Abstract: Methods of forming metal nitride layers on a substrate include reacting a metal source gas with a nitrogen source gas in a process chamber to form a metal nitride layer on the substrate. The process chamber may have an atmosphere having a pressure of about 0.1 mTorr to about 5 mTorr and a temperature of about 200° C. to about 450° C. A ratio of the flow rate of the metal source gas to the flow rate of the nitrogen source gas may be “1” or more. An interlayer insulating layer may be formed on the semiconductor substrate prior to formation of the metal nitride layer.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device is manufactured by forming an insulating layer on a substrate. A capping layer is formed on the insulating layer and both the capping layer and the insulating layer are patterned. Insulating spacers are formed on sidewalls of the insulating layer so that the insulating spacers, the capping layer, and the substrate enclose the insulating layer.

Abstract: A method for forming a coating film, comprises the steps of: applying a raw material of a low dielectric constant onto a surface of a plate-like material; reducing oxygen concentration in the atmosphere surrounding the plate-like material to be less than or equal to 1% before a surface temperature of said plate-like material to be treated rises to 200° C.; thereafter heating said plate-like material to a temperature greater than or equal to 400° C.; and then maintaining the oxygen content in the atmosphere to be less than or equal to 1% until the surface temperature of said plate-like material to be treated lowers to 200° C. The raw material is an organic SOG obtained by hydrolyzing and condensing at least one alkoxysilane compound into an organic solvent under an acid catalyst.

Abstract: A silicon nitride film formation method includes: Heating a substrate to be subjected to film formation to a substrate temperature; heating a wire to a wire temperature; supplying silane, ammonia, and hydrogen gases to the heating member; and forming a silicon nitride film on the substrate.

Abstract: A method and system are described for increasing the tensile stress in thin films formed on a substrate, such as silicon nitride films. The thin film may be a planar film, or a non-planar film, such as a nitride film formed over a NMOS gate. The thin film is exposed to electro-magnetic (EM) radiation, such as EM radiation having a wavelength component less than about 500 nm. The EM source can include a multi-frequency source of radiation. Additionally, the source of radiation is collimated in order to selectively treat regions of a non-planar film.

Abstract: This invention provides facing materials for cementitious boards such as those including Portland cement or gypsum cores. The preferred facing material includes, in a first embodiment, a facing layer having an areal weight of about 300 grams/M2, and an air permeability rating of no greater than about 300 CFM/ft2 (FG 436-910 test method). The facing layer reduces the penetration of a slurry of cementitious material during the manufacture of a cementitious board, while permitting the water vapor from the slurry to pass therethrough. The facing materials of this invention can be designed to substantially eliminate the fouling of rolls used in continuous processing of such boards without the use, or with greatly reduced use, of costly viscosity control agents in the slurry.

Abstract: Protection against blast and ballistic damage is improved by encapsulating or sandwiching rigid inclusions (for example, tiles) or a rigid plate by a high-strain rate hardening elastomer. Typical high-strain rate hardening elastomers include polyurea and polyurethane. If desired, the inclusion or plate may be wrapped in a cloth and/or fabric before encapsulation/sandwiching. The armor may be used independently of a substrate or may be attached by any means to a substrate that it is intended to protect.

Abstract: The present invention provides resin infused composite articles. Also provided is a method for preparing the composite articles of the invention. The method includes infusing the assembled components of the composite with resin under pressure. There are also provided numerous devices of varying configuration that are of use in the methods of the invention.

Abstract: A sheet-like fibrous assembly having an inelastic stretchability is intermittently joined to at least one surface of an elastically stretchable sheet. The elastic sheet is elastically stretchable at least 80% in one direction and the fibrous assembly is curved between each pair of binding spots adjacent to each other on the elastic sheet so as to be stretchable in the one direction and comprises ethylene/propylene copolymer, ethylene/propylene/butene copolymer or a mixture of two or more of these copolymers at 100˜10% by weight.

Abstract: A glass ceramic comprises (in wt.-% on oxide basis): SiO2 35 to 60, B2O3>4 to 10, P2O5 0 to 10, Al2O3 16.5 to 40, TiO2 1 to 10, Ta2O5 0 to 8, Y2O3 0 to 6, ZrO2 1 to 10, MgO 6 to 20, CaO 0 to 10, SrO 0 to 4, BaO 0 to 8, ZnO 0 to 4, SnO2+CeO2 0 to 4, SO42?+Cl? 0 to 4, wherein the total content (SnO2+CeO2+SO42?+Cl?) is between 0.01 and 4 wt.-%. The glass ceramic may be processed by the float glass method, may be transparent and is, inter alia, suitable as a substrate for thin film semiconductors, in particular for display applications, solar cells etc.

Abstract: A low temperature sintering ceramic composition can be sintered at 850 to 1,000° C., and the sintered ceramic has a low dielectric constant (9 or less at 16 Ghz or more) and a high Qf (10,000 or more). The composition can be co-sintered with wiring material containing Ag, Au, or Cu. The ceramic composition includes (by mass) CaO, MgO, and SiO2 in total: over 60% to 98.6%; Bi2O3: from 1% to under 35%; and Li2O: from 0.4% to under 6%; wherein (CaO+MgO) and SiO2 are contained in the molar ratio of from 1:1 to under 1:2.5.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sintered ceramic article that exhibits a primary crystalline phase of cordierite having an analytical oxide composition, expressed in weight percent on an oxide basis, of 49-53% SiO2, 33-38% Al2O3, 12-16% MgO and which exhibits a coefficient of thermal expansion equal to or more negative than ?0.6×10?7/° C. over the temperature range of about 25° C. to about 800° C. Also disclosed is a method for producing a ceramic article comprising the aforementioned cordierite.

Abstract: A lithium exchanged zeolite X adsorbent blend with improved performance characteristics produced by preparing a zeolite X, preparing a binder which includes highly dispersed attapulgite fibers wherein the tapped bulk density of the highly dispersed attapulgite fibers measured according to DIN/ISO 787 is more than about 550 g/ml, mixing the zeolite X with the binder to form a mixture, forming the mixture into a shaped material, ion exchanging the zeolite X at least 75% with lithium ions, and calcining the shaped material.

Abstract: A hydrocracking catalyst containing at least one matrix, at least one zeolite chosen from the group formed by the zeolites ZBM-30, ZSM-48, EU-2, and EU-11, at least one Y zeolite, at least one hydro-dehydrogenating metal chosen from the group formed by the metals from Group VIB and Group VIII of the periodic table, optionally at least one element chosen from the group formed by phosphorus, boron and silicon, optionally at least one element from Group VIIA, and optionally at least one element from Group VIIB is used in a process of hydrocracking/hydroconversion of hydrocarbon charges.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for preparing hollow beads of polyethylene of controlled morphology and size.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ethylene polymerization catalyst. The present invention also provides a process for preparing the ethylene polymerization catalyst, comprising reacting powdered magnesium with an alkyl halide of formula RX in the presence of an ether solvent to form a magnesium compound having a structure represented by the formula (RMgX)p(MgX2)q, in which R is an alkyl group having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms, X is halogen, and molar ratio of q to p is in the range of from larger than 0 to 1, impregnating the magnesium compound onto silica carrier, reacting the silica loading the magnesium compound with an alkyl halide of formula R1X, a titatium compound and an alkyl aluminum compound to form a main catalyst component, contacting the main catalyst component with a cocatalyst component to form catalyst for ethylene polymerization. The present invention also relates to the use of the catalyst in the polymerization of ethylene.

Abstract: The invention provides a process using olefin polymerization catalysts exhibiting excellent polymerization activities. The olefin polymerization catalysts of the invention contain a transition metal compound typified by formula (I) and at least one of an organometallic compound, an organoaluminum oxy-compound or a compound which reacts with said transition metal compound to form an ion pair.

Abstract: The invention provides a mixed heteroatomic ligand for an oligomerisation of olefins catalyst, which ligand includes at least three heteroatoms, of which at least one heteroatom is sulfur and at least 2 heteroatoms are not the same. The invention also provides a multidentate mixed heteroatomic ligand for an oligomerisation of olefins catalyst, which ligand includes at least three heteroatoms of which at least one is a sulfur atom. The ligand may also contain, in addition to sulfur, at least one nitrogen or phosphorous heteroatom.

Abstract: Using zeolites as the active adsorbent, adsorbent laminates have been fabricated with various sheet supports. These adsorbent laminates have been successfully operated for oxygen enrichment at high PSA cycle frequencies, such as upwards of at least 150 cycles per minute. Methods for making suitable adsorbent laminates are described. The methods generally involve forming a slurry comprising a liquid suspending agent, an adsorbent and a binder. Laminates are made by applying the slurry to support material or admixing support material with the slurry. The slurry can be applied to support material using a variety of techniques, including roll coaters, split roll coaters, electrophoretic deposition, etc. One method for making laminates by mixing support material with the adsorbent slurry comprises depositing the slurry onto a foraminous wire, draining the slurry material, and pressing the material to form a ceramic adsorbent paper. Spacers can be formed on adsorbent laminates to space one laminate from another.

Abstract: Sulfhydryl odors in organothiophosphate formulations are suppressed by treatment of the thiophosphate compound (e.g., bensulide) during preparation of the formulation with a selected emulsifier agent, ethoxylated tallow amine. The amine and any reacting products resulting from the treatment are retained in the final formulation. The amine will continue to react with the mercaptan and other sulfhydryl compounds formed by the continuing degradation of the thiophosphate compound, thereby providing further odor control.

Abstract: 6-Amino-5-halo-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acids having poly-substituted aryl substituents in the 2-position, and their amine and acid derivatives, are potent herbicides demonstrating a broad spectrum of weed control.

Abstract: Triazolopyrimidines of formula (I), wherein the index and substituents have the following meaning: n=0 or a whole number of 1-5; R=halogen, cyano, hydroxy, cyanate, alkyl, alkenyl, alkinyl, halogenalkyl, halogenalkenyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkinyloxy, halogenalkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkenyloxycarbonyl, alkinyloxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, alkoximinoalkyl, alkenyloximinocarbonyl, alkinyloximinoalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkenylcarbonyl, alkinylcarbonyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl or a five to ten membered saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle, containing one to four heteroatoms from the group O, N or S; R1=alkyl, alkenyl, alkinyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, phenyl, naphthyl or a five to ten membered saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle, containing one to four heteroatoms from the group O, N or S, R and/or R1 being able to be substituted according to the description; R2=alkyl, alkenyl or alkinyl which can be s

Abstract: A first Josephson junction in a Single Flux Quantum circuit (SFQ circuit) and a second Josephson junction in an interface circuit (latch driver circuit) are formed with junction materials different from each other, and the junction materials are selected so that the hysteresis of the first Josephson junction in a current-voltage characteristic is smaller than the hysteresis of the second Josephson junction in a current-voltage characteristic.

Abstract: Lubricating oil compositions providing superior soot dispersing characteristics, which contain a combination of a high molecular weight dispersant and a soot dispersant comprising a linked aromatic oligomer.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of laundry detergent or cleaning product shaped bodies comprises preparing a first noncompressed part (a) which comprises an active substance, preparing a second noncompressed part (b) which comprises an active substance, connecting the two shaped body parts (a) and (b) by joining or intermeshing them to form the shaped body.

Abstract: A foaming cleansing preparation and system that produce a high quality, self-sustaining foam immediately upon exposure to water without physical agitation or rubbing is provided. The inventive cleansing preparation is made up of at least one dry acid, at least one dry base, and at least one liquid film-forming cleansing agent. When the cleansing preparation is exposed to water, the acid(s) and the base(s) will react to form a gas and the cleansing agent(s) will form a liquid film, and the gas and the liquid film will then interact to form or generate a foam. The inventive cleansing system is made up of a plurality of delivery particles, with each such delivery particle containing one or more components of the inventive cleansing preparation.

Abstract: Systems and methods for cleaning a material by applying a cleaning composition having biosurfactants and enzymes to said carpet; and bonnet cleaning the material.

Abstract: Process for preparing stable polymer concentrates, wherein acryloyldimethyltaurine and/or acryloyldimethyltaurate are free-radically polymerized with at least one further component in the presence of a polymerization medium, a higher-boiling solvent or solvent mixture is added to the resulting reaction product or reaction mixture, and the lower-boiling polymerization medium is removed, optionally under reduced pressure.

Abstract: Erythropoietin (Epo), a member of the cytokine superfamily, is a pluripotent molecule that is involved in a number of signal transduction pathways that include the stimulation of the production of red blood cells and the protection of the central nervous system from acute injury and ischemia. The invention is the discovery of Epo and the Epo receptor in the peripheral nervous system where it can act as a neuroprotective agent. The invention is also a method of use for the treatment of neuropathic pain and to increase the rate of healing from nerve injury comprising administration of Epo.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical preparation for preventing and/or treating hypertrophic scars, keloid or chronic arthritic diseases comprising as an effective component an erythropoietin antagonist. More specifically, there is provided a pharmaceutical preparation for preventing and/or treating hypertrophic scars, keloid or chronic arthritic diseases comprising as an effective component an erythropoietin antagonist such as an anti-erythropoietin antibody, an erythropoietin receptor protein, etc. This pharmaceutical preparation has excellent prophylactic and/or therapeutic effects on collagenous hyperproliferation such as hypertrophic scars, keloid, etc., or chronic arthritic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, etc.

Abstract: A remedy and/or a preventive for a chronic disease which contains an EDG-2 antagonist. Because of binding to a subtype EDG-2 of LPA receptor, an EDG-2 antagonist is useful in treating and/or preventing chronic diseases (for example, diseases caused by the progress of chronic asthma, glomerular nephritis, obesity, arteriosclerosis, rheumatoid and atopic diseases) induced and made chronic by tissue cells whose proliferation is accelerated by LPA mediated by EDG-2.

Abstract: The description discloses a method of producing therapeutic peptides as vaccines in the prevention of human diseases that are caused by one or more proteins. The method comprises identifying the protein responsible for causing the human disease; identifying one or more signal oligopeptide sequences within the structure of the disease causing protein, the one or more signal oligopeptides representing the amino acid sequence of maximum hydrophilicity; and synthesizing one or more vaccine oligopeptides, the vaccine oligopeptides having amino acid sequences corresponding to the amino acid sequences of the signal oligopeptides of maximum hydrophilicity.

Abstract: Systemic delivery of parathyroid hormone to a mammalian host is accomplished by inhalation through the mouth of a dispersion of an N-terminal fragment of PTH. It has been found that such respiratory delivery of the PTH fragment provides a pulsatile concentration profile of the PTH in the host's serum. PTH fragment compositions include dry powder formulations having the PTH present in a dry bulking powder, liquid solutions or suspensions suitable for nebulization, and aerosol propellants suitable for use in a metered dose inhaler.

Abstract: The current invention provides novel antiangiogenic peptides which correspond to about 133 consecutive amino acids of the N-terminal sequence of growth hormone.

Abstract: Novel polyene polyketides, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs and derivatives have been found to have antibiotic activity. One method for obtaining the compounds is by cultivation of Amycolatopsis orientalis ATCC™ 43491 or a mutant or variant such as the strain IDAC-220604-1. Another method for obtaining the compounds is post-biosynthesis chemical modification of the compounds obtained by cultivation. Novel polynucleotide sequences and encoded proteins for the biosynthesis of the polyene polyketides are also presented.

Abstract: The biological activity of nucleic acid ligand is regulated (i.e. enhanced or inhibited) in vivo to produce a desired biological effect. This is accomplished through the administration of a modulator, or regulator, that changes the binding of the nucleic acid ligand for its target or that degrades or otherwise cleaves, metabolizes or breaks down the nucleic acid ligand while the ligand is still exerting its effect. Modulators of the present invention can be administered in real time as needed based on various factors, including the progress of the patient, as well as the physician's discretion in how to achieve optimal therapy. Thus, this invention provides for the first time a regulatable therapeutic regime in the course of nucleic acid ligand therapy.

Abstract: Disclosed are syntheses suitable for large scale manufacture of novel compounds that are partial and full A1 adenosine receptor agonists, useful for treating various disease states, in particular tachycardia and atrial flutter, angina, and myocardial infarction.

Abstract: The invention is related to phosphorus substituted anti-infective compounds, compositions containing such compounds, and therapeutic methods that include the administration of such compounds, as well as to processes and intermediates useful for preparing such compounds.

Abstract: Biologically active 19-nor vitamin D analogs substituted at C-2 in the A-ring with an ethylidene or an ethyl group. These compounds have preferential activity on mobilizing calcium from bone and either high or normal intestinal calcium transport activity which allows their in vivo administration for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases where bone loss is a major concern. These compounds are also characterized by high cell differentiation activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel estrogen-related steroidal quinols and their use as drugs for estrogen replacement therapy. The quinols of the present invention provide improved physicochemical properties, increased bioavailability, and improved distribution into tissues, bone, in the cardiovascular system, and in the CNS (central nervous system) with only a slight estrogenic action or no estrogenic action in the uterus. The compounds are suitable for the production of pharmaceutical agents for use in numerous indications (for example, estrogen replacement therapy, prevention and treatment of osteoporosis).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for treating or preventing Alzheimer's disease by restricting the level of metabolizable carbohydrate in the diet and/or administering to the patient an effective amount of an agent which reduces serum insulin levels.

Abstract: Benzimidazolidinone derivative compounds, which increase acetylcholine signaling or effect in the brain, and highly selective muscarinic agonists, particularly for the M1 and/or M4 receptor subtypes, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, as well as methods of treating psychosis using these compounds are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention makes available methods and reagents for inhibiting aberrant growth states resulting from hedgehog gain-of-function, ptc loss-of-function or smoothened gain-of-function comprising contacting the cell with a hedgehog antagonist, such as a small molecule, in a sufficient amount to aberrant growth state, e.g., to agonize a normal ptc pathway or antagonize smoothened or hedgehog activity.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to acridone and acridine compounds of formula (I), wherein either: (a) K is ?O, L is —H, alpha is a single bond, beta is a double bond, gamma is a single bond (acridones); or, (b) K is a 9-substituent, L is absent, alpha is a double bond, beta is a single bond, gamma is a double bond (acridines); and wherein: J1 is a 2- or 3-substituent; J2 is a 6- or 7-substituent; J1 and J2 are each independently a group of the formula —NHCO(CH2)nNR1R2, wherein: n is an integer from 1 to 5; and, R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen, C1-7alkyl, C3-20heterocyclyl, or C5-20aryl, or R1 and R2, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a heterocyclic ring having from 3 to 8 ring atoms; and wherein, when K is a 9-substituent, K is a group of the formula —N(RN)Q, wherein: RN is an amino substituent and is hydrogen, C1-7alkyl, C3-20heterocyclyl, or C5-20aryl; and, Q is C1-7alkyl, C3-20heterocyclyl, or C5-20aryl, and is optionally substituted; and pharmaceutically acceptabl

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds and methods for treating cell proliferation disorders.

Abstract: Compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and methods that are useful in the treatment or prevention of metabolic and cell proliferative diseases or conditions are provided herein. In particular, the invention provides compounds which modulate the activity of proteins involved in lipid metabolism and cell proliferation.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel diazabicyclic biaryl derivatives, which are found to be cholinergic ligands at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and modulators of the monoamine receptors and transporters. Due to their pharmacological profile the compounds of the invention may be useful for the treatment of diseases or disorders as diverse as those related to the cholinergic system of the central nervous system (CNS), the peripheral nervous system (PNS), diseases or disorders related to smooth muscle contraction, endocrine diseases or disorders, diseases or disorders related to neuro-degeneration, diseases or disorders related to inflammation, pain, and withdrawal symptoms caused by the termination of abuse of chemical substances.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I) wherein m, n, A, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are as described herein, together with methods for making the compounds and using the compounds for treatment of diseases or conditions mediated by Cathepsin K.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound represented by the formula: wherein R1 is a C1-4alkyl; R2 is (1) a 5- to 7-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group which may have a substituent selected from the group consisting of (1?) a halogen, (2?) a hydroxy group, (3?) a C1-4alkyl and (4?) a C1-4alkoxy, (2) a phenyl which may have a substituent selected from the group consisting of (1?) a halogen, (2?) a C1-4alkoxy-C1-4alkyl, (3?) a mono-C1-4alkyl-carbamoyl-C1-4alkyl, (4?) a C1-4alkoxy and (5?) a mono-C1-4alkylcarbamoyl-C1-4alkoxy, or the like; R3 is a C1-4alkyl; R4 is a C1-4alkoxy, or the like; n is an integer of 1 to 4; or a salt thereof, as a thienopyrimidine compound having gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonistic activity.

Abstract: There is provided a series of novel ?-(N-sulfonamido)acetamide compounds of the Formula (I) wherein R, R1, R2 and R3 are defined herein, which are inhibitors of ?-amyloid peptide (?-AP) production and are useful in the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease and other conditions affected by anti-amyloid activity.