Abstract: The present invention relates to an energy ray detecting element having a structure for reducing noise effectively. The energy ray detecting element comprises an energy ray sensitive region, an output section, a plurality of electrodes, and a voltage dividing circuit. The energy ray sensitive region generates charges in response to the incidence of energy rays. On the surface of the energy ray sensitive region, each of the plurality of electrodes is arranged so as to cover a part of the energy ray sensitive region. Each electrode is electrically connected to the voltage dividing circuit that includes a plurality of voltage dividing resistors serially connected to each other. The voltage dividing circuit divides a DC output voltage from a DC power supply by using the voltage dividing resistors, and thereby providing a corresponding DC output potential to each of the electrodes.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus has a pixel region arranged on a substrate. Arranged in a matrix pattern in the pixel region are pixels, each pixel including a conversion element which converts radiation to electrical charges, and a switching element which is connected to the conversion element therein. The radiation imaging apparatus has, in a region outside the pixel region of the substrate, an intersection at which a signal line connected to the switching element and a bias line connected to the conversion element intersects. At the intersection, a semiconductor layer is arranged between the signal line and the bias line, and a carrier blocking portion is arranged between the semiconductor layer and the signal line.

Abstract: The invention relates to an X-ray detector (1) with an array (2) of sensor elements (21), wherein each row (i) of sensor elements is connected via an addressing line to an addressing unit (5), and wherein each column j) of sensor elements is connected via a read-out line to a read-out unit (3). In the read-out unit (3), sensor signals are preprocessed, for example amplified by amplifiers (31). The detector further comprises a control unit (6) which is adapted to set the gains of said amplifiers (31) for each column (j) and each row (i) individually. The values of the gains may particularly be derived from a priori knowledge, from previous images of the object, or from the image signals of rows that have already been read out.

Abstract: An X-ray detector includes one or more photodetectors embedded in scintillating material. The photodetectors may have a needle-like, a column-like, or a ridge-like structure. The scintillating material is applied over the photodetector which can either be a p?i?n type diode, an n?i?p type diode, a Schottky diode, or an avalanche diode.

Abstract: A digital radiography detector includes a housing having first and second spaced planar members and four side walls defining a cavity. A radiographic image detector assembly is mounted within the cavity for converting a radiographic image to an electronic radiographic image. The detector assembly includes a detector array mounted on a stiffener. A shock absorbing elastomer assembly is located within the cavity for absorbing shock to the detector array/stiffener in directions perpendicular to and parallel to the detector array/stiffener.

Abstract: An apparatus for selective radiation detection includes a neutron detector that facilitates detection of neutron emitters, e.g. plutonium, and the like; a gamma ray detector that facilitates detection of gamma ray sources, e.g., uranium, and the like. The apparatus comprises a first light guide, optically coupled to a first optical detector; a second light guide, optically coupled to a second optical detector a sheet of neutron scintillator, opaque for incoming optical photons, said sheet of neutron scintillator sandwiched between the first and the second light guides. The second light guide comprises a gamma ray scintillator material.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to grids for gating a stream of charged particles and methods for manufacturing the same. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a Bradbury-Nielson gate having transmission line grid elements. In one embodiment is a feed structure for a gating grid where a drive source is coupled to a feeding transmission line with the same geometry as the chopper and continues with the same geometry to a termination transmission line. Also included is a method for fabricating a gate for charged particles which includes micromachining at least two gate elements from at least one wafer, wherein each gate element includes at least one grid element; metalizing the grid elements; and assembling the gate elements such that the grid elements of the gate elements are interleaved, thereby forming a Bradbury Nielson gate.

Abstract: A multi-frequency receiver for receiving plural frequencies of electromagnetic radiation (e.g., light) using a beam of charged particles shared between plural resonant structures. The direction of the beam of charged particles is selectively controlled by at least one deflector. The beam of charged particles passing near the resonant structure is altered on at least one characteristic as a result the presence of the electric field induced on the corresponding resonant structure. Alterations in the beam of charged particles are thus correlated to data values encoded by the electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: An in-line reactor for the treatment of liquids or gasses by light radiation is disclosed. The reactor is made of tube, pipe, or chamber made of a transparent material, having at least one fluid inlet and correspondingly at least one fluid outlet. The transparent material of the tube is selected such that its refractive index is as possible close to the refractive index of the fluid to be treated. Air gap is kept around the outer transparent walls of the reactor, in order to allow for total internal reflection inside the reactor, of light directed into it from a light source in angles of incidence greater than the critical angle. Fluid treatment systems comprising at least one said in-line reactor are also disclosed. Furthermore, method of in-line fluid treatment, and especially of water sterilization and disinfection and aseptic filling of water are disclosed.

Abstract: Translational motion of a scanning head relative to a planar target, or vice versa, is achieved by a belt and pulley system with a counterweight that is also driven by a belt and pulley system at the same speed but in the opposite direction as the scanning head. The components and belt and pulley system are oriented such that all moving components remain on one side of the target and remain so during their entire range of movement.

Abstract: Ceremonial installation, comprising a movable object (1), provided with an energy source (4) and a device (6) for actuating the energy source, linked to a computer memory, a programmer (8) of the actuation device and an interface (2) between the programmer and the memory, the actuation device being controlled by a physical separation of the object (1) from a support (2) and/or a physical contact of the object with said support, after said separation and/or a physical and/or chemical parameter of the object or of the environment of the object and/or a defined spatial position of the object.

Abstract: An improved millimetre wave illumination system includes at least one primary source of millimetre wave radiation, a reflecting surface and a baffle comprising a plurality of exit apertures arranged such that at least some of the radiation from the source is reflected from the reflective surface before proceeding to the baffle, characterised in that means are incorporated for generating a plurality of radiation field states within a pre-determined time interval. The baffle, source and reflector are preferably packaged into a container with the exit apertures providing an illumination output. The generation of the plurality of radiation field states provides an illumination at the illuminator output that is less spatially variable when integrated over the pre-determined time interval.

Abstract: In an embodiment of an optically coupled semiconductor device of the present invention, the optically coupled semiconductor device is provided with a resin sealing portion and lead drawing portions. The resin sealing portion integrally seals a power control semiconductor element chip, an firing light-receiving element chip for firing the power control semiconductor element chip, and a light-emitting element chip optically coupled with the firing light-receiving element, for converting an electric signal into an optical signal. The lead drawing portions are connected to the power control semiconductor element chip, the firing light-receiving element, and the light-emitting element chip, and are drawn out of the resin sealing portion.

Abstract: In the optical distance measuring device of the invention, a second optical path is formed by a transparent resin formed in a region where a light emitting element and a second light receiving part are connected directly to each other. As the temperature increases, the length of the optical path increases while its refractive index decreases, so that the optical path length itself becomes generally constant. Therefore, the length of the second optical path can be kept generally constant independently of temperature. Further, a first light receiving part for a first optical path and a second light receiving part for the second optical path 18 are formed in one identical light receiving element. Therefore, characteristic variations of the first light receiving part and the second light receiving part due to temperature can be reduced. This optical distance measuring device can achieve high distance measuring accuracy even under environments of intense temperature changes.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for web tear monitoring on a machine used for the production and/or treatment of a fiber material web, in particular a paper web or paperboard web, said machine being in particular a paper machine or coating machine on which the fiber material web is conveyed at a defined speed in its longitudinal direction along a defined path, wherein a web tear is detected by way of a light-emitting component and a light-receiving sensor in that light is emitted from the light-emitting component in the direction of the fiber material web to a defined target point and, given the presence of the fiber material web, is reflected and/or let through and/or directed in the target point to the light-receiving sensor.

Abstract: A raindrop sensor includes an image sensor and an image processor. The image sensor captures an image of a windshield from inside a vehicle. The image processor performs a frequency analysis of the image to detect a high-frequency component in the image. When the high-frequency component is detected, the image processor detects a width of a change region where a change in gradation of the image occurs. When the width of the change region is within a predetermined range corresponding to a diameter of a raindrop, the image processor determines that the raindrop is on the windshield. Even when a foreign matter such as a water stain appears as the high-frequency component as a result of the frequency analysis, the raindrop and the foreign matter can be distinguished from each other based on the width of the change region.

Abstract: To provide a laser scanning microscope including a laser beam source for stimulation that emits a laser beam for stimulation for applying photostimulation to a sample, a scanner that performs scanning with the laser beam for stimulation, a control device that controls the scanner, and an objective lens that condenses the laser beam for stimulation used for scanning by the scanner to the sample. The scanner has at least one acoustooptic device arranged on an optical path of the laser beam for stimulation. The control device determines a plurality of frequencies on the basis of the position and the range of a photostimulation region, and simultaneously applies the high-frequency signals of the determined plurality of frequencies to a vibrator attached to the acoustooptic device.

Abstract: A roller clamp is configured to maintain at a prescribed rate the flow rate of a fluid that flows through a tube. The roller clamp includes a tube winding shaft part around which a fluid flow tube is passed and which prevents the setting of the flow rate being disturbed if the tube is subject to a tensional force.

Abstract: A flushometer for use with urinals or water closets includes a hollow valve body having an inlet, an outlet, and a valve seat therebetween. There is a piston or diaphragm movable in the hollow valve body to a closing position on the valve seat to control flow through the valve. A pressure chamber is above the piston or diaphragm for holding it on the valve seat. The piston or diaphragm includes a plurality of bypass orifices to connect the inlet with the pressure chamber to provide fluid to move the piston or diaphragm to the closing position.

Abstract: A closure device for closing an opening in a wall in a vacuum-tight manner comprises a closure plate, a carrying unit which carries the closure plate and which has at least one longitudinal piston-cylinder unit, and a base unit which carries the carrying unit and has at least one transverse piston-cylinder unit. A closing cylinder space of the at least one longitudinal piston-cylinder unit is connected to a closing cylinder space of the transverse piston-cylinder unit, or of at least one of the transverse piston-cylinder units, by means of a closing pressure gas channel, and an opening cylinder space of the at least one longitudinal piston-cylinder unit is connected to an opening cylinder space of the transverse piston-cylinder unit, or of at least one of the transverse piston-cylinder units, by means of an opening pressure gas channel.

Abstract: A pressure limiting valve having a spool with raised spool lands. The spool is slidably received in a spool bore having inflow and outflow grooves that form control edges. The valve has two control edges, and a hydraulic resistance is connected in series with one of the control edges. Increasing static pressure losses at the control edges during flow, so-called flow forces, can be offset by an increasing back pressure on the valve spool, which is produced by the hydraulic resistance.

Abstract: A valve comprises an electromagnetic actuator including a solenoid. The solenoid includes at least one core, wherein the core is an “E” shaped core or a “U” shaped core and an anchor plate. The solenoid further comprises at least one coil disposed within the core and connected to a set of power electronics to supply current to the coils. The actuator further comprises a plunger connected to the anchor plate and at least one spring configured to guide the plunger. The opening and closing of the valve is controlled by passing current through the coil and the valve is used in acompressor.

Abstract: An electromagnetic valve for a vehicle gas cylinder, said valve comprising: a valve body; an external thread section of the valve body, that can be screwed into an internal thread on the gas cylinder; a section of the valve body protruding into the gas cylinder; a shut-off piston; and electromagnetic control elements which can be used to displace the shut-off piston from a conducting position into a closed position. The valve body comprises a cavity for receiving the shut-off piston and the control elements, said cavity being located inside the thread section and/or in the section of the valve body protruding into the gas cylinder. In order to simplify the disassembly and assembly of one such valve, the mouth of the cavity is arranged on the head end of the valve body located outside the gas cylinder. The shut-off piston and the electromagnetic control elements can be inserted into the cavity through the mouth thereof.

Abstract: A plug-in safety coupling for pressure pipes consists of a coupler box with a blocking member pivotally mounted therein. The latter has a diametrical through bore in which a plug can be inserted, in a depressurized state, at an acute to a right angle to the conducting position. The blocking member can be brought into the conducting position by pivoting the plug. A cupped locking sleeve shaving a hemispherical front end is placed over the coupler box with the pivoting member. This hemispherical front end comprises a spherically extending oblong hole that extends along a great circle on the hemispherical end from the center thereof. The locking sleeve is rotatably mounted on the coupler box and is biased by a spring to such an extent that its oblong hole extends with an offset by 90° relative to the pivoting plane of the blocking member of the plug. Only when the locking sleeve is pivoted, a plug can be inserted.

Abstract: A refrigerator oil composition for carbon dioxide coolant, which dissolves in supercritical carbon dioxide in an amount of 0.1 mass % or more at a temperature of 100° C. under a pressure of 15 MPa. The above refrigerator oil composition is used in a refrigeration system using a carbon dioxide coolant in a supercritical state, and, in particular, can enhance the heat exchange efficiency during the pass of supercritical carbon dioxide through a heat exchanger and also exhibits good durability and lubricity.

Abstract: Tetraaromatic diamine compounds having the general formula: are provided wherein a is 0-3; b, c and d independently are integers from 0-5, R1 and R2 together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded are joined together to form a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to about C30 ring, saturated, partially unsaturated or fully unsaturated, optionally substituted with one or more heteroatoms, a is 0-3; b, c and d independently are integers from 0-5, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are independently hydrogen, a straight or branched C1-C30 alkyl or alkylene group optionally substituted with one or more substituents, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C12 cycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C5-C25 aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C25 arylalkyl, a straight or branched C1-C30 alkoxy group optionally substituted with one or more substituents or two R4 substituents and/or two R5 substituents and/or two R6 substituents on adjacent carbon atoms of the aromatic ring associated therewith can be joined together to form

Abstract: A deodorizing system capable of reducing malodors in confined spaces such as bathrooms, kitchens, cars and cellars. More specifically, it is provided a deodorizing system comprising a chlorine dioxide generating sachet and a perfume composition.

Abstract: A nematic liquid crystal composition includes a mixture of first component and second component as follows: a first component with at least one first twisted-related characteristic, wherein the first component is from 75% to 90% in total weight of the nematic liquid crystal composition; and a second component with at least one second twisted-related characteristic lower than the first twist-related characteristics, wherein the second component is from 10% to 25% in total weight of the nematic liquid crystal composition.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a liquid crystal composition having a first class compound including a fluorine-containing compound, and a second class compound including a neutral liquid crystal compound, where each terminal group of the neutral crystal compound includes an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or an alkenyl group. If the neutral liquid crystal compound includes an alkenyl group at the terminal group, the liquid crystal composition includes less than 7 wt % of the neutral crystal compound including the alkenyl group. The present invention also discloses a liquid crystal display including the aforementioned liquid crystal composition.

Abstract: A rare earth fluoride solid solution material (polycrystal and/or single crystal) characterized in that the material is obtained by mutually combining a plurality of rare earth fluorides having phase transitions and having different ion radii, respectively, so that the rare earth fluoride solid solution material is free of phase transitions. A rare earth fluoride solid solution material (polycrystal and/or single crystal) characterized in that the material is represented by (REyRE?1-y)F3 (0.0000<y<1.0000), wherein RE represents one or two or more selected from Sm, Eu, and Gd, and RE? represents one or two or more selected from Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and Y. A rare earth fluoride solid solution material (polycrystal and/or single crystal) represented by MxREyRE?1-x-yFz, wherein RE is one or two or more selected from Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu, Tb, Ho, Er, Tm, or Yb, RE? is one or two or more selected from La, Sm, Gd, Dy, Lu, Y, and Sc, and M is one or more of Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a fluorescent powder for blue-light emitting diode based on a garnet-structure yttrium and gallium compound with a chemical formula of (Y,Gd)3Al5-x(Mg,Si)xO12(x=0˜3) wherein the ratio of Y and Gd ions is changed with the shifting peak value of excited Ce+3 and/or Cr+3 radiations.

Abstract: A surface-treating composition which is a treating liquid containing no ingredients harmful to the environment; such a treating liquid has been difficult to obtain with any conventional technique. The composition enables a coating film having excellent corrosion resistance after coating to be deposited through surface treatment on a surface of a metallic material, e.g., an iron-based metallic material. The composition, which is for the surface treatment of a metal comprising iron and/or zinc, comprises the following ingredients (A), (B), and (C): (A) a compound containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, and silicon; (B) a compound containing yttrium and/or a lanthanide element; and (C) nitric acid and/or a nitric acid compound. In the composition, the ratio of the total mass concentration B of the yttrium and/or lanthanide element in the ingredient (B) to the total mass concentration A of the element(s) in the ingredient (A), K1=B/A, is 0.

Abstract: The present invention provides biosensing material comprising polyaniline (PANI)/poly-vinyl-pyrrolidine (PVP) nanocomposite fibers and polyaniline (PANI)/poly-vinyl-pyrrolidine (PVP) nanocomposite fibers and urease. The present invention also provides an electrospinning process for producing the biosensors of the present invention. If desired, the PANI/PVP/enzyme may be deposited on alumina substrates having gold interdigitated contacts, alumina substrates having heaters deposited thereon, and/or aluminum foil.

Abstract: Aerogel materials, aerogel composites and the like may be improved by enhancing their smoke suppression, combustion reduction properties. It is additionally useful to provide aerogel based composites compatible with environments conducive to combustion. Such aerogel materials and methods of manufacturing the same are described.

Abstract: Flame retarded resin compositions comprise at least one resin selected from the group consisting of polycarbonate, polyester and mixtures thereof, and a flame retarding effective amount of at least one nonhalogenated arylalkylsilyl flame retardant, the flame retarded resin composition being substantially free of haloorganic flame retardant and phosphate flame retardant.

Abstract: A heavy duty wheeled vehicle for an industrial environment is electrically driven by one or more switched reluctance motor traction drive system connected to the wheels. The switched reluctance motors are powered by an electrical generator that is driven by an engine, such as a diesel engine, which may run at a substantially constant RPM. A digital control system provides operator displays and controls power conversion from the generator, as well as providing maintenance and control functions for the switched reluctance motors. A heavy-duty hoisting apparatus electrically drives a hoisting mechanism using an SR motor, providing power for lifting a load. The heavy-duty hoisting apparatus may include an engine and generator or provide power to the SR motor from an external source.

Abstract: A fish tape reel has an ergonomic center handle disposed across the center opening of an annular, high-drop strength housing that defines a cavity containing a fish tape cassette. The interior of the cavity can have rib-like friction reducers against which the fish tape slides. Flat metal fish tape is wound around a hub of the cassette with one end secured to the cassette and the opposite end fed through an exit aperture of the housing. The cassette is rotatably mounted in the housing cavity by a retaining ring sonically welded to the housing. A handle mounted to the cassette facilitates rotating the cassette relative to the housing for winding and unwinding the fish tape. The ergonomic handle is positioned generally along a vertically center line of the housing in position for grasping with a straight wrist when winding and unwinding the fish tape.

Abstract: A heave compensation apparatus and method for a winch or crane system, the winch or crane system preferably for a vessel and including a lift wire for attachment to a load. The apparatus includes a vessel motion measurement device which may be in the form of a motion reference unit for measuring the motion of the vessel, and a control device or computer capable of receiving an output from the vessel motion measurement device and controlling the winch or crane system according to the movement of the vessel, so as to stabilise the load. The apparatus may further optionally include one or more of a lift wire tension measuring device for measuring the tension in the lift wire; a lift wire distance measurement device which measures the length of lift wire that has been paid out; and a load motion measurement device for measuring the motion of the load.

Abstract: A telescoping workover rig is characterized by a derrick having a bottom mast section mounted on a base or carrier and a top mast section telescopically fitted in the bottom mast section. In functional configuration a system of tram sheaves mounted on movable trams and connected to opposite fixed stationary sheaves by a continuous cable, serve to raise and lower a travelling block suspended by the cable from travelling block sheaves and crown sheaves in the extended top mast section. The trams that mount the tram sheaves are fitted to the ends of one or a pair of cylinder rods extending from a corresponding tram drive cylinder or cylinders.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arched reinforced fence, formed by mesh panels of metal rods, with vertical formations, and by anchoring elements made up of a U-shaped rod or profile, the side branches of which are introduced between the horizontal rods located in different planes, whereas the central branch runs along one of the longitudinal edges of the panel, the side branches projecting from the opposite longitudinal edge of the panel.

Abstract: A fence system, and method for making same, includes at least one support member, and at least one infill material having an edge. At least one union strip is coupled to the at least one support member, the at least one union strip including at least one channel configured for receiving the edge of the at least one infill material. In one embodiment of the invention, the at least one channel is U-shaped, and the edge is configured in a U-shape for matingly engaging the at least one U-shaped channel.

Abstract: A decorative fencing system is provided for use as a small fence or decorative accent for a yard. The fencing system comprises several different structural components that may be joined in various combinations so as to create a limitless number of different configurations or arrangements. The components include base units, decorative end units and gate units, each of which may be attached to the other components in any combination thereof. Each of these components are attached to post sections which are inserted through post rings or post hinges on the individual components to thereby allow for each component to be rotated to the desired position relative to the post section. The post sections are secured to the ground by means of stakes that are first driven into the ground and the post section is then inserted into a sleeve in the stake to thereby provide support and stability for the fencing system. A separate and smaller pin is provided on the end units to anchor these components to the ground.

Abstract: A barrier device capable of rapid deployment and assembly to form a barrier wall. The barrier device comprises slidable interlock capabilities so that adjacent barriers can be connected to one another quickly and without the use of any tools or other components. In one aspect, the invention is the barrier device comprising: a base plate having a bottom surface and a top surface; and a wall plate connected to and extending upward from the top surface of the first plate, the wall plate comprising a first lateral edge and a second lateral edge. The wall plate of any one barrier device can slidably mate with a second lateral edge of the wall plate of an adjacent barrier device.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments provided a conductive paste including an organic gold compound and a glass component in a solvent. When electrodes are formed on both surfaces of piezoelectric members using the conductive paste according to the invention, it is possible to improve the close adhesion property between the electrodes and the piezoelectric members eliminate ion migration, and lower electric resistances of the electrodes.

Abstract: The invention provides for a nonvolatile memory cell comprising a heater layer in series with a phase change material, such as a chalcogenide. Phase change is achieved in chalcogenide memories by thermal means. Concentrating thermal energy in a relatively small volume assists this phase change. In the present invention, a layer in a pillar-shaped section of a memory cell is etched laterally, decreasing its cross-section. In this way the cross section of the contact area between the heater layer and the phase change material is reduced. In preferred embodiments, the laterally etched layer is the heater layer or a sacrificial layer. In a preferred embodiment, such a cell can be used in a monolithic three dimensional memory array.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a group-III nitride vertical-rods substrate. The group-III vertical-rods substrate comprises a substrate, a buffer layer and a vertical rod layer. The buffer layer is located over the substrate. The vertical rod layer is located on the buffer layer and the vertical rod layer is comprised of a plurality of vertical rods standing on the buffer layer.

Abstract: A nitride semiconductor device has a nitride semiconductor layer structure. The structure includes an active layer of a quantum well structure containing an indium-containing nitride semiconductor. A first nitride semiconductor layer having a band gap energy larger than that of the active layer is provided in contact with the active layer. A second nitride semiconductor layer having a band gap energy smaller than that of the first layer is provided over the first layer. Further, a third nitride semiconductor layer having a band gap energy larger than that of the second layer is provided over the second layer.

Abstract: A flash memory cell includes a substrate and a gate structure formed on the substrate. The gate structure includes a tunneling layer over the substrate, a storage layer over the tunneling layer, a blocking layer over the storage layer, and a gate electrode over the dielectric. The storage layer preferably has a conduction band lower than a conduction band of silicon. The blocking layer is preferably formed of a high-k dielectric material.

Abstract: Semiconducting films are formed on a substrate by coating the substrate with a mixture of a semiconducting material and a substance which results in a Tg of the resulting mixture which is lower than that of the said material, and cross-linking the said material. Multilayer electronic devices may be produced by processes which comprise forming a cross-linked semiconducting film on a substrate in this way and forming a layer on the said film by solution or suspension deposition of a second film forming material in which the cross-linked semiconducting film is substantially insoluble in the solvent or suspending agent used in forming the second film. The invention may be used in making, for example, field effect transistors, light emitting diodes (LEDs), organic solar cells and organic lasers.

Abstract: An organic photosensitive optoelectronic device, having a donor-acceptor heterojunction of a donor-like material and an acceptor-like material and methods of making such devices is provided. At least one of the donor-like material and the acceptor-like material includes a subphthalocyanine, a subporphyrin, and/or a subporphyrazine compound; and/or the device optionally has at least one of a blocking layer or a charge transport layer, where the blocking layer and/or the charge transport layer includes a subphthalocyanine, a subporphyrin, and/or a subporphyrazine compound.