Abstract: An optical recording media objective lens is disclosed for converging either of two working lights of a first wavelength or a second wavelength. The working light of the first wavelength is converged at a first numerical aperture onto the first optical recording medium and the working light of the second wavelength is converged at a second numerical aperture onto the second optical recording medium. An aperture adjusting zonal part is included on at least one of the objective lens surfaces for apparently eliminating light at the periphery of a light flux having a wavelength ?1 while maintaining light at the periphery of a light flux having a wavelength ?2, where ?1 is one of the first and second wavelengths and ?2 is the other wavelength. The aperture adjusting zonal part is formed so as to satisfy two conditions.

Abstract: A light emitting module and method for shaping a beam via a beam shaping window and an optical pickup apparatus employing the same. The light emitting module includes a base, a semiconductor laser that is installed on the base and emits a laser beam of a predetermined wavelength, a cap surrounding the semiconductor laser, a beam shaping window that is fitted with a predetermined portion of the cap corresponding to the propagation path of the laser beam and shapes a transmitted laser beam while reflecting a portion of an incident beam, and a monitor photodetector that is disposed within the cap and receives the laser beam reflected by the beam shaping window in order to monitor the laser beam emitted by the semiconductor laser.

Abstract: An optical disc includes a plurality of recording layers, each layer having a lead-in area, a data area, and a lead-out area. A dedicated-reproducing area having a disc-related information zone, and a rewritable area are provided in at least one of the lead-in and lead-out areas of the optical disc. Accordingly, a reliability of a data recording/reproducing with respect to the optical disc is improved.

Abstract: To make a magneto-optical disk to have higher track density and enable stable tracking servo to be performed thereon. On an magneto-optical disk, a first groove Gv1, a second groove Gv2, and a third groove Gv3 are formed so as to be adjacently arranged. The first groove Gv1 and the second groove Gv2 are deep grooves, and the third groove Gv3 is a shallow groove. Data is recorded on six recording tracks of these three grooves and three lands between respective grooves. A CTS signal is obtained by a sum signal (A+B+C+D) of a photo-detector 6, and a push-pull signal is obtained by a difference signal (A+D)?(B+C) of a photo-detector 8.

Abstract: A rate-adaptive mechanism for optimizing transmitter/receiver connections on a carrier-by-carrier basis for maximum date rate based on channel attributes for that connection and direction. Channel information is produced by a channel adaptation process based on channel characteristics and is stored in both transmitter and receiver as a channel map with an associated a channel map index for channel map look-up. The channel map index for a channel map used to modulate a payload of a frame is conveyed by transmitter to receiver in the frame so that the receiver is able to select the correct channel map for demodulation.

Abstract: MS receives a downlink signal transmitted based on a guard interval determined using a delay profile with high accuracy generated based on a CDMA uplink signal, and performs Fourier Transform processing on a preamble portion of the downlink signal to demodulate. Transmission parameters (guard interval, subcarrier frequency interval and the number of subcarriers) contained in the preamble portion are extracted and output to Fourier Transform section 303. The section 303 performs Fourier Transform processing on a data portion based on the extracted transmission parameters. Demodulation section 304 demodulates signals subjected to the Fourier Transform processing to output as received data. It is thereby possible to generate the delay profile with high accuracy to determine the guard interval, and to ensure transmission quality while improving the spectral efficiency.

Abstract: Recovery time upon the failure of a link or switching system in an asynchronous data network can be minimized if downstream data switches provide upstream messages indicating to upstream switching system that the downstream traffic arrived in tact and was properly handled. Upon this loss or failure of the upstream status message to an upstream switching system, an upstream switching system can reroute data traffic around a failed link or failed switch with a minimal amount of lost data. The upstream status message is conveyed from a downstream switching system to an upstream switching system via a reverse notification tree data pathway.

Abstract: To allow performance monitoring of the end-to-end path from the Ingress node to the Egress node of the GFP network by an FCS (Frame Check Sequence) check in a GFP (Generic Frame Procedure) frame, the FCS generation target area is set in the payload field of the GFP frame, no FCS recalculation is performed at the relay node and the GFP frame is transferred to the next node with the FCS added when the GFP frame is received even if an error is detected by the FCS check.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to restoration of low priority services in a network. More particularly, the invention encompasses a method and an apparatus for delaying the start of the restoration of low priority services in a communication network. The invention further includes multiple schemes for restoring low priority services. The network could consist of optical, ATM, FR, or IP/MPLS switches and cross-connects.

Abstract: Transmission channel monitoring, detection, classification, and adaptation provide solutions to severe information blockage problems during transmission. Channel monitoring is achieved through two types of detection and re-transmission strategies. Channel detection is accomplished by means of counting the number of negative acknowledgements, which classifies the channel degradation level and determines which alternatives to be adapted in order to combat specific blockage phenomenon. Blockage level is first translated into and related to transmission link parameters in terms of total carrier power to noise ratios, from which the methods of bit rate reduction, modem density increasing, and higher encoding rate are brought forth. A blockage identifier and the optimal smearing technique are used. Frequency-diversity and space-diversity, a method for combating complete blockage and an adaptive programmable channel equalization technique independent of channel characteristics are described.

Abstract: In a packet switched wireless communications network, a parameter of a communication channel request indicates that the communication channel is to be used to transfer call related control messages. Upon receipt of the communication channel request, a network element sends a request to a radio access network that a part of the communication channel should be setup to transfer call related control messages. Another network element sets filtering information to allow only specific messages to be transferred on the communication channel. Specifically, the filtering information is set such that only call related control messages may be transferred on the communication channel. The other network element then sends the filtering information to the user equipment (UE). The UE derives the uplink filtering information from the received filtering information.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling access to a plurality of resources at a predetermined ratio based on multiple received requests. The system includes a series of multiplexors, adders, subtractors, multi-bit clocked registers, and comparators arranged to maintain the desired predetermined ratio. The registers act to maintain a first value correlated to a first quantity of requests granted for a first requester in excess of an amount desired according to the predetermined ratio and maintain a second value correlated to a second quantity of requests granted for a second requester with respect to the total requests desired from the second requester. One comparator compares the value from the first register with a predetermined value to assess whether to grant access to the first requestor.

Abstract: Disclosed is an Active Queue Management method and apparatus which uses traffic rate information for congestion control. Using a nonlinear fluid-flow model of Traffic Control Protocol, an integral controller in a closed loop configuration with gain settings characterized for stable operation allows a matching of the aggregate rate of the active TCP connections to the available capacity. Further disclosed is a method for calculation of the regime of gains for which stable operation of a given network obtains. This approach allows for capacity matching while maintaining minimal queue size and high link utilization.

Abstract: Label contention in a label switched network is resolved by applying a contention resolution scheme that reconciles policies for handling unidirectional and bidirectional label switched path setup.

Abstract: Apparatus, and an associated method, that reduces the occurrence of generation of redundant requests for retransmission of packet-formatted data, formatted at a physical layer and at a higher-logical layer, such as at an RLP layer. An estimate of an appropriate delay period is formed. The estimate is responsive to communication conditions in the communication system. When a data packet appears to have been inadequately delivered to the RLP logical layer, a DELAY_DETECTION_WINDOW timer is caused to time out the delay period estimated by the estimator. The request for retransmission, generated at the RLP layer, is permitted, upon expiration of the timer if the data packet has not yet been successfully delivered to the RLP layer and the transmitter has not given up the data packet delivery.

Abstract: A method and system for providing remote voice communication service via a wireless local area network (WLAN). A WLAN access point is arranged with predefined security settings to establish a VPN tunnel over a packet network with a VPN terminator on a remote network. The access point then wirelessly receives voice traffic from a wireless terminal operating in the WLAN and sends the voice traffic over the VPN tunnel to the remote network, for transmission to a call control device, which provides connectivity with a voice transport network. And the access point similarly receives voice traffic via the VPN tunnel from the remote network and sends the voice traffic wirelessly to the wireless terminal. Advantageously, multiple wireless terminals operating on the WLAN can engage in voice calls concurrently via the access point.

Abstract: Disclosed is a circuit and method for reducing control code transmission between a line card and a switching fabric. One embodiment includes a memory receiving (and storing) data transmitted at a second rate during a first period of time. A quantity of data in the memory at time t, q(t), is compared with first, second, third, and fourth quantity values. The memory may receive data transmitted at the first rate if q(t) is less than the second, third and fourth values but greater than the first value. The memory may receive data transmitted at the third rate if q(t) is greater than the first, second, and third values but less than the fourth value. The memory may receive data transmitted at the second rate if q(t) is greater than the first and second values but less than the third and fourth values.

Abstract: A scheme for guaranteeing network tunnel path (NTP). e.g., Internet Protocol (IP), service levels in optical (e.g., wavelength-division multiplex (WDM)) networks. The invention, in one embodiment, accounts for both network topology (e.g. switches, cross-connects, and links between nodes) and resource usage (e.g., available/provisioned link bandwidth and available/used wavelength paths), which information may be available from the IP and optical WDM protocol layers, in particular (i) router capacities and (ii) presence or absence of wavelength conversion capability of optical cross-connect at each node. A determination is made whether to route an arriving request for an NTP over existing topology by computing “good” routes in accordance with a defined metric, or to open a new, available optical wavelength path by provisioning nodes of the topology for, and computing “good” routes for new wavelength paths. As many requests as possible are identified without a priori information of future requests.

Abstract: A network component for processing a packet can include a buffer configured to receive a packet, a forwarding unit configured to forward the packet received at the first buffer to a loopback port, and a transmitting unit configured to transmit the packet out of the loopback port. In addition, the network component can include a loopback unit configured to loop back the packet into the loopback port, a first identification unit configured to identify an egress port, and a second transmitting unit configured to transmit the packet looped back from the loopback port out of the egress port.

Abstract: The variation cycle L of the characteristics of a transmission line is divided into a plurality of sections (n sections), a procedure is repeated in which transmission line estimation is performed for only one section among n sections in one beacon period, and thus transmission line estimation is performed for all of the n sections. The beacon period T is set based on (T=L×m/n), where n is an integer that is 2 or larger, and m is an integer that is n or larger and whose greatest common measure with n is 1.

Abstract: An apparatus for communicating packets in a network environment is provided that includes a first network element that includes a first neighbor list, the first network element being coupled to a second network element and a third network element. The first network element is operable to receive a second neighbor list from the second network element and a third neighbor list from the third network element. The first network element is further operable to determine one or more overlaps provided by the second and third neighbor lists when compared to the first neighbor list, the first network element relaying an update that it receives based on the one or more overlaps.

Abstract: In a method of registering an IP device in a network where one of a plurality of servers in the network has provided to the IP device an IP address for a controller for which the IP device has not been programmed, the improvement comprising accessing a database to obtain a further IP address for a designated controller for which the IP device has been programmed.

Abstract: A network transfer communication device (6A) or (6B) transfers electronic information from the communication terminal (3) to the communication terminal (5). A destination information abstracter 30 abstracts communication condition information from the transfer request information received from the communication terminal (5). A transfer controller (29) sets communication condition according to the information abstracted by the destination information abstracter (30). A mail server access unit (28) receives the electronic information from the communication terminal (3) according to the setting condition set in the destination information abstracter (30). A transfer controller (29) executes communication control for transferring the electronic information to the communication device (5) according to the condition.

Abstract: A communication network apparatus and method for routing communication signals from a source device to a receiving device. The apparatus performs only local processing on communication signals to thereby increase the speed of processing the signals. A plurality of the processing nodes are combined into a plurality of sub-networks that comprise the network apparatus. Each processing node of a sub-network need only process address information pertaining to the node's current layer, one layer above it, if any, and one layer below it, if any. Additionally, each processing node has associated communication signal frequencies/wavelengths that identify the processing node as the intended recipient of the communication signal.

Abstract: According to one exemplary embodiment, a communication device comprises a line driver, where the line driver provides an output signal. The communication device further comprises a digital echo canceller module coupled to the line driver, where the digital echo canceller module receives an echo reference signal determined by the output signal of the line driver, where the echo canceller module outputs an echo cancellation signal, and where the echo cancellation signal is capable of canceling linear and non-linear components of a composite signal. The communication device further comprises a summation module coupled to the digital echo canceller module, where the summation module receives the echo cancellation signal and the composite signal, and where the composite signal comprises a received signal and the linear and non-linear echo components. The summation module is configured to subtract the echo cancellation signal from the composite signal and to output the received signal.

Abstract: A wireless network device with data storage is provided that utilizes a wireless connection to communicate with a LAN. The wireless network device with data storage includes a control unit, a memory element and a wireless communication module. The control unit includes a base-band processor, an RF interface, an external memory interface and a host device interface, wherein the base-band processor is adapted to process all data input/output through each interfaces. The RF interface connects the wireless communication module with the control unit, the external memory interface connects the memory element with the control unit, and the host device interface makes the control unit connect with an electronic device. The wireless communication module is able to either transmit or receive wireless signals from other electronic devices. The memory element is divided into two storage areas, one used for storage of the driver program for the control unit, the other for storage of user data.

Abstract: A method and system for transmitting data with reduced message instances is disclosed. A wireless message network uses destination identifiers and message pointers to direct message data to multiple mobile units and avoid duplication of messages. In order to provide increased efficiency in the case of duplicate messages, a pointer to a message may be associated with multiple destination identifiers.

Abstract: A system and method are directed towards enabling a server to activate a plurality of peer devices. The server may send a notification to a first peer device and employ subsequent peer devices to send further notifications to other peer devices in a sequence of peer devices, thereby reducing a number of notifications sent by the server. The peer devices may be mobile devices. In one embodiment, the notification indicates that data is available for download to the peer devices. In one embodiment, the sequence is dynamically determined by the server. In one embodiment, an instruction to send a notification to another peer device is provided to a peer device in the sequence along with the downloaded data. In another embodiment, the instruction is provided with the notification. In one embodiment, a notification may be sent using a hidden message mechanism of Short Message Service (SMS), or the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides a technique to reduce the number of RF components by using digital signal processing functions in wireless receivers having two or more antennas, which results in the reduction of system cost. The reduction occurs by using a multiplexer or switch to sample the signal received by each of the antennas. The sampling rate of the multiplexer or switch is greater than the Nyquist required sampling rate (Fs) of the received signal bandwidth. The sampled signal is a multiplexed single analog (RF) signal, which only requires one chain of receiver components. A signal processor then is able to demultiplex the received signal at a lower frequency and can perform several functions including antenna diversity and beam forming utilizing digital signals at IF or baseband frequencies.

Abstract: A clustering based load adaptive sleeping protocol for ad hoc networks includes a plurality of nodes forming a cluster, where the nodes in the cluster are partitioned into n groups. This partitioning is performed based on the node ID (e.g. node_id modulo n). The cluster head transmits a beacon at fixed intervals. The beacon interval is divided into N slots, where N is a multiple of n. Node sleep/activation times are synchronized to the beacon interval slots. The node's group number is used to determine the slots within a beacon interval that a node begins it s sleep cycle. Therefore, no additional signaling is required between nodes to indicate sleep patterns. The sleeping time of each node may be increased when extended periods of inactivity are detected according to an adaptive procedure.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided that uses the feedback information from an ARQ signal that is received to control the transmit diversity of a transmitter. The method provides for improved performance over some existing ARQ plus open loop transmit diversity schemes in terms of bit-error rate for a given Eb/No. Furthermore, the method does not require extra signaling used by closed loop TD schemes.

Abstract: Systems and techniques for communications include calculating a value from data, transmitting the value and data over at least one time slot, receiving the transmission, recalculating the value from the received data, and determining the number of time slots of the transmission from the calculated and recalculated values. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract which will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or the meaning of the claims.

Abstract: A new approach is described for scheduling uplink or downlink transmissions in a network having remote terminals communicating with a central hub. The scheduler keeps track of a token count. The token count for a given remote terminal is incremented by a target amount in each pertinent timeslot, but is also decremented each time that the remote terminal is served. The amount of the decrement for one timeslot is the amount of data served, i.e., transmitted to or from the remote terminal, in that timeslot. In exemplary embodiments of the invention, the target amount by which T is incremented depends on the current value of T. Whenever the token count is non-negative (i.e., whenever it has a positive or zero value), the target amount is a desired floor, or lower limit, on an average amount of data delivered to or from the given remote terminal in one timeslot. Whenever the token count is negative, the target amount is a desired ceiling, or upper limit, on the same average amount of data delivered.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for selecting a communication IP address whereby traffic of a network can be reduced and a session with the partner of communication can be maintained even when the mobile node has moved. The method prescribes provision of means for judging a state of a foreign network to which the mobile node is connected, and means of monitoring an IP address that an application having been started by the mobile node is using for communication, and enables selection of the mobile IP address so that the mobile node can maintain the session surely even in a visited foreign network.

Abstract: The present invention provides a single carrier/DS-CDMA packet transmission method wherein a predetermined time slot is assigned to reservation demand packet transmission in regard to a spreading code, and the reservation demand packet and data packets are time-multiplexed for transmission. An uplink packet transmission method in a multi-carrier/DS-CDMA mobile communication system is also provided, wherein frames are set up in each communication channel of a subcarrier, time slots which are time-segments of the frames are set up further, and a mobile station spreads a packet to be transmitted by a spreading code and the information signal is transmitted to a base station in a predetermined time slot.

Abstract: When transmission is performed using the OFDM-CDMA method, subcarriers #1 through #m, #2m+1 through #3m, #3m+1 through #4m, and #4m+1 through #5m in which spread signals are allocated only in the frequency axis direction, and subcarriers #m+1 through #2m in which spread signals are allocated in both the frequency axis direction and the time axis direction, are formed, and these are transmitted simultaneously.

Abstract: A system and method for reducing access delay associated with multiple access attempt exchanges in a communications network is provided. A system of the present invention may include a mobile station and a base station system for sending and receiving signals; an air interface link for carrying the signals; and a set of timing modules for governing the transmission of the signals, whereby the set of timing modules controls activation periods of the battery's current flow to the transmit clock according to a predetermined time interval. Control of activation periods minimizes delay during access attempts and conserves power resources.

Abstract: A station, such as a point coordinator (PC) or a non-PC station, in a basic service set (BSS) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) is disclosed. The station includes a frame classification entity (FCE), a frame scheduling entity (FSE) and a QoS management entity (QME). The FCE is logically located in a logical link control (LLC) layer of the station and has a classification table containing at least one classifier entry. Each classifier entry contains a virtual stream identifier (VSID) and a frame classifier associated with a user session. The FCE receives a data frame associated with the user session, which can be one of a voice session, a video session, a data session and a multimedia session. The data frame contains in-band quality of service (QoS) signaling information for the user session.

Abstract: Enhanced routing of an authentication, authorization, or accounting-related (AAA) message between a local access network being accessed by a roaming mobile terminal and a home service network is described. A list of one or more intermediary service networks use in routing an AAA message between the mobile terminal and the home service network is generated or retrieved and stored. The list is used in routing the AAA message, whether originated from the local access network or originated from the home network.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for processing the service connection between a user terminal and a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applicable to a WLAN interactive network that at least comprises: a WLAN user terminal, a WLAN access unit, a service control unit and a user information storage unit. The method comprises: setting flags that represent the attached or detached status of the service connection between the user terminal and the WLAN in the WLAN user terminal and the service control unit respectively; establishing or canceling the connection between the user terminal and the network through the interaction between the WLAN user terminal and the WLAN, meanwhile modifying the corresponding flags.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing power control using control information of a traffic channel in a mobile communication system that transmits the control information of the traffic channel over a control channel.

Abstract: A scheduling system and method operable with a burst switching element wherein control information is provided to the switching element via a separate Burst Header that precedes data bursts on ingress data channels. In one embodiment, a series of scheduling determinations are made in a select order such that packet treatment (i.e., processing for transmission, buffering, or packet dropping) is optimized with respect to packet loss and available buffer space. In another embodiment, control information received in the Burst Headers is utilized to reserve output data channel bandwidth to future incoming data packets in a forward-looking scheduling mechanism.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a radio communication system and destination portable terminal time identification method capable of identifying the time of a destination portable telephone terminal in advance by an originating portable telephone terminal.

Abstract: When the system receives a request to switch for using a smaller TBS size, instead of discarding the unacknowledged MAC-hs PDUs, this invention will pick up RLC UM PDUs or RLC AM PDUs or both of them from the unacknowledged MAC-hs PDUs affected by the size change request and reload them into the new PDU. Meantime, this invention will select RLC UM PDUs over RLC AM PDUs to load into the new PDU if the unacknowledged MAC-hs PDU contains both of them. Therefore, this invention reduces the risk of loss of synchronization for UM RLC because the discarding of unacknowledged MAC-hs PDUs according to the prior art.

Abstract: A radio base station apparatus capable of improving accuracy of synchronization detection and making stable determination of reception synchronization without erroneous synchronization determination is provided. A TFCI bit error determination section re-encodes a decoded TFCI value, and computes the difference between the re-encoded TFCI symbol and a hard-decided symbol of the received TFCI symbol. A TFCI decoding characteristic determination section computes a characteristic indicator value from a correlation result of Fast Hadamard Transform used in a soft decision TFCI decoder.

Abstract: A method for initializing an IP phone in an IP telephony system. The IP (Internet Protocol) telephony system includes an IP network; at least one gatekeeper connected to the IP network, having a DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server and a TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) server; an IP phone connected to the gatekeeper for voice communication service; and an AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Account) server. The method allowing the IP phone to access the DHCP server via a DHCP server IP address, and allocating a terminal IP address and a TFTP server IP address to the IP phone; allocating subscriber information having a phone number and an IP address of the gatekeeper to the IP phone to allow the IP phone to access the gatekeeper and transmit a registration request signal to the gatekeeper; the gatekeeper informing the AAA server of subscriber information of the IP phone.

Abstract: An internet communication system, which is provided with session managing servers 210 and 220. In the system, each session managing server manages wireless communication apparatuses 110 and 120 and call relay servers 310 and 320. For that reason, the processing load of each session managing server is allowed to be equalized. As a result, the operational efficiency of the system may be enhanced, and quality of services offered to the user of the system may be improved.

Abstract: A system and method that provides for an exchange of messages and associated data across a plurality of communication network system entities for one or more communications networks, wherein the system includes one or more distributed message brokers which are in communication with any number of communication network system entities. The message broker may perform message processing, which includes relaying and screening based on prioritization rules which may include customer classification criteria, associated service classification, and system entity classification applied to a message classification for messages communicated over the communications networks.

Abstract: The present invention is a technique for provisioning and assessment of voice quality in Internet Protocol (IP) voice applications. A predetermined quality of service (QoS) is received from a user in the form of an acceptable packet loss. The technique measures current packet loss and delay in the network and in the terminal, and determines an optimum play-out delay for use by a play-out adaptation routine. An actual QoS is reported back to the user. To enhance packet delay and loss measurement, a QoS engine component is placed on the terminal side of the packetizer, therefore including packetizer losses in any measurement of the network.

Abstract: A switch of a network for switching data. The switch includes a fabric for switching the data. The switch includes a parity fabric. The switch includes a connection mechanism connected to the fabric for providing data to and from the fabric and connected to the parity fabric for providing parity data to and from the parity fabric. The switch includes a first port card which receives data at a first rate from the network or sends data at the first rate to the network, performs first parity calculations on the data received at the first port card, produces first parity data from the first parity calculations or sends data at the first rate to the network. The switch includes a second port card which receives data at a second rate from the network or sends data at the second rate to the network, performs second parity calculations on the data received at the second port card, produces second parity data from the second parity calculations or sends data at the second rate to the network.