Abstract: A multi-service segmentation and reassembly (MS-SAR) integrated circuit is disposed on a line card in a router or switch. The MS-SAR can operate in an ingress mode so that it receives packet and/or cell format data and forwards that data to either a packet-based or a cell-based switch fabric. The MS-SAR can also operate in an egress mode so that it receives data from either a packet-based or a cell-based switch fabric and outputs that data in packet and/or cell format. The MS-SAR has a data path through which many flows of different traffic types are processed simultaneously. Each flow is processed by functional blocks along the data path in accordance with one of several application types, the application type for a flow being predetermined by the host processor of the router or switch. Segmentation, reassembly and partitioning techniques are disclosed that reduce costs and facilitate high-speed operation.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for communicating control information in a switch fabric. The method comprises: on a switch card, establishing a plurality of crossbars controlled by an arbiter; initiating a control message; and, distributing the control message on a switch card token bus connecting the crossbars and arbiter elements. Distributing the control message on a switch card token bus connecting the crossbar and arbiter elements includes daisy-chain connecting the elements with a cyclical bus. In some aspects of the method, establishing a plurality of crossbars controlled by an arbiter includes identifying each element with a unique address. Then, initiating a control message includes initiating a control message with an attached address. Distributing the control message on a switch card token bus includes the substeps of: daisy-chain passing the control message between elements; and, terminating the message at an element having an address matching the address attached to the control message.

Abstract: A communication system includes a switching system and a service control system. The switching system receives and processes a communication request to transfer a query message. The service control system receives and processes the query message to generate and transfer a response message indicating a route. The switching system receives and processes the response message indicating the route and transfers a communication using the route. The service control system may process the query message with multiple parallel functions to generate an action message and process the action message to select the route.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for robust Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG-2) multiplexing information using an adjustable time stamp. The method comprises: accepting a plurality of digital programs; encoding each program into frames; generating a decoding time stamp (DTS) and a corresponding presentation time stamp (PTS), measured with respect to a program clock reference (PCR) for each frame; generating a packetized elementary stream (PES) packet, with a PES header including the PCR, DTS, and PTS, for each frame; time division multiplexing (TDM) the PES packets into a MPEG-2 transport stream; at the time of insertion into the MPEG-2 transport stream, comparing the DTS and PTS values to the PCR value in each header; modifying the DTS value in the PES header in response to the comparison; and, transmitting the MPEG-2 transport stream.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a network address conversion system and the method thereof, which applies to products of VoIP and is compliant with Q.931 and H.245 protocols used by the videophone. The network address conversion system according to the present invention comprises a private network, a public network, a NAT router and a network server. The NAT router is used to convert the private IP address of the data packet from the private network into a public IP address for entering the public network, and to convert the public IP address of the data packet from the public network into a private IP address for entering the private network. The network server is connected to the public network to execute a public IP address query program, and then transmits the public IP address back to the node in the private network.

Abstract: A method and system for supporting mobile routers in Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is provided. A mobile router obtains a care-of-address associated with an address configuration. The mobile router registers the care-of-address with a home agent. A bi-directional tunnel is established between the mobile router and the home agent. Packets are then forwarded via the bi-directional tunnel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing at least two types of payloads received at varying intervals in a communications network using a single processing path is provided. The two types of payloads may include virtually and contiguously concatenated payloads according to SONET/SHD architecture. The method comprises assigning pseudo indices to payloads having no indices associated therewith and providing both sets of payloads, including indices and pseudo indices, to the single processing path.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method and apparatus to improve network performance by managing packet fragmentation with address translation are described.

Abstract: A packet reassembly system includes a buffer for storing information elements included in one or more incoming packets, a memory for storing validity indicators corresponding to the information elements, a first logic circuit capable of setting the validity indicators based on the information elements stored in the buffer, and a second logic circuit capable of determining the contiguity of the information elements stored in the buffer based on the settings of the validity indicators.

Abstract: A call server, a media gateway and terminals are connected to a packet switching network. Other terminals are connected to the gateway interfaces. The method for setting up communication includes generating a call processing task for the calling terminal in the call server, transmitting by the task a connection set-up message including at least an identifier of the called terminal and a first network address enabling to reach the calling terminal, generating a call processing task for the called terminal, and sending, based on the task to a second network address enabling to reach the called terminal, signaling data indicating in particular the first network address. When the first and second network addresses are identical and correspond to a gateway address, the latter sets up between the two terminals a communication path which does not pass through the network.

Abstract: Provided is a method of packet transmission capable of efficiently utilizing ACL link resources in transmitting and receiving packets after an ACL link is established in Bluetooth. A Bluetooth device A determines the maximum rate for packet size to be transmitted to a Bluetooth device B established in the link based on the ratio between a token rate A requested by the device A and a token rate B requested by the device B. When the token rate A is greater than the token rate B, the maximum rate N is set from the candidates of current time slot numbers occupiable as an ACL packet. When the token rate A is smaller than the token rate B, a rate is selected from the candidates of current time slot numbers occupiable as the ACL packet based on rate U=N×token rate A/token rate B.

Abstract: A method and system for completion coalescing by a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) receiver (e.g., in a TCP/IP offload engine (TOE)). The method comprises: processing inbound TCP segments; and performing completion processing of received TCP ACKS and/or RDMA Read Requests independently of the processing of the inbound TCP segments.

Abstract: A method and system provide an Internet protocol (IP) session between an originating end-system and a destination end-system through a switched virtual circuit (SVC) short-cut across an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network. A first interworking function (IWF) device inserts its ATM address into a transport network hop (THOP) extension object of a resource reservation protocol (RSVP) path message, which may also contain quality of service (QoS) and reverse charging extension objects. IP routers forward the path message through an IP network, without modifying the objects, to a second IWF device, which retrieves the ATM address of the first IWF device. The second IWF device initiates an ATM setup message, including a responsive RSVP reservation request message. The setup message is sent through the ATM network to the first IWF device, which establishes the SVC with the second IWF device, according to the QoS parameter.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a system and method for an SS7 gateway for wireless networks.

Abstract: A reliable packet communication device capable of flexibly adding new functions. A packet communication device is composed of multiple interface elements (IFEs), switching elements (SWE) connecting these IFEs, and a routing manager element (RME) and may also if necessary comprise special functional packet processors (xFPs) capable of different special functions. The interface element and special functional packet processor are connected by a logical bus. For the purpose of connecting the interface elements and special functional packet processors through the switching element when the logical bus has a failure, the logical bus data format is made identical to the data format for passing data through the switch element and a selection circuit is installed in the interface element for selectively sending and receiving data to/from either the logical bus or the switching element.

Abstract: A method is described that involves sending a positive imposter response as a consequence of a status request message having been received. The status request message refers to a network connection. The status request message was sent to the networking system to ask the networking system to inquire into the status of the network connection.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for configuring interface bandwidths in a packet communications switch fabric. The method comprises: interfacing data links with a first plurality of traffic managers (TMs); differentiating port card interface ports into a first plurality of subchannels associated with the first plurality of TMs; and, communicating packets information with the TMs at a first plurality of data rates corresponding to the first plurality of subchannels. More specifically, differentiating port card interface ports into a first plurality of subchannels associated with the first plurality of TMs includes: differentiating a second plurality of ingress data links into a third plurality of ingress subchannels associated with a third plurality of ingress traffic managers (iTMs); and, differentiating a fourth plurality of egress data links into a fifth plurality of egress subchannels associated with a fifth plurality of egress TMs (eTMs).

Abstract: An apparatus for communicating with a network comprises a data packet pipeline and a monitoring element. The data packet pipeline is configured to transfer data between a buffer and a network socket. The monitoring element is configured to provide an indication of an operational performance parameter for at least one component of the data packet pipeline thereby enabling an operational problem within the pipeline may be isolated based on the indication.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for controlling packet header information in a packet communications switch fabric. The method comprises: programming the cell header overhead (OH) field definitions; accepting a packet including a plurality of cells and corresponding cell headers, each cell header including a plurality of overhead fields; defining the cell header OH fields; and, transmitting the packet. Defining the cell header OH fields includes defining cell header OH field location, position, meaning, structure, and length. In other aspects, the method comprises redefining the cell header overhead fields, once they are accepted. For example, the OH field information can be modified, relocated, or an OH field can be added to the cell header. In yet other aspects, the OH field information can be extracted and/or reformatted.

Abstract: A method and a system provide access to a communications medium that is suitable for allowing use of a plurality of Home Phoneline Network Association (HPNA) v2 frames in a centralized manner. Each HPNA v2 frame is timed to allow an Inter-Frame Gap (IFG) portion having a duration that is substantially a duration defined by an HPNA v2 protocol specification for an IFG portion of an HPNA v2 frame. A plurality of frames are generated in the communications medium with at least one frame of the plurality of frames having timing to allow a Shortened Inter-Frame Gap (SIFG) portion and a contention-free portion. The SIFG portion is less than about 17 ?sec in duration. Access to the communications medium is then provided for at least one station (STA) during the contention-free portion of a frame having timing to allow the SIFG portion.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods and systems for optimizing UTOPIA CLAV polling arbitration. According to an aspect of the present invention, UTOPIA L2 CLAV status polling of each PHY address may be optimized by polling PHY addresses that have not yet indicated an active CLAV status or have just finished a cell transfer so that a CLAV response is required again. According to another aspect of the present invention, UTOPIA L2 CLAV status polling may be arbitrated so faster connection PHY addresses are polled proportionally more often than slower connection PHY addresses. According to yet another aspect of the present invention, if a connection speed no longer has any PHY addresses which require polling, the arbitration may be altered so only the connection speed with PHY addresses which require polling are actually polled. This ensures that the polling bandwidth is used as efficiently as possible.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a time slot in a home network system using home PNA 2.0 protocol and a method thereof are provided.

Abstract: A system for processing audio and video data for a wireless handset is provided. The system includes an audio sampler receiving audio data and converting the audio data into digitally encoded audio data. The system also includes a digital imager receiving image data and converting the image data to digitally encoded image data. A processor coupled to the audio sampler and the digital imager and receives the digitally encoded audio data and the digitally encoded image data and gives processing priority to one of the digitally encoded audio data and the digitally encoded image data.

Abstract: A link path search and maintain method for establishing link search table between two bluetooth devices such that the devices can transfer data to/from others device located in a bluetooth scatternet. When initialization of a slave bluetooth device, the new member in a bluetooth piconet receives a link search table that transmitted from a master bluetooth device to establish a local link search table; as the link is broken or the link search table needs be updated, the slave bluetooth device executes a link search establishment transmission procedure or a link search establishment receiving procedure to update the local link search table or establish a new link search table. Then, the slave bluetooth device encapsulates the bluetooth data packet according the information of the local link search table in order to transfer data packet in a scatternet.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for sharing an upstream between multiple downstreams. A automatic discovery process carried out by the CMTS using ranging messages is used to build routing tables that define which cable modems are coupled to each downstream. The downstreams are coordinated in timestamps, MAP messages and UCD messages, and symbol clock frequency if synchronous code division multiplexed bursts are allowed upstream. Also disclosed is a flexible mapper/splitter/combiner that can electronically control switching, combining and splitting as necessary to couple multiple downstreams that share the same upstream onto the same optical nodes or split downstreams that share the same upstream among multiple optical nodes and combine upstreams from multiple HFC systems onto a single upstream input to a CMTS receiver so the CMTS receiver can be fully utilized.

Abstract: A system for assuring quality-of service for Data Network Telephone (DNT) calls, such as Internet Protocol Network Telephony (IPNT) calls has software for monitoring established DNT calls for adequate bandwidth. A threshold bandwidth, or parameter value related to bandwidth is stored, and tests are periodically made on the DNT call path and compared to the threshold. If the available bandwidth falls below the threshold, an alternative conventional call, such as a PSTN or ISDN call is made to replace the DNT call. Once the alternative call is established, the original call is ended. After the original call is ended, tests of the DNT path continue, and, in some cases, if adequate DNT bandwidth becomes available, the call is switched back to DNT. In some cases, alerts are posted for call participants, and provision is made for approval by one or both participants in a call for a switch in service type to be made.

Abstract: An MPEG compression circuit records attached information (referred to as FF_PCK) at the initial address of a VOBU in which NV_PCK is to be recorded. NV_PCK is playback auxiliary information and is referred to when playing back moving images in DVD-Video format. Attached information (FF_PCK) has a data size equal to or larger than NV_PCK. FF_PCK is replaced by NV_PCK when converting MPEG2 data into DVD-Video data. As a result, it is not necessary to demultiplex and remultiplex moving image data and sound data so that data can be converted efficiently.

Abstract: A system and a method are provided for multiplexing digital and analog signals to and from a device using a single electrical connector. The system includes a connector with at least four lines and analog and digital interfaces attached to the connector. The interfaces share: first and second analog-to-digital converters (ADCs); and first, second, and third switches. The analog interface includes an audio sub-system with a third ADC and first, second, and third digital-to-analog converters (DACs). The digital interface includes a digital sub-system. The switches have first terminals attached to the connector, second terminals connected to the third ADC and the DACs. The switches open in response to a digital mode signal, enabling a digital signal path from the digital interface terminals to the connector. The switches close in response to an analog mode signal, enabling an analog signal path from the connector to the audio sub-system.

Abstract: A laser diode driver, and driving method, for driving a laser diode in an optical recording/reproducing apparatus, having an auto laser power control (APC) operation, an optical pickup device, and an optical recording/reproducing apparatus, and method therefore, using the laser diode driver. The laser diode driver includes a multiplexer, a pulse generator, a differential amplifier, and an adder. The multiplexer selectively outputs drive potentials, such as a peak power drive potential, a bias power drive potential, a read power drive potential, and the like, corresponding to power levels of a laser signal, in response to a select signal applied to the multiflexer.

Abstract: A hand-held laser device includes a casing formed with a substantially hollow interior space and having a laser emitter thereinside. The laser emitter is formed with an exciting lamp and a laser rod. A source generating a stream of gaseous coolant is provided within the interior space. A fluid cooling arrangement at least partially surrounding the laser rod is disposed within the stream of gaseous coolant for heat removal therefrom.

Abstract: A heavy metal oxide glass selected from germanate, tellurite and bismuth oxide glasses provides a host for highly efficient Thulium doped 2 ?m oxide glass and fiber lasers. The concentration of Thulium ions is high enough that energy transferred by the phenomenon of cross-relaxation will enhance laser emission at 2 ?m and suppress emission at 1.5 ?m so that 2 ?m emission is dominant.

Abstract: A p-type InP buffer layer containing Zn in a low concentration and an undoped InP buffer layer having a carrier concentration of 3×1017 cm?3 or less are stacked on a p-type InP substrate containing Zn. On the undoped InP buffer layer, a Mg-doped p-type InP cladding layer, an InGaAsP optical confinement layer, an InGaAsP MQW active layer, an n-type InGaAsP optical confinement layer, and an n-type InP cladding layer are successively stacked. The diffusion of Zn from the p-type InP substrate into the InGaAsP MQW active layer is suppressed. Moreover, a steep doping profile can be formed in the vicinity of the active layer so that deterioration of device characteristics is suppressed.

Abstract: An integrated circuit lithography technique called spectral engineering by Applicants, for bandwidth control of an electric discharge laser. In a preferred process, a computer model is used to model lithographic parameters to determine a desired laser spectrum needed to produce a desired lithographic result. A fast responding tuning mechanism is then used to adjust center wavelength of laser pulses in a burst of pulses to achieve an integrated spectrum for the burst of pulses approximating the desired laser spectrum. The laser beam bandwidth is controlled to produce an effective beam spectrum having at least two spectral peaks in order to produce improved pattern resolution in photo resist film. Line narrowing equipment is provided having at least one piezoelectric drive and a fast bandwidth detection control system having a time response of less than about 2.0 millisecond.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for altering one or more spectral, spatial, or temporal characteristics of a light-emitting device are disclosed. Generally, such apparatus may include a volume Bragg grating (VBG) element that receives input light generated by a light-emitting device, conditions one or more characteristics of the input light, and causes the light-emitting device to generate light having the one or more characteristics of the conditioned light.

Abstract: A integrated system for generation of packet detection, symbol timing, and coarse frequency offset for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) receiver having a stream of input symbols applied comprises a first multiplier performing a multiplication on a delayed and conjugated stream of input symbols multiplied by the input symbol stream. The output of the first multiplier is summed over a symbol length. A second multiplier has an output formed from multiplying the delayed symbol stream by its conjugate, thereby providing a signal strength term Pn. The output of the second multiplier is summed over two symbol periods, and multiplied by a known threshold to form a threshold value. When the magnitude of cn term rises above the known threshold, this generates a packet detect output, and when the magnitude of Cn terms thereafter falls below the known threshold, this generates a symbol timing output.

Abstract: There is provided a method and apparatus for selecting an appropriate base station and an optimal data rate to provide a voice service and a data service based on a voice service load in a CDMA system. A base station transmits two pilot signals orthogonally spread with different orthogonal codes in association with its voice service load, and a mobile station estimates the voice service load based on a pilot power ratio.

Abstract: An adaptive array apparatus (100) that has a weight converge on an optimal value is provided. The adaptive array apparatus repeatedly adjusts the weight using predetermined calculations so as to minimize a difference between a desired signal and a combined signal which has been weighted with the weight. A parameter control unit (71) judges whether an adjusted weight is located closer to an optimal value than a reference value, and according to the judgment result, changes a step size which is used in the predetermined calculations performed by a reception weight calculating unit (72), to determine the extent to which the weight should be adjusted. With this construction, the adaptive array apparatus can increase convergence stability and speed in calculating a weight, and the weight converges on an optimal value.

Abstract: A SWP- (Sub-Word Parallelism-) based RAKE receiver for a Wideband Code-Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) mobile station is optimized to perform channel de-rotation and data combining. The RAKE receiver comprises SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) instructions, which can perform a complex multiplication for a channel de-rotation in a single cycle. The SIMD instructions can also perform a complex addition for data combining in a single cycle. Optimization of the RAKE receiver reduces power consumption and costs, enhances performance, and provides extensibility for next-generation architectures.

Abstract: Systems and techniques are disclosed wherein a gated pilot signal can be acquired by producing a plurality of product values for each of a first and second signal and a generated signal, coherently combining portions of the product values produced from the first signal and noncoherently combining those coherently combined portions to produce a first value, coherently combining portions of the product values produced from the second signal and noncoherently combining those coherently combined portions to produce a second value, and noncoherently combining the first and second values.

Abstract: This disclosure is generally directed to communication systems, devices used in communication systems and associated methods which may implement parallel hypothesis search techniques. The disclosed parallel hypothesis search techniques may permit a hypothesis to be dismissed early (i.e., before hypotheses in other searchers have completed their evaluation). Early hypothesis dismissal permits a new hypothesis to be loaded into the searcher while other searchers advantageously continue to evaluate their hypotheses.

Abstract: A reception method and receiver structure that are relatively simple, that have close to optimum performance, and that use high order modulation combined with a low spreading factor are disclosed. The method receives a signal transmittal in the form of sequences of coded binary symbols comprising both predefined pilot symbols and date symbols multiplied by a spreading sequence. The method also includes a step of determining a channel estimate using received predefined pilot symbols. A system for receiving a signal transmitted on a multipath transmission channel using a spread spectrum technique and low spreading factor is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the fast code acquisition methods based on signed-rank statistic. In more detail, it presents novel detectors required for PN (PN) code acquisition in DS/SS system. In accordance with the present invention, first, the LOR (LOR) detector is derived and then the LSR (LSR) and MSR (MSR) detectors using approximate score functions are proposed. It is compared the single-dwell scheme without the verification mode using the proposed LSR and MSR detectors with that using the conventional squared-sum (SS) and modified sign (MS) detectors.

Abstract: A method for determining a delay of a spread data symbol stream comprises the steps of at least partially correlating a signal, which comprises at least first and second spread data symbol streams (300, 301) that are obtained by spreading at least a first and second data symbol stream with a respective first (302) and second code, with said first code (302) to obtain at least two portions (303-1, 303-2) of a Cross-Correlation Function CCF (303), and combining said at least two portions (303-1, 303-2) of said CCF (303) to obtain a combined CCF portion from which a first delay of said first spread data symbol stream is determined, wherein said first code (302) and said second code are composed of chips and wherein the number of chips of said first code (302) is different from the number of chips of said second code. The invention further relates to a computer program, a computer program product, a device and a system.

Abstract: A method of simplifying the arithmetic operation in a global motion compensation process approximates the motion vector field of the whole image without using many parameters. Motion vectors in the global motion compensation are found by the interpolation and/or extrapolation of the motion vectors of a plurality of representative points 602, 603 and 604 having particular features in the spatial distance thereof. Since the shift operation can be substituted for the division for synthesizing a predicted image of global motion compensation, the processing using a computer or a dedicated hardware is simplified.

Abstract: A novel storage format enabling a method for improved memory management of video images is described. The method includes receiving an image consisting of a plurality of color components. Once received, the plurality of color components is converted to a mixed format of planar format and packed format. The mixed packet format is implemented by storing one or more of the plurality of color components in a planar format and storing one or more of the plurality of color components in a packed format. A method for writing out video images is also described utilizing a write combining (WC) fame buffer. The decoding method motion compensates groups of macroblocks in order to eliminate partial writes from the WC frame buffer.

Abstract: A method of compressing sounds in mobile terminals according to the present invention transforms pulse code modulations (PCM) codes, which are source data of bell sounds using recorded sounds or voice memos and are generated by sampling the sounds, through applying a differential method and, then, compresses the PCM codes using Lempel Ziv Welch (LZW) compresses technique, thus reducing a storage space required for storing bell sounds using sounds or voice memos in mobile terminals. According to the present invention, compression efficiency is maximized upon using LZW algorithm by transforming PCM code through applying differential method, thereby increasing restoration efficiency of original sounds and heightening compression efficiency by about 50%, compared with the existing compression storage method using ADPCM.

Abstract: A wireless transmission system which adaptively selects a plurality of modulation schemes according to variations in a propagation path characteristic, capable of estimating the modulation scheme of a received signal more easily with a substantially simple configuration. This system adds priority order to modulation schemes to be candidates for modulation scheme estimation processing, carries out estimation processing on modulation schemes one by one in descending order of priority and confirms the modulation scheme of the received signal when predetermined likelihood is obtained.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for receiving a modulated signal which consists of N subcarriers containing N-L (L<N) nullcarriers and in which an effective symbol has a length T, and a frequency interval between two adjacent subcarriers of the N subcarriers is 1/T. The method includes estimating an excess delay of a delayed wave, and deciding a part of the symbol regarded as a to-be-used symbol, based on the estimated excess delay, where a length of the decided part is TM/N (M<N) within the effective symbol length T which is decided so as not to contain a part of the symbol suffering from a waveform distortion caused by the delayed wave; and decomposing a complex digital signal which is quadrature-detected at sampling intervals T/N into L subcarriers by use of M samples of the signal within the to-be-used symbol part by means of a matched filter.

Abstract: A vestigial sideband (VSB) modulation transmission system and a method for encoding an input signal in the system are disclosed. According to the present invention, the VSB transmission system includes a convolutional encoder for encoding an input signal, a trellis-coded modulation (TCM) encoder for encoding the convolutionally encoded signal, and a signal mapper mapping the trellis-coded signal to generate a corresponding output signal. Different types of the convolutional encoders are explored, and the experimental results showing the performances of the VSB systems incorporating each type of encoders reveals that a reliable data transmission can be achieved even at a lower input signal to noise ratio when a convolutional encoder is used as an error-correcting encoder in a VSB system.

Abstract: A method for facilitating broadband multi-carrier wireless transmission, whereby a plurality of transmit antennas are divided into two or more transmit antenna groups of transmit antennas so that the correlation between antennas in each group is minimized, and each group of antennas transmits on a predetermined frequency with a different time periodicity, and each transmit antenna in each group transmits training sequences which are reciprocally time-orthogonal. Each of a plurality of receive antennas receives signals from each transmit antenna group. The signals from each group are separated via a band-pass filter, and a maximum estimation range of a frequency offset estimation algorithm is determined by the group having the shortest time period, and the accuracy of the frequency offset estimation algorithm is determined by the group having the longest time period. The received signal is corrected with the frequency offset.