foreign materials (contaminants) will usually affect many other properties of the surface as well as affecting the adhesion. This allows the use of indirect or off-contact measurement of surface energy to evaluate the quality of the surface. Our approach is environmentally friendly, uses no consumables and is totally benign to the surfaces being bonded. In order to detect contaminants on a substrate, the optical reflectivity properties of the materials can be compared. Metals and composites have different reflectivity than organics, which have low reflectivity (i.e. high absorption). This can usually be seen in white light by using a selected part of the light spectrum to enhance visual contrast between the two materials. This is because the reflectivity of a material changes with the wavelength of light. UV light can cause fluorescence of a few materials but this limits performance for a versatile machine.

Abstract: A method and system for detecting and monitoring a temporal and spatial distribution of a light beam are provided. A semiconductor substrate (120) having a given doping concentration range is partially exposed to an incident laser beam (150). Each part of the semiconductor structure (120) which is exposed to the laser beam is provided with an electrical contact (145), which outputs a voltage which is directly related to the optical power or energy incident on the exposed area. The thermo-voltage is produced by the laser induced thermal gradients. The sensitivity and inter-pixel cross-talk is determined by pixel pitch, doping concentration and window opening (110). Depending of the design, each pixel might be sensitive to the temporal variation of the laser beam.

Abstract: The optical system comprises a light source, a first optical element, a projecting lens, and an electromagnetic-wave sensor. Light from the light source passes the first optical element and the lens sequentially to reach a screen, and light reflected by the screen passes the lens and reaches the electromagnetic-wave sensor via the first optical element.

Abstract: A nuclear imaging system and method are provided for synchronously recovering the field of view of a target to be imaged includes multiple detectors attached to a gantry, a support member or wobbling ring and a driver. The driver engages the wobbling ring whereby the wobbling ring rotates with respect to the gantry. The wobbling ring cooperates with the detectors causing the detectors to synchronously adjust to multiple viewing positions of a detection target, enabling recovery of the full field of view from an otherwise truncated field of view if the detectors were stationary with respect to the gantry.

Abstract: A method, device and system for monitoring ionizing radiation. The method including: collecting an ionizing radiation induced charge collected by the depletion region of a diode formed in a silicon layer below an oxide layer buried below a surface of a silicon substrate; and coupling a cathode of the diode to a precharged node of a clocked logic circuit such that the ionizing radiation induced charge collected by a depletion region of the diode will discharge the precharged node and change an output state of the clocked logic circuit.

Abstract: A charged particle beam including charged particles (e.g., electrons) is generated from a charged particle source (e.g., a cathode or scanning electron beam). As the beam is projected, it passes between plural alternating electric fields. In one embodiment, the electric fields alternate not only on the same side but across from each other as well. The attraction of the charged particles to their oppositely charged fields accelerates the charged particles, thereby increasing their velocities in the corresponding (positive or negative) direction. The velocity oscillation direction can be either perpendicular to the direction of motion of the beam or parallel to the direction of motion of the beam.

Abstract: The invention relates to a thermal switch for particle-optical apparatus. In, for example, a cryo-TEM (transmission electron microscope), a sample 34 that is placed at an extremity 20 of a sample holder 7 can be maintained at, for example, the temperature of liquid nitrogen. There is a need to be able to inspect a sample at, for example, room temperature in a simple manner, without heating the microscope as a whole from the cryogenic temperature to room temperature. By using the thermal switch 40, this becomes possible. To this end, the thermal switch changes the thermal path between a cold source 22 in the apparatus and the extremity 20 of the sample holder 7, whereby, in one position, position 46a, a connection is made from the extremity 20 to the cold source 22, and, in the other position, position 46b, a connection is made to a portion 44 of the apparatus that is maintained at room temperature.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus for observing inside structures and a specimen holder, wherein aging degradation of a good sample to a bad sample can be tracked in the same field of view, using the same specimen in order to determine the mechanism of failure. The present invention is a method for observing inside structures. The method comprises irradiating a specimen with a corpuscular beam generated from a corpuscular beam source, detecting transmitted particles transmitted by the specimen, applying a voltage to a portion of the specimen, and observing of a detection status of the transmitted particles in the voltage-applied portion as needed.

Abstract: Certain film deposition and selective etching technology may involve scanning of a charged particle beam along with a deposition gas and etching gas, respectively. In conventional methods, unfortunately, the deposition rate or the selective ratio is oftentimes decreased depending on optical system setting, scan spacing, dwell time, loop time, substrate, etc. Accordingly, an apparatus is provided for finding an optical system setting, a dwell time, and a scan spacing. These parameters are found to realize the optimal scanning method of the charged particle beam from the loop time dependence of the deposition rate or etching rate. This deposition rate or etching rate are measurements stored in advance for a desired irradiation region where film deposition or selective etching should be performed. The apparatus displays a result of its judgment on a display device.

Abstract: The invention is intended to confirm whether the SOBP (spread-out Bragg peak) width is a desired value in real time during beam irradiation, and to improve safety in treatment. Ion beam delivery equipment comprises a beam generator including a synchrotron, an RMW (range modulation wheel) device for forming an SOBP width of an ion beam extracted from the beam generator, a beam delivery nozzle including a reference dose monitor and a main dose monitor which are installed respectively upstream and downstream of the RMW device in the direction of travel of the ion beam, and an SOBP width computing unit for computing the SOBP width of the ion beam, which is formed by the RMW device, based on values detected by both the reference dose monitor and the main dose monitor.

Abstract: A reduction projection objective for projection lithography has a plurality of optical elements arranged along an optical axis and designed for imaging an effective object field arranged in an object surface of the projection objective into an effective image field arranged in an image surface of the projection objective at a reducing magnification ratio. The optical elements include at least one concave mirror. The optical elements are designed to provide an image-side numerical aperture NA>0.6 in a large effective image field having a maximum image field height Y?>25 mm. A compact, low mass projection objective enabling high throughput of exposed substrates is thereby obtained.

Abstract: Back-scattered x-rays incident on a person working with a patient on an operating table are reduced by upper and lower x-ray shield panels mounted so they can be turned relative to each other about a common vertical axis. The panels are thick enough and have proximate horizontal edges close enough to each other to substantially attenuate the back-scattered x-rays incident on front faces of the panels and a gap between the edges while the panels are aligned. The panels pivot about the vertical axis to form an opening enabling the person's hand(s) and forearm(s) to extend through. A hinge connects the upper and lower panels to a third panel. In a second embodiment, the upper and lower panels are moved up and down together, while the lower panel remains aligned with a fixed fourth panel for protecting the person's legs.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pinch clamp that includes a support leg member and a coupling leg member, which are interconnected by a curved portion, and a generally upwardly extending anchor portion having at least one anchoring flange located at the distal end of the anchor portion. The pinch clamp also contains at least one tabular member which extends outward from the anchor portion, which facilitates opening of the pinch clamp.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for a valve assembly comprising a valve body, a valve element, a shaft, an engagement stop, an actuator housing, a manual lockout, and a lock. The valve body includes an inlet port, an outlet port, and a flow passage extending therebetween. The valve element is disposed within the valve body flow passage, and is movable between a closed position and a full-open position. The shaft is coupled to the valve element and extends through the valve body. The engagement stop is coupled to, and extends radially from, the shaft. The actuator housing at least partially surrounds the shaft. The manual lockout is configured, upon receipt of a torque, to selectively engage and disengage the engagement stop. The lock is coupled to the actuator housing, and is movable between a lock position and an unlock position.

Abstract: The invention describes a method and a pressure control device for the valve calibration of an analog controlling, electrically actuatable hydraulic valve (2, 2?, 3, 3?, 3?, 3??) in a device with at least one externally supplied pressurization unit (1, 1?) and with pressure sensors (9, 10, 10?, 10?, 10??), with said device comprising several pressure control circuits (A, B, C, D) and in particular several brake circuits (I., II.), and with at least some pressure control circuits being connected to a pressure sensor associated with this circuit and to inlet and outlet valves. In this method, several calibration routines are performed to generate and store automatically established calibration data, and during or prior to each calibration routine, the externally supplied pressurization unit (1, 1?) produces pressure in at least one pressure control circuit (A, B, C, D), and calibration data is recorded for one or several analog controlling hydraulic valves by using the pressure that has built up.

Abstract: An electromagnetically driven valve includes a driven valve having a stem extending in a prescribed direction and an umbrella-shaped portion provided at a tip end of the stem and opening/closing an intake/exhaust port, a lower disc and an upper disc having one ends coupled to the stem and the other ends supported by a disc support base so as to allow free oscillation of the disc respectively and oscillating around the other ends so as to cause the driven valve to carry out reciprocating motion in the prescribed direction, a lash adjuster provided in the stem, and a guide ring guiding the lash adjuster along the prescribed direction. The lash adjuster contracts and expands in the prescribed direction and accommodates displacement of the stem produced in a direction orthogonal to the prescribed direction as a result of reciprocating motion of the driven valve. With such a structure, the driven valve carries out smooth reciprocating motion.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve comprises: a solenoid unit including a core, an armature and a coil; and a valve unit including a valve element connected to the armature to travel therewith, and a valve seat that regulates a movement in valve closing direction of the valve element, and is open and closed by the valve element separating from or coming in contact and a stopper for regulating a movement in valve opening direction of the valve element; and that is connected to the solenoid unit; and in which there is provided a cavity that communicates with a gap formed between the core and the armature in opposition, and the cavity forms a resonator for suppressing bounce of the valve element. In spite of the simple structure, it is possible to effectively suppress bounce of the valve element that takes place at the time of valve opening/closing.

Abstract: A safety plug for use with a quick-disconnect coupler that incorporates a piston-type check valve. The check valve substantially reduces the reaction force caused by the residual compressed air when a hose is disconnected from a compressed air supply, and thus eliminates the danger of having the end of the hose whip about. The safety plug is readily assembled and disassembled for inspection and maintenance.

Abstract: Annular angulated spring-like seat rings of a floating or trunnion type ball valve are positioned within the angulated seat recess and define inner and outer circular edges, an annular face sealing surface and an annular back face sealing surface. The seat rings each establish annular face sealing with the spherical sealing surface of said valve ball and annular sealing with the annular angulated seat recess surface. The inner periphery of each annular spring-like seat ring is defined by an annular radiused edge providing a smoothly contoured annular internal edge surface establishing initial sealing with the valve ball and minimizing the potential for erosion of the spherical sealing surface of the valve ball during opening and closing rotation of the valve ball. The valve mechanism is provided with a valve stem actuator and a spring cover with adjustable stem rotation stop.

Abstract: A diaphragm valve has a body, a top cover and a diaphragm assembly. The body has an open top, a primary chamber, an inlet passage and an outlet passage. The top cover is mounted on the open top of the body and has a balance chamber. The diaphragm assembly is mounted between the top cover and the body, extends in the primary chamber and has a diaphragm, a shaft and a seal. The diaphragm is mounted between the top cover and the body. The shaft is longitudinal, is mounted on the diaphragm and extends downward in the primary. The seal is mounted on the shaft and selectively seals the outlet passage. The longitudinal shaft allows the air pumped into the inlet passage to smoothly flow out of the outlet passage without causing turbulence.

Abstract: The invention relates to magnetorheological materials comprising at least one non-magnetisable carrier medium and magnetisable particles contained therein, at least two magnetisable particles fractions being contained as particles and these being formed from non-spherical particles and from spherical particles.

Abstract: A heat conductive substance having a melting point below 160° C. and constituted by a first component selectively changeable between first and second aggregate states and made from one of an alloy of a plurality of metals and pure metal and having associated therewith a second compound comprising at least one metal other than and inert with respect to the plurality of metals and pure metal of the first compound when in its first aggregate state with the second compound readily forming a third compound with the first compound in its aggregate second state, the third compound differing in its physical and chemical properties and in its melting point from the physical and chemical properties and melting point of the first and second components.

Abstract: The invention relates to an intermediate product based on the organic carbonates and carbamates mixture and method for the production thereof. The inventive method consists in reacting a carbamide, a substituted carbamide, a carbamic acid salt or ester or one of the N-substituted derivatives thereof in a glycol polyalkylene, polyol polyester or a polyol polyether of general formula (I), wherein R is a linear or branched alkylene group having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms and n is a number ranging from 1 to 20, or in a totally or partly hydrolysed polyvinyl alcohol of general formula (II), wherein R? is an alkyl, aryl or acyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms p and q are numbers ranging from 1 to 20, or dissolving in the mixture of said compounds with an alkaline catalyst promoting the ammonia separation. The thus free ammonia or an amine produced by the reaction mixture is removed by a stripping gas.

Abstract: A process for preparation of co-granules including one or more bleach activators and one or more bleach agent compounds is described. The bleach component is mixed and coated with a binder selected from the group of fatty acids, fatty acid polyol esters, polyglycols and fatty alcohol oxalkylates. One or more bleach activators is added to this mixture followed by granulation or agglomeration in a mixer, resulting in a bleach co-granule composition including the bleach activator and peroxide components.

Abstract: An electroluminescent composition comprises a dopant which is an aromatic substituted anthracene compound mixed with a host material.

Abstract: A type of inorganic light-emitting material for a UV solid light source is described. The inorganic light-emitting material is fluorescent powder for a silicate-based UV solid light source. The main ingredient is Sr2CaLn2(SiO4)3±?. The center of the light-emitting part is the material entering the cation light lattice node. The material is Eu+2, Sm+2, Yb+2, Dy+2, Mn+2, Sn+2, and Cu+2 series +2 valence ions. The second part of the light-emitting is the +3 valence TR+3 ions of Ce+3, Eu+3, Tb+3, Sm+3, and Dy+3 series distributed inside the nodes. When the chemical index is 0???0.2, the indium nitride and gallium nitride-based allomorphous semiconductor short wave UV light, under conditions of excitement, produces light radiation wavelength ??430 nm multiple band white light that can then be used. The color temperature is between T=2500 K and 12000 K.

Abstract: A nano compound. The nano compound includes a metal or oxide thereof and an organic compound capable of oxidation and reduction bonded to the metal or oxide thereof. The invention also provides an organic memory device including the nano compound.

Abstract: The invention provides an antistatic treatment agent having an ability of preventing resist film thinning phenomenon in a chemically amplified resist, an antistatic film, a coated article and a pattern forming method using such antistatic treatment agent, in particular, the invention provides an antistatic treatment agent comprising an aqueous solvent-soluble electroconductive polymer, a diamine (divalent) or polyamine (polyvalent) aliphatic basic compound and an anionic surfactant, an antistatic film, a coated article and a pattern forming method using such antistatic treatment agent. As the aqueous solvent-soluble electroconductive polymer, a ?-conjugated electroconductive polymer having a Brönsted acid group is a sulfonic acid group is preferred and it is preferable that the amount of the diamine (divalent) or polyamine (polyvalent) aliphatic basic compound be from 0.1 to 75 mol % based on the total number of moles of the basic compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are anisotropic conductive particles contained in anisotropic conductive adhesive films which can be used in circuit board mounting applications. The conductive particles have a uniform shape, a narrow particle diameter distribution, and appropriate compressive de-formability and recoverability from deformation. In addition, the conductive particles exhibit enhanced conducting properties without being ruptured when interposed and compressed between connection substrates, thereby achieving a sufficient contact area between the particles and the connection substrates. Further disclosed are polymer-based particles used in the conductive particles.

Abstract: There is disclosed a gradient structure material comprising a substrate 1 and a functional material 2 formed on the substrate. The gradient structure material is thermally treated while a desired gradient temperature is applied to a specific direction and a specific region of the functional material on the substrate. Consequently, without adding “gradient structure” of a component concentration, a content of oxide, or a crystal structure, the functional material on the substrate is provided with useful function which is not heretofore existed, or a performance can be enhanced unlike a conventional technique.

Abstract: It is a composite-type mixed oxygen ion and electronic conductor, in which an oxygen ion conductive phase consists of gadolinium-doped cerium oxide (GDC), an electronic conductive phase consists of spinel-type ferrite (CFO), the particle diameters of both phases are 1 ?m or less, respectively, both phases are uniformly mixed mutually, and both phases form respective conductive networks. Both phases have low solid solubility mutually, chemical reactions are not easily caused between both phases, and even if chemical reactions are caused between both phases, different phase to disturb mixed conductivity is not formed. And it has high oxygen permeability, and does not easily cause aged deterioration.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are thermochromic elastic articles suitable for a variety of uses. The thermochromic elastic articles include at least one elastic polymeric composition having at least one thermochromic pigment substantially uniformly dispersed therein, and the elastomeric polymers include such as elastomeric emulsion-based polymers and elastomeric solution-based polymers. Such thermochromic elastic articles are highly useful for use in protective wear products, health care and medical care products, bandages and the like, and are capable of signaling environmental temperature change or temperature change in a wearer or user via a change in color. Additionally provided are articles of manufacture including the thermochromic elastic articles, such as articles including without limitation gloves, medical wraps, garments, and stress indicating articles.

Abstract: A flame retardant composition which comprises a first liquid, which is selected from the group consisting of non-halogenated polyols and mixtures thereof; a second liquid, which is selected from the group consisting of halogenated polyols or mixtures thereof; and tetrabromobisphenol A.

Abstract: A pulling tool for grabbing and pulling material from underneath structural elements. The tool has a handle, the handle having a main body portion and having one flat end portion bent from one end of the body portion. A thin, narrow, claw member is attached to the free end of the one end portion and extends across and past both sides of the one end portion to form a claw on each side of the handle at one end of the handle. Each claw is tapered to a straight end edge which edge is transverse to the end portion. Each claw has a narrow v-shaped material receiving slot extending inwardly from the straight end edge to allow the claw to grab the material being removed.

Abstract: A powerjack includes a base, a lift member, a lift mechanism supporting the lift member on the base, and an electric motor operably connected to lift mechanism, for operating the jack. The jack may be combined with a power cord having two ends, with one end operably connectable to the motor and having a power source attachment on the other end. Optionally, there may be at least one accessory light operably connected to the power cord. A light accessory that may be used apart from the jack includes a power cord, an inlet plug, a source plug, and an accessory light connected to the power cord.

Abstract: A motorcycle front end stand for moving the front end of a motorcycle between front fork raised and lowered positions has a frame with a pair of laterally spaced, upright members, a pivot attachment affixed to each upright member, and a fork support pivotally attached to each of the upright member pivot attachments wherein each of the fork supports have fork engagement elements and the fork engagement elements are positioned below the upright member pivot attachments to provide a stable support for the motorcycle front end while permitting access to the motorcycle front axle when the front fork is mounted in the fork engagement elements and the front end stand is in the front fork elevated position.

Abstract: It is described a device for lifting and stabilizing loads, comprising a frame and a height-adjustable crossmember, which is located below said frame, bears the load, and is stabilized by two intersecting telescopic struts that are hinged on the crossmember so that they can pivot, said struts being in turn secured against modifications in length by means of two stays. Each stay, which is deflected by a deflection pulley provided on the frame or crossmember in the vicinity of the hinged ends of the telescopic struts, is guided in a parallel manner to or in an essentially coaxial manner with the pivoting axis of the telescopic strut to an additional (third) deflection pulley and is then conducted to the other respective telescopic strut.

Abstract: An elevator sheave (20) includes a belt guiding surface (26) having a surface profile along at least a portion of the belt guiding surface. The surface profile preferably is defined by an nth order polynomial equation where n is a number greater than 2. In one example, the reference point (40) is a central point along the width of the belt guiding surface (26). In one example, a central portion (42) of the surface profile preferably is aligned to be generally parallel with the central axis (34) of the sheave body. Some examples have curvilinear side portions (44, 46) between the central portion (42) and the edges (28, 30) of the sheave. Other examples also include second side portions (48, 50) that have linear profiles.

Abstract: A method for distributing power has developed without cutting off power supplying while a live electric wire is replaced on the electric poles by using a wire changing device for replacing the electric line, relocating the electric poles and alteration of the power distribution route. Replacement operation of the live electric wire is sequentially performed by connecting new wire and separating old wire by the wire changing device mounted on each electric pole without using bypass cable. The wire changing device comprises a cross-arm fastening unit, wire replacing unit and axial-rotating unit having a central arm fixture, axial shaft, arm coupling and position locking unit. The wire changing method comprises the steps of: mounting the wire changing device on each electric pole, replacing new and old wires without cutting off power supply, arranging the wire space, installing and tightening the new wire on each LP insulator of the electric pole, and removing the separated wire.

Abstract: The pontoon boat lift system comprises a plurality of lifts. Each lift is comprised of a channel that mounts to deck support members of the boat. One end of a leg is pivotally mounted to one end of the channel. A screw supported in the channel is turned by a connection to an electric motor. A threaded follower on the screw travels along the screw when it is rotated by the motor. A fulcrum arm connects between the threaded follower and the leg to transmit a longitudinal movement of the follower into a pivotal movement of the leg. The leg is thus moveable between a raised and a lowered position. A base pad connected to the opposite end of the leg comprises a plurality of spaced support surfaces that contact the bottom of a body of water. The base pad supports the leg on the bottom of the body of water and easily separates from the bottom when the leg is moved to the raised position. The operation of the lifts is coordinated to raise the pontoon boat above the surface of the water at desired shoreline locations.

Abstract: A guardrail system including a sled designed to absorb the impact of a vehicle is disclosed. The sled forms part of the terminal portion of the guardrail system. The terminal portion of the guardrail system also includes one or more cables that are anchored to the ground and pass through the sled. The sled supports a cable break that is in engagement with the cable. The sled is supported by a releasable post that is released from its base upon the impact of a vehicle. The cable or cables extend for some distance from the sled along the guardrail system. Once the post supporting the sled is released from its base due to the impact of a vehicle, the sled can move along the cable with the friction between the cable brake and the cable gradually dissipating the energy from the impact.

Abstract: A modular fencing system is disclosed, comprising panels of tubular frame and welded wire mesh, bases adapted to engage with and support the panels, coupling brackets and tie-downs, and optionally including no-climb panels. The system may also include mating pallet and stowage baskets for transporting and storing the components of the system.

Abstract: An electroluminescent device based on bistability, and method for its use. The device alternates between a low resistance state and a high resistance state by application of an electrical voltage. A bistable electrical device has two electrodes sandwiching an organic material that produces bistable action. An organic light emitting diode next to the bistable device is emits light when conducting. To achieve graduated light output, circuitry is provided for applying to the bistable device a constant bias voltage intermediate a turnoff voltage and a turn-on voltage, and electrical pulses variable in a temporal pulse width or in an additional voltage, or in both. The additional voltage is superimposed on the bias voltage while the pulse is applied. The current through the bistable device, and therefore the brightness of light emitted by the diode after the pulse has ceased, are controlled by varying the pulse width or the additional voltage.